英文论文的结构
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英语论文的结构
机电工程学院 唐 荣 年
Construction guidelines
Title Abstract Introduction Methods Results References Tables and figures
1. Title
Be short, accurate, and unambiguous Give your paper a distinct personality Begin with the subject of the study
Notice:
Typed as a single paragraph No abbreviations /or citations Eliminate or minimize background information Avoid repeating the title or part of the title in the first sentence of the abstract Limit the abstract to new information don’t use commentary words (satisfying…, most)
Conference example:
solved: ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… … Objectives of this study, hypothesis:..................... ......... ...... …………………………………………………………… Methods, materials, procedures: ...................... ................... .......... ……………………………………………………… …..Results, data, observations, discussion:.......................... ..................... Conclusions: ...................................................... .......................
2. Abstract
use short sentences work is written in past tense use active voice
This paper…… This study……
The abstract is vitally important - - without doubt the most important 200- -300 words in the paper Never forget that the abstract is often the only thing readers will read from your paper. Pay attention to it! Make it very concise, clear-cut, easy to read. Avoid technical terms or complicated reasoning
This investigation was performed to see if the aluminum in pop cans (易拉罐)and aluminum cookware enters the liquid they contain. It was hypothesized that aluminum does enter the liquids in aluminum cans and cookware. This experiment was performed by testing seven different types of carbonated beverages and water boiled in aluminum cookware for three hours. Every hour a sample was removed for testing. The cookware consisted of a new and old aluminum pot. The colorimetric method was used to determine the concentration of aluminum. The results showed that aluminum was present in carbonated beverages and in the water boiled in the cookware . It was concluded that aluminum existed in carbonated beverages and substances cooked in aluminum cookware, and that the concentration of aluminum increased with time.
3. Introduction
What is known What is not known Why we did this study
No more than 3 pages A bad beginning makes a bad ending (Correct writing……) call attention to the specific subject, define the problem (Not too much) provide background and present the study results Should not be (too) technical list the structure of your research project and what you plan to present in your paper
The list of Authors
(1) Student first, supervisor second (2) An author of a paper should be defined as one who takes intellectual responsibility for the research results being reported (3) Give credit where it is due. It does not cost anything, and it creates friends. Science is more of a social activity than you might think (4) Authors’ affiliations and corresponding author
百度文库
(1) The title is the only part of your paper most people will read - make it clear, concise and informative; (2) Actual findings should be described with claims that can be supported (3) It should be catchy / memorable (4) The title is a label, not a sentence
Journal example:
Objectives,purpose,hypotheses ........................................... .. .……………………………………………………………… …………………………… ………………………………… ……… Methods,materials,procedures ........... .................. ....................……………………………………………… … ……………………………………….. Results,data, observations,discussion .................................... .......……… …………………………………………………………… Conclusions . ......................................................................... ...................................................
Dissertation example:
Background, problems that need to be solved, rationale for the present study ........................................................ ……………………………………………………………. Objectives and scope of this study .................................... ......................................................................... …………… ……….Outline of the main contents and results ............. ............................................................................................... Conclusions:.............................................................
Tips:
First 1-2 sentences: introduction to the concept Next 1-2 sentences: the system and the specific question Next x sentences, a brief summary of the results Final 1-2 sentences: conclusion
Should include: Purposes, Procedures, Methods, Results, Conclusions Should answer: What I want to do? How I did it? What results did I get ? What conclusions can I draw? What is new and original in this paper?
Tips： （1）Careful & Meaningful （2）Don’t begin with ‘ Studies on….， Investigation on…… ’
(1) A study of the structural series in the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O superconducting system (2) Formation mechanism of H2Ti3O7 nanotubes (3) Surface structural chemistry of high Tc superconductors by HREM (4) Direct preparation of nanoporous carbon by nanocasting (5) Synthesis, structure solution, characterization and catalytic properties of TNU-10: a high-silica zeolite with the STI topology
机电工程学院 唐 荣 年
Construction guidelines
Title Abstract Introduction Methods Results References Tables and figures
1. Title
Be short, accurate, and unambiguous Give your paper a distinct personality Begin with the subject of the study
Notice:
Typed as a single paragraph No abbreviations /or citations Eliminate or minimize background information Avoid repeating the title or part of the title in the first sentence of the abstract Limit the abstract to new information don’t use commentary words (satisfying…, most)
Conference example:
solved: ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… … Objectives of this study, hypothesis:..................... ......... ...... …………………………………………………………… Methods, materials, procedures: ...................... ................... .......... ……………………………………………………… …..Results, data, observations, discussion:.......................... ..................... Conclusions: ...................................................... .......................
2. Abstract
use short sentences work is written in past tense use active voice
This paper…… This study……
The abstract is vitally important - - without doubt the most important 200- -300 words in the paper Never forget that the abstract is often the only thing readers will read from your paper. Pay attention to it! Make it very concise, clear-cut, easy to read. Avoid technical terms or complicated reasoning
This investigation was performed to see if the aluminum in pop cans (易拉罐)and aluminum cookware enters the liquid they contain. It was hypothesized that aluminum does enter the liquids in aluminum cans and cookware. This experiment was performed by testing seven different types of carbonated beverages and water boiled in aluminum cookware for three hours. Every hour a sample was removed for testing. The cookware consisted of a new and old aluminum pot. The colorimetric method was used to determine the concentration of aluminum. The results showed that aluminum was present in carbonated beverages and in the water boiled in the cookware . It was concluded that aluminum existed in carbonated beverages and substances cooked in aluminum cookware, and that the concentration of aluminum increased with time.
3. Introduction
What is known What is not known Why we did this study
No more than 3 pages A bad beginning makes a bad ending (Correct writing……) call attention to the specific subject, define the problem (Not too much) provide background and present the study results Should not be (too) technical list the structure of your research project and what you plan to present in your paper
The list of Authors
(1) Student first, supervisor second (2) An author of a paper should be defined as one who takes intellectual responsibility for the research results being reported (3) Give credit where it is due. It does not cost anything, and it creates friends. Science is more of a social activity than you might think (4) Authors’ affiliations and corresponding author
百度文库
(1) The title is the only part of your paper most people will read - make it clear, concise and informative; (2) Actual findings should be described with claims that can be supported (3) It should be catchy / memorable (4) The title is a label, not a sentence
Journal example:
Objectives,purpose,hypotheses ........................................... .. .……………………………………………………………… …………………………… ………………………………… ……… Methods,materials,procedures ........... .................. ....................……………………………………………… … ……………………………………….. Results,data, observations,discussion .................................... .......……… …………………………………………………………… Conclusions . ......................................................................... ...................................................
Dissertation example:
Background, problems that need to be solved, rationale for the present study ........................................................ ……………………………………………………………. Objectives and scope of this study .................................... ......................................................................... …………… ……….Outline of the main contents and results ............. ............................................................................................... Conclusions:.............................................................
Tips:
First 1-2 sentences: introduction to the concept Next 1-2 sentences: the system and the specific question Next x sentences, a brief summary of the results Final 1-2 sentences: conclusion
Should include: Purposes, Procedures, Methods, Results, Conclusions Should answer: What I want to do? How I did it? What results did I get ? What conclusions can I draw? What is new and original in this paper?
Tips： （1）Careful & Meaningful （2）Don’t begin with ‘ Studies on….， Investigation on…… ’
(1) A study of the structural series in the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O superconducting system (2) Formation mechanism of H2Ti3O7 nanotubes (3) Surface structural chemistry of high Tc superconductors by HREM (4) Direct preparation of nanoporous carbon by nanocasting (5) Synthesis, structure solution, characterization and catalytic properties of TNU-10: a high-silica zeolite with the STI topology