专业名词中英文对照讲解学习
生态学专业术语英汉对照2
Ecology 生态学individuals 个体population 种群communities 群落ecosystems 生态系统behavioral ecology 行为生态学physiological ecology 生理生态学evolutionary ecology 进化生态学molecular ecology 分子生态学fitness 适合度natural selection 自然选择adaptation 适应genotype 基因型phenotype 表型phenotypic plasticity 表型可塑性offspring 后代genes 基因nongenetic factors 非遗传因素not inherited 不遗传conditions 条件resources 资源environmental variation 环境变异internal regulation 内调节homeostasis 稳态negative feedback 负反馈tolerance 耐受性temperature 温度not depletable 不能耗掉solar radiation 太阳辐射decouple 退耦niche 生态位habitat 栖息地multidimensional niche space 多维生态位空间Fundamental niche基础生态位Realized niche 实际生态位Prey 猎物Foraging 觅食Dimension 轴或维Global wind pattern 地球的风型The circulation of oceans 洋流Rain 降雨Havoc['hævək] 灾害Hurricane 飓风Latitude 纬度Irradiance [i'reidiəns,-si]辐射度Summer solstice 夏至Winter solstice 冬至Adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却Scale 尺度Coriolis effect 科里奥利效应Intertropical convergence zone 热带辐合带Jet streams 急流Albedo 反照率Gulf stream 墨西哥湾流Lee of a continent 背风面Upwelling 上涌流Adiabatic lapse rate 绝热温度递减率Inversion 逆温Heat of condensation 凝结热Heat 热Temperature profiles温度剖面Relative humidity 相对湿度Saturated water 饱和水water vapor 水蒸汽microclimate 微气候thermal['θə:məl]conductivity 热传导chemical properties of water 水的化学特性penetration of light through water光线穿透水Energy transfer and water phases能量转化和水相Deplete 耗竭Ions 离子Electropositive 正电性的Electronegative 负电性的Beer’s law 比尔定律Heat capacity 热容量Maximum density 最大密度Latent heat of vaporization增发潜热Heat of fusion 溶解热Sublimation 升华Soil water 土壤水Field capacity 田间持水量The uptake of water by roots根对水的吸收Aquatic plants 水生植物Water availability 水的可利用性Plant productivity 植物生产力Permanent wilting point 永久萎焉点Potential evapotranspiration rate潜在蒸发蒸腾速率Capillary pores 毛细管孔隙Resource depletion zone 资源枯竭区Halophytes 盐生植物Water balance in fish 鱼类的水平衡Amphibians 两栖类Water conservation by terrestrial animals 陆生动物的水保持Mammalian 哺乳动物Kidneys 肾脏Bladder 膀胱Beavers 河狸Osmoregulation 渗透调节Countercurrent exchange 逆流调节Hypertonic 高渗的Homeotherms 恒温动物Poikilotherms 变温动物Ectotherms 外温动物Endotherms 内温动物Temperature thresholds 温度阀Mechanisms 机理Enzyme 酶The thermoneutral zone 热中性区Dehydration 脱水Rates of development and growth发育和生长速度Acclimation and acclimatization驯化和气候驯化Developmental threshold Temperature 发育温度阀Physiological time 生理时间Vernalization 春化Species distribution 物种分布Evolved response 进化反应Mean temperature 平均温度Isotherm 等温线Radiant energy 辐射能Photosynthesis 光合作用Efficiency of radiant energy conversion 辐射能的转换效率Changes in the intensity of radiation 辐射强度的变化Strategic and tactical response of plants to radiation 植物对辐射的战略和战术响应Compensation point 补偿点Photosynthetically active radiation （PAR）光和活性辐射Efficiency of Photosynthesis 光合作用效率Photosynthetic capacity 光合能力Diurnal and annual rhythms of solar radiation 太阳辐射日节律和年节律Resource depletion zone 资源耗竭带Strategic difference 战略差异Tactical response 战术响应Transpiration 蒸腾Net assimilation 净同化量Nutrient sources 营养物资源Nutrient budgets 营养预算Terrestrial communities 陆地群落Aquatic communities 水生群落Geochemistry 地球化学Global biogeochemical cycles 全球生物地球循环Mechanical weathering 机械风化Chemical weathering 化学腐蚀Wetfall 湿降落Dryfall 干降落Rainout component 雨水冲失成分Washout component 水冲失成分Streamflow 溪流Denitrification 脱氮Endorheic内陆湖泊Biogeochemistry 生物地球化学Hydrosphere carbon 水圈的碳Weathering 风化作用Nitrogen cycle 氮循环Phosphorus 氮Sediment 沉积型Lithospheric 岩石圈Sulfur 硫The fate of matter in the community群落中物质的命运Producers 生产者Consumers 消费者Decomposers 分解者Autotrophs 自养生物Grazing mammals 草食哺乳动物Phytoplankton 浮游植物Zooplankton 浮游动物Bacteria 细菌Fungi 真菌Nonliving 无生命Food chains 食物链Primary and secondary production 初级和次级生产力Net Primary production 净初级生产力Aphotic zone 无光区Photic zone 透光区Primary consumers 初级消费者Secondary consumer 次级消费者Soil formation 土壤形成The soil profile 土壤剖面Primary classification：the great soil groups 主要分类：大土壤群Higher vegetation 高等植物Dynamic mixture 动态混合物Organic matter 有机质Cells 细胞Pedology 土壤学Subsoil 亚土壤Mineral soil 矿物质土壤Parent material 母质Soil series 土系Soil surveyor 土壤勘测员Succession 演替Ecosystem patterns 生态系统格局Soil horizons 土层Humic acids 腐植酸Great soil groups 土壤群Population size 种群大小Age and stage structure 年龄和时期结构Zygote 受精卵Unitary organism 单体生物Modular organism 构件生物Ramets 无性系分株Clone 无性系Genet 基株Evolutionary individuals 进化个体Immediate ecological impact 直接生态作用Stable age distribution 稳定年龄分布Age pyramid 年龄金字塔Stationary age distribution 固定的年龄分布Stage structure 时期结构Sizes classes 个体大小群Natality 出生率Mortality 死亡率Survivorship 存活率Life tables 生命表K-factor analysis k-因子分析The fecundity schedule 生殖力表Population growth 种群增长Density-independent Population growth 非密度制约性种群增长Density-dependent growth-the logistic equation 密度制约性种群增长：逻辑斯缔方程Life expectancy 生命期望Survivorship curve 存活曲线Cohort 同生群Age-specific survival rate 特定年龄存活率Key factors 关键因子Killing factor 致死因子Basic reproduction rate 基础繁殖率Carrying capacity 环境容纳量Estimating density 估计密度Mark release recapture 标记重捕法H3Density dependence密度制约Equilibrium population density平衡种群密度Relative density相对密度Allee effect阿利效应Exactly compensating准确补偿Undercompensating补偿不足Overcompensating过度补偿H4Population fluctuations 种群波动Chaos 混沌Expanding and contracting populations 增长种群和收缩种群Stable limit cycle 稳定极限环I1Competition 竞争Predation 捕食Parasitism 寄生Mutualism互利共生Intraspecific competition种内竞争Interspecific competition种间竞争Exploitation competition利用性竞争Interference competition干扰性竞争Cannibalism 自相残杀Altruism 利他主义Commensualism 偏利共生Amensualism偏害共生I2Dispersal扩散Territoriality领域性Niche shift生态位转移Allelopathy异株克生Competive asymmetry 竞争不对称Scramble competition争夺竞争Contest competition格斗竞争Zero net growth isocline零增长等斜线Self-thinning自疏Inbreeding近亲繁殖Reproductive value繁殖价值Leks 求偶场I3Competitive exclusion 竞争排斥Limiting similarity 极限相似性Competitive release 极限释放Character displacement 性状替换Apparent competition 表观竞争Enemy-free space 无敌空间Highly heterogeneous 高度异质性Gaps 断层Probability refuge 隐蔽机率J1Herbivores 食草动物Carnivores 食肉动物Omnivores 杂食动物Chemical defences 化学防御Behavioral strategies 行为对策Specialists 特化种Generalist 泛化种Monophagous单食者Oligophagous寡食者Polyphagous 多食者Parasites 寄生者J2Predator switching 捕食者转换Profitability of prey 猎物收益率Plant defence 植物防御The ideal free distribution 理想自由分布Functional response 功能反应Superpredation 超捕食K1Parasites 寄生物Modes of transmission 传播方式Social parasites 社会性寄生物Helminth worms 寄生蠕虫Insects 昆虫Necrotrophs 食尸动物Parasitoids 拟寄生物The cellular immune response 细胞免疫反应Vectors 媒介Optimal habitat use 最佳生境利用Brood parasitism 窝寄生Evolutionary constraint 进化约束K2Immunity 免疫Cevolution协同进化Gene for gene 基因对基因Mimics 模仿Herd immunity 群体免疫Antigenic stability 抗原稳定L1Pollination 传粉Symbiotic 共生性Obligate 专性Lichens 地衣Outcrossing 异型杂交Mitochondria 线粒体Chloroplasts 叶绿体M1Reproductive values 生殖价Hypothetical organism 假定生物Migration 迁移Senescence衰老Diapause 滞育Dormancy 休眠Longevity 寿命Enormous variation 巨大变异Energy allocation 能量分配Semelparity 单次生殖Iteroparity 多次生殖Carrying capacity 容纳量Current/future reproduction当前/未来繁殖Habitat disturbance 环境干扰The current/future reproductive output 当前/未来繁殖输出A high/low cost of reproduction高/低繁殖付出Seed bank 种子库Torper蛰伏Hibernation 冬眠Cryptobiosis 隐生现象Aestivation 夏眠Migration 迁徙Morphological forms 形态学性状Generations世代Mechanistic level 机制水平N1Cooperation 合作Grouping-benefits 集群-好处Altruism 利他行为Group defens e 群防御Inclusive fitness 广义适合度Eusociality 真社会性Hymenoptera 膜翅目Haplodiploid 单倍二倍体Venomous sting毒刺N2Sex 性The costs of inbreeding 近交的代价Self-fertilization 自体受精Sexual versus asexual reproduction 有性和无性生殖Sex ratio 交配体制Monogyny 单配制Polygyny 一雄多雌制Polyandry 一雌多雄制Inbreeding depression 近交衰退Hermaphrodite 雌雄同体Recombine 重组Rare type advantage 稀少型有利Equal investment 相等投入Local mate competition局域交配竞争Epigamic 诱惑性Intrasexual selection 性内选择Intersexual selection 性间选择O1Alleles 等位基因Polymorphism 多型Genetic drift 遗传漂变Genetic bottleneck 遗传瓶颈Rare species 稀有物种Extinction 灭绝Chromosome染色体Genotype 遗传型Phenotype 表现型Gene pool 基因库Gel electrophoresis 凝胶电泳O2Gene flow 基因流Differentiation 分化Sibling species 姊妹种Genetic revolution 遗传演变Peripheral isolates 边缘隔离PTransfer efficiencies 转换效率（net）primary productivity (净)初级生产力Respiratory heat 呼吸热Grazer system 牧食者系统Food chains 食物链Pathways of nutrient flow营养物流Food webs 食物网QCommunity structure 群落结构Community boundaries 群落边界Guilds同资源种团Community organization 群落组织Species diversity 物种多样性Energy flow 能量流Superorganism 超有机体Species-poor/rich 物种贫乏/丰富Biomass stability 生物量稳定性Tundra 冻原Island biogeography 岛屿生物地理学Turnover rate 周转率Source of colonists 移植者源Relaxation松弛Edgespecies 边缘物种Interior species 内部物种Corridor 走廊Greenways 绿色通道Community assembly群落集合Grazers 食草动物Carnivores 食肉动物Keystone species 关键物种Dominance control 优势控制Habitat affinity生境亲和力Prey switching 猎物转换RSuccession 演替Climax Community 顶级群落Pioneer species 先锋物种Primary succession 原生演替Alluvial deposit 冲积层Secondary succession 次生演替Acidifying effect 酸化作用Opportunistic机会主义Cellulose 植物纤维素Lignin 木质素Resource ratio hypothesis 资源比假说Fluctuations 波动Cyclic succession 循环演替Disturbance 干扰Patch dynamics板块动态Mini-succession 微型演替Cambium 形成层Neotropical forest 新热带雨林Priority effect 优先效应SVegetation 植被Ecotones 群落交错区Climate map 气候图Biomes 生物群系Heat budget 热量预算Zonation 分带Grassland 草地Primary regions 基本区域Desertification 荒漠化Arctic tundra 北极冻原Alpine tundra 高山冻原Permafrost 永冻层Coniferous boreal forest北方针叶林Temperature forest 温带森林Tropical forest 热带森林Salinization 盐渍化Primary saltwater regions 基本盐水区域Opens oceans 开阔海洋Continental shelves 大陆架The intertidal zone 潮间带Salt marsh 盐沼Mudflats淤泥滩Mangroves 红树林Pelagic 浮游生物Photic zone 有光带Phyto plankton 浮游植物Nekton 自泳动物Benthic 底栖Rocky shore 岩岸Zonation 分带Streams 溪流Ponds 池塘Environmental concerns 环境关系Catchment area 集水区Temperature inversion 温度逆转Biomanipulation 生物处理TThe goals of harvesting 收获目标Quota limitation 配额限制Environmental fluctuation环境波动Maximum possible yiel最大可能产量Net recruitment 净补充量Surplus yield 过剩产量Age structure 年龄结构Population data 种群数据Stable equilibrium 稳定平衡Harvesting effort 收获努力Gun licences 猎枪执照Rod licences钓鱼许可证Upwelling of cold water冷水上升流Fisheries 渔业Ocean productivity 大洋生产力The tragedy of the common公共灾难Overexploitation 过捕Pollution 污染Global decline 全球性下降By-catch 附带收获Community perturbations 群落扰动Oil spills 原油泄漏Eutrophication 富营养化Algal blooms 水华Red tides 赤潮Biomagnification 生物放大作用UPest 有害生物Natural enemies 天敌Ruderal 杂草型Economic/aesthetic injury level 经济/美学损害水平Cultural 栽培Biological control 生物防治‘Silent spring’寂静的春天Chemical toxicity 化学毒性Evolution of resistance抗性进化Microbial insecticide微生物杀虫剂Inoculation接种Augmentation扩大Inundation 爆发VRare species 稀有种Genetic diversity 遗传多样性Extinction 灭绝Endemic species 特有种Habitat fragmentation 生境片段化Insularization 岛屿化Biodiversity 生物多样性Strategies for conservation保育对策Antarctic treaty 南极协议Ecotourism生态旅游WAir pollution空气污染Acid rain 酸雨Water pollutants 水体污染物Soil pollution 土壤污染Acid deposition 酸降Pathogens病源体Chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量Anaerobes 厌氧菌The greenhouse effect 温室效应Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Ozone 臭氧Photochemical smog 光化学烟雾XOverview 概述Soil erosion 土壤侵蚀Soil compaction 土壤硬结Contour ploughing等高耕作Cover crops 覆盖作物No-till farming 免耕农业。
高等数学专业名词中英文对照(全面)
微积分英文词汇,高数名词中英文对照,高等数学术语英语翻译一览关键词：微积分英文,高等数学英文翻译,高数英语词汇来源：上海外教网 | 发布日期：2008-05-16 17:12V、X、Z:Value of function ：函数值Variable ：变数Vector ：向量Velocity ：速度Vertical asymptote ：垂直渐近线Volume ：体积X-axis ：x轴x-coordinate ：x坐标x-intercept ：x截距Zero vector ：函数的零点Zeros of a polynomial ：多项式的零点T:Tangent function ：正切函数Tangent line ：切线Tangent plane ：切平面Tangent vector ：切向量Total differential ：全微分Trigonometric function ：三角函数Trigonometric integrals ：三角积分Trigonometric substitutions ：三角代换法Tripe integrals ：三重积分S:Saddle point ：鞍点Scalar ：纯量Secant line ：割线Second derivative ：二阶导数Second Derivative Test ：二阶导数试验法Second partial derivative ：二阶偏导数Sector ：扇形Sequence ：数列Series ：级数Set ：集合Shell method ：剥壳法Sine function ：正弦函数Singularity ：奇点Slant asymptote ：斜渐近线Slope ：斜率Slope-intercept equation of a line ：直线的斜截式Smooth curve ：平滑曲线Smooth surface ：平滑曲面Solid of revolution ：旋转体Space ：空间Speed ：速率Spherical coordinates ：球面坐标Squeeze Theorem ：夹挤定理Step function ：阶梯函数Strictly decreasing ：严格递减Strictly increasing ：严格递增Sum ：和Surface ：曲面Surface integral ：面积分Surface of revolution ：旋转曲面Symmetry ：对称R:Radius of convergence ：收敛半径Range of a function ：函数的值域Rate of change ：变化率Rational function ：有理函数Rationalizing substitution ：有理代换法Rational number ：有理数Real number ：实数Rectangular coordinates ：直角坐标Rectangular coordinate system ：直角坐标系Relative maximum and minimum ：相对极大值与极小值Revenue function ：收入函数Revolution , solid of ：旋转体Revolution , surface of ：旋转曲面Riemann Sum ：黎曼和Riemannian geometry ：黎曼几何Right-hand derivative ：右导数Right-hand limit ：右极限Root ：根P、Q:Parabola ：拋物线Parabolic cylinder ：抛物柱面Paraboloid ：抛物面Parallelepiped ：平行六面体Parallel lines ：并行线Parameter ：参数Partial derivative ：偏导数Partial differential equation ：偏微分方程Partial fractions ：部分分式Partial integration ：部分积分Partiton ：分割Period ：周期Periodic function ：周期函数Perpendicular lines ：垂直线Piecewise defined function ：分段定义函数Plane ：平面Point of inflection ：反曲点Polar axis ：极轴Polar coordinate ：极坐标Polar equation ：极方程式Pole ：极点Polynomial ：多项式Positive angle ：正角Point-slope form ：点斜式Power function ：幂函数Product ：积Quadrant ：象限Quotient Law of limit ：极限的商定律Quotient Rule ：商定律M、N、O:Maximum and minimum values ：极大与极小值Mean Value Theorem ：均值定理Multiple integrals ：重积分Multiplier ：乘子Natural exponential function ：自然指数函数Natural logarithm function ：自然对数函数Natural number ：自然数Normal line ：法线Normal vector ：法向量Number ：数Octant ：卦限Odd function ：奇函数One-sided limit ：单边极限Open interval ：开区间Optimization problems ：最佳化问题Order ：阶Ordinary differential equation ：常微分方程Origin ：原点Orthogonal ：正交的L:Laplace transform ：Leplace 变换Law of Cosines ：余弦定理Least upper bound ：最小上界Left-hand derivative ：左导数Left-hand limit ：左极限Lemniscate ：双钮线Length ：长度Level curve ：等高线L'Hospital's rule ：洛必达法则Limacon ：蚶线Limit ：极限Linear approximation：线性近似Linear equation ：线性方程式Linear function ：线性函数Linearity ：线性Linearization ：线性化Line in the plane ：平面上之直线Line in space ：空间之直线Lobachevski geometry ：罗巴切夫斯基几何Local extremum ：局部极值Local maximum and minimum ：局部极大值与极小值Logarithm ：对数Logarithmic function ：对数函数I:Implicit differentiation ：隐求导法Implicit function ：隐函数Improper integral ：瑕积分Increasing/Decreasing Test ：递增或递减试验法Increment ：增量Increasing Function ：增函数Indefinite integral ：不定积分Independent variable ：自变数Indeterminate from ：不定型Inequality ：不等式Infinite point ：无穷极限Infinite series ：无穷级数Inflection point ：反曲点Instantaneous velocity ：瞬时速度Integer ：整数Integral ：积分Integrand ：被积分式Integration ：积分Integration by part ：分部积分法Intercepts ：截距Intermediate value of Theorem ：中间值定理Interval ：区间Inverse function ：反函数Inverse trigonometric function ：反三角函数Iterated integral ：逐次积分H:Higher mathematics 高等数学/高数E、F、G、H:Ellipse ：椭圆Ellipsoid ：椭圆体Epicycloid ：外摆线Equation ：方程式Even function ：偶函数Expected Valued ：期望值Exponential Function ：指数函数Exponents , laws of ：指数率Extreme value ：极值Extreme Value Theorem ：极值定理Factorial ：阶乘First Derivative Test ：一阶导数试验法First octant ：第一卦限Focus ：焦点Fractions ：分式Function ：函数Fundamental Theorem of Calculus ：微积分基本定理Geometric series ：几何级数Gradient ：梯度Graph ：图形Green Formula ：格林公式Half-angle formulas ：半角公式Harmonic series ：调和级数Helix ：螺旋线Higher Derivative ：高阶导数Horizontal asymptote ：水平渐近线Horizontal line ：水平线Hyperbola ：双曲线Hyper boloid ：双曲面D:Decreasing function ：递减函数Decreasing sequence ：递减数列Definite integral ：定积分Degree of a polynomial ：多项式之次数Density ：密度Derivative ：导数of a composite function ：复合函数之导数of a constant function ：常数函数之导数directional ：方向导数domain of ：导数之定义域of exponential function ：指数函数之导数higher ：高阶导数partial ：偏导数of a power function ：幂函数之导数of a power series ：羃级数之导数of a product ：积之导数of a quotient ：商之导数as a rate of change ：导数当作变率right-hand ：右导数second ：二阶导数as the slope of a tangent ：导数看成切线之斜率Determinant ：行列式Differentiable function ：可导函数Differential ：微分Differential equation ：微分方程partial ：偏微分方程Differentiation ：求导法implicit ：隐求导法partial ：偏微分法term by term ：逐项求导法Directional derivatives ：方向导数Discontinuity ：不连续性Disk method ：圆盘法Distance ：距离Divergence ：发散Domain ：定义域Dot product ：点积Double integral ：二重积分change of variable in ：二重积分之变数变换in polar coordinates ：极坐标二重积分C:Calculus ：微积分differential ：微分学integral ：积分学Cartesian coordinates ：笛卡儿坐标一般指直角坐标Cartesian coordinates system ：笛卡儿坐标系Cauch’s Mean Value Theor em ：柯西均值定理Chain Rule ：连锁律Change of variables ：变数变换Circle ：圆Circular cylinder ：圆柱Closed interval ：封闭区间Coefficient ：系数Composition of function ：函数之合成Compound interest ：复利Concavity ：凹性Conchoid ：蚌线Cone ：圆锥Constant function ：常数函数Constant of integration ：积分常数Continuity ：连续性at a point ：在一点处之连续性of a function ：函数之连续性on an interval ：在区间之连续性from the left ：左连续from the right ：右连续Continuous function ：连续函数Convergence ：收敛interval of ：收敛区间radius of ：收敛半径Convergent sequence ：收敛数列series ：收敛级数Coordinate：s：坐标Cartesian ：笛卡儿坐标cylindrical ：柱面坐标polar ：极坐标rectangular ：直角坐标spherical ：球面坐标Coordinate axes ：坐标轴Coordinate planes ：坐标平面Cosine function ：余弦函数Critical point ：临界点Cubic function ：三次函数Curve ：曲线Cylinder：圆柱Cylindrical Coordinates ：圆柱坐标A、B:Absolute convergence ：绝对收敛Absolute extreme values ：绝对极值Absolute maximum and minimum ：绝对极大与极小Absolute value ：绝对值Absolute value function ：绝对值函数Acceleration ：加速度Antiderivative ：反导数Approximate integration ：近似积分Approximation ：逼近法by differentials ：用微分逼近linear ：线性逼近法by Simpson’s Rule ：Simpson法则逼近法by the Trapezoidal Rule ：梯形法则逼近法Arbitrary constant ：任意常数Arc length ：弧长Area ：面积under a curve ：曲线下方之面积between curves ：曲线间之面积in polar coordinates ：极坐标表示之面积of a sector of a circle ：扇形之面积of a surface of a revolution ：旋转曲面之面积Asymptote ：渐近线horizontal ：水平渐近线slant ：斜渐近线vertical ：垂直渐近线Average speed ：平均速率Average velocity ：平均速度Axes, coordinate ：坐标轴Axes of ellipse ：椭圆之轴Binomial series ：二项级数微积分词汇第一章函数与极限Chapter1 Function and Limit集合 set元素 element子集 subset空集 empty set并集 union交集 intersection差集 difference of set基本集 basic set补集 complement set直积 direct product笛卡儿积 Cartesian product开区间 open interval闭区间 closed interval半开区间 half open interval有限区间 finite interval区间的长度 length of an interval无限区间 infinite interval领域 neighborhood领域的中心 centre of a neighborhood 领域的半径 radius of a neighborhood 左领域 left neighborhood右领域 right neighborhood映射 mappingX到Y的映射 mapping of X ontoY满射 surjection单射 injection一一映射 one-to-one mapping双射 bijection算子 operator变化 transformation函数 function逆映射 inverse mapping复合映射 composite mapping自变量 independent variable因变量 dependent variable定义域 domain函数值 value of function函数关系 function relation值域 range自然定义域 natural domain单值函数 single valued function多值函数 multiple valued function单值分支 one-valued branch函数图形 graph of a function绝对值函数 absolute value符号函数 sigh function整数部分 integral part阶梯曲线 step curve当且仅当 if and only if(iff)分段函数 piecewise function上界 upper bound下界 lower bound有界 boundedness无界 unbounded函数的单调性 monotonicity of a function单调增加的 increasing单调减少的 decreasing单调函数 monotone function函数的奇偶性 parity(odevity) of a function 对称 symmetry偶函数 even function奇函数 odd function函数的周期性 periodicity of a function周期 period反函数 inverse function直接函数 direct function复合函数 composite function中间变量 intermediate variable函数的运算 operation of function基本初等函数 basic elementary function初等函数 elementary function幂函数 power function指数函数 exponential function对数函数 logarithmic function三角函数 trigonometric function反三角函数 inverse trigonometric function 常数函数 constant function双曲函数 hyperbolic function双曲正弦 hyperbolic sine双曲余弦 hyperbolic cosine双曲正切 hyperbolic tangent反双曲正弦 inverse hyperbolic sine反双曲余弦 inverse hyperbolic cosine反双曲正切 inverse hyperbolic tangent极限 limit数列 sequence of number收敛 convergence收敛于 a converge to a发散 divergent极限的唯一性 uniqueness of limits收敛数列的有界性 boundedness of a convergent sequence子列 subsequence函数的极限 limits of functions函数当x趋于x0时的极限 limit of functions as x approaches x0左极限 left limit右极限 right limit单侧极限 one-sided limits水平渐近线 horizontal asymptote无穷小 infinitesimal无穷大 infinity铅直渐近线 vertical asymptote夹逼准则 squeeze rule单调数列 monotonic sequence高阶无穷小 infinitesimal of higher order低阶无穷小 infinitesimal of lower order同阶无穷小 infinitesimal of the same order作者：新少年特工 2007-10-8 18:37 回复此发言--------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 高等数学-翻译等阶无穷小 equivalent infinitesimal函数的连续性 continuity of a function增量 increment函数在x0连续 the function is continuous at x0左连续 left continuous右连续 right continuous区间上的连续函数 continuous function函数在该区间上连续 function is continuous on an interval不连续点 discontinuity point第一类间断点 discontinuity point of the first kind第二类间断点 discontinuity point of the second kind初等函数的连续性 continuity of the elementary functions定义区间 defined interval最大值 global maximum value (absolute maximum)最小值 global minimum value (absolute minimum)零点定理 the zero point theorem介值定理 intermediate value theorem第二章导数与微分Chapter2 Derivative and Differential速度 velocity匀速运动 uniform motion平均速度 average velocity瞬时速度 instantaneous velocity圆的切线 tangent line of a circle切线 tangent line切线的斜率 slope of the tangent line位置函数 position function导数 derivative可导 derivable函数的变化率问题 problem of the change rate of a function导函数 derived function左导数 left-hand derivative右导数 right-hand derivative单侧导数 one-sided derivatives在闭区间【a,b】上可导 is derivable on the closed interval [a,b] 切线方程 tangent equation角速度 angular velocity成本函数 cost function边际成本 marginal cost链式法则 chain rule隐函数 implicit function显函数 explicit function二阶函数 second derivative三阶导数 third derivative高阶导数 nth derivative莱布尼茨公式 Leibniz formula对数求导法 log- derivative参数方程 parametric equation相关变化率 correlative change rata微分 differential可微的 differentiable函数的微分 differential of function自变量的微分 differential of independent variable微商 differential quotient间接测量误差 indirect measurement error绝对误差 absolute error相对误差 relative error第三章微分中值定理与导数的应用Chapter3 MeanValue Theorem of Differentials and the Application of Derivatives罗马定理Rolle’s theorem费马引理Fermat’s lemma拉格朗日中值定理Lagrange’s mean value theorem驻点 stationary point稳定点 stable point临界点 critical point辅助函数 auxiliary function拉格朗日中值公式Lagrange’s mean value formula柯西中值定理Cauchy’s mean value theorem洛必达法则L’Hospital’s Rule0/0型不定式 indeterminate form of type 0/0不定式 indeterminate form泰勒中值定理Taylor’s mean value theorem泰勒公式 Taylor formula余项 remainder term拉格朗日余项 Lagrange remainder term麦克劳林公式Maclaurin’s formula佩亚诺公式 Peano remainder term凹凸性 concavity凹向上的 concave upward, cancave up凹向下的，向上凸的concave downward’ concave down拐点 inflection point函数的极值 extremum of function极大值 local(relative) maximum最大值 global(absolute) mximum极小值 local(relative) minimum最小值 global(absolute) minimum目标函数 objective function曲率 curvature弧微分 arc differential平均曲率 average curvature曲率园 circle of curvature曲率中心 center of curvature曲率半径 radius of curvature渐屈线 evolute渐伸线 involute根的隔离 isolation of root隔离区间 isolation interval切线法 tangent line method第四章不定积分Chapter4 Indefinite Integrals原函数 primitive function(antiderivative)积分号 sign of integration被积函数 integrand积分变量 integral variable积分曲线 integral curve积分表 table of integrals换元积分法 integration by substitution分部积分法 integration by parts分部积分公式 formula of integration by parts有理函数 rational function真分式 proper fraction假分式 improper fraction第五章定积分Chapter5 Definite Integrals曲边梯形 trapezoid with曲边 curve edge窄矩形 narrow rectangle曲边梯形的面积 area of trapezoid with curved edge积分下限 lower limit of integral积分上限 upper limit of integral积分区间 integral interval分割 partition积分和 integral sum可积 integrable矩形法 rectangle method积分中值定理 mean value theorem of integrals函数在区间上的平均值 average value of a function on an integvals 牛顿－莱布尼茨公式 Newton-Leibniz formula微积分基本公式 fundamental formula of calculus换元公式 formula for integration by substitution递推公式 recurrence formula反常积分 improper integral反常积分发散 the improper integral is divergent反常积分收敛 the improper integral is convergent无穷限的反常积分 improper integral on an infinite interval无界函数的反常积分 improper integral of unbounded functions绝对收敛 absolutely convergent第六章定积分的应用Chapter6 Applications of the Definite Integrals元素法 the element method面积元素 element of area平面图形的面积 area of a luane figure直角坐标又称“笛卡儿坐标(Cartesian coordinates)”极坐标 polar coordinates抛物线 parabola椭圆 ellipse旋转体的面积 volume of a solid of rotation旋转椭球体 ellipsoid of revolution, ellipsoid of rotation 曲线的弧长 arc length of acurve可求长的 rectifiable光滑 smooth功 work水压力 water pressure引力 gravitation变力 variable force第七章空间解析几何与向量代数Chapter7 Space Analytic Geometry and Vector Algebra向量 vector自由向量 free vector单位向量 unit vector零向量 zero vector相等 equal平行 parallel向量的线性运算 linear poeration of vector三角法则 triangle rule平行四边形法则 parallelogram rule交换律 commutative law结合律 associative law负向量 negative vector差 difference分配律 distributive law空间直角坐标系 space rectangular coordinates坐标面 coordinate plane卦限 octant向量的模 modulus of vector向量a与b的夹角 angle between vector a and b方向余弦 direction cosine方向角 direction angle向量在轴上的投影 projection of a vector onto an axis数量积，外积，叉积 scalar product,dot product,inner product 曲面方程 equation for a surface球面 sphere旋转曲面 surface of revolution母线 generating line轴 axis圆锥面 cone顶点 vertex旋转单叶双曲面 revolution hyperboloids of one sheet旋转双叶双曲面 revolution hyperboloids of two sheets柱面 cylindrical surface ,cylinder圆柱面 cylindrical surface准线 directrix抛物柱面 parabolic cylinder二次曲面 quadric surface椭圆锥面 dlliptic cone椭球面 ellipsoid单叶双曲面 hyperboloid of one sheet双叶双曲面 hyperboloid of two sheets旋转椭球面 ellipsoid of revolution椭圆抛物面 elliptic paraboloid旋转抛物面 paraboloid of revolution双曲抛物面 hyperbolic paraboloid马鞍面 saddle surface椭圆柱面 elliptic cylinder双曲柱面 hyperbolic cylinder抛物柱面 parabolic cylinder空间曲线 space curve空间曲线的一般方程 general form equations of a space curve 空间曲线的参数方程 parametric equations of a space curve 螺转线 spiral螺矩 pitch投影柱面 projecting cylinder投影 projection平面的点法式方程 pointnorm form eqyation of a plane法向量 normal vector平面的一般方程 general form equation of a plane两平面的夹角 angle between two planes点到平面的距离 distance from a point to a plane空间直线的一般方程 general equation of a line in space方向向量 direction vector直线的点向式方程 pointdirection form equations of a line 方向数 direction number直线的参数方程 parametric equations of a line两直线的夹角 angle between two lines垂直 perpendicular直线与平面的夹角 angle between a line and a planes平面束 pencil of planes平面束的方程 equation of a pencil of planes行列式 determinant系数行列式 coefficient determinant第八章多元函数微分法及其应用Chapter8 Differentiation of Functions of Several Variables and Its Application一元函数 function of one variable多元函数 function of several variables内点 interior point外点 exterior point边界点 frontier point,boundary point聚点 point of accumulation开集 openset闭集 closed set连通集 connected set开区域 open region闭区域 closed region有界集 bounded set无界集 unbounded setn维空间 n-dimentional space二重极限 double limit多元函数的连续性 continuity of function of seveal连续函数 continuous function不连续点 discontinuity point一致连续 uniformly continuous偏导数 partial derivative对自变量x的偏导数 partial derivative with respect to independent variable x高阶偏导数 partial derivative of higher order二阶偏导数 second order partial derivative混合偏导数 hybrid partial derivative全微分 total differential偏增量 oartial increment偏微分 partial differential全增量 total increment可微分 differentiable必要条件 necessary condition充分条件 sufficient condition叠加原理 superpostition principle全导数 total derivative中间变量 intermediate variable隐函数存在定理 theorem of the existence of implicit function曲线的切向量 tangent vector of a curve法平面 normal plane向量方程 vector equation向量值函数 vector-valued function切平面 tangent plane法线 normal line方向导数 directional derivative梯度 gradient数量场 scalar field梯度场 gradient field向量场 vector field势场 potential field引力场 gravitational field引力势 gravitational potential曲面在一点的切平面 tangent plane to a surface at a point曲线在一点的法线 normal line to a surface at a point无条件极值 unconditional extreme values条件极值 conditional extreme values拉格朗日乘数法 Lagrange multiplier method拉格朗日乘子 Lagrange multiplier经验公式 empirical formula最小二乘法 method of least squares均方误差 mean square error第九章重积分Chapter9 Multiple Integrals二重积分 double integral可加性 additivity累次积分 iterated integral体积元素 volume element三重积分 triple integral直角坐标系中的体积元素 volume element in rectangular coordinate system 柱面坐标 cylindrical coordinates柱面坐标系中的体积元素 volume element in cylindrical coordinate system 球面坐标 spherical coordinates球面坐标系中的体积元素 volume element in spherical coordinate system 反常二重积分 improper double integral曲面的面积 area of a surface质心 centre of mass静矩 static moment密度 density形心 centroid转动惯量 moment of inertia参变量 parametric variable第十章曲线积分与曲面积分Chapter10 Line(Curve)Integrals and Surface Integrals对弧长的曲线积分 line integrals with respect to arc hength第一类曲线积分 line integrals of the first type对坐标的曲线积分 line integrals with respect to x,y,and z第二类曲线积分 line integrals of the second type有向曲线弧 directed arc单连通区域 simple connected region复连通区域 complex connected region格林公式 Green formula第一类曲面积分 surface integrals of the first type对面的曲面积分 surface integrals with respect to area有向曲面 directed surface对坐标的曲面积分 surface integrals with respect to coordinate elements 第二类曲面积分 surface integrals of the second type有向曲面元 element of directed surface高斯公式 gauss formula拉普拉斯算子 Laplace operator格林第一公式Green’s first formula通量 flux散度 divergence斯托克斯公式 Stokes formula环流量 circulation旋度 rotation,curl第十一章无穷级数Chapter11 Infinite Series一般项 general term部分和 partial sum余项 remainder term等比级数 geometric series几何级数 geometric series公比 common ratio调和级数 harmonic series柯西收敛准则Cauchy convergence criteria, Cauchy criteria for convergence正项级数 series of positive terms达朗贝尔判别法D’Alembert test柯西判别法 Cauchy test交错级数 alternating series绝对收敛 absolutely convergent条件收敛 conditionally convergent柯西乘积 Cauchy product函数项级数 series of functions发散点 point of divergence收敛点 point of convergence收敛域 convergence domain和函数 sum function幂级数 power series幂级数的系数 coeffcients of power series阿贝尔定理 Abel Theorem收敛半径 radius of convergence收敛区间 interval of convergence泰勒级数 Taylor series麦克劳林级数 Maclaurin series二项展开式 binomial expansion近似计算 approximate calculation舍入误差 round-off error,rounding error欧拉公式Euler’s formula魏尔斯特拉丝判别法 Weierstrass test三角级数 trigonometric series振幅 amplitude角频率 angular frequency初相 initial phase矩形波 square wave谐波分析 harmonic analysis直流分量 direct component基波 fundamental wave二次谐波 second harmonic三角函数系 trigonometric function system傅立叶系数 Fourier coefficient傅立叶级数 Forrier series周期延拓 periodic prolongation正弦级数 sine series余弦级数 cosine series奇延拓 odd prolongation偶延拓 even prolongation傅立叶级数的复数形式 complex form of Fourier series第十二章微分方程Chapter12 Differential Equation解微分方程 solve a dirrerential equation常微分方程 ordinary differential equation偏微分方程 partial differential equation,PDE微分方程的阶 order of a differential equation微分方程的解 solution of a differential equation微分方程的通解 general solution of a differential equation初始条件 initial condition微分方程的特解 particular solution of a differential equation初值问题 initial value problem微分方程的积分曲线 integral curve of a differential equation可分离变量的微分方程 variable separable differential equation隐式解 implicit solution隐式通解 inplicit general solution衰变系数 decay coefficient衰变 decay齐次方程 homogeneous equation一阶线性方程 linear differential equation of first order非齐次 non-homogeneous齐次线性方程 homogeneous linear equation非齐次线性方程 non-homogeneous linear equation常数变易法 method of variation of constant暂态电流 transient stata current稳态电流 steady state current伯努利方程 Bernoulli equation全微分方程 total differential equation积分因子 integrating factor高阶微分方程 differential equation of higher order悬链线 catenary高阶线性微分方程 linera differential equation of higher order自由振动的微分方程 differential equation of free vibration强迫振动的微分方程 differential equation of forced oscillation串联电路的振荡方程 oscillation equation of series circuit二阶线性微分方程 second order linera differential equation线性相关 linearly dependence线性无关 linearly independce二阶常系数齐次线性微分方程 second order homogeneour linear differential equation with constant coefficient二阶变系数齐次线性微分方程 second order homogeneous linear differential equation with variable coefficient特征方程 characteristic equation无阻尼自由振动的微分方程 differential equation of free vibration with zero damping固有频率 natural frequency简谐振动 simple harmonic oscillation,simple harmonic vibration微分算子 differential operator待定系数法 method of undetermined coefficient共振现象 resonance phenomenon欧拉方程 Euler equation幂级数解法 power series solution数值解法 numerial solution勒让德方程 Legendre equation微分方程组 system of differential equations常系数线性微分方程组system of linera differential equations with constant coefficientV、X、Z:Value of function ：函数值Variable ：变数Vector ：向量Velocity ：速度Vertical asymptote ：垂直渐近线Volume ：体积X-axis ：x轴x-coordinate ：x坐标x-intercept ：x截距Zero vector ：函数的零点Zeros of a polynomial ：多项式的零点T:Tangent function ：正切函数Tangent line ：切线Tangent plane ：切平面Tangent vector ：切向量Total differential ：全微分Trigonometric function ：三角函数Trigonometric integrals ：三角积分Trigonometric substitutions ：三角代换法Tripe integrals ：三重积分S:Saddle point ：鞍点Scalar ：纯量Secant line ：割线Second derivative ：二阶导数Second Derivative Test ：二阶导数试验法Second partial derivative ：二阶偏导数Sector ：扇形Sequence ：数列Series ：级数Set ：集合Shell method ：剥壳法Sine function ：正弦函数Singularity ：奇点Slant asymptote ：斜渐近线Slope ：斜率Slope-intercept equation of a line ：直线的斜截式Smooth curve ：平滑曲线Smooth surface ：平滑曲面Solid of revolution ：旋转体Space ：空间Speed ：速率Spherical coordinates ：球面坐标Squeeze Theorem ：夹挤定理Step function ：阶梯函数Strictly decreasing ：严格递减Strictly increasing ：严格递增Sum ：和Surface ：曲面Surface integral ：面积分Surface of revolution ：旋转曲面Symmetry ：对称R:Radius of convergence ：收敛半径Range of a function ：函数的值域Rate of change ：变化率Rational function ：有理函数Rationalizing substitution ：有理代换法Rational number ：有理数Real number ：实数Rectangular coordinates ：直角坐标Rectangular coordinate system ：直角坐标系Relative maximum and minimum ：相对极大值与极小值Revenue function ：收入函数Revolution , solid of ：旋转体Revolution , surface of ：旋转曲面Riemann Sum ：黎曼和Riemannian geometry ：黎曼几何Right-hand derivative ：右导数Right-hand limit ：右极限Root ：根P、Q:Parabola ：拋物线Parabolic cylinder ：抛物柱面Paraboloid ：抛物面Parallelepiped ：平行六面体Parallel lines ：并行线Parameter ：参数Partial derivative ：偏导数Partial differential equation ：偏微分方程Partial fractions ：部分分式Partial integration ：部分积分Partiton ：分割Period ：周期Periodic function ：周期函数Perpendicular lines ：垂直线Piecewise defined function ：分段定义函数Plane ：平面Point of inflection ：反曲点Polar axis ：极轴Polar coordinate ：极坐标Polar equation ：极方程式Pole ：极点Polynomial ：多项式Positive angle ：正角Point-slope form ：点斜式Power function ：幂函数Product ：积Quadrant ：象限Quotient Law of limit ：极限的商定律Quotient Rule ：商定律M、N、O:Maximum and minimum values ：极大与极小值Mean Value Theorem ：均值定理Multiple integrals ：重积分Multiplier ：乘子Natural exponential function ：自然指数函数Natural logarithm function ：自然对数函数Natural number ：自然数Normal line ：法线Normal vector ：法向量Number ：数Octant ：卦限Odd function ：奇函数One-sided limit ：单边极限Open interval ：开区间Optimization problems ：最佳化问题Order ：阶Ordinary differential equation ：常微分方程Origin ：原点Orthogonal ：正交的L:Laplace transform ：Leplace 变换Law of Cosines ：余弦定理Least upper bound ：最小上界Left-hand derivative ：左导数Left-hand limit ：左极限Lemniscate ：双钮线Length ：长度Level curve ：等高线L'Hospital's rule ：洛必达法则Limacon ：蚶线Limit ：极限Linear approximation：线性近似Linear equation ：线性方程式Linear function ：线性函数Linearity ：线性Linearization ：线性化Line in the plane ：平面上之直线Line in space ：空间之直线Lobachevski geometry ：罗巴切夫斯基几何Local extremum ：局部极值Local maximum and minimum ：局部极大值与极小值Logarithm ：对数Logarithmic function ：对数函数I:Implicit differentiation ：隐求导法Implicit function ：隐函数Improper integral ：瑕积分Increasing/Decreasing Test ：递增或递减试验法Increment ：增量Increasing Function ：增函数Indefinite integral ：不定积分Independent variable ：自变数Indeterminate from ：不定型Inequality ：不等式Infinite point ：无穷极限Infinite series ：无穷级数Inflection point ：反曲点Instantaneous velocity ：瞬时速度Integer ：整数Integral ：积分Integrand ：被积分式Integration ：积分Integration by part ：分部积分法Intercepts ：截距Intermediate value of Theorem ：中间值定理Interval ：区间Inverse function ：反函数Inverse trigonometric function ：反三角函数Iterated integral ：逐次积分H:Higher mathematics 高等数学/高数E、F、G、H:Ellipse ：椭圆Ellipsoid ：椭圆体Epicycloid ：外摆线Equation ：方程式Even function ：偶函数Expected Valued ：期望值Exponential Function ：指数函数Exponents , laws of ：指数率Extreme value ：极值Extreme Value Theorem ：极值定理Factorial ：阶乘First Derivative Test ：一阶导数试验法First octant ：第一卦限Focus ：焦点Fractions ：分式Function ：函数Fundamental Theorem of Calculus ：微积分基本定理Geometric series ：几何级数Gradient ：梯度Graph ：图形Green Formula ：格林公式Half-angle formulas ：半角公式Harmonic series ：调和级数Helix ：螺旋线Higher Derivative ：高阶导数Horizontal asymptote ：水平渐近线。
专业用语中英文对照
组装、冲压、喷漆、塑料成型等机械专业词汇Assembly line组装线Layout布置图Conveyer流水线物料板Rivet table拉钉机Rivet gun拉钉枪Screw driver起子Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA开箱检查fit together组装在一起fasten锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet栈板barcode条形码barcode scanner条形码扫描仪fuse together熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME制造工程师MT制造生技cosmetic inspect外观检查inner parts inspect内部检查thumb screw大头螺丝lbs镑inch英寸EMI gasket导电条front plate前板rear plate后板chassis基座bezel panel面板power button电源按键reset button重置键Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS电源电压接柆键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts塑料件SOP (Standard OperatingProcedure) 制造作业程序material check list物料检查表work cell工作间trolley台车carton纸箱sub-line支线left fork叉车Personnel resourcedepartment人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer刨床miller铣床grinder磨床driller钻床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=riveting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager=vicemanager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor=vicesection supervisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturingprocedure制程不良oxidation氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位1stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓name of a department部门名称administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzer蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单screwdriver holder起子插座pedal踩踏板stopper阻挡器flow board流水板hydraulic handjack油压板车forklift叉车pallet栈板glove(s)手套glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套thumb大拇指forefinger食指midfinger中指ring finger无名指little finger小指band-aid创可贴industrial alcohol工业酒精alcohol container沾湿台head of screwdriver起子头sweeper扫把mop拖把vacuum cleaner吸尘器rag 抹布garbage container灰箕garbage can垃圾箱garbage bag垃圾袋chain链条jack升降机production line流水线chain链条槽magnetizer加磁器lamp holder灯架to mop the floor拖地to clean the floor扫地to clean a table擦桌子air pipe 气管packaging tool打包机packaging打包missing part漏件wrong part错件excessive defects过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷not up to standard不合规格dimension/size is a little bigger尺寸偏大(小)cosmetic defect外观不良slipped screw head/slipperyscrew head螺丝滑头slipped screw head/slipperyscrew thread滑手speckle斑点mildewed=moldy=mouldy发霉rust生锈deformation变形burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边poor staking铆合不良excessive gap间隙过大grease/oil stains油污inclusion杂质painting peel off脏污shrinking/shrinkage缩水mixed color杂色scratch划伤poor processing 制程不良poor incoming part事件不良fold of packaging belt打包带折皱painting make-up补漆discoloration羿色water spots水渍polishing/surface processing表面处理exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露lack of painting烤漆不到位safety安全quality品质delivery deadline交货期cost成本engineering工程die repair模修enterprise plan = enterpriseexpansion projects企划QC品管die worker模工production, to produce生产equipment设备to start a press开机stop/switch off a press关机classification整理regulation整顿cleanness清扫conservation清洁culture教养qualified products, up-to-gradeproducts良品defective products, notup-to-grade products不良品waste废料board广告牌feeder送料机sliding rack滑料架defective product box不良品箱die change 换模to fix a die装模to take apart a die拆模to repair a die修模2packing material包材basket蝴蝶竺plastic basket胶筐isolating plate baffle plate; barricade隔板carton box纸箱to pull and stretch拉深to put material in place, to cut material, to input落料to impose lines压线to compress, compressing压缩character die字模to feed, feeding送料transportation运输(be)qualified, up to grade合格not up to grade, not qualified不合格material change, stock change 材料变更feature change 特性变更evaluation评估prepare for, make preparations for 准备parameters参数rotating speed, revolution转速manufacture management制造管理abnormal handling异常处理production unit生产单位lots of production生产批量steel plate钢板roll material卷料manufacture procedure制程operation procedure作业流程to revise, modify修订to switch over to, switch---to throw--over switching over切换engineering, project difficulty工程瓶颈stage die工程模automation自动化to stake, staking, riveting铆合add lubricating oil加润滑油shut die架模shut height of a die架模高度analog-mode device类模器die lifter举模器argon welding氩焊Vocabulary for stamping冲压常词汇stamping, press冲压punch press, dieing out press冲床uncoiler & straightener整平机feeder送料机rack, shelf, stack料架cylinder油缸robot机械手taker取料机conveyer belt输送带transmission rack输送架top stop上死点bottom stop下死点one stroke一行程inch寸动to continue, cont.连动to grip(material)吸料location lump, locating piece,block stop 定位块reset复位smoothly顺利dent压痕scratch刮伤deformation变形filings铁削to draw holes抽孔inquiry, search for查寻to stock, storage, in stock库存receive领取approval examine and verify审核processing, to process加工delivery, to deliver 交货To return delivery to. to senddelivery back to return of goods退货registration登记registration card登记卡to control管制to put forward and hand in提报safe stock安全库存acceptance = receive验收to notice通知application form for purchase请购单consume, consumption消耗to fill in填写abrasion磨损reverse angle = chamfer倒角character die字模to collect, to gather收集failure, trouble故障statistics统计demand and supply需求career card履历卡to take apart a die卸下模具to load a die装上模具to tight a bolt拧紧螺栓to looser a bolt拧松螺栓to move away a die plate移走范本easily damaged parts易损件standard parts标准件Breaking. (be)broken,(be)cracked断裂to lubricate润滑common vocabulary for dieengineering模具工程常用词汇die 模具figure file, chart file图檔cutting die, blanking die冲裁模Progressive die, follow (-on)die连续模compound die复合模punched hole冲孔panel board镶块to cut edges=side cut=side scrap切边to bending折弯to pull, to stretch拉伸Line stretching, line pulling线拉伸engraving, to engrave刻印3upsiding down edges翻边to stake铆合designing, to design设计design modification设计变化die block模块folded block折弯块sliding block滑块location pin定位销lifting pin顶料销die plate, front board范本padding block垫块stepping bar垫条upper die base上模座lower die base下模座upper supporting blank上承板upper padding plate blank上垫板spare dies模具备品spring 弹簧bolt螺栓document folder活页夹file folder资料夹to put file in order整理资料spare tools location手工备品仓first count初盘人first check初盘复棹人second count 复盘人second check复盘复核人equipment设备waste materials废料work in progress product在制品casing = containerization装箱quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量Quantity of customs count会计师盘,点数量the first page第一联filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查end-user/usingunit(department)使用单位Summary of year-end physical inventory bills年终盘点截止单据汇总表bill name单据名称This sheet and physicalinventory list will be sent toaccounting departmenttogether (Those of NHK will besent to financial department)本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部)Application status records ofyear-end physical inventoryList and physical inventorycard 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表Blank and waste sheet NO.空白与作废单号plate电镀mold成型material for engineering moldtesting工程试模材料not included in physicalinventory不列入盘点sample样品incoming material to beinspected进货待验description品名steel/rolled steel钢材Material statistics sheet物料统计明细表meeting minutes会议记录meeting type 会别distribution department分发单位location地点chairman主席present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by /prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly productionschedule sheetPCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门Stock age analysis sheet库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞To be inspected or reworked待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表notes说明Year-end physical inventorydifference analysis sheet年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity账面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-goodparts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库4on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button 圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkali dipping脱脂(浸碱去油脂)main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬de-smut剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条形码flow chart流程窗体assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate坐标dismantle the die折模auxiliary function辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾de-rusting machine除锈机de-gate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕疪shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕de-lamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车mill锉plane刨grind磨drill钻boring镗blister气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式roller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄5crank shaft曲柄轴angular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化alloy合金tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机模具工程类plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模progressive die连续模gang dies复合模shearing die剪边模riveting die铆合模pierce冲孔forming成型(抽凸,冲凸)draw hole抽孔bending折弯trim切边emboss凸点dome凸圆semi-shearing半剪stamp mark冲记号deburr or coin压毛边punch riveting冲压铆合side stretch侧冲压平reel stretch卷圆压平groove压线blanking下料stamp letter冲字(料号)shearing剪断tick-mark nearside正面压印tick-mark farside反面压印冲压名称类extension dwg展开图procedure dwg工程图die structure dwg模具结构图material材质material thickness料片厚度factor系数upward向上downward向下press specification冲床规格die height range适用模高die height闭模高度burr毛边gap间隙weight重量total wt.总重量punch wt.上模重量五金零件类inner guiding post内导柱inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉dowel pin固定销coil spring弹簧lifter pin顶料销eq-height sleeves=spool等高套筒pin销lifter guide pin浮升导料销guide pin导正销wire spring圆线弹簧outer guiding post外导柱stop screw止付螺丝located pin定位销outer bush外导套范本类top plate上托板（顶板）top block上垫脚punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板male die公模(凸模)feature die公母模female die母模(凹模)upper plate上范本lower plate下范本die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate下托板(底板)stripping plate内外打(脱料板)outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper下脱料板零件类punch冲头insert入块(嵌入件)de-burring punch压毛边冲子groove punch压线冲子stamped punch字模冲子round punch圆冲子special shape punch异形冲子bending block折刀roller滚轴baffle plate挡块located block定位块Supporting block for location定位支承块air cushion plate气垫板air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆trimming punch切边冲子stiffening rib punch = stinger加强筋冲子ribbon punch压筋冲子reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子guide plate定位板sliding block滑块sliding dowel block滑块固定块6active plate活动板lower sliding plate下滑块板upper holder block上压块upper mid plate上中间板spring box弹簧箱spring-box eject-rod弹簧箱顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套cover plate盖板guide pad导料块塑件&模具相关英文compression molding压缩成型flash mold溢流式模具positive mold挤压式模具split mold分割式模具cavity型控母模core模心公模taper锥拔leather cloak仿皮革shiver饰纹flow mark流痕welding mark溶合痕post screw insert螺纹套筒埋值self tapping screw自攻螺丝striper plate脱料板piston活塞cylinder汽缸套chip细碎物handle mold掌上型模具移转成型用模具encapsulation molding低压封装成型射出成型用模具two plate两极式（模具）well type蓄料井insulated runner绝缘浇道方式hot runner热浇道runner plat浇道模块valve gate阀门浇口band heater环带状的电热器spindle阀针spear head刨尖头slag well冷料井cold slag冷料渣air vent排气道h=0.02~0.05mmw=3.2mmL=3~5mmwelding line熔合痕eject pin顶出针knock pin顶出销return pin回位销反顶针sleeve套筒stripper plate脱料板insert core放置入子runner stripper plate浇道脱料板guide pin导销eject rod (bar)（成型机）顶业捧subzero深冷处理three plate三极式模具runner system浇道系统stress crack应力电裂orientation定向squirt gate射料浇口，直浇口nozzle射嘴squirt lock pin料头钩销(拉料杆)slag well冷料井side gate侧浇口edge gate侧缘浇口tab gate搭接浇口film gate薄膜浇口flash gate闸门浇口slit gate缝隙浇口fan gate扇形浇口dish gate因盘形浇口H=F=1/2t~1/5tT=2.5~3.5mmdiaphragm gate隔膜浇口ring gate环形浇口submarine gate潜入式浇口tunnel gate隧道式浇口pin gate针点浇口Φ0.8~1.0mmRunner less无浇道(squirt less)无射料管方式long nozzle延长喷嘴方式7质量人员名称类QC quality control 品质管理人员FQC final quality control 终点质量管理人员IPQC in process quality control 制程中的质量管理人员OQC output quality control 最终出货质量管理人员IQC incoming quality control 进料质量管理人员TQC total quality control 全面质量管理PQC passage quality control 段检人员QA quality assurance 质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering 质量工程人员质量保证类FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查FAA first article assurance 首件确认TVR tool verification report 模具确认报告3B 3B (3 tooling booking items) 模具正式投产前确认(压力、温度/油,水、料) CP capability index 能力指数CPK capability index of process 模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality 合格供货商质量评估OOBA out of box audit 开箱检查QFD quality function deployment 质量机能展开FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析8D 8 disciplines 8项回复内容FA final audit 最后一次稽核CAR corrective action request 改正行动要求corrective action report 改正行动报告FQC运作类AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收质量水平S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小ACC Accept 允收REE Reject 拒收CR Critical 极严重的MAJ Major 主要的MIN Minor 轻微的AOQ Average Output Quality 平均出厂质量AOQL Average Output Quality Level 平均出厂质量Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 质量/可靠度服务MIL-STD Military-Standard 军用标准S I-S IV Special I-Special IV 特殊抽样水平等级8P/N Part Number 料号L/N Lot Number 特采AOD Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 首件检查报告FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 百万分之一PPM Percent Per Million 批号制程统计品管专类SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计质量管理R Range 全距AR Average Range 全距平均值UCL Upper Central Limit 管制上限LCL Lower Central Limit 管制下限MAX Maximum 最大值MIN Minimum 最小值GRR Gauge Reproducibility & Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸DIA Diameter 直径FREQ Frequency 频率N Number 样品数其它质量术语类QCC Quality Control Circle 品质圈QIT Quality Improvement Team 质量改善小组PDCA Plan Do Check Action 计划执行检查总结ZD Zero Defect 零缺点QI Quality Improvement 质量改善QP Quality Policy 目标方针TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理MRB Material Reject Bill 退货单LQL Limiting Quality Level 最低质量水平RMA Return Material Audit 退料认可QAN Quality Ameliorate Notice 质量改善活动ADM Absolute Dimension Measurement 全尺寸测量QT Quality Target 质量目标7QCTools 7 Quality Control Tools 品管七大手法通用之件类ECN Engineering Change Notes 工程变更通知(供货商)ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求(客户)PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划9SIP Specification In Process 制程检验规格SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单PS Package Specification 包装规范SPEC Specification 规格DWG Drawing 图面系统文件类QC Quality System 质量系统ES Engineering Standardization 工程标准CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件H Huston (美国)休斯敦C Compaq (美国)康伯公司C China 中国大陆A Assembly 组装(厂)S Stamping 冲压(厂)P Painting 烤漆(厂)I Intel 英特尔公司T TAIWAN 台湾IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织GS General Specification 一般规格CMCS C-China M-Manufact C-Compaq S-Stamping Compaq产品在龙华冲压厂制造作业规范CQCA Q-Quality A-Assembly Compaq产品在龙华组装厂品管作业规范CQCP P-Painting Compaq产品在龙华烤漆厂品管作业规范部类PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制MC Material Control 物料控制ME Manufacture Engineering 制造工程部PE Project Engineering 产品工程部A/C Accountant Dept 会计部P/A Personal & Administration 人事行政部DC Document Center 资料中心QE Quality Engineering 质量工程(部)QA Quality Assurance 质量保证(处)QC Quality Control 质量管理(课)PD Product Department 生产部LAB Laboratory 实验室10IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程R&D Research & Design 设计开发部P Painting 烤漆(厂)A Assembly 组装(厂)S Stamping 冲压(厂)生产类PCS Pieces 个(根,块等)PRS Pairs 双(对等)CTN Carton 卡通箱PAL Pallet/skid 栈板PO Purchasing Order 采购订单MO Manufacture Order 生产单D/C Date Code 生产日期码ID/C Identification Code (供货商)识别码SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求L/N Lot Number 批号P/N Part Number 料号其它OEM Original Equipment Manufacture 原设备制造PCE Personal Computer Enclosure 个人计算机外设PC Personal Computer 个人计算机CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理器SECC SECC` 电解片SGCC SGCC 热浸镀锌材料NHK North of Hong Kong 中国大陆PRC People's Republic of China 中国大陆U.S.A the United States of America 美国A.S.A.P As Soon As Possible 尽可能快的E-MAIL Electrical-Mail 电子邮件N/A Not Applicable 不适用QTY Quantity 数量vs. versus 以及.REV Revision 版本JIT Just In Time 零库存I/O Input/Output 输入/输出OK OK 好NG Not Good 不行,不合格C=0 Critical=0 极严重不允许ESD Electro Static Discharge 静电排放5S 希腊语整理,整顿,清扫,清洁,教养11ATIN Attention 知会CC Carbon Copy 副本复印相关人员APP Approve 核准,认可,承认CHK Check 确认AM Ante Meridian 上午PM Post Meridian 下午CD Compact Disk 光盘CD-ROM Compact Disk Read-Only Memory 只读光盘FDD Floppy Disk Drive 软盘机HDD Hard Disk Drive 碟碟机REF Reference 仅供参考CONN Connector 连接器CAV Cavity 模穴CAD Computer Aid Design 计算器辅助设计ASS'Y Assembly 装配,组装MAT'S Material 材料IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路T/P True Position 真位度TYP Type 类型WDR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出货需求C/T Cycle Time 制程周期L/T Lead Time 前置时间(生产前准备时间)S/T Standard Time 标准时间P/M Product Market 产品市场3C Computer, Communication, Consumer electronics’消费性电子5WIH When, Where, Who, What, Why, How to5M Man, Machine, Material, Method, Measurement4MIH Man, Material, Money, Method, Time 人力,物力,财务,技术,时间(资源) SQA Strategy Quality Assurance 策略质量保证DQA Design Quality Assurance 设计质量保证MQA Manufacture Quality Assurance 制造质量保证SSQA Sales and service Quality Assurance 销售及服务质量保证LRR Lot Reject Rate 批退率BS Brain storming 脑力激荡EMI Electronic Magnetron Inspect 高磁测试FMI Frequency Modulator Inspect 高频测试B/M Board/Molding (flat cable)C/P Connector of PCA/P Assembly of PCSPS Switching power supply 电源箱12DT Desk Top 卧式(机箱)MT Mini-Tower 立式(机箱)DVD Digital Video DiskVCD Video Compact DiskLCD Liquid Crystal DisplayCAD Computer AID DesignCAM Computer AID ManufacturingCAE Computer AID EngineeringABIOS Advanced Basic in put/output system 先进的基本输入/输出系统CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor 互补金属氧化物半导体PDA Personal Digital Assistant 个人数字助理IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路ISA Industry Standard Architecture 工业标准体制结构MCA Micro Channel Architecture 微信道结构EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture 扩充的工业标准结构SIMM Single in-line memory module 单项导通汇流组件DIMM Dual in-line Memory Module 双项导通汇流组件LED Light-Emitting Diode 发光二级管FMEA Failure Mode Effectiveness 失效模式分析W/H Wire Harness 金属线绪束集组件F/C Flat Cable 排线FFC Flexible Flat Cable 软式平板线材PCB Printed Circuit Board 印刷电路板CAR Correction Action Report 改善报告NG Not Good 不良WPR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出货要求PPM Parts Per Million 百万分之一TPM Total Production Maintenance 全面生产保养MRP Material Requirement Planning 物料需计划OC Operation System 操作系统TBA To Be Design 待定,定缺D/C Drawing ChangeP/P Plans & ProcedureEMI Electrical-Music Industry 电子音乐工业RFI Read Frequency Input 读频输入MMC Maximum Material ConditionMMS Maximum Material SizeLMC Least Material ConditionLMS Least Material SizeSMT Surface Mount Technology 表面黏着技术13ICT in Circuit TestAOI Automatic Optical InspectionV/I Visual Inspection14。
名词解释英文版
名词解释英文版1. Economy（经济）：指一个国家或地区在一定时期内生产、分配和消费商品和服务的总体活动。
2. Technology（技术）：指人类在改造自然和满足自身需求的过程中所创造的知识、方法和工具。
3. Environment（环境）：指人类生存和发展的自然条件和社会条件。
4. Education（教育）：指通过传授知识、培养能力和塑造人格，使个体和社会得到发展的过程。
5. Health（健康）：指个体在身体、心理和社会适应方面的良好状态。
6. Culture（文化）：指一个国家或地区在历史长河中形成的独特的生活方式、价值观念和艺术表现形式。
7. Politics（政治）：指国家或地区内部和外部权力关系的运作和管理。
8. Law（法律）：指由国家制定和实施的规范人们行为的规则和制度。
9. Society（社会）：指由一定数量的人组成的具有共同文化、价值观和生活方式的群体。
10. Art（艺术）：指人类在审美和情感表达方面所创造的各种形式的作品和活动。
重要工具。
通过学习这些名词的英文解释，我们可以更好地理解和参与国际交流与合作。
名词解释英文版11. Innovation（创新）：指在现有知识和技能的基础上，创造出新的产品、服务、方法或理念，以满足人类需求或解决问题。
12. Sustainability（可持续性）：指在满足当前世代需求的同时，不损害后代满足其需求的能力。
13. Diversity（多样性）：指在一个群体、组织或社会中，存在不同的观点、背景、文化、性别、年龄等特征。
14. Inequality（不平等）：指在资源、机会、权力或社会地位方面存在差异，导致某些人或群体处于不利地位。
15. Human rights（人权）：指人类在生存、发展、自由和尊严方面享有的基本权利，这些权利应受到国家和社会的保护。
16. Democracy（民主）：指一种政治制度，其中人民通过选举、投票等方式参与决策，政府权力来源于人民。
中英文对照名解整理
生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1.机体的内环境(internal environment)：指细胞生活的液体环境，即细胞外液。
2.稳态（homeostasis）：内环境的化学成分和理化性质保持相对稳定的状态。
3.反射(reflex)：指在中枢神经系统参与下，机体对内外环境的变化产生的适应性反应。
4.反射弧(reflex arc)：反射活动的结构基础称为反射弧，包括感受器、传入神经、神经中枢、传出神经和效应器。
5.旁分泌调节（paracrine regulation）：指激素等化学物质经组织液扩散，改变临近细胞活动的调节方式。
6.自身调节（autoregulation）：指内外环境变化时，组织、细胞不依赖于神经或体液调节而产生的适应性反应。
7.负反馈（negative feedback）：指在自动控制系统中，反馈调节使受控部分的活动向和它原先活动相反的方向改变。
8.正反馈（positive feedback）：指在自动控制系统中，反馈调节使受控部分的活动向和它原先活动相同的方向改变。
9.前馈(feed-forward)：指干扰信号对控制部分的直接作用，它能使输出变量在出现偏差而引起反馈性调节之前就能得到纠正。
第二章细胞的基本功能10. 被动转运（passive transport）：指物质依靠电化学驱动力或渗透压梯度进行不需要消耗生物能的跨膜转运过程。
11. 单纯扩散（simple diffusion）：指没有生物学转动机制参与的、简单的物理扩散。
12. 经载体易化扩散（facilitated diffusion via carrier）：水溶性小分子物质依靠膜上载体蛋白的介导，顺浓度梯度或（和）电位梯度的跨膜转运称为经载体易化扩散。
13. 经通道易化扩散（facilitated diffusion via ion channel）：离子或水依靠膜上通道蛋白的介导，顺电化学驱动力或依靠渗透压差的跨膜转运称为经通道易化扩散。
专业术语中英文对照
组装、冲压(stamping)、喷漆(painting)、成型（mold）等专业词汇Layout布置图Assembly line组装线Conveyer流水线物料板Screw driver起子Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子spare parts=buffer备品OOBA开箱检查pallet栈板carton纸箱lbs.inch镑、英寸bezel panel面板chassis |'∫æsi| 基座fasten锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) ram连杆sub-line支线barcode条形码barcode scanner条形码扫描仪operator作业员epair修理cutedges=side cut=side scrap切边Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS电源电压接柆键resistance电阻Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理EMI gasket导电条power button电源按键reset button重置键work cell工作间cleaning cloth（rag）抹布trolley台车left fork叉车sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts塑料件检查cosmetic inspect外观检查inner parts inspect内部检查thumb screw大头螺丝钉be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油excessive defects过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷size is a little bigger尺寸偏大(小) reverse angle = chamfer倒角augular offset角度偏差final inspection终检to connect material接料deficient purchase来料不良defective product label不良标签bolt螺栓spring 弹簧manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良stamping-missing漏冲defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良bending折弯cosmetic defect外观不良rust生锈speckle斑点filings 铁削slippery screw head螺丝滑头mildewed=moldy=mouldy发霉deformation变形burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边to file burr 锉毛刺excesssive gap间隙过大oxidation 氧化scratch划伤dents压痕abrasion 磨损grease/oil stains油污painting peel off脏污shrinking/shrinkage缩水inclusion杂质mixed color杂色painting make-up补漆discoloration变色lack of painting烤漆不到位water spots水渍concave凸convex凹blinster气泡nick缺口shine亮班delamination起鳞satin texture段面咬花gouge沟槽;凿槽poor incoming part事件不良fold of pakaging belt打包带折皱disposed products处理品polishing/surface processing表面处理exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露abnormal handling异常处理to pull, to stretch拉伸Line streching, line pulling线拉伸waste materials废料to stock, storage, in stock库存scraped |'skræpid|报废casing=containerazation装箱feeding is not in place送料不到位liaison联络单good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品to return delivenry to. to send delinery back to retrn of goods退货sample样品description品名revision版次part number/P/N料号raw materials原料cause analysis原因分析easily damaged parts易损件finished product成品semi-finished product半成品consume, consumption消耗packing materials包材warehouse/hub仓库baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板capability能力parameter参数factor系数volatile挥发性demand and supply需求registration登记statistics统计education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善failure, trouble故障application form for purchase请购单to collect, to gather收集engraving, to engrave刻印file folder资料夹meeting minutes会议记录to put file in order整理资料material statistics sheet 物料统计明细表material check list物料检查表distribution department分发单位location地点radius半径engineering工程equipment设备enterprise plan = enterprise expansion projects企划5S: classification整理regulation整顿cleanness清扫conservation清洁culture教养feeder送料机taker取料机sliding rack滑料架die change 换模to fix a die装模to take apart a die拆模to repair a die修模packing material包材plastic basket胶筐basket蝴蝶竺isolating plate baffle plate; barricade隔板to pull and stretch拉深to impose lines压线to put material in place, to cut material, to input落料to compress, compressing压缩character die字模to feed, feeding送料transportation运输feature change 特性变更evaluation评估material change, stock change材料变更prepare for 准备parameters参数rotating speed, revolution转速production unit生产单位lots of production生产批量manufacture management制造管理steel plate钢板roll material卷料automation自动化manufacture procedure制程operation procedure作业流程to stake, staking, reviting铆合add lubricating oil加润滑油冲压常词汇stamping, press冲压punch press, dieing out press冲床uncoiler & strainghtener整平机rack, shelf, stack料架cylinder油缸robot机械手conveyer belt输送带transmission rack输送架to continue, cont.连动to grip(material)吸料location lump, block stop 定位块smoothly顺利approval examine and verify审核processing, to process加工delivery, to deliver 交货summary of year-end physical inventory bills 年终盘点截止单据汇总表bill name单据名称Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用状况明细表blank and waste sheet NO. 空白与作废单号magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金alloy合金drill铝boring镗fillet镶;嵌边production tempo生产进度现状beacon警示灯职务：position职务president董事长special assistant manager特助general manager总经理deputy manager |'depjuti| 副理factory director厂长assistant manager助理supervisor 课长deputy section supervisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长personnel resource department 人力资源部ME制造工程师MT制造技术administration/general affairs dept总务部common equipment常用设备punching machine 冲床hydraulic machine油压机electrical sparkle电火花linear cutting线切割miller铣床grinder磨床driller钻床welder电焊机thumb大拇指forefinger食指midfinger中指ring finger无名指little finger小指gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器screwdriver holder起子插座stopper阻挡器lamp holder灯架glove(s)手套band-aid创可贴iudustrial alcohol 工业酒精vaccum cleaner吸尘器magnetizer加磁器packaging tool打包机。
水力学中英文专业名词对照
中 英文专业名词对照一画一维流动一维流动 One-dimensional Flow One-dimensional Flow二画二维流动二维流动 Two-dimensional Flow Two-dimensional Flow三画大气压大气压 Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric Pressure定理定理 The TheTheorem 上临界流速上临界流速 Upper Critical Velocity Upper Critical Velocity下临界流速下临界流速 Lower Critical Velocity Lower Critical Velocity三维流动三维流动 Three-dimensional Flow Three-dimensional Flow马赫数马赫数 Mach Number Mach Number上举力上举力 UpIift UpIift 上涌带上涌带 Zone of Wave Set-up Zone of Wave Set-up四画升力升力 Lift Lift升力系数升力系数 Coefficient of Lift Coefficient of Lift水力半径水力半径 Hydraulic Radius Hydraulic Radius水力坡度水力坡度 Energy Gradient Energy Gradient水击水击 Water-hammer Water-hammer直接水击直接水击 Rapid Closure Rapid Closure间接水击间接水击 Slow Closure Slow Closure水击联锁方程水击联锁方程 Interlocking Equation Interlocking Equation水头水头 Head Head压强水头压强水头 Pressure Head Pressure Head位置水头位置水头 E1evation Head E1evation Head作用水头作用水头 Acting Head Acting Head总水头总水头 Total Head Total Head测压管水头测压管水头 Piezometric Head Piezometric Head流速水头流速水头 Velocity Head Velocity Head惯性水头惯性水头Acceleration Head 水头线水头线 Head Line Head Line总水头线总水头线 Total Head Line Total Head Line测压管水头线测压管水头线 Piezometric Head Line Piezometric Head Line水头损失水头损失 Head Loss Head Loss沿程水头损失沿程水头损失 Frictional Head Loss Frictional Head Loss沿程水头损失系数沿程水头损失系数 Frictional Loss Factor Frictional Loss Factor局部水头损失局部水头损失 Local Head Loss Local Head Loss局部水头损失系数局部水头损失系数 Local Loss Coefficient Local Loss Coefficient水轮机水轮机 Hydraulic Turbine Hydraulic Turbine水泵水泵 Hydraulic Pump Hydraulic Pump分子扩散分子扩散 Mo1ecular Diffusion Mo1ecular Diffusion分子扩散系数分子扩散系数 Coefficient of Molecular Diffusion Coefficient of Molecular Diffusion分离点分离点 Point of Separation Point of Separation分散分散((离散离散) Dispersion ) Dispersion内区内区 Inner Region Inner Region内摩擦力内摩擦力 Internal Frictional Force Internal Frictional Force比压计比压计((压差计压差计) Differential Gauge ) Differential Gauge切应力切应力 Shear Stress Shear Stress粘滞切应力粘滞切应力 Viscous Shear Stress Viscous Shear Stress紊流附加切应力（雷诺应力）紊流附加切应力（雷诺应力） Reyno1ds Stress Reyno1ds Stress切应力系数切应力系数 Coefficient of Shearing Stress Coefficient of Shearing Stress毛细作用毛细作用 Capillarity Capillarity中性稳定曲线中性稳定曲线 Curve of Neutral Stability Curve of Neutral Stability牛顿内摩擦定律牛顿内摩擦定律 Newton's Law of Viscosity Newton's Law of Viscosity牛顿流体牛顿流体 Newtonian F1uid Newtonian F1uid牛顿数牛顿数 Newton Number Newton Number文透里管文透里管 Venturi Meter Venturi Meter无量纲数无量纲数 Dimensionless Number Dimensionless Number无滑动条件无滑动条件 No Slip Condition No Slip Condition井Well完全井完全井 Completely Penetrating Well Completely Penetrating Well 非完全井非完全井 Partially Penetrating Well Partially Penetrating Well 自流井自流井 Artesian Well Artesian Well 井群井群 Multiple Multiple —well 水力最优断面水力最优断面 Best Hydraulic Cross Section Best Hydraulic Cross Section 水电比拟水电比拟 Electro Electro —hydrodynamic Analogue 水面线分桥水面线分桥 Analysis of Flow Profile Analysis of Flow Profile 水面线计算水面线计算 Computation of Flow Profile Computation of Flow Profile 人工渠槽水面线计算人工渠槽水面线计算 Computation of Flow Profile in Artificial Channel Computation of Flow Profile in Artificial Channel 天然河道水面线计算天然河道水面线计算 Computation of Flow Profile in Natural Channel Computation of Flow Profile in Natural Channel分段法分段法 The Standard Step Method The Standard Step Method 数值积分法数值积分法 The Graphical The Graphical—intergration Method 水力指数法水力指数法 The Direct The Direct一intergration Method 水流强度参数水流强度参数 Flow Function Intensity of Shear on Particles Flow Function Intensity of Shear on Particles 水跃水跃 Hydraulic Jump Hydraulic Jump 自由水跃自由水跃 Free Jump Free Jump 远驱水跃远驱水跃 Remote Jump Remote Jump 临界水跃临界水跃 Undular Hydraulic Jump Undular Hydraulic Jump 临界水跃临界水跃 Critical Jump Critical Jump 弱水跃弱水跃 weak Jump weak Jump 淹没水跃淹没水跃 Submerged Jump Submerged Jump 斜坡水跃斜坡水跃 Hydraulic Jump in Sloping Channels Hydraulic Jump in Sloping Channels 强水跃强水跃 Strong Jump Strong Jump 稳定水跃稳定水跃 Steady Jump Steady Jump摆动水跃摆动水跃 Oscillating Jump Oscillating Jump 水跃长度水跃长度 Length of Jump Length of Jump 水跃的共轭水深水跃的共轭水深 Conjugate Depths of Hydraulic Jump Conjugate Depths of Hydraulic Jump 水跃的表面水滚水跃的表面水滚 Surface Roller of Hydraulic Jump Surface Roller of Hydraulic Jump水跃的消能效率水跃的消能效率((水跃消能系数水跃消能系数) Efficiency of Energy dissipation by ) Efficiency of Energy dissipation byHydraulic Jump水跃的跃后水深水跃的跃后水深 The Sequent Depth of Hydralic Jump The Sequent Depth of Hydralic Jump 水跃的跃前水深水跃的跃前水深 The Initial Depth of Hydraulic Jump The Initial Depth of Hydraulic Jump 水跃函数水跃函数 Hydraulic Jump Function Hydraulic Jump Function 水跃高度水跃高度 Height of Jump Height of Jump水跌水跌 Hydraulic Drop Hydraulic Drop 孔口出流孔口出流 Orifice Flow Orifice Flow 孔隙率孔隙率((度) Porosity 不冲流速不冲流速 Nonscouring Velocity Nonscouring Velocity 不淤流速不淤流速 Nonsilting Velocity Nonsilting Velocity 允许流通允许流通 Permissible Velocity Permissible Velocity 内在渗透率内在渗透率 Intrinsic Permiability Intrinsic Permiability 毛绷管水毛绷管水 Capillary Water Capillary Water 分流齿分流齿 Chute Blocks Chute Blocks 牛顿流体牛顿流体 Newtonian F1uid Newtonian F1uid 非牛顿流体非牛顿流体 Non Non—Newtonian F1uid 巴赞剖面巴赞剖面 Bazin Profile Bazin Profile 比能比能((断面单位能量断面单位能量) Specific Energy ) Specific Energy 元波元波 E1ementary Wave E1ementary Wave 无阻力的正涌浪和负涌浪无阻力的正涌浪和负涌浪Frictionless Positive and Negative Surge Waves五画汇 Sink卡门通用常数卡门通用常数 Von Von Universal Constant外区外区 Outer Region Outer Region司托克斯定律司托克斯定律 Stokes Theorem of Vortex Motion Stokes Theorem of Vortex Motion司托克斯流动司托克斯流动 Stokes F1ow Stokes F1ow平面上的静水总压力平面上的静水总压力 Total Hydrostatic Force on P1ane Area Total Hydrostatic Force on P1ane Area平面势流平面势流 Two-dimensional Potential Flow Two-dimensional Potential Flow平移平移 Translation Translation边界层边界层 Boundary Layer Boundary Layer层流边界层层流边界层 Laminar Boundary Layer Laminar Boundary Layer紊流边界层紊流边界层 Turbulent Boundary Layer Turbulent Boundary Layer边界层方程边界层方程 Boundary Layer Equation Boundary Layer Equation边界层分离边界层分离 Separation of Boundary Layer Separation of Boundary Layer边界层动量积分方程式边界层动量积分方程式 Momentum Integral Equation of Boundary Layer Momentum Integral Equation of Boundary Layer 边界层厚度边界层厚度 Boundary layer Thickness Boundary layer Thickness加速度加速度 Acceleration Acceleration当地加速度当地加速度 ( (时变加速度时变加速度) Local Acceleration ) Local Acceleration迁移加速度迁移加速度 ( (位变加速度位变加速度) Convective Acceleration ) Convective Acceleration史密特数史密特数 Schmidt Number Schmidt Number电算实例电算实例 Examples of Computer Solution Examples of Computer Solution管网电算管网电算 Computer Solution of Pipe Network Computer Solution of Pipe Network水击电算水击电算 Computer Solution of Water-hammer Computer Solution of Water-hammer包气带包气带 Zone of Aeration Zone of Aeration 司托克斯定律司托克斯定律 Stokes Law Stokes Law 布辛尼斯克方程布辛尼斯克方程 Boussinesg Equation Boussinesg Equation 平底梯形断面明槽中的水跃平底梯形断面明槽中的水跃 Hydrau1ic Jump in Horizontal Trapezoidal Hydrau1ic Jump in Horizontal TrapezoidalChannels平底矩形断面扩散槽中的平底矩形断面扩散槽中的Hydraulic Jump in Horizontal Rectangular Diverging Channels 平底矩形明槽的水跃共轭水深关系式平底矩形明槽的水跃共轭水深关系式Equation of Conjugation Depth of Hydraulic Jump for Horizontal Rectangular Channels 平底棱柱形明槽中的水跃方程式平底棱柱形明槽中的水跃方程式Equation of Hydraulic Jump for Horizontal Prismatic Channels 平整平整((形态形态) F1at Bed(Plane Bed) ) F1at Bed(Plane Bed) 平衡输沙平衡输沙 Equilibrium Transport of Sediment Equilibrium Transport of Sediment 不平衡输沙不平衡输沙 Non-equilibrium Transport of Sediment Non-equilibrium Transport of Sediment 边界条件边界条件 Boundary Condition Boundary Condition 自然边界条件自然边界条件 Natural Boundary Condition Natural Boundary Condition 边界雷诺数边界雷诺数 Boundary Reynolds Number Boundary Reynolds Number 正常水深正常水深 Normal Depth Normal Depth 长波长波 Long Wave Long Wave 圣维南方程圣维南方程 Saint Saint—Venant Equation六画压力中心压力中心 Center of Pressure Center of Pressure压力体压力体 Pressure Prism Pressure Prism压力表压力表 Pressure Gauge Pressure Gauge风箱式压力表风箱式压力表 Bellows-type Pressure Gauge Bellows-type Pressure Gauge隔膜式压力表隔膜式压力表 Diaphragm-type Pressure Gauge Diaphragm-type Pressure Gauge弹黄式压力表弹黄式压力表 Spring Spring—type Pressure Gauge 管环式压力表管环式压力表 ( (布尔登压力表布尔登压力表布尔登压力表) Bourdon ) Bourdon —type Pressure Gauge 压力梯度压力梯度 Pressure Gradient Pressure Gradient压应力压应力 Compressive Stress Compressive Stress压强压强 Pressure Pressure相对压强相对压强 ( (计示压强计示压强计示压强) Relative Pressure (Gauge Pressure) ) Relative Pressure (Gauge Pressure) 绝对压强绝对压强 Abso1ute Pressure Abso1ute Pressure真空压强真空压强 ( (负压负压负压) Vacuum Pressure (Negative Pressure) ) Vacuum Pressure (Negative Pressure) 压强分布图压强分布图 Pressure Distribution Diagram Pressure Distribution Diagram静水压强分布图静水压强分布图 Hydrostatic Pressure Distribution Diagram Hydrostatic Pressure Distribution Diagram压强场压强场 Pressure Field Pressure Field压强系数压强系数 Pressure Coefficient Pressure Coefficient压强势能压强势能 Potential Energy of Pressure Potential Energy of Pressure压缩性压缩性 Compressibility Compressibility动力水流动力水流 ( (摩阻流速、剪切流速摩阻流速、剪切流速) Fricion Velocity ) Fricion Velocity动水压强动水压强 Pressure in Flowing F1uid Pressure in Flowing F1uid动态特性动态特性 Dynamic Characteristics Dynamic Characteristics动能动能 Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy动能修正系数动能修正系数 Kinetic Energy Correction Factor Kinetic Energy Correction Factor动量方程动量方程 Momentum Equation Momentum Equation动量矩方程动量矩方程 Moment of Momentum Equation Moment of Momentum Equation动量修正系数动量修正系数 Momentum Correction Factor Momentum Correction Factor动量损失厚度动量损失厚度 Momentum Thickness Momentum Thickness充分发展的紊流充分发展的紊流 Fully Developed Turbulence Fully Developed Turbulence过水断面过水断面 Cross Section Cross Section过渡层过渡层 Buffer Region Buffer Region自由出流自由出流 Free Discharge Free Discharge自由紊流自由紊流 Free Turbulence Free Turbulence自动记录自动记录 Automatic Recording Automatic Recording毕托管毕托管 Pitot Tube Pitot Tube有势力有势力 Potential Force Potential Force势流动势流动 ( (无涡流动无涡流动无涡流动) Potential Flow (Irrotational Flow) ) Potential Flow (Irrotational Flow) 有涡流动有涡流动有涡流动 ( (有旋流动有旋流动) Rotational Flow ) Rotational Flow曲面上的静水总压力曲面上的静水总压力曲面上的静水总压力 Total Hydrostatic Force on Curved Surface Total Hydrostatic Force on Curved Surface 共振共振共振 Resonance Resonance扩散扩散扩散 Diffusion Diffusion费克扩散定律费克扩散定律费克扩散定律 Fick’s Law of Diffusion多普勒效应多普勒效应多普勒效应 Doppler Effect Doppler Effect当量粗糙度当量粗糙度当量粗糙度 Equivalent Roughness Equivalent Roughness传感器传感器传感器 Sensor Sensor光滑壁面光滑壁面光滑壁面 Smooth Wall Smooth Wall收缩断面收缩断面收缩断面 Vena Contracta Vena Contracta动力流速动力流速 Friction Velocity Friction Velocity 动床动床 Movable Bed Movable Bed 动床水力学动床水力学 Fluvial Hydraulics Fluvial Hydraulics 地下水地下水 Ground water Ground water 地下水面地下水面 Groundwater Surface Groundwater Surface 地下水动力学地下水动力学 Groundwater Dynamics Groundwater Dynamics 导水系数导水系数 Coefficient of Transmissibility Coefficient of Transmissibility 导水率导水率 Transmissivity Transmissivity 多孔介质多孔介质 Porous Medium Porous Medium 自由出流自由出流 Free Outflow Free Outflow 冲击波冲击波 Shock Wave Shock Wave 冲刷坑最大水深冲刷坑最大水深 Maximum Water Depth in scour Pit Maximum Water Depth in scour Pit冲泻质冲泻质 wave Load wave Load 各向同性各向同性 Isotropy Isotropy各向异性各向异性 Anisotropy Anisotropy 达西定律达西定律 Darcys Law Darcys Law 有限元法有限元法 Finite E1ement Method Finite E1ement Method 有限差分法有限差分法 Finite Difference Method Finite Difference Method 有限振幅立波有限振幅立波 Finite Amplitude Standing Wave Finite Amplitude Standing Wave 浅水立波浅水立波 Standing Wave in Sha11ow Water Standing Wave in Sha11ow Water 深水立波深水立波 Standing Wave in Deep water Standing Wave in Deep water 有限振幅推进波有限振幅推进波 Finite Amplitude Progressive Wave Finite Amplitude Progressive Wave 浅水推进波浅水推进波 Progressive Wave in Shallow Water Progressive Wave in Shallow Water 深水推进波深水推进波 Progressive Wave in Deep Water Progressive Wave in Deep Water 有效溢流宽度有效溢流宽度 Effective width of The Spillway Effective width of The Spillway 过渡过渡((形态形态) Transition ) Transition 过渡段的急流过渡段的急流 Supercritical Flow Through Transitions Supercritical Flow Through Transitions 过镀段的缓流过镀段的缓流 Subcritical Flow Through Transitions Subcritical Flow Through Transitions 扩散法扩散法 Diffusive Scheme Diffusive Scheme 扩散系数扩散系数 Diffusion Coefficient Diffusion Coefficient 收缩断面收缩断面 Vena Contracta Vena Contracta 收缩断面水深收缩断面水深 Contractional Depth Contractional Depth七画阻力阻力 Drag Drag压强阻力压强阻力 ( (形状阻力形状阻力形状阻力) Pressure Drag(Form Drag) ) Pressure Drag(Form Drag)摩擦阻力摩擦阻力 Frictional Drag Frictional Drag阻力系数阻力系数 Drag Coefficient Drag Coefficient应力张量应力张量应力张量 Stress Tensor Stress Tensor 均方根值均方根值均方根值 Root-mean-square Root-mean-square 均匀流均匀流均匀流 Uniform Flow Uniform Flow 纵向移流分散纵向移流分散纵向移流分散 Longitudinal Convective Dispersion Longitudinal Convective Dispersion 运动方程运动方程运动方程 Equation of Motion Equation of Motion 一维非恒定流运动方程一维非恒定流运动方程一维非恒定流运动方程 One-dimensional Unsteady Flow Equation One-dimensional Unsteady Flow Equation 水击运动微分方程水击运动微分方程水击运动微分方程 Differential Equation for Water-hammer Differential Equation for Water-hammer 紊流时均的运动方程紊流时均的运动方程紊流时均的运动方程((雷诺方程雷诺方程) Reynolds Equation ) Reynolds Equation粘滞性液体的运动方程粘滞性液体的运动方程((纳维埃—司托克斯方程纳维埃—司托克斯方程) Navier-Stokes Equation ) Navier-Stokes Equation理想液体的运动方程理想液体的运动方程理想液体的运动方程((欧拉方程欧拉方程) Euler Equation ) Euler Equation佛汝德数佛汝德数佛汝德数 Froude Number Froude Number 佛汝德相似准则佛汝德相似准则佛汝德相似准则 ( (重力相似准则重力相似准则) Froude Similarity Criterion ) Froude Similarity Criterion攻角攻角 Attack Angle Attack Angle时间平均法时间平均法时间平均法 Time-average Method Time-average Method 时间平均流动时间平均流动时间平均流动 Mean Motion Mean Motion 时均值时均值时均值 Time-average Value Time-average Value 形状系数形状系数形状系数 Shape Factor Shape Factor 表面力表面力表面力 Surface Force Surface Force 表面张力表面张力表面张力 Surface Tension Surface Tension 表面张力系数表面张力系数 Coefficient of Surface Tension角变形角变形 Angular Deformation Angular Deformation角变率角变率 Rate of Angular Deformation Rate of Angular Deformation角转速角转速角转速 Angular Velocity Angular Velocity尾流尾流尾流 wake Flow wake Flow 层流层流层流 Laminar Flow Laminar Flow 层流翼型层流翼型层流翼型 Laminar Airfoil Laminar Airfoil 体积力体积力 Body Force Body Force体积压缩系数体积压缩系数 Coefficien of Volume Coefficien of Volume （bulk bulk））Compressibility体积弹性系数体积弹性系数 Coefficien of Volume Coefficien of Volume （bulk bulk））Elasticity体积膨胀率体积膨胀率 Rate of Volume Expansion Rate of Volume Expansion连通管（连通管（U U 形管）形管）U-tube U-tube连续介质连续介质 Continuum Medium Continuum Medium连续方程连续方程 Continuity Equation Continuity Equation一维恒定流连续方程一维恒定流连续方程 Continutiy Equation of One Continutiy Equation of One–dimentional Steady Flow一维非恒定流连续方程Continuity Equation of One –dimentional UnsteadyFlow水击连续微分方程水击连续微分方程 Differential Continuity Equation of Water-hammer Differential Continuity Equation of Water-hammer连续性微分方程连续性微分方程 Differential Equation of Continuity Differential Equation of Continuity时均流动的连续方程时均流动的连续方程 Differential Continuity Mean Motion Differential Continuity Mean Motion扩散物质的连续方程扩散物质的连续方程((费克扩散方程费克扩散方程) Continuity Equation of Diffusion ) Continuity Equation of DiffusionSubstances连续扩散源连续扩散源 Source of Continuous Diffusion Source of Continuous Diffusion附着力附着力Adhesion 位置势能位置势能 Potential Energy of E1evation Potential Energy of E1evation位移厚度位移厚度 Displacement Thickness Displacement Thickness伯诺世方程伯诺世方程 Bernoulli Equation Bernoulli Equation伯诺坐积分伯诺坐积分 Bernoulli Integral Bernoulli Integral扬程扬程 Pump Head Pump Head压水扬程压水扬程 Discharge Head Discharge Head吸水扬程吸水扬程 Suction Head Suction Head总扬程总扬程 Total Delivery Head Total Delivery Head纯数纯数 Pure Number Pure Number间歇现象间歇现象 Intermittency Intermittency含水层含水层 Aquifer Aquifer 无压含水层无压含水层 Unconfined Aquifer Unconfined Aquifer 承压含水层承压含水层 Confined Aquifer Confined Aquifer 含沙浓度（含沙量）含沙浓度（含沙量） Sediment Concentration Sediment Concentration 体积比浓度体积比浓度 Concentration by Volume Concentration by Volume 重量比浓度重量比浓度 Concentration by Weight Concentration by Weight 均匀流均匀流 Uniform Flow Uniform Flow 非均匀流非均匀流 Non-uniform Flow Non-uniform Flow 均质土坝渗流均质土坝渗流 Seepage from Homogeneous Earth Dam Seepage from Homogeneous Earth Dam 均质土壤均质土壤 Homogeneous Soil Homogeneous Soil 完全收缩完全收缩 Complete Contraction Complete Contraction 沙纹（形态）沙纹（形态） Ripple Ripple 沙垄（形态）沙垄（形态） Dune Dune 床沙床沙 Bed Material床沙质床沙质 Bed Material Load床面形态（沙波运动）床面形态（沙波运动） Bed Forms(Sand Waves)时间步长时间步长 Time Interval克里格尔剖面克里格尔剖面 Creager Profile护坦护坦 Apron里兹法里兹法Rits Method 初始条件初始条件Initial Condition 两相流动两相流动Two-phase Flow 佛汝德数佛汝德数Froude Number 沉速（沉降流速）沉速（沉降流速）Fall Velocity(Terminal Settling Velocity) 坎端水深坎端水深Depth at The Brink 吹程吹程Fetch 余波余波Swell 余弦推进波余弦推进波Simple Harmonic Progressive Wave 位移波的分类位移波的分类Classification of Translatory Wave 深水波；浅水波深水波；浅水波Deep-water Wave ；Sallow-water Wave 连续波；不连续波连续波；不连续波Continuous Wave ；Discontinuous Wave 顺水波；逆水波顺水波；逆水波Downstream Wave ；Upstream Wave 涨水波（正波）；落水波（负波）涨水波（正波）；落水波（负波）Positive Wave ；Negative Wave 阻力阻力Drag 阻力系数阻力系数Drag Coefficient 压强阻力压强阻力Pressure Drag 形状阻力形状阻力Form Drag 床面阻力床面阻力Bed Resistance 沙波阻力（床面形态阻力）沙波阻力（床面形态阻力）Bar Resistance 沙粒阻力沙粒阻力Grain Resistance 表面阻力表面阻力Skin Resistance 岸壁阻力岸壁阻力Bank Resistance 摩擦阻力摩擦阻力Friction Force八画空化，空穴空化，空穴Cavitation 空穴数空穴数Cavitation Number 初生空穴数初生空穴数Incipient Cavitation Number 空蚀空蚀Cavitation Damage 非均匀流非均匀流Non-uniform Flow 急变流急变流Rapidly Varied F1ow 渐变流渐变流Gradually Varied F1ow 非恒定流非恒定流Unsteady Flow 波动方程波动方程Wave Equation 波速波速Velocity of Wave Propagation 表现扩散系数表现扩散系数Coefficient of Apparent Diffusion 单位单位Unit 工程单位制工程单位制Unit System of Engineering 国际单位制国际单位制(SI) Syst éme Internationale d’Unites 单位换算单位换算Conversion of Units 真值真值Real Value 线变形线变形Linear Deformation 线变率线变率Rate of Linear Deformation 拐点拐点Point of Inflexion 驻点(滞止点) Stagnation Point定倾中心定倾中心Metacenter 拉格朗日法拉格朗日法Lagrangian Method 拉普拉斯方程拉普拉斯方程Laplace Equation 势流叠加原理势流叠加原理Superposition Principle of Potential Flow泊肃叶流动泊肃叶流动Poiseuille Flow 阿基米德原理阿基米德原理Archimedes Principe 环量环量Circulation 质量力质量力Mass Force 闸下出流闸下出流Outflow under Gates 闸孔非恒定出流闸孔非恒定出流Unsteady Outflow of Sluice Gate 闸孔恒定出流闸孔恒定出流Steady Outflow of Sluice Gate 闸孔净宽闸孔净宽Clear Span of The Gate between Piers 闸前水头闸前水头Approach Head before Sluice 闸墩收缩系数闸墩收缩系数Coefficient of Pier Contraction 降水曲线降水曲线Falling Curve 波长波长Wave Length 波节波节Wave Node 波压强波压强Wave Pressure 净波压强净波压强Net Wave Pressure 波谷波谷Wave Valley 波周期波周期Period of Wave 波的反射波的反射Reflection 波的传播波的传播Wave Propagation 波的折射波的折射Inflection 波的破碎波的破碎Breaking of Wave 波的绕射波的绕射Diffraction 波的爬高波的爬高Wave Run-up 波陡波陡Wave Steepness 波能波能Wave Energy波高波高Wave Height 波速波速Wave Speed波浪中线波浪中线Midwater Level of Wave 波浪要素波浪要素Wave Elements 波峰波峰Wave Grest 波锋（波额、波前）波锋（波额、波前）Wave Front 波群波群 Wave Group Wave Group 波群速波群速 Wave Group Velocity Wave Group Velocity 波腹波腹 Wave Loop Wave Loop 表面张力波表面张力波 Capillary Wave Capillary Wave 势波势波 Potential Wave Potential Wave 势波的叠加势波的叠加 Superposition of Potential Wave Superposition of Potential Wave 孤立波孤立波 Solitary Wave Solitary Wave 岩石河床的抗冲系数岩石河床的抗冲系数 Anti-scour Coefficient of Rock Bed Anti-scour Coefficient of Rock Bed承压水承压水 Confined Water Confined Water 定床定床 Fixed Bed Fixed Bed 定床水力学定床水力学 Rigid Boundary Hydraulics Rigid Boundary Hydraulics 泥沙的起动泥沙的起动 Initiation of Motion of Sediment Initiation of Motion of Sediment 侧收缩系数侧收缩系数 Coefficient of Side Contraction Coefficient of Side Contraction 非均质土壤非均质土壤 Nonhomogeneous Soil Nonhomogeneous Soil 非恒定流连续方程非恒定流连续方程 Equation of Continuity for Unsteady Flow Equation of Continuity for Unsteady Flow非恒定急变流非恒定急变流 Unsteady Rapidly Varied Flow Unsteady Rapidly Varied Flow 非恒定渐变流非恒定渐变流 Unsteady Gradually Varied Flow Unsteady Gradually Varied Flow非恒定渐变流动的运动方程非恒定渐变流动的运动方程 Dynamic Equation for Unsteady Gradually Dynamic Equation for Unsteady GraduallyVaried Flow非粘性泥沙非粘性泥沙 Non Non—cohesive Sediment 非饱和带非饱和带 Unsaturated Zone Unsaturated Zone 饱和带饱和带 Saturated Zone Saturated Zone 明槽中的非恒定流动明槽中的非恒定流动 Unsteady FIow in open Channels Unsteady FIow in open Channels 明槽急变流明槽急变流 Rapidly Varied Flow in Open Channels Rapidly Varied Flow in Open Channels 明槽恒定非均匀渐变流基本方程明槽恒定非均匀渐变流基本方程 The Basic Equation of Steady Gradually The Basic Equation of Steady Gradually Varied Flow明槽掺气水流明槽掺气水流 Self Self —Aerated Open Channel Flow 底流型消能底流型消能 Energy Dissipation by Hydraulic Jump Energy Dissipation by Hydraulic Jump 面流型消能面流型消能 Energy Dissipation of Surface Regime Energy Dissipation of Surface Regime 拉格朗日连续方程拉格朗日连续方程 Lagrangian Equation of Continuity Lagrangian Equation of Continuity拉格朗日运动方程拉格朗日运动方程 Lagrangian Equation of Motion Lagrangian Equation of Motion 拉普拉斯方程拉普拉斯方程 Laplace Equation Laplace Equation 质量系数质量系数 Coefficient of Mass Coefficient of Mass 变分原理变分原理 Variational Principle Variational Principle 底坡（槽底纵坡）底坡（槽底纵坡） Slope of Channel Bed Slope of Channel Bed 陡坡（急坡）陡坡（急坡） Steep Slope Steep Slope 临界坡临界坡 Critical Slope Critical Slope 缓坡缓坡 Mild Slope Mild Slope九画相 Phase相对平衡相对平衡 Relative Equilibrium Relative Equilibrium相对粗糙度相对粗糙度 Relative Roughness Relative Roughness相似条件相似条件 Similarity Condition Similarity Condition几何相似几何相似 Geometric Similarity Geometric Similarity动力相似动力相似Dynamic Similarity运动相似运动相似 Kinematic Similarity Kinematic Similarity相似原理相似原理 Theory of Similarity Theory of Similarity相似准则相似准则 Similarity SimilarityCriterion 压力相似准则压力相似准则 Pressure Force Similarity Criterion Pressure Force Similarity Criterion表面张力相似准则表面张力相似准则 Surface Tension Similarity Criterion Surface Tension Similarity Criterion重力相似准则重力相似准则 Gravity Force Similarity Criterion Gravity Force Similarity Criterion弹性力相似准则弹性力相似准则 E1asticity Force Similarity Criterion E1asticity Force Similarity Criterion惯性力相似准则惯性力相似准则 Inertia Force Similarity Criterion Inertia Force Similarity Criterion粘滞力相似准则粘滞力相似准则 Viscosity Force Similarity Criterion Viscosity Force Similarity Criterion相似准数相似准数 Similarity Criterion Number Similarity Criterion Number氢气泡法氢气泡法 Hydrogen Bubble Technique Hydrogen Bubble Technique总流总流 Total Flow Total Flow指示部分指示部分 Indicating Component Indicating Component脉动脉动 F1uctuation F1uctuation脉动值脉动值 Fluctuating Value Fluctuating Value转动转动 Rotation Rotation转捩点转捩点 Transition Point Transition Point诱导流速诱导流速 Induced Velocity Induced Velocity柯西数柯西数 Cauchy Number Cauchy Number柯西一黎曼条件柯西一黎曼条件 Cauchy-Riemann Conditions Cauchy-Riemann Conditions柯埃梯流动柯埃梯流动 Couette Flow Couette Flow测压管测压管 Piezometer Piezometer测针测针 Point Gauge Point Gauge虹吸管虹吸管 Siphon Pipe Siphon Pipe欧拉方程欧拉方程 Euler Equation Euler Equation欧拉法欧拉法 Eulerian Method Eulerian Method欧拉积分欧拉积分 Euler Integral Euler Integral欧拉数欧拉数 Euler Number Euler Number恒定流恒定流 Steady Flow Steady Flow恒定势流的能量方程恒定势流的能量方程 Energy Equation of Steady Potential Flow Energy Equation of Steady Potential Flow 重度重度((容重容重) Specific Weight ) Specific Weight复势复势 Complex Potential Complex Potential误差误差 Error Error系统误差系统误差 Systematic Error Systematic Error相对误差相对误差 Relative Error Relative Error绝对误差绝对误差 Absolute Error Absolute Error偶然误差偶然误差 Random Error Random Error绝壁物体绝壁物体 Bluff Body Bluff Body重力水重力水 Gravitational Water Gravitational Water 贮水系数贮水系数 Storage Coefficient Storage Coefficient 显式网格显式网格 Network for The Explicit Method Network for The Explicit Method 逆行沙浪逆行沙浪 Anti Anti —dunes(Moving Upstream) 顺行沙浪顺行沙浪 Anti Anti 一dunes(Moving Downstream) 费克定律费克定律 F ick’s Law Fick’s Law 相角相角 Phase Phase挟沙水流挟沙水流 Sediment Sediment—1aden Flow 挟沙能力挟沙能力 Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity 垂直收缩系数垂直收缩系数 Coefficient of Vertical Contraction Coefficient of Vertical Contraction 急变流急变流 Rapidly Varied Flow Rapidly Varied Flow 急变流的断面单位能量急变流的断面单位能量 Specific Energy of Rapidly Varied Flow Specific Energy of Rapidly Varied Flow 急流急流 Supercritical Flow Supercritical Flow 急流弯段水流急流弯段水流 Supercritical Flow in Curved Channel Supercritical Flow in Curved Channel 恒定流恒定流 Steady Flow Steady Flow 非恒定流非恒定流 Unsteady F1ow Unsteady F1ow 恒定渗流恒定渗流 Steady Seepage Flow Steady Seepage Flow 恒定降深恒定降深 Constant Drawdown Constant Drawdown 重度重度 Specific Weight Specific Weight 临界水深临界水深 Critical Depth Critical Depth 临界流临界流 Critical Flow Critical Flow 临界流速临界流速 Critical Velocity Critical Velocity 挑流的冲刷系数挑流的冲刷系数 Coefficient of Scour for Jet Erosion Coefficient of Scour for Jet Erosion 挑流型消能挑流型消能 Energy Dissipation of Ski Energy Dissipation of Ski—jump Type by Trajectory Buckets 挑流射程挑流射程 Horizontal Distance of the Jet Trajectory Horizontal Distance of the Jet Trajectory 建筑物出流的流速系数建筑物出流的流速系数 Coefficient Coefficientof Velocity for Discharge from Outlet Works齿槛齿槛 Dentated Sill Dentated Sill十画浮力浮力 Buoyant Force Buoyant Force浮心浮心 Centerof Buoyancy Centerof Buoyancy浮体浮体 Floating Body Floating Body钽丝水位计钽丝水位计 Tantalum-wire Level Gauge Tantalum-wire Level Gauge调节器调节器 Regulator Regulator调压井调压井 Surge Chamber(Tank) Surge Chamber(Tank)紊动扩散紊动扩散 Turbulent Diffusion Turbulent Diffusion紊动扩散系数紊动扩散系数 Coefficient of Turbulent Diffusion Coefficient of Turbulent Diffusion紊流紊流 Turbulent F1ow Turbulent F1ow紊流光滑区紊流光滑区 Hydraulically Smooth Region Of Turbulent Flow Hydraulically Smooth Region Of Turbulent Flow紊流过渡区紊流过渡区 Transition Region of Turbulent Flow Transition Region of Turbulent Flow紊流粗糙区紊流粗糙区 Completely Rough Region of Turbulent Flow Completely Rough Region of Turbulent Flow紊流扩散基本方程紊流扩散基本方程 Fundamental Equation of Turbulent Diffusion Fundamental Equation of Turbulent Diffusion紊流的半经验理论紊流的半经验理论 Semi-empirical Theories of Turbulence Semi-empirical Theories of Turbulence紊流强度紊流强度 Intensity of Turbulence Intensity of Turbulence流场流场 Flow Fie1d Flow Fie1d流网流网 Flow Net Flow Net流动型态流动型态 Type of Flow Type of Flow流线流线 Streamline Streamline流线型体流线型体 Streamline Body Streamline Body流函数流函数Stream Function流速分布的相似性流速分布的相似性 Similarity of Velocity Profiles Similarity of Velocity Profiles流速仪流速仪 Current Meter Current Meter热丝流速仪热丝流速仪 Hot-wire Anemometer Hot-wire Anemometer热膜流速仪热膜流速仪 Hot-film Amemometer ) Hot-film Amemometer )旋浆流速仪旋浆流速仪 Rotor-type Current Meter Rotor-type Current Meter。
专业词汇中英文对照
disease from using drugs the high medical technology
医疗高技术
第七讲
汉语 英语
预防医学
妇幼保健
Preventive medicine
Maternal and chil hygiene, mother and child core 环境保护 Environmental protection
第十二讲
汉语 英语
善恶
道德教育
good; evil moral education moral accomplishment moral state
道德修养
道德境界
生命的价 值和神圣
第十讲
汉语 英语
人工受精
Artificial insemination(AI)
technology
医学生殖技术 Medical reproductive 体外受精
In vitro fertilizransplanting
第十一讲
汉语 安乐死 英语
第八讲
汉语
医学科研
人体实验
英语
Medical research
Experiments involving human subjects Informed consent
知情同意
第九讲
汉语 计划生育 英语
优生学
Birth control; Family planning Eugenics
The value and dignity of life
英语
patients’ rights
moral responsibilities
sentiment,emotion
英语词汇专业名词翻译
英语词汇专业名词翻译英语词汇专业名词翻译话说英语词汇bedrock英汉双语综合解析bedrock[?bedr?k]n. 基岩; 牢固基础; 基本事实，基本原则; 最低点;{近义词}substratum基础 solid rock坚石(基岩) base底部 foundation根基 basis基础 core核心 heart心 root根 anchor锚 basics基本因素basic principle基本原理 fundamental principle基本原理{短语}bedrock price最低价格underlying bedrock下伏基岩come down to bedrock穷根究底,弄清事情的...{英英解释}Noun:solid unweathered rock lying beneath surface deposits of soil principles from which other truths can be derived;"first you must learn the fundamentals""let's get down to basics"{词汇应用}1.Whatever he heard, he always came down to bedrock.不管他听到什么，他总爱刨根问底。
2.Ownership of land is the bedrock of democracy.土地所有权是民主的基础。
3.Ancient culture is the bedrock of all.古老的文化蕴孕着时代永恒的文明。
话说英语词汇bedroll英汉双语综合解析bedroll[?bedr??l]n.铺盖，铺盖卷;{英英解释}Noun:bedding rolled up for carrying{词汇应用}1.Wrap an oilcloth round the bedroll.行李卷儿外边再包一层油布。
常用专业词汇英汉对照
学科mathematics / mAWi5mAtiks/ 数学arts / arts/ 文科science / 5saiEns/ 理科history / 5histEri/ 历史geometry / dVi5Rmitri/ 几何geography / dVi5RgrEfi/ 地理geology / dVi5RlEdVi/ 地质学biology / bai5RlEdVi/ 生物chemistry / 5kemistri/ 化学physics / 5fiziks/ 物理literature / 5litEritFE/ 文学sociology / sEusi5RlEdVi/ 社会学philosophy / fi5lRsEfi/ 哲学psychology / sai5kRlEdVi/ 心理学engineering / endVi5niEriN/ 工程学medicine / 5medisin/ 医学agriculture / 5AgrikQltFE/ 农学astronomy / Es5trRnEmi/ 天文学economics / i:kE5nRmiks/ 经济学politics / 5pRlitiks/ 政治学law / lR:/ 法学finance / fai5nAns, fi-/ 财政学architecture / 5a:kitektFE/ 建筑学艺术流派Byzantine / bi5zAntain/ 拜占庭式Romanesque / 5roumE5nesk/ 罗马式Gothic / 5gRWik/ 哥特式Baroque / bE5rEuk/ 巴洛克式classicism / 5klAsisizEm/ 古典主义,古典风格romanticism / rou5mAntisizm/ 浪漫主义realism / 5riElizEm/ 现实主义symbolism / 5simbElizm/ 象征主义impressionism / im5prZFEnizEm/ 印象主义expressionism / / 表现主义Fauvism / 5fouvizm/ 野兽派abstract art / / 抽象派, 抽象主义Cubism / 5kju:bizm/ 立体派, 立体主义naturalism / 5nAtFErElizEm/ 自然主义existentialism / / 存在主义futurism / 5fju:tFErizm/ 未来主义文学author / 5R:WE/ 作者essay / 5esei/ 随笔reportage / repR:5tB:V/ 报告文学criticism / 5kritisizEm/ 评论anthology / An5WRlEdVi/ 选集edition / i5diFEn/ 版work / wE:k/ 作品masterpiece / 5ma:stEpi:s/ 杰作copyright / 5kRpirait/ 版权, 著作权humanities / / 人文学科writer / 5raitE/ 作家volume / 5vRljum/ 卷theatre / 5WiEtE/ 戏剧drama / 5dra:mE/ 话剧comedy / 5kRmidi/ 喜剧tragedy / 5trAdVidi/ 悲剧farce / fa:s/ 滑稽剧play / plei/ 剧本playwright / 5pleirait/ 编剧performance / pE5fR:mEns/ 演出act / Akt/ 幕scene / si:n/ 场plot / plRt/ 情节intrigue / in5tri:g/ 错综复杂的剧情story / 5stR:ri/ 故事episode / 5episEud/ 逸事denouement / / 结局poetry / 5pEuitri/ 诗歌poet / pEuit/ 诗人poem / 5pEuim/ 诗ode / oud/ 颂歌sonnet / 5sRnit/ 十四行诗verse / vE:s/ (诗)节line / lain/ (诗)行rhyme / raim/ 韵脚,押韵metrics / 5mEtriks/ 韵律学,格律学prose / prEuz/ 散文novel / 5nRvEl/ 小说biography / bai5RgrEfi/ 自传allegory / 5AligEri/ 寓言science fiction / 5fikFEn/ 科幻,科学幻想小说satire / 5sAtaiE/ 讽刺诗essay / 5esei/ 杂文composition / kRmpE5ziFEn/ 学术著作rhetoric / 5retErik/ 修辞学oratory / 5RrEtEri/ 讲演术declamation / deklE5meiFEn/ 朗诵技巧improvisation / imprEvai5zeiFEn/ 即席讲演criticism / 5kritisizEm/ 批判主义critic / 5kritik/ 批评家eloquence / 5elEkwEns/ 文才lyricism / 5lirisizm/ 抒情性绘画雕塑gallery / 5gAlEri/ 画廊,美术馆salon / 5sAlR:N/ 沙龙exhibition / eksi5biFEn/ 展览collection / kE5lekFEn/ 收藏inspiration / inspE5reiFEn/ 灵感,启发artist / 5a:tist/ 大师, 艺术家pigment / 5pigmEnt/ 颜料painter / 5peintE/ 画家oil painting / / 油画watercolor / / 水彩画wash / wRF/ 水墨画engraving / in5greiviN/ 版画tracing / 5treisiN/ 临摹sketch / sketF/ 草稿portrait / 5pR:trit/ 画像model / 5mRdl/ 模特caricature / kArikE5tjuE/ 漫画nude / nju:d/ 裸体画profile / 5prEufail/ 轮廓landscape / 5lAndskeip/ 风景画seascape / 5si:skeip/ 海景画frame / freim/ 画框chassis / 5FAsi/ 画布绷架canvas / 5kAnvEs/ 画布studio / 5stju:diEu/ 画室pinacotheca / 5pinEkou5Wi:kE/ 画廊,美术馆sculptor / 5skQlptE/ 雕塑学carving / 5ka:viN/ 雕刻statue / 5stAtju:/ 人像figure / 5figE/ 塑像bronze / brRnz/ 铜像音乐alto / 5Altou/ 女低音anthem / 5AnWEm/ 圣歌,赞美诗baritone / 5bArEtoun/ 男中音bass / beis/ 男低音,贝司bassoon / bA5sun/ 低音管brass / bra:s/ 铜管乐器classical music / / 古典音乐conductor / kEn5dQktE/ 指挥flute / flu:t/ 长笛harmonica / hB:5mRnikE/ 口琴jazz / dVAz/ 爵士乐opera / 5RpErE/ 歌剧orchestra / 5R:kistrE/ 管弦乐队rhapsody / 5rApsEdi/ 狂想曲solo / 5sEulEu/ 独奏,独唱soloist / 5soulouist/ 独唱者soprano / sE5prAnou/ 女高音symphony / 5simfEni/ 交响乐tenor / 5tenE/ 男高音pop / pRp/ 流行歌曲rock / rRk/ 摇滚乐服饰clothes / klEuTz/ 衣服,服装clothing / 5klEuTiN/ 服装suit / sju:t/ 男西装dress / dres/ 女服uniform / 5ju:nifR:m/ 制服coat / kEut/ 外套jacket / 5dVAkit/ 夹克pocket / 5pRkit/ 衣袋sleeve / sli:v/ 袖子shirt / FE:t/ 衬衫sweater / 5swetE/ 毛衣，运动衫trousers / 5trauzEz/ 裤子belt / belt/ 腰带skirt / skE:t/ 裙子slip / slip/ 衬裙handkerchief / 5hANkEtFif/ 手帕shoe / Fu:/ 鞋sole / sEul/ 鞋底heel / hi:l/ 鞋后跟boot / bu:t/ 靴子glove / glQv/ 手套tie / tai/ 领带cap / kAp/ 无沿帽hat / hAt/ 大沿帽cotton / 5kRtn/ 棉花canvas / 5kAnvEs/ 帆布silk / silk/ 丝wool / wul/ 羊毛，毛料nylon / 5nailEn/ 尼龙stripe / straip/ 条纹veil / veil/ 面纱ring / riN/ 戒指necklace / 5neklis/ 项链perfume / 5pE:fju:m, pE:5fju:m/ 香水purse / pE:s/ 手提包garment / 5ga:mEnt/ 外衣cloak / klEuk/ 斗篷muffler / 5mQflE/ 围巾jeans / dVeinz/ 牛仔裤bra / brB:/ 乳罩stocking / 5stRkiN/ 长袜belt / belt/ 腰带sock / sRk/ 短袜bikini / bi5ki:ni/ 比基尼泳衣apron / 5eiprEn/ 围裙slipper / 5slipE/ 拖鞋beret / be5re/ 贝蕾帽linen / 5linin/ 麻pendant / 5pendEnt/ 项饰earring / 5iEriN/ 耳环lipstick / 5lipstik/ 口红wig / wig/ 假发tissue / 5tisju:/ 面纸brooch / brEutF/ 胸针shawl / FR:l/ 披肩raincoat / 5reinkEut/ 雨衣button / 5bQtn/ 扣子collar / 5kRlE/ 领子wallet / 5wRlit/ 钱包blouse / blauz/ 女外套,女衬衫职业actor / 5AktE/ 男演员actress / 5Aktris/ 女演员singer / 5siNE/ 歌手dancer / 5da:nsE/ 舞蹈家musician / mju:5ziFEn/ 音乐家pianist / 5pjAnist/ 钢琴家painter / 5peintE/ 画家,油漆匠teacher / 5ti:tFE/ 教师professor / prE5fesE/ 教授headmaster / 5hed5ma:stE/ 中小学校长headmistress / 5hed5mistris/ 中小学女校长headteacher / 5hedti:tFE/ 校长director / di5rektE/ 导演editor / 5editE/ 编者writer / 5raitE/ 作家reporter / ri5pR:tE/ 记者announcer / E5naunsE/ 广播员journalist / 5dVE:nElist/ 杂志记者worker / 5wE:kE/ 工人farmer / 5fa:mE/ 农夫fisherman / 5fiFEmEn/ 渔夫chemist / 5kemist/ 化学家,药剂师engineer / endVi5niE/ 工程师explorer / iks5plR:rE/ 探险家researcher / ri5sE:tFE/ 研究员doctor / 5dRktE/ 医生,博士nurse / nE:s/ 护士surgeon / 5sE:dVEn/ 外科医生sailor / 5seilE/ 水手seaman / 5si:mEn/ 船员pilot / 5pailEt/ 飞行员,领航员astronaut / 5AstFEunR:t/ 宇航员driver / 5draivE/ 驾驶员athlete / 5AWli:t/ 运动员policeman / pE5li:smEn/ 警察detective / di5tektiv/ 侦探judge / dVQdV/ 法官lawyer / 5lR:jE/ 律师attorney / E5tE:ni/ 律师cook / kuk/ 厨子,厨师baker / 5beikE/ 面包师waiter / 5weitE/ 侍者waitress / 5weitris/ 女服务生butcher / 5butFE/ 屠夫clerk / kla:k, klE:k/ 办事员typist / 5taipist/ 打字员secretary / 5sekrEtri/ 秘书salesman / 5seilzmEn/ 售货员,推销员shopkeeper / 5FRpki:pE/ 零售商,店主bookseller / 5bukselE/ 书商tailor / 5teilE/ 裁缝soldier / 5sEuldVE/ 军人postman / 5pEustmEn/ 邮差mailman / 5meilmAn/ 邮差firefighter / / 消防人员conductor / kEn5dQktE/ 乘务员librarian / lai5brZEriEn/ 图书管理员baby-sitter / / 保姆apprentice / E5prentis/ 学徒工artisan / a:ti5zAn/ 工匠craftsman / 5kra:ftsmEn/ 工匠specialist / speFElist/ 专家employer / im5plRiE/ 雇主,老板receptionist / ri5sepFEnist/ 接待员operator / 5RpEreitE/ 电话接线员interpreter / in5tE:pritE/ 翻译photographer / fE5tRgrEfE/ 摄影师playwright / 5pleirait/ 剧作家linguist / liN5gwist/ 语言学家botanist / 5bRtEnist/ 植物学家economist / i:5kRnEmist/ 经济学家chemist / 5kemist/ 化学家scientist / 5saiEntist/ 科学家philosopher / fi5lRsEfE/ 哲学家politician / pRli5tiFEn/ 政治学家physicist / 5fizisist/ 物理学家archaeologist / a:kiE5lRdVist/ 考古学家geologist / dVi5RlEdVist/ 地质学家mathematician / mAWEmE5tiFEn/ 数学家biologist / bai5RlEdVist/ 生物学家zoologist / zEu5RlEdVist/ 动物学家statistician / stAtis5tiFEn/ 统计学家physiologist / fizi5RlEdVist/ 生理学家futurologist / / 未来学家artist / 5a:tist/ 艺术家composer / kEm5pEuzE/ 作曲家designer / di5zainE/ 设计家sculptor / 5skQlptE/ 雕刻家designer / di5zainE/ 服装设计师model / 5mRdl/ 模特poet / pEuit/ 诗人merchant / 5mE:tFEnt/ 商人stewardess / 5stju:Edis/ 空中小姐porter / 5pR:tE/ 行李夫architect / 5a:kitekt/ 建筑师druggist / 5drQgist/ 药剂师chemist / 5kemist/ 药剂师guide / gaid/ 导游dentist / 5dentist/ 牙科医生supervisor / 5sju:pEvaizE/ 监工国家和语言America / E5merikE/ 美国,美洲Arab / 5ArEb/ 阿拉伯人Australia / Rs5treiljE/ 澳洲,澳大利亚Austria / 5RstriE/ 奥地利Britain / 5britn/ 英国Canada / 5kAnEdE/ 加拿大China / 5tFainE/ 中国Egypt / 5i:dVipt/ 埃及England / 5iNglEnd/ 英国France / 5fra:ns/ 法国Germany / 5dVE:mEni/ 德国Greece / gri:s/ 希腊Holland / 5hRlEnd/ 荷兰India / 5indiE/ 印度Ireland / 5aiElEnd/ 爱尔兰Italy / 5itEli/ 意大利Japan / dVE5pAn/ 日本Spain / spein/ 西班牙Sweden / 5swi:dn/ 瑞典Swiss / swis/ 瑞士人Switzerland / 5switsElEnd/ 瑞士Brazil / brE5zil/ 巴西Finland / 5finlEnd/ 芬兰Norway / 5nR:wei/ 挪威Russia / 5rQFE/ 俄国Belgium / 5beldVEm/ 比利时Arabic / 5ArEbik/ 阿拉伯语Chinese / 5tFai5ni:z/ 中国人,汉语Egyptian / i5dVipFEn/ 埃及人English / 5iNgliF/ 英语French / frentF/ 法国人,法文German / 5dVE:mEn/ 德国人,德语Greek / gri:k/ 希腊人,希腊文Irish / 5aiEriF/ 爱尔兰人,爱尔兰语Italian / i5tAljEn/ 意大利人,意大利语Japanese / dVApE5ni:z/ 日本人,日文Spanish / 5spAniF/ 西班牙人,西班牙语Dutch / dQtF/ 荷兰人,荷兰语政治colony / 5kRlEni/ 殖民地democracy / di5mRkrEsi/ 民主政治dynasty / 5dinEsti/ 朝代extinction / iks5tiNkFEn/ 消灭feudalism / 5fjudlizEm/ 封建制度administration / Edminis5treiFEn/ 政府aggression / E5greFEn/ 侵略ambassador / Am5bAsEdE/ 大使anarchy / 5AnEki/ 无政府状态announcement / E5naunsmEnt/ 公告aristocracy / Aris5tRkrEsi/ 贵族政治autonomy / R:5tRnEmi/ 自治ballot / 5bAlEt/ 选票bill / bil/ 法案bloodshed / 5blQdFed/ 流血，屠杀bureaucracy / bjuE5rRkrEsi/ 官僚政治candidate / 5kAndidit/ 候选人cession / 5seFEn/ 割让（土地）commotion / kE5mEuFEn/ 骚动,暴乱community / kE5mju:niti/ 社区,compact / 5kRmpAkt, kEm5pAkt/ 协议congress / 5kRNgres/ 国会congressman / 5kRNgresmEn/ 国会议员conspiracy / kEn5spirEsi/ 阴谋conspirator / kEn5spirEtE/ 同谋者constitution / kRnsti5tju:FEn/ 宪法consul / 5kRnsEl/ 领事convention / kEn5venFEn/ 惯例cooperation / kEuRpE5reiFEn/ 合作custom / 5kQstEm/ 习惯,风俗,海关delegate / 5deligeit/ 代表delegation / deli5geiFEn/ 代表团demonstration / demEn5streiFEn/ 示威deposition / depE5ziFEn/ 免职despot / 5despRt/ 暴君dictator / dik5teitE/ 独裁者dictatorship / dik5teitEFip/ 独裁政权diplomacy / di5plEumEsi/ 外交政策diplomat / 5diplEmAt/ 外交官discrimination / diskrimi5neiFEn/ 岐视dominion / dE5minjEn/ 领土,主权,统治embassy / 5embEsi/ 大使馆emperor / 5empErE/ 皇帝empire / 5empaiE/ 帝国ferment / 5fE:ment/ 动乱government / 5gQvEnmEnt/ 政府,内阁governor / 5gQvEnE/ 统治者hegemony / hi:5dVemEni/ 霸权ideology / aidi5RlEdVi/ 意识形态kingdom / 5kiNdEm/ 王国legion / 5li:dVEn/ 军团monarch / 5mRnEk/ 帝王monarchy / mRnEki/ 君主政体motion / 5mEuFEn/ 动议movement / 5mu:vmEnt/ 运动nationality / nAFE5nAliti/ 国籍oligarchy / 5Rliga:ki/ 寡头政治pact / pAkt/ 协定,条约petition / pi5tiFEn/ 请愿philanthropy / fi5lAnWrEpi/ 博爱,仁慈policy / 5pRlisi/ 政策,方针poll / pEul/ 民意测验prejudice / 5predVudis/ 偏见proposition / prRpE5ziFEn/ 建议rebel / 5rebEl, ri5bel/ 叛乱者rebellion / ri5beljEn/ 叛乱regime / rei5Vi:m/ 政权republic / ri5pQblik/ 共和国resolution / rezE5lju:FEn/ 革命slogan / 5slEugEn/ 口号sovereignty / 5sRvrinti/ 主权,独立国spokesman / 5spEuksmEn/ 发言人,代表者statesman / 5steitsmEn/ 政治家treaty / 5tri:ti/ 条约tumult / 5tju:mQlt/ 骚动turbulence / 5tE:bjulEns/ 骚动turmoil / 5tE:mRil/ 骚动,混乱tyranny / 5tirEni/ 暴政tyrant / 5taiErEnt/ 暴君upheaval / Qp5hi:vl/ 暴动uprising / Qp5raiziN/ 起义usurper / ju:5zE:pE/ 篡夺者usurpation / juzE5peFEn/ 篡权vote / vEut/ 投票,选举经济trust / trQst/ 托拉斯investment / in5vestmEnt/ 投资,资产bank / bANk/ 银行cheque / tFek/ 支票(美作:check) transfer / trAns5fE:/ 转让,转帐,过户cash / kAF/ 现金change / tFeindV/ 零钱bill / bil/ 钞票,纸币saving / 5seiviN/ 存款quotation / kwEu5teiFEn/ 报价share / FZE/ 股份,股票bond / bRnd/ 债券interest / 5intrist/ 利息discount / 5diskaunt/ 折扣insurance / in5FuErEns/ 保险mortgage / 5mR:gidV/ 抵押drawing / 5drR:iN/ 取出存款allowance / E5lauEns/ 补贴,补助金,津贴subsidy / 5sQbsidi/ 补贴,补助金,津贴output / 5autput/ 产出,产量productive / prE5dQktiv/ 生产的goods / gudz/ 产品supply / sE5plai/ 供应,补给input / 5input/ 投入productivity / prEdQk5tiviti/ 生产率cost / kRst/ 成本,费用expenditure / iks5penditF/ 开支,支出income / 5inkQm/ 收入,收益earnings / 5E:niNz/ 利润,收益duty / 5dju:ti/ 税tax / tAks/ 税commerce / 5kRmE(:)s/ 贸易trade / treid/ 贸易import / im5pR:t 5impR:t/ 进口export / eks5pR:t, 5ekspR:t/ 出口item / 5aitEm/ 项目,细目manufacturer / mAnju5fAktFErE/ 制造商,制造厂merchant / 5mE:tFEnt/ 商人(英)批发商, (美)零售商consumer / kEn5sju:mE/ 消费者,用户client / 5klaiEnt/ 顾客,客户customer / 5kQstEmE/ 顾客,客户purchase / 5pE:tFEs/ 购买,进货sale / seil/ 销售competition / kRmpE5tiFEn/ 竞争competitive / kEm5petitiv/ 竞争的consumption / kEn5sQmpFEn/ 消费demand / di5ma:nd/ 需求outlet / 5aut-let/ 销路offer / 5RfE/ 报盘,发价monopoly / mE5nRpEli/ 垄断forecast / 5fR:ka:st/ 预测budget / 5bQdVit/ 预算plan / plAn/ 计划estimate / 5estimit, 5estimeit/ 估价journal / 5dVE:nl/ 日记簿turnover / 5tE:nouvE/ 营业额,销售额deficit / 5difisit/ 亏空sum / sQm/ 总数,全额amount / E5maunt/ 总数,总值bill / bil/ 汇票(美作:check) receipt / ri5si:t/ 收据货币dollar / 5dRlE/ 美元cent / sent/ 分quarter / 5kwR:tE/ 二十五美分buck / bQk/ 一美元mark / ma:k/ 马克(德国)pound / paund/ 英镑coin / kRin/ 硬币bill / bil/ 纸币franc / frANk/ 法郎pence / pens/ 便士penny / 5peni/ 便士法律law / lR:/ 法律draft / dra:ft/ 法案,草案bill / bil/ 议案clause / klR:z/ 条款legislation / ledVis5leiFEn/ 立法legal / 5li:gl/ 合法的,依法的abolish / E5bRliF/ 废止,取消prescription / pris5kripFEn/ 剥夺公权judge / dVQdV/ 法官jury / 5dVuEri/ 陪审团lawyer / 5lR:jE/ 律师,法律顾问attorney / E5tE:ni/ 代诉人,代理人inquiry / in5kwaiEri/ 询问,调查hearing / 5hiEriN/ 审讯,审问summary / 5sQmEri/ 速审examination / igzAmi5neiFEn/ 讯问,质问evidence / 5evidEns/ 证据arrest / E5rest/ 逮捕responsibility / rispRnsE5biliti/ 责任liability / laiE5biliti/ 责任sue / sju:/ 起诉,提起公诉action / 5AkFEn/ 诉讼claim / kleim/ 诉讼cause / kR:z/ 诉讼,案件suit / sju:t/ 诉讼,案件complaint / kEm5pleint/ 控告,申诉justice / 5dVQstis/ 审判judge / dVQdV/ 审理,审判trial / 5traiEl/ 审理plead / pli:d/ 辩护claim / kleim/ 辩护plea / pli:/ 辩护evidence / 5evidEns/ 证词charge / tFa:dV/ 公诉书,刑事起诉书proof / pru:f/ 证据,证词evidence / 5evidEns/ 证据,证词dock / dRk/ 被告席sentence / 5sentEns/ 宣判,判决convict / kEn5vikt, 5kRnvikt/ 囚犯,罪犯appeal / E5pi:l/ 上诉crime / kraim/ 犯法offence / E5fens/ 违法(美作:offense) criminal / 5kriminl/ 罪犯attempt / E5tempt/ 未遂罪threat / Wret/ 恐吓menace / 5menEs/ 恐吓murder / 5mE:dE/ 暗杀,行刺plot / plRt/ 结伙阴谋,共谋theft / Weft/ 盗窃fraud / frR:d/ 欺诈penalty / 5penlti/ 处罚prison / 5prizn/ 监狱(美作:jail) prisoner / 5priznE/ 囚犯gaol / dVeil/ 监狱(美作:jail)fine / fain/ 罚款allowance / E5lauEns/ 抚养费lease / li:s/ 租约transfer / trAns5fE:/ 转让assignment / E5sainmEnt/ 转让file / fail/ 文件will / wil/ 遗嘱heir / ZE/ 继承人tutor / 5tju:tE/ 监护人guardian / 5ga:djEn/ 监护人家庭亲属family / 5fAmili/ 家庭marriage / 5mAridV/ 婚姻couple / 5kQpl/ 夫妻parent / 5pZErEnt/ 父母single / 5siNgl/ 单身者male / meil/ 男的female / 5fi:meil/ 女的husband / 5hQzbEnd/ 丈夫father / 5fa:TE/ 父亲foster / 5fRstE/ 领养的mother / 5mQTE/ 母亲wife / waif/ 妻子son / sQn/ 儿子grandson / 5grAndsQn/ 孙子，外孙granddaughter / 5grAnddR:tE/ 孙女，外孙女daughter / 5dR:tE/ 女儿child / tFaild/ 孩子heir / ZE/ 继承人brother / 5brQTE/ 兄弟sister / sistE/ 姐妹twin / twin/ 双胞胎的grandfather / 5grAndfa:TE/ 祖父grandmother / 5grAndmQTE/ 祖母granny / 5grAni/ 奶奶，外婆grandma / 5grAnma:/ 奶奶，外婆grandpa / 5grAnpa:/ 爷爷，外公son-in-law / / 女婿daughter-in-law / / 儿媳father-in-law / 5fa:TEinlR:/ 岳父（公公）mother-in-law / / 岳母（婆婆）stepfather / / 继父stepmother / 5stepmQTE/ 继母uncle / 5QNkl/ 叔父,伯父,舅父,姑父aunt / a:nt/ 婶母,伯母,舅母,姑母nephew / 5nevju:/ 侄儿,外甥niece / ni:s/ 侄女,外甥女cousin / 5kQzn/ 堂兄妹,表兄妹generation / dVenE5reiFEn/ 代descent / di5sent/ 后代,后辈offspring / 5R(:)fspriN/ 后代,后辈身体head / hed/ 头hair / hZE/ 头发face / feis/ 脸cheek / tFi:k/ 脸颊ear / iE/ 耳eye / ai/ 眼lid / lid/ 眼睑nose / nEuz/ 鼻子mouth / mauW/ 嘴lip / lip/ 嘴唇throat / WrEut/ 咽喉tonsil / 5tRnsl/ 扁桃腺tooth / tu:W/ 牙齿denture / 5dentFE/ 假齿gum / gQm/ 牙龈tongue / tQN/ 舌头neck / nek/ 脖子skull / skQl/ 颅骨, 头盖骨brain / brein/ 脑chin / tFin/ 下巴forehead / 5fRrid, 5fR:hed/ 额头temple / 5templ/ 太阳穴mustache / mEs5ta:F/ 小胡子beard / biEd/ 山羊胡whisker / 5wiskE/ 络腮胡sidebums / / 鬓角bald head / / 秃头wrinkle / 5riNkl/ 皱纹mole / mEul/ 痣freckle / 5frekl/ 雀斑dimple / 5dimpl/ 酒涡pimple / 5pimpl/ 粉刺nipple / 5nipl/ 乳头chest / tFest/ 胸部navel / 5neivl/ 肚脐abdomen / 5AbdEmen/ 腹部shoulder / 5FEuldE/ 肩back / bAk/ 背waist / weist/ 腰hip / hip/ 臀部buttock / 5bQtEk/ 屁股collarbone / 5kRlEboun/ 锁骨rib / rib/ 肋骨backbone / 5bAkbEun/ 脊骨, 脊柱breastbone / 5brestboun/ 胸骨joint / dVRint/ 关节pelvis / 5pelvis/ 骨盆sinew / 5sinju:/ 腱muscle / 5mQsl/ 肌肉bone / bEun/ 骨skeleton / 5skelitEn/ 骨骼penis / 5pi:nis/ 阴茎testicle / 5testikl/ 睾丸scroticles / / 阴囊blood vessel / / 血管vein / vein/ 静脉artery / 5a:tEri/ 动脉capillary / kE5pilEri/ 毛细血管nerve / nE:v/ 神经spinal marrow / / 脊髓kidney / 5kidni/ 肾脏windpipe / 5windpaip/ 气管lung / lQN/ 肺heart / ha:t/ 心脏diaphragm / 5daiEfrAm/ 隔膜organ / 5R:gEn/ 器官gullet / 5gQlit/ 食道stomach / 5stQmEk/ 胃liver / 5livE/ 肝脏gall / gR:l/ 胆囊bladder / 5blAdE/ 膀胱pancreas / 5pANkriEs/ 胰腺spleen / spli:n/ 脾duodenum / dju:E5di:nEm/ 十二指肠small intestine / / 小肠large intestine / / 大肠appendix / E5pendiks/ 盲肠rectum / 5rektEm/ 直肠anus / 5einEs/ 肛门urine / 5juErin/ 尿道ovary / 5EuvEri/ 卵巢womb / wu:m/ 子宫vagina / vE5dVainE/ 阴道thumb / WQm/ 大拇指forefinger / 5fR:fiNgE/ 食指middle finger / / 中指third finger / / 无名指little finger / / 小指palm / pa:m/ 手掌nail / neil/ 指甲fist / fist/ 拳头knuckle / 5nQkl/ 指关节back / bAk/ 手背wrist / rist/ 手腕elbow / 5elbEu/ 肘armpit / 5B:mpit/ 腋下thigh / Wai/ 大腿kneecap / ni:kAp/ 膝盖骨thigh / Wai/ 大腿knee / ni:/ 膝盖shank / FANk/ 小腿calf / ka:f/ 小腿肚foot / fut/ 脚instep / 5instep/ 脚背toe / tEu/ 脚趾ankle / 5ANkl/ 踝heel / hi:l/ 脚后跟sole / sEul/ 脚底arch / a:tF/ 脚掌心疾病Disease / di5zi:z/ 疾病anemia / E5ni:miE/ 贫血anemia / E5ni:miE/ 贫血appendicitis / Ependi5saitis/ 阑尾炎arthritis / B:5Wraitis/ 关节炎bronchitis / brRN5kaitis/ 支气管炎cancer / 5kAnsE/ 癌cholera / 5kRlErE/ 霍乱cold / kEuld/ 感冒, 伤风, 着凉diabetes / daiE5bi:tiz/ 糖尿病diphtheria / dif5WiriE/ 白喉eczema / 5eksimE/ 湿疹epilepsy / 5epilepsi/ 癫痫gangrene / 5gANgri:n/ 坏疽headache / 5hedeik/ 头痛hemiplegy / 5hemipli:dVi/ 偏瘫, 半身不遂indigestion / indi5dVestFEn/ 消化不良influenza / influ5enzE/ 流感flu / flu:/ 流感insanity / in5sAniti/ 精神病leukemia / / 白血病malaria / mE5lZEriE/ 疟疾malnutrition / 5mAlnju:5triFEn/ 营养不良measles / 5mi:zlz/ 麻疹mumps / mQmps/ 流行性腮腺炎neuralgia / nju5rAldVE/ 神经痛neurasthenia / njurEs5Wi:niE/ 神经衰弱paralysis / pE5rAlisis/ 麻痹peritonitis / peritE5naitis/ 腹膜炎pharyngitis / fArin5dVaitis/ 咽炎phtisis / / 痨病, 肺结核pneumonia / nju:5mEunjE/ 肺炎poliomyelitis / / 脊髓灰质炎rabies / 5reibi:z/ 狂犬病rheumatism / 5ru:mEtizEm/ 风湿病scarlet fever / 5ska:lit 5fi:vE/ 猩红热septicemia / / 败血病smallpox / 5smR:lpRks/ 天花syphilis / 5sifilis/ 梅毒tetanus / 5tetEnEs/ 破伤风tumour / 5tju:mE/ 瘤typhus / 5taifEs/ 斑疹伤寒hepatitis / hepE5taitis/ 肝炎nephritis / ne5fraitis/ 肾炎体育运动dash / dAF/ 短跑race / reis/ 赛跑high jump / / 跳高long jump / / 跳远throwing / / 投掷运动walk / wR:k/ 竞走football / 5futbR:l/ 足球（美式橄榄球）basketball / 5ba:skitbR:l/ 篮球volleyball / 5vRlibR:l/ 排球badminton / 5bAdmintEn/ 羽毛球tennis / 5tenis/ 网球table tennis / / 乒乓球baseball / 5beisbR:l/ 棒球wrestling / 5resliN/ 摔交boxing / 5bRksiN/ 拳击soccer / 5sRkE/ 足球chess / tFes/ 象棋bridge / bridV/ 桥牌marathon / 5mArEWEn/ 马拉松pole vault / / 撑竿跳shot put / / 推铅球discus / 5diskEs/ 铁饼hammer / 5hAmE/ 链球javelin / 5dVAvElin/ 标枪gymnastics / dVim5nAstiks/ 体操horizontal bar / / 单杠parallel bars / / 双杠rings / / 吊环weight-lifting / / 举重judo / 5dVu:dou/ 柔道fencing / 5fensiN/ 击剑skiing / 5ski:iN/ 滑雪skating / 5skeitiN/ 滑冰figure skating / / 花样滑冰bobsleigh / 5bRbslei/ 雪橇handball / 5hAndbR:l/ 手球hockey / 5hRki/ 曲棍球golf / gRlf/ 高尔夫球cricket / 5krikit/ 板球ice hockey / / 冰球swim / swim/ 游泳breaststroke / ³£ the ~/ 蛙泳backstroke / 5bAkstrouk/ 仰泳freestyle / / 自由泳diving / 5daiviN/ 跳水water polo / / 水球rowing / 5rouiN/ 划船canoe / kE5nu:/ 划艇sailing / 5seiliN/ 帆船运动rally / 5rAli/ 汽车拉力赛植物鲜花azalea / E5zeijE/ 杜鹃花begonia / bi5gounjE/ 秋海棠cactus / 5kAktEs/ 仙人掌camellia / kE5miljE/ 山茶花canna / 5kAnE/ 美人蕉carnation / kB:5neiFEn/ 康乃馨chrysanthemum / kri5sAntFEmEm/ 菊花dahlia / 5deiliE/ 大丽花daisy / 5deizi/ 雏菊datura / dE5tjurE/ 曼陀罗hawthorn / 5hR:WR:n/ 山楂jasmine / 5dVAsmin/ 茉莉lilac / 5lailEk/ 丁香lily / 5lili/ 百合morning glory / / 牵牛花narcissus / nar5sisEs/ 水仙花orchid / 5Rrkid/ 兰花peony / 5pi:Eni/ 牡丹poppy / 5pRpi/ 罂粟花redbud / 5redbQd/ 紫荆rose / rEuz/ 玫瑰rose / rEuz/ 月季tulip / 5tju:lip/ 郁金香violet / 5vaiElit/ 紫罗兰sunflower / 5sQnflauE/ 葵花lotus / 5lEutEs/ 荷花dandelion / 5dAndilaiEn/ 蒲公英水果apple / 5Apl/ 苹果pear / pZE/ 梨apricot / 5eiprikRt/ 杏peach / pi:tF/ 桃grape / greip/ 葡萄banana / bE5na:nE/ 香蕉pineapple / 5painApl/ 菠萝plum / plQm/ 李子watermelon / / 西瓜orange / 5RrindV/ 橙,桔子lemon / 5lemEn/ 柠檬mango / 5mANgou/ 芒果strawberry / 5strR:bEri/ 草莓loquat / 5loukwRt/ 枇杷mulberry / 5mQlbEri/ 桑椹cherry / 5tFeri/ 樱桃pomegranate / 5pRmgrAnit/ 石榴fig / fig/ 无花果persimmon / pE5simEn/ 柿子walnut / 5wR:lnEt/ 胡桃hazelnut / 5heizlnQt/ 榛子peanut / 5pi:nQt/ 花生date / 5deit/ 枣chestnut / 5tFesnQt/ 粟coconut / 5kEukEnQt/ 可可guava / 5gwa:vE/ 番石榴sugarcane / 5FugEkein/ 甘蔗树木pine / pain/ 松larch / lartF/ 落叶松cypress / 5saipris/ 柏树bamboo / bAm5bu:/ 竹poplar / 5pRplE/ 白杨willow / 5wilEu/ 柳树birch / 5bE:tF/ 白桦maple / 5meipl/ 枫树fir / fE:/ 枞树eucalytus / / 桉树locust / 5lEukEst/ 洋槐camphor tree / / 樟树sandalwood / / 檀香木elm / elm/ 榆木树oak / Euk/ 橡树ginkgo / / 银杏树holly / 5hRli/ 冬青coco / 5koukou/ 椰树date / 5deit/ 枣椰树hickory / 5hikEri/ 山核桃树beech / bi:tF/ 山毛榉baobab / 5beiEbAb/ 猴面包树palm / pa:m/ 棕榈树laurel / 5lRrEl/ 月桂树ivy / 5aivi/ 常春藤olive / 5Rliv/ 橄榄树蔬菜tomato / tE5ma:tEu/ 番茄,西红柿asparagus / Es5pArEgEs/ 芦笋cucumber / 5kju:kQmbE/ 黄瓜eggplant / 5ZgplAnt/ 茄子bean / bi:n/ 菜豆beetroot / 5bi:tru:t/ 甜菜根pepper / 5pepE/ 胡椒potato / pEu5teitEu/ 马铃薯carrot / 5kArEt/ 胡萝卜cauliflower / 5kR:lEflauE/ 花菜pumpkin / 5pQmpkin/ 南瓜cabbage / 5kAbidV/ 圆白菜,卷心菜chilli / 5tFili/ 红辣椒capsicum / 5kApsikEm/ 辣椒garlic / 5ga:lik/ 蒜fennel / 5fenl/ 茴香melon / 5melEn/ 香瓜,甜瓜celery / 5selEri/ 芹菜onion / 5QnjEn/ 葱leek / li:k/ 韭菜radish / 5rAdiF/ 萝卜mushroom / 5mQFrum/ 蘑菇lettuce / 5letis/ 莴苣,生菜pea / pi:/ 豌豆spinach / 5spinitF/ 菠菜家畜bitch / bitF/ 雌狗horse / hR:s/ 马mare / mZE/ 母马pony / 5pEuni/ 马驹mule / mju:l/ 骡ass / As/ 驴donkey / 5dRNki/ 驴ox / Rks/ 牛buffalo / 5bQfElEu/ 水牛bull / bul/ 公牛cow / kau/ 母牛calf / ka:f/ 小牛, 牛犊heifer / 5hefE/ 小母牛pig / pig/ 猪swine / swain/ 猪piglet / 5piglit/ 猪崽sheep / Fi:p/ 羊goat / gEut/ 山羊lamb / lAm/ 羊羔,羔羊dog / dRg/ 狗cat / kAt/ 猫kitten / 5kitn/ 小猫kitty / 5kiti/ 小猫pussy / 5pusi, 5pQsi/ 小猫rabbit / 5rAbit/ 兔子mouse / maus/ 家鼠cock / kRk/ 公鸡hen / hen/ 母鸡chicken / 5tFikin/ 鸡, 雏鸡turkey / 5tE:ki/ 火鸡goose / gu:s/ 鹅chicken / 5tFikin/ 小鸡rooster / 5ru:stE/ 公鸡chick / tFik/ 小鸡tomcat / 5tRmkAt/ 雄猫野生动物zebra / 5zi:brE/ 斑马antelope / 5AntilEup/ 羚羊gazelle / gE5zel/ 小羚羊deer / diE/ 鹿reindeer / 5reindiE/ 驯鹿giraffe / dVi5ra:f/ 长颈鹿baboon / bE5bu:n/ 狒狒camel / 5kAmEl/ 骆驼elephant / 5elifEnt/ 象rhinoceros / rai5nRsErEs/ 犀牛hippopotamus / hipE5pRtEmEs/ 河马panda / 5pAndE/ 熊猫lion / 5laiEn/ 狮lynx / liNks/ 猞猁panther / 5pAnWE/ 豹puma / 5pju:mE/ 美洲豹leopard / 5lepEd/ 豹tiger / 5taigE/ 虎wildcat / 5waildkAt/ 野猫bison / 5baisn/ 美洲野牛yak / jAk/ 牦牛badger / 5bAdVE/ 獾weasel / 5wi:zl/ 鼬,黄鼠狼otter / 5RtE/ 水獭fox / fRks/ 狐hyena / hai5i:nE/ 鬣狗wolf / wulf/ 狼squirrel / 5skwirEl/ 松鼠beaver / 5bi:vE/ 河狸marmot / 5mB:mEt/ 土拨鼠bear / bZE/ 熊hare / hZE/ 野兔rat / rAt/ 鼠gopher / / 囊地鼠mole / mEul/ 鼹鼠monkey / 5mQNki/ 猴子chimpanzee / tFimpEn5zi:/ 黑猩猩gorilla / gE5rilE/ 大猩猩orangutan / / 猩猩gibbon / 5gibEn/ 长臂猿anteater / 5Anti:tE/ 食蚁兽platypus / 5plAtipEs/ 鸭嘴兽kangaroo / kANgE5ru:/ 袋鼠koala / kE5RlE/ 考拉, 树袋熊hedgehog / hedVhRg/ 刺猬porcupine / 5pR:kjupain/ 箭猪, 豪猪bat / bAt/ 蝙蝠whale / weil/ 鲸dolphin / 5dRlfin/ 海豚seal / 5si:l/ 海豹walrus / 5wR:lrEs/ 海象鸟类phoenix / 5fi:niks/ 凤凰eagle / 5i:gl/ 鹰condor / 5kRndR:/ 秃鹰hawk / hR:k/ 鹰falcon / 5fR:lkEn, 5fR:kEn/ 隼heron / 5herEn/ 苍鹰kite / kait/ 鹞vulture / 5vQltFE/ 秃鹫peacock / 5pi:kRk/ 孔雀duck / dQk/ 鸭pelican / 5pelikEn/ 鹈鹕cormorant / 5kRrmErEnt/ 鸬鹚swan / swRn/ 天鹅wild goose / / 雁pigeon / pidVin/ 鸽子pheasant / 5fZznt/ 雉, 野鸡quail / kweil/ 鹌鹑ostrich / 5RstritF/ 鸵鸟stork / stR:k/ 鹳seagull / / 海鸥albatross / 5AlbEtrRs/ 信天翁kingfisher / 5kiNfiFE/ 翠鸟woodpecker / 5wudpekE/ 啄木鸟parrot / 5pArEt/ 鹦鹉cuckoo / 5kuku:/ 杜鹃,布谷鸟crow / krEu/ 乌鸦magpie / 5mAgpai/ 喜鹊swallow / 5swRlEu/ 燕子sparrow / 5spArEu/ 麻雀nightingale / 5naitiNgeil/ 夜莺canary / kE5nZEri/ 金丝雀starling / 5sta:liN/ 八哥thrush / WrQF/ 画眉goldfinch / 5gouldfintF/ 金翅雀robin / 5rRbin/ 知更鸟lark / la:k/ 云雀penguin / 5pengwin/ 企鹅owl / aul/ 枭,猫头鹰throstle / 5WrRsl/ 画眉鸟其他snake / sneik/ 蛇cobra / 5kEubrE/ 眼镜蛇python / 5paiWRn/ 蟒蛇rattlesnake / 5rAtlsneik/ 响尾蛇lizard / 5lizEd/ 蜥蜴chameleon / kE5mi:ljEn/ 变色龙,避役wall lizard / / 壁虎crocodile / 5krRkEdail/ 鳄鱼, 非洲鳄turtle / 5tE:tl/ 海龟tortoise / 5tR:tEs/ 龟frog / frRg/ 青蛙tadpole / 5tAdpEul/ 蝌蚪toad / tEud/ 蟾蜍snail / sneil/ 蜗牛cuttlefish / 5kQtlfiF/ 乌贼squid / skwid/ 枪乌贼,鱿鱼octopus / 5RktEpEs/ 章鱼clam / klAm/ 蚌mussel / 5mQsl/ 淡菜,贻贝oyster / 5RistE/ 牡蛎scallop / 5skRlEp/ 扇贝sea urchin / / 海胆goldfish / 5gouldfiF/ 金鱼sperm / spE:m/ 巨头鲸carp / ka:p/ 鲤鱼crucian / 5kru:FEn/ 鲫鱼chub / / 鲢鱼eel / i:l/ 鳗鱼herring / 5heriN/ 青鱼, 鲱鱼mullet / 5mQlit/ 黑鱼perch / pE:tF/ 鲈鱼salmon / 5sAmEn/ 鲑鱼trout / traut/ 鳟鱼anchovy / 5AntFEvi/ 凤尾鱼codfish / 5kRdfiF/ 鳕鱼sardine / sa:5di:n/ 沙丁鱼sailfish / 5seilfiF/ 旗鱼sea horse / / 海马shark / Fa:k/ 鲨鱼tunny / 5tQni/ 金枪鱼prawn / prRn/ 明虾shrimp / Frimp/ 虾crayfish / 5kreifiF/ 小龙虾, 喇蛄lobster / 5lRbstE/ 龙虾crab / krAb/ 蟹ant / Ant/ 蚂蚁termite / 5tE:mait/ 白蚁bee / bi:/ 蜜蜂honeybee / 5hQnibi:/ 蜜蜂wasp / wRsp/ 黄蜂, 胡蜂beetle / 5bi:tl/ 甲壳虫fly / flai/ 苍蝇horsefly / 5hR:sflai/ 厩蝇,牛虻flea / fli:/ 跳蚤louse / laus/ 虱子, 白虱spider / 5spaidE/ 蜘蛛mosquito / mEs5ki:tEu/ 蚊wiggler / 5wiglE/ 孑孓ladybug / 5ledibQg/ 瓢虫firefly / 5faiEflai/ 萤火虫cicada / si5kedE/ 蝉dragonfly / 5drAgEnflai/ 蜻蜓cricket / 5krikit/ 蟋蟀locust / 5lEukEst/ 蝗虫grasshopper / 5gra:shRpE/ 蚱蜢mantis / 5mAntis/ 螳螂caterpillar / 5kAtEpilE/ 毛虫centipede / 5sentipi:d/ 蜈蚣butterfly / 5bQtEflai/ 蝴蝶butterfly / 5bQtEflai/ 白蝴蝶moth / mRW/ 蛾bug / bQg/ 臭虫cockroach / 5kak5rEutF/ 蟑螂scorpion / 5skR:piEn/ 蝎子earthworm / 5E:WwE:m/ 蚯蚓fishworm / 5fiFwE:m/ 蚯蚓leech / 5li:tF/ 蚂蝗, 水蛭roundworm / 5raundwE:m/ 蛔虫饮食nutrition / nju:5triFEn/ 营养appetite / 5Apitait/ 胃口hunger / 5hQNgE/ 饥饿thirst / WE:st/ 口渴的hungry / 5hQNgri/ 饥饿的thirsty / 5WE:sti/ 口渴的gluttony / 5glQtni/ 暴食greed / gri:d/ 贪嘴overfeeding / / 吃得过多diet / 5daiEt/ 食谱banquet / 5bANkwit/ 宴会breakfast / 5brekfEst/ 早餐lunch / lQntF/ 午餐dinner / 5dinE/ 正餐supper / 5sQpE/ 晚饭soup / su:p/ 汤entree / 5Rntrei/ 正菜dessert / di5zE:t/ 甜点snack / snAk/ 点心,小吃can / kAn/ 罐头tin / tin/ 听fruit / fru:t/ 水果vegetable / 5vedVitEbl/ 蔬菜beancurd / / 豆腐crisp / krisp/ 炸土豆片chips / tFips/ 炸薯条milk / milk/ 奶egg / eg/ 蛋肉类meat / mi:t/ 肉beef / bi:f/ 牛肉veal / vi:l/ 小牛肉lamb / lAm/ 羊肉mutton / 5mQtn/ 羊肉sirloin / 5sE:lRin/ 牛脊肉steak / 5steik/ 牛排chop / tFRp/ 排骨cutlet / 5kQtlit/ 肉条stew / stju:/ 炖肉roast / rEust/ 烤肉pork / pR:k/ 猪肉ham / hAm/ 火腿bacon / 5beikEn/ 咸肉sausage / 5sRsidV/ 香肠chicken / 5tFikin/ 鸡turkey / 5tE:ki/ 火鸡duck / dQk/ 鸭fish / fiF/ 鱼broth / brRW/ 肉汤调料spice / spais/ 调料salt / sR:lt/ 盐vinegar / 5vinigE/ 醋sauce / sR:s/ 酱油oil / Ril/ 油salad oil / / 色拉油pepper / 5pepE/ 辣椒mustard / 5mQstEd/ 芥末clove / klEuv/ 丁香cheese / tFi:z/ 奶酪butter / 5bQtE/ 奶油主食noodle / 5nu:dl/ 面条,挂面rice / rais/ 米饭loaf / lEuf/ 长面包biscuit / 5biskit/ (英)饼干,(美)小面包Pizza / 5pi:tsE/ 比萨饼bread / bred/ 面包crust / krQst/ 面包皮cake / keik/ 蛋糕cookie / 5kuki/ 小甜饼mooncake / 5mu:nkeik/ 月饼pie / pai/ 馅饼hamburg / 5hAmbE:g/ 汉堡包pancake / 5pAnkeik/ 薄煎饼sandwich / 5sAnwidV/ 三明治,夹肉面包饮料tea / ti:/ 茶coffee / 5kRfi/ 咖啡juice / dVu:s/ 果汁wine / wain/ 葡萄酒beverage / 5bevEridV/ 饮料drink / driNk/ 饮料mineral water / / 矿泉水lemonade / lemE5neid/ 柠檬水beer / biE/ 啤酒claret / 5klArEt/ 波尔多红葡萄酒cider / 5saidE/ 苹果酒champagne / FAm5pein/ 香槟酒cocktail / 5kRkteil/ 鸡尾酒vodka / 5vRdkE/ 伏特加whisky / 5wiski/ 威士忌brandy / 5brAndi/ 白兰地martini / ma:5ti:ni/ 马提尼酒餐具menu / 5menju:/ 菜单,菜谱bowl / bEul/ 碗table / 5teibl/ 餐桌tablecloth / 5teiblklRW/ 桌布napkin / 5nApkin/ 餐巾cutlery / 5kQtlEri/ 餐具fork / fR:k/ 叉spoon / spu:n/ 匙teaspoon / 5ti:spu:n/ 茶匙ladle / 5leidl/ 长柄勺knife / naif/ 刀glass / gla:s/ 玻璃杯。
电镀专业术语的中英文对照及名词解释范文
电镀专业术语的中英文对照及名词解释ABS塑料电镀 plastic plating processpH计 pH meter 测定溶液pH值的仪器。
螯合剂 chelating agent 能与金属离子形成螯合物的物质。
半光亮镍电镀 semi-bright nickel plating solution表面活性剂 surface active agent(surfactant) 能显著降低界面张力的物质，常用作洗涤剂、乳化剂、润湿剂、分散剂、起泡剂等。
不连续水膜 water break 制件表面因污染所引起的不均匀润湿性而使其水膜不连续的现象，这是一种检查清洗程度的方法。
超声波清洗 ultrasonic cleaning 用超声波作用于清洗溶液，以更有效地除去制件表面油污及其他杂质的方法。
冲击镀 strik plating 在特定的溶液中以高的电流密度，短时间电沉积出金属薄层，以改善随后沉积镀层与基体间结合力的方法。
除氢 removal of hydrogen(de-embrittlement) 金属制件在一定温度下加热或采用其他处理方法以驱除金属内部吸收氢的过程。
粗化 roughening 用机械法或化学法除去金属制件表面得到微观粗糙，使之由憎液性变为亲液性，以提高镀层与制件表面之间的结合力的一种非导电材料化学镀前处理工艺。
大气暴露试验 atmospheric corrosion rest 在不同气候区的暴晒场按规定方法进行的一种检验镀层耐大气腐蚀性能的试验。
电镀 electroplating 利用电解在制件表面形成均匀、致密、结合良好的金属或合金沉积层的过程。
电镀用阳极 anodes for plating电解浸蚀 electrolytic pickling 金属制件作为阳极或阴极在电解质溶液中进行电解以清除制件表面氧化物和锈蚀物的过程。
电抛光 electropolishing 金属制件在合适的溶液中进行阳极极化处理以使表面平滑、光亮的过程。
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表appropriateness适宜性得体性broadening词义扩大Aapproximant无摩擦延续音Browncorpus布朗语料库abbreviation缩写词，略语aptitudetest素质测试Cablative夺格，离格Arabic阿拉伯语calculability可计算性accent重音（符）arbitrariness任意性calque仿造仿造词语accusative宾格argument中项中词主目cancellability可删除achievementtest成绩测试article冠词cardinalnumeral基数acousticphonetics声学语音学articulation发音cardinalvowel基本元音acquisition习得articulator发音器官case格acronym缩略语articulatoryphonetics发音语音学casegrammar格语法actionprocess动作过程artificialspeech人工言语casetheory格理论actor动作者aspect体category范畴addressform称呼形式aspirated吐气送气categoricalcomponent范畴成分addressee受话人assimilation同化causative使役的使投动词addresser发话人associative联想center中心词adjective形容词associativemeaning联想意义centraldeterminer中心限定词adjunct修饰成分附加语assonance准压韵半谐音chainrelation链状关系adverb副词attributive属性修饰语定语chainsystem链状系统affix词缀auditoryphonetics听觉语音学choice选择affixation词缀附加法authenticinput真实投入choicesystem选择系统affricate塞擦音authorialstyle权威风格circumstance环境因子agreement一致关系authoringprogram编程class词类airstream气流autonomy自主性classshift词性变换alliteration头韵auxiliary助词clause小句从句allomorph词/语素变体auxiliaryverb助动词click吸气音咂音allophone音位变体Bclipping截断法allophonicvariation音位变体babblingstage婴儿语阶段closedclass封闭类allophony音位变体现象back-formation逆构词法closedsyllable闭音节alveolarridge齿龈basecomponent基础部分cluster音丛alveolar齿龈音behaviouralprocess行为过程coarticulation协同发音ambiguity歧义behaviourism行为主义coda结尾音节符尾analogicalcreation类推造字bilabial双唇音code语码信码anapest抑抑扬格bilabialnasal双唇鼻音cognitivepsychology认知心理学anaphor前指替代bilateralopposition双边对立cognitivesystem认知系统anaphoricreference前指照应bilingualism双语现象coherence相关关联animate有生命的binarydivision二分法cohension衔接annotation注解binaryfeature二分特征co-hyponym同下义词antecedent先行词前在词binarytaxonomy二分分类学colligation类连结anthropologicallinguistics人类语言binding制约collocativemeaning搭配意义学bindingtheory制约论colorword色彩词anticipatorycoarticulation逆化协同blade舌叶舌面前部colorwordsystem色彩词系统发音blankverse无韵诗command指令antonomasia换称代类名blending混成法commoncore共核antonym反义词borrowing借用借词commonnoun普通名词antonymy反义(关系)boundmorpheme粘着语素communication交际appellative称谓性boundingtheory管辖论communicativecompetence交际能appliedlinguistics应用语言学bracketing括号法力appliedsociolinguistics应用社会语brevitymaxim简洁准则communicativedynamism,CD交际言学bridging架接性动力appropriacy适宜性broadtranscription宽式音标communicativelanguageteaching,CLT交际语言教学法consequent跟随成分cross-linguistic跨语言的communicativeSentencePattern,CSPconsonance辅音韵culturally-specific文化特异的交际性句子模式consonant辅音curriculum教学大纲communicativesyllabus交际教学大constantopposition不变对立customizing定制的纲constative表述的Dcommunicativetest交际性测试constituentcommand成分指令dactyl扬抑抑格communicative-grammaticalapproachconstituentproposition成分命题Danilanguage达尼语交际-语法教学法constituentstructureanalysis成分结dataretrieval,DR资料检索compactdisk激光盘database数据库构分析comparativedegree比较级constituent成分dative(case)与格competence能力construct编制dativemovement与格移动complement补语constructvalidity编制效度declarative陈述句complementaryantonym互补反义词construction构建decoding解码complementaryantonymy互补反义constructivism构建主义deductive演绎的关系contentanalysis内容分析deepstructure深层结构complementarydistribution互补分contentvalidity内容效度defeasibility消除可行性布contentword实义词definite有定的complexpredicate复合谓语contextdependent语境依赖的degeneratedata无用的语料component成分contextofsituation情景语境deixis指称componentialanalysis成分分析context语境delicacy精密阶compositeproposition复合命题contextualanalyses语境分析denotation外延指称compositionality复合性contextualmeaning语境意义dental齿音compound复合词复合句contrastiveanalysis对比分析dentalization齿音化comprehension理解controltheory控制理论derivation衍生computation计算controlledlanguage有控制的语言derivationalaffix衍生词汇computationallinguistics计算语言学convention常规规约derivationalmorphology派生形态学computationalsystem计算系统conventionalmeaning常规意义规约descriptiveadequacy描写充分性computer-assistedlearning,CAL计算descriptivelinguistics描写语言学意义机辅助学习conventionality常规性规约性designfeature结构特征computercorpus计算机语料库conversationalimplicature会话含义determiner限定词computerhardware计算机硬件conversationalmaxim会话准则developinggrammar发展语法computerliteracy计算机操作能力converseantonymy相反反义现象deviant变体computernetworks计算机网络conversion变换deviation偏离变异computersystem计算机系统cooperativeprinciple,CP合作原则devoicing清音化computer-assistedinstruction,CAI计coordinateconstruction并列结构diachroniclinguistics历时语言学算机辅助教学coordination并列diachronic历时的computer-assistedlearning,CALL计算coreferential互参的diacritic附加符号变音符机辅助语言学习coronal舌面前音diagnostictest诊断性测试conative意动的corpusdata语料库语料dialect方言concept概念corpus(plcorpora)语料素材dialectology方言学conceptualmeaning概念意义corpuslinguistics语料库语言学digitizedsound数字化语音concord一致（关系）context上下文dimetre二音步诗行concordance共现关系countable可数（名词）diphthong二合元音双元音concretenoun具体名词counterfactualproposition反事实命directobject直接宾语concurrent同时发生的directspeech,DS直接言语题conjugation词形变化couplet对句对联directthought,DT直接思想conjunct连接副词creativity创造性原创性directionality方向性conjunction连接词Creole克里澳尔语混和语discourse语篇话语conjunctionbuttressing连接词支撑cross-culturalcommunication跨文化discourseanalysis语篇分析话语分析connotation内涵discourseinterpretation语篇理解交际discrete分离的离散的finite有定的有限的民族学discrete-pointgrammar离散语法etic非位的素的finitestategrammar有限状态语discretepointtest分立性测试eventprocess事件过程法disjunction分离关系example-basedmachinetranslationfirst-personnarrator第一人称叙述displacement移位基于例句的机器翻译者dissimilation异化（作用）exchangeerror交换错误Firthianphonology弗斯音系学distinctivefeature区别性特征exchangesequence交际序列flap闪音distinguisher辩义成分exchangestructure交际结构flexibility灵活性变通性do-insertionruledo添加规则exhaustive穷尽的彻底的floppydisk软盘domain范围领域existent存在物focus焦点中心dorsal舌背音舌中音existential存在句folketymology俗词源学民间词源dorsum舌背（音）existentialprocess存在过程foregroundedfeatures突出特征doublecomparative双重比较existentialquantifier存在数量词foregrounding突出前景话drill-and-practicesoftware操练软件exocentric外向的foreignlanguageteaching外语教D-structureD结构exocentricconstruction外向结构学dual双数experiential经验的form形式dualisticview二分观点experientialfunction经验功能formaldifference形式差异duality二重性experimentalpsycholinguistics实验formalization形式化Eformation形成心理语言学earlyModernEnglish早期现代英语explanatoryadequacy解释充分性formative构形成分构词成分economy经济性简洁性explicitgrammarinstruction,EGI明freeform自由形式ejective爆发音freeindirectspeech,FIS自由间接言显的语法教学法electronicmail电子邮件expressionminimization表达最底程语ElizabethanEnglish伊利莎白时期英freeindirectthought,FIT自由间接思度语expressive表达的想ellipsis省略（法）extendedstandardtheory,EST扩展freemorpheme自由语素ellipticalsentencestructure省略句子freerootmorpheme自由词根语标准理论结构extensive引申的扩展的素embeddedelement嵌入成分extent-conditionformat程度条件格freevariant自由变体emic位学的freeverse自由韵文式emotive感情的externalevaluation外部评估French法语empirical经验主义的externalqualifier外部修饰语frequencyeffect频率效应empiricaldata经验主义的语料extrinsicsourcesoferror外在的错误fricative（摩）擦音empiricalvalidity经验效度friction摩擦来源empiricism经验主义eyemovement眼部移动front舌面前舌前的emptycategory,EC空范畴Ffullyautomatichighqualitytranslation,enablingskills使成技能化facevalidity卷面效度FAHQT全自动高质量翻译encoding编码facilitation便利促进functionword功能词endrhyme末端韵Fasoldfunction功能endocentricconstruction内向结构feasibility可行性functionalgrammar功能语法entailment蕴涵feature特征functionallinguistics功能语言学entrycondition入列条件feedback反馈functionalsentenceperspective,FSPepenthesis插音增音felicitycondition适宜性条件恰当条功能句子观equipollentopposition均等对立functionsoflanguage语言功能件equivalence相等feminine阴性fusion溶合equivalencereliability相等信度fiction小说fuzzy模糊的erroranalysis错误分析figurativelanguage比喻性语言象征GEST科技英语genderdifference性别差异性语言ethnicityidentity民族认同figuresofspeech修辞手段修辞格generallinguistics普通语言学ethnographyofcommunication交际finiteelement有定成分generalisation概括generativegrammar生成语法historicallinguistics历史语言学indicative陈述式陈述语气generativesemantics生成语言学holophrasticstage单词句阶段indirectobject间接宾语genitive属格所有格homonym同音/形异议词indirctspeech,IS间接言语genre体裁语类HopiHopi语indirectthought,IT间接思想German德语horizontalrelation链状关系Indo-Europeanlanguages印欧语given(information)已给信息Hornscale霍恩阶言globaltask整体任务humancognitivesystem人类认知系inference推论推理glottal喉音inferencedrawing推论统glottalstop喉塞音humanlanguage人类语言inferentialcommunication推论交goal目标humanspeech人类言语际governmenttheory支配理论humantranslation人译infinitive不定式government支配hypercorrection矫枉过正infix中缀grammaticalanalysis语法分析hyponym下义词inflection屈折（变化）grammaticalfunction;;hyponymy下义关系inflectionalaffix屈折词缀grammaticalstructure语法结构hypothesis假设inflectionalmorphology屈折形态gradableantonymy分等级的反义关hypothesis-deduction假设-演绎学系Iinflectiveendings屈折结尾gradualopposition渐次对立iamb抑扬格informationretrieval信息检索grammaticalcategory语法范畴iambicpentameter抑扬格五音步诗informationstructure信息结构grammaticalconcept语法概念informative(function)信息功行grammaticaldescription语法描写ICanalysis直接成分分析法能grammaticalform语法形式ICALL(intelligentCALL)智能计算机innateness先天性grammaticalmarker语法标记innatenesshypothesis（语法）天赋辅助语言学习grammaticalmeaning语法意义ideational(function)概念功假设grammaticalorganization语法组input输入能成identifying认同的inputhypothesis语言输入说grammaticalpattern语法类型idiom成语习语instrumental(function)工具功grammaticalprocess语法过程idiomatically-governed习语支配能grammaticalrule语法规则integrativetest综合性测试的grammaticalsentencepattern,GSPill-formedsentences不合适的句intensifier强调成分语法句形子intensive强调的增强的grammaticalstructure语法结illocutionaryact话中行为施为性行interactional(function)交互功构为能grammaticalsubject语法主语illocutionaryforce言外作用施为作interdental齿间音grammaticalsystem语法系统interface界面用grammaticalword语法词imaginative(function)想象功能interference干扰graphiticform文字形式immediacyassumption即时假定interjection感叹词GriceanmaximGrice准则immediateconstituentanalysis直接interlanguage中介语group词组interlingua国际语成分分析法guttural腭音imperativerule祈使规则interlingualapproach语际法Himperative祈使语气命令的interlocutor会话者half-rhyme半韵implicate意含internalevaluation内部评估hardpalate硬腭implication蕴涵含义internalstructure内部结构head中心词中心成分implicationconnective蕴涵连接internationalphoneticalphabet,IPA headedconstruction中心结构implicature含义言外之意国际音标heptameter七音步诗行impliedmeaning蕴涵意义internet互联网hierarchicalstructure等级结构implosive内破裂音内爆音interpersonal人际的hierarchicalsystem等级系统inanimate无生命的interpersonalfunction人际功hierarchy等级体系inclusivenessrelation内包意义能high高（元音）indefinite不定的，无定的interpretation解释interrogativesentence疑问句langue语言（系统）loantranslation翻译借词intonation语调larynx喉头loanblend混合借词intra-linguisticrelation语言内关系lateral边音旁流音loanshift转移借词intransitive不及物的Latin拉丁语loanword借词intrinsicsourcesoferror错误的内Latingrammar拉丁语法localareanetworks,LAN局域网源laxvowel松元音locutionaryact发话行为，表述性言invariableword不变词length长度音长语行为invention新创词语letter字母logicalcomponent逻辑成分inversion倒置，倒装level层，级，平面logicalconnective逻辑连词IPAchart国际音标图Levinson,Stephenlogicalformcomponent逻辑式成IPSsymbol国际音标符号lexeme词位词素分irony讽刺反话lexicalambiguity词汇歧义logicalformrepresentation逻辑式表isolatedopposition孤立对立lexicalchange词汇变化达Italian意大利语lexicallevel词汇层logicalformula逻辑公式Jlexicalmeaning词汇意义logicalfunction逻辑功能Japanese日语lexicalmorphology词汇形态学logicalsemantics逻辑语义学jargon黑话行语lexicalstudies词汇研究logicalstructure逻辑结构Jesperson,Ottolexicalword词汇词logicalsubject逻辑主语Johnson&Johnsonlexicogrammar词汇语法logophoricity词照应Johnsonlexicon词汇词典LondonSchool伦敦学派Jones,Daniellexis词longvowed长元音Kliaison连音连续lossofsound语音脱落kernelsentence核心句limerick打油诗loudness响度keyword关键词line诗行Mknowledge知识linearphonology线性音系学machinetranslation机器翻knowninformation已知信息linearstructure线形结构译Krashenlinguisticuniversity语言普遍性macrolinguistics宏观语言学Kruszewski,Mikolajlinguisticbehaviour语言行为macroproposition宏观命题Kuno,Susumolinguisticbehaviourpotential语言行macrostructure宏观结构Lmainclause主句为潜势label标示标记linguisticcompetence语言能Malinowski,Bronislawlabial唇音man-machinesymbiosis人机共生力labiodental唇齿音linguisticcontext语言语境上下文mannermaxim方式准则language语言linguisticdata语言素材mannerofarticulation发音方式languageacquisitiondevice,LAD语linguisticdescription语言描写marked标记的言习得机制linguisticdeterminism语言决定masculine阳性languageattitude语言态度matalinguistic元语言学的论languagechoice语言选择linguisticfacts语言事实material(process)物质过程languagecomprehension语言理linguisticrelativity语言相对性mathematicalprinciples数学原解linguisticsexism语言性别歧视理languagedata语言素材linguisticstructure语言结构maxim准则languagelearning语言学习linguistictheory语言理论maximalonsetprinciple最大节首辅languagemaintenance语言维护linguisticunit语言单位音原则languageprocessing语言处理linguisticuniversal语言普遍meaningpotential意义潜languagestructure语言结构性势languagesystem语言系统linguisticvariation语言变异meaningshift转移languageteaching语言教linguistics语言学meaning意学liprounding圆唇化义languageuniversal语言普遍性literallanguage本义语言mental(processs)思维过程心理过languageuse语言使用literarystylistics文学文体学程mentalism心灵主义node节变化message信息mothertongue母语本族nominalgroup名词词组metafunction元功能nominalization名词化语metalinguistic元语言的motivation动因动机nominative主格metaphor隐喻move（移动）non-authenticinput非真实语料的输metathesis换位（作用）MT机器翻译入metonymy换喻转喻MTquality机译质量non-contrastiveanalysis非对比性分metre韵律multilateralopposition多边对立析metricalpatterning韵律格式multi-levelphonology多层次音系non-conventionality非规约性microcomputer微机non-detachability非可分离性学microprocessor微处理器multilingualism多语制多语现象non-linearphonology非线性音系mid中（元音）N学mind思维narratee被叙述者non-linguisticentity非语言实体minimalattachmenttheory最少接触narrator叙述者non-pulmonicsound非肺闭塞音理论narrators’representationofspeechnon-reciprocaldiscourse非交替性语minimalpair最小对立体acts,NRSA言语行为的叙述者表篇minimalistprogramnon-reflexivepronoun非反身代词达minimumfreeform最小自由形narrator’respresentationofspeech,nonsensewordstage无意义词语阶式NRS言语的叙述者表达段mirrormaxim镜像准则narrator’respresentationofthoughtnonverbalcues非言语提示mistake错误acts,NRTA思维行为的叙述者表norm规范modalsubject语气主语notationsystem标写系统达modalverb情态动词narrator’repsresentationofthought,notion意念modality情态NRT思维的叙述者表达notional-functionalsyllabus意念功能modernFrench现代法语narrowtranscription窄式音标教学大纲modification修饰narrowing狭窄化nounphrase名词短语modifier修饰语nasal鼻音noun名词monomorphemic单语素的nasalcavity鼻腔numbersystem数字系统monophonemic单音位的nasalsound鼻音number数字monophthong单元音nasalstop鼻塞音Omonosyllabic单音节的nasaltract鼻道object宾语Motaguegrammar蒙太古语法nasality鼻音性object-deletion宾语省略mood语气nasalization鼻音化objectivecase宾格morph形素词素形式Nash,Walterobjectivity客观性morpheme语素词素形nativespeaker操本族语者obligatory强制性素naturallanguage自然语言observationaladequacy观察充分morpheme-exchangeerror词素交错naturalisticdata自然语料性误near-adultgrammar近成人语法abstruction阻塞morphemicshape词素形状negation否定否定结构OCRscanner光学字符阅读器扫描morphemicstructure词素结构negative否定的仪morphemictranscription词素标negativeinterference负面干扰octametre八音步诗行音negativemarker否定标记OldEnglish古英语morphologicalchange形态变化negativetransfer负转移one-placepredicate一位谓语morphologicalrule形态规则neogrammarian新语法学家on-linetranslation在线翻译morphology形态学network网络onomatopoeia拟声词morpho-phonemiccomponent形态networkcomputer网络计算机onset节首辅音音位成分neutralizableopposition可中立对openclass开放类morphophonemics形态音位学opensyllable开音节立morphophonology形态音系学newinformation新信息operationalsystem操作系统morpho-syntacticalchange形态句法newstylistics新文体学operative可操作性operator操作词person人称polysyllabic多音节（词）oppositenessrelation对立关系personal(function)自指性功能polysystemicanalysis多系统分析opposition对立pharyngeal咽头音喉音Portugese葡萄牙语optimalrelevance最适宜关联pharynx喉头positivetransfer正移转option选择phatic(communion)寒暄交谈交感性possessive所有的属有的optional可选择的possiblegrammar可能语言的语谈话oralcavity口腔phone音素音子法oralstop口阻塞音phonematicunit音声单位postalveolar后齿龈音ordinalnumeral序数词phoneme音位post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics后布龙originoflanguage语言起源phoneticalphabet音标菲尔德语言学orthography正字法phoneticformcomponent语音形式postdeterminer后限定词ostensivecommunication直示交post-structuralistview后结构主义观部分际phoneticsimilarity语音相似性点output产出phoneticsymbol语音符号pragmaticinference语用推论overgeneralization过分法则化phonetictranscription标音pragmaticroles语用角色Ppragmatics语用学（法）palatal腭音舌面中音phonetics语音学PragueSchool布拉格学palatal-alveolar腭齿龈音phonologicalanalysis音位分析派palatalization（硬）腭化phonologicalcomponent音位部predeterminer前限定词paradigm聚合体predicatecalculus谓语演算分paradigmaticrelation聚合关phonologicallevel音系层predicatelogic谓语逻辑系phonologicalprocess音位过程predicate谓语paraphrase释义意译phonologicalrepresentation音位表predicator谓语（动）词parole言语predictivevalidity预测效度达partofspeech词类phonologicalrule音位规则pre-editing预先编辑译前加工participant参与者phonologicalstructure音位结构prefix前缀particle小品词语助词phonologicalsystem音位系统pre-modifiedinput预修正的输particulargrammar特定语的语phonologicalvariant音位变体入法phonology音系学premodifier前修饰语partitive部分的部分格phrasalverb短语动词preposition介词passivetransformation被动转phrase短语prepositionalcalculus介词演算换phrasestructure短语结构prepositionallogic介词逻辑passive(voice)被动语态phrasestructuregrammar短语结构prepositionalopposition介词对patterndrilltechnique句型操练语法立法phrasestructurerule,PSrule短语结prepositionalphrase介词短pattern模式构规则语patterning制定模式pidgin皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外prescriptive规定式pause停顿presupposition前提预设语peak（节）峰Pitch音高声调高低primarycardinalvowel主要基本元perceptualspan感知时距placeofarticulation发音部位音perfectionism完善主义play剧本primarystress主重音第一重音perfective完成体plosion爆破principleofinformativeness信息性performancetest语言运用测试plosive爆破音爆发音原则performance语言运plural复数principleofleasteffort最省力原用pluralism多元主义则performative(verb)行事性动plurality复数形式principleofquantity数量原则词poetic(function)诗学功能privativeopposition表非对立表缺对perlocutionaryact话后行为poetry诗歌立perseverativecoarticulation重复性polymorphemic(word)多语素process过程协同发音词productionerror产生性错误productivity多产性realisation体现R-principle关联原则proficiencytest水平测试recall回忆rulesystem规则系统pro-form代词形式替代形式receivedpronunciation,RP标准发rule-basedapproaches基于规则的programminglanguage编程语言音方法progressive进行体receiver受话者信息接受者rulesoflanguage语言规则progressiveassimilation顺同化recencyeffect近期效应Sprojectionrule投射规则recognition识别samenessrelation相同关系pronominal代词recursion可溯Sanskrit梵文pronoun代词recursive可溯的还原的Sapir-WhorfHypothesis萨丕尔-沃夫pronunciation发音recursiveness递归性假设pronunciationdictionary发音词典reference所指参照Saussure索绪尔pronunciation发音referentialmeaning所指意义scaleofdelicacy精密阶proportionalopposition部分对referentialtheory所指理论schema图式立referential所指的scheme-orientedlanguage面向图式proposition命题reflectedmeaning反映意义的语言prosestyle散文风格reflexive(form)反身形式secondlanguageacquisition第二语prosodicanalysis节律分析超音质分regionaldialect地域方言言习得析register语域secondarycardinalvowel次要基本元psycholinguistics心理语言学regressiveassimilation逆同化音psycholinguistic-sociolinguisticregulatory(function)控制性语言功secondarystress次重音approach心理-社会语言学方法segment音段能psychologicalreality心理现实relationmaxim关系准则selectionrestriction选择限制psychologicalsubject心理主语relationalopposite关系对立selectionalrules选择规则psychologyoflanguage语言心理学relationalprocess关系过程self-reflexive自反身psychometric-structuralistapproachrelativeclause关系分句关系从句semanticassociationnetwork语义关心理测定-结构主义法relativepronoun关系代词联网络pulmonicsound肺闭塞音relativeuninterruptibility相对的非间semanticchange语义变化Putonghua普通话semanticcomponent语义部断性Qrelevancetheory关联理论分Q-basedimplicature基于质量的含reliability信度semanticfeature特征义repetition重复semanticinterpretation语义解释Q-principle质量原则representationalsystem表达系统semanticinterpretativerules语义解quality质representational表达实体释规则量residue剩余成分semanticprocess语义过程restrictedlanguage限制性语言semanticrepresentation语义表达qualitymaxim质量准则retrievalprocess检索过程semanticsentencepattern,SSP语义quantifier数量词retrievalsystem检索系统句型quantitativeanalysis定量分析retroflexsound卷舌音semantictriangle语义三角quantitativeparadigm数量变化表reverserhyme反陨semantics语义学quantitymaxim数量准则revisedextendedstandardtheory,semi-consonant半辅音quatrain四行诗REST修正扩展标准理论semioticsystem符号系统Rrewritingrules重写规则semiotics符号学range范围rheme述位semi-vowel半元音rank级rhetoricalskill修辞技能senserelation意义关系rationalism理性主义rhyme韵韵角压韵sense意义rawdata原始素材rhythm韵律节奏sentence句子R-basedimplicature基于关联的涵Romanalphabetletter罗马字母sentencefragments句子成分义root词根sentencemeaning句义reader读者rootmorpheme词根语素sentencememory句子记忆readingcomprehension阅读理解roundvowel圆元音sentencestress句重音sentencestructure句子结构speechsynthesis言语合成superlativedegree最高级sententialcalculus句子演算spelling拼写,拼法superordinate上坐标词setting场景splitinfinitives分裂的不定式suprasegmentalfeature超语段特征sibilant咝擦音spokencorpus口语语料库surfaceform表层形式sign符号spokenlanguagetranslation口语翻surfacerepresentation表层表达signified所指受指surfacestructure表层结构译signifier能指施指spondee扬扬格syllabicstructure音节结构simile明喻spoonerism首音互换斯本内现象syllabification音节划节simultaneity同时性spread展元音syllable音节singular单数S-structure表层结构syllabusdesign教学大纲设计situationalcontext情景语境stability稳定性syllabus教学大纲situationallevel情景层stabilityreliability稳定性效度syllogism三段论法situationalsyllabus情景教学大纲StandardEnglish标准英语symbol符号situationalvariation情景变异standardtheory标准理论synchronic(linguistics)共时（语言学）slot空缺standardization标准化synonym同义词socialrole社会角色statisticalanalysis统计分析synonymous同义的socialsemiotic社会符号学status地位synonymy同义现象socio-culturalrole社会文化角色stem词干syntacticcomponent句法部分sociolinguisticstudyoflanguage语言stimulus刺激syntacticfeatures句法特征的社会语言学研究stimulus-response刺激反应syntacticfunction句法功能sociolinguisticstudyofsociety社会stop闭塞音syntacticmarker句法标记的社会语言学研究storedknowledge储存知识syntacticprocess句法过程sociolinguistics社会语言学strategicknowledge学习策略知识syntacticrestriction句法限制sociologicalapproach社会学方法stratification层syntacticstructure句法结构softpalate软腭streamofconsciousness意识流syntacticalchange变化solidarity团结stresspattern重音模式syntagmaticrelation组合关系sonnet十四行诗stress重音syntax句法sonorant响音structuralanalysis结构分析systemnetwork系统网络sonorityscale响音阶structural(structuralist)grammar结systemofsigns符号系统sound语音systemofsystems系统的系统构语法soundimage语音图像structuralsyllabus结构教学大纲systemic(grammar)系统语法soundpattern语音模式structuraltest结构测试systemic-functionalGrammar,SFG系soundsegment音段structuralism结构主义统功能语法soundsystem语音系统structuralistlinguistics结构主义语言soundwave音波T学speaker’smeanin说g话者意义structuralistview结构主义观点tacitknowledge默契的知识speech言语style文体风格tagmeme法位speechacttheory言语行为理论stylisticanalysis文体分析tagmemics法位学speechcommunity言语社团stylistics文体学tap一次接触音speechcomprehension言语理解subcategorize次范畴targetlanguage目标语言speechevent言语事件subject主语tautology同义反复冗辞speechfunction言语功能subject-deletion主语省略template模块speechmode言语方式subjectivetest主观性测试tensevowel紧元音speechorgan言语器官subjectivity主观性tense时态speechperception言语感知subjunctivemood虚拟语气testcontent测试内容speechpresentation言语表达subordinateconstruction从属结构testform测试形式speechproduction;言语产生subordination从属testee受试者speechresearch言语研究substitutability替代性testing测试speechrole言语角色substitution替换test-retestreliability一测再测信speechsound语音suffix后缀度tetrameter四音步诗行Uvoicing浊音化，有声化text语篇Unaspirated不松气的vowelglide元音音渡textcomprehension语篇理解underlyingform底层形式vowel元音textencoding语篇编码underlyingrepresentation底层表达Wtextinterpretation语篇解释uninterruptibility非中断性webpage网页textstyle语篇风格universalgrammar,UG普遍语法Wh-interrogative特殊疑问句textualorganization语篇组织universalquantifier普遍限量词womenregister女性语域textual语篇功能universal普遍现象word词theme主位universality普遍性wordclass词类theoreticallinguistics理论语言学universalsoflanguage语言的普遍现wordformation词语形成third-personnarrator第三人称叙述wordgroup词组象者unmarked未标记的wordmeaning词义thoughtpresentation思想表达unroundedvowel非圆元音wordorder词序three-placepredicate三位谓语urbandialectology都市方言学wordrecognition词语识别tone声调音调user用户wordformation词语形成tongueheight舌高user-friendly方便用户的word-for-word逐词翻译tongueposition舌位utterancemeaning语句意义wording措辞tonguetip舌尖utterance语句workingmemorysystem工作记忆系topic主题uvula小舌统tracetheory轨迹论uvular小舌音writing文字traditionalgrammar传统语法writingsystem文字系统transcribed标音Vwrittenlanguage书面语transcription音标标音validity效度writtentext篇章transfer移转variable可变化的Xtransferapproach移转法variableword可变化词X-barTheoryX-bar理论transformation转换variation变异Ytransformationofinterrogation疑问variety变体语体yes/nointerrogative是非问句转换velar软腭音yes/noquestion是非问句transformationalcomponent转换部velarization腭音化Z分、transformationalgrammar转换语velum软口盖zeroform零形式法verb动词transformationalprocess转换过程verbphrase动词短语transformationalrule转换规则verbalcommunication言语交际transformational-generativegrammar,verbalprocess言语过程TGgrammar转换生成语法verbiage言辞transitivity及物性vernacularlanguageeducation本地translation翻译化教育treediagram树形图verticalrelation选择关系trill颤音vocabulary词汇trochee抑扬格长短格vocalcord声带trope转喻隐喻vocalorgan发音器官truthcondition真值条件vocaltract声道truthvalue真值vocative呼格tu/vousdistinction你/您区别voice语态turnlength话语轮次长度voicedconsonant浊辅音turnquantity话语轮次数量voicedobstruent浊塞音turn-taking依次发言voiced(sound)浊音two-placepredicate二位谓语voicelessconsonant清辅音two-wordutterance二词话语voicelessobstruent清塞音typology类型学voiceless(sound)清音。
专业名词中英文对照
Basic movement 基础运动Flexion 屈曲Extension 伸直Adduction 内收Abduction 外展External/internal rotation 外旋、内旋Dorsiflexion 背屈Plantar flexion 跖屈Eversion 外翻Inversion 内翻Protraction 前伸Retraction 后缩Elevation 上提Depression 下压Anterior/posterior pelvic tilt （APT/ PPT）前倾、后倾sagittal plane 矢状面coronal/frontal plane 冠状面、额状面horizontal plane 水平面External/Lateral rotation 外旋Internal/Medial rotation 内旋Lateral shift 侧移Lateral gliding 侧滑Supination 旋后pronation 旋前骨骼Cervical vertebrae 颈椎Thoracic vertebra 胸椎lumbar vertebra 腰椎sacrum 骶骨coccyx 尾骨the atlas 寰椎the axis 枢椎transverse foramen 横突孔vertebral foramen 锥孔spinous process 棘突occipital bone 枕骨Dens 齿突atlantooccipital joint 寰枕关节atlantoaxial joint 寰枢关节costal arch 肋弓clavicle 锁骨xiphoid process 剑突sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节sternocostal joint 胸肋关节hip 髋spine of scapula 肩胛冈iliac crest 髂嵴ligament flava 黄韧带anterior longitudinal lig. 前纵韧带posterior longitudinal lig. 后纵韧带intervertebral disc 椎间盘nucleus pulposus 髓核annulus fiberous 纤维环Core muscles 核心肌群thoracolumbar fascia 胸腰筋膜Coupled movement 耦合动作肌肉Trapezius 斜方肌Scalenus 斜角肌Long capitis 头长肌Long colli 颈长肌Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌Teres minor 小圆肌Teres major 大圆肌Rhomboideus major 大菱形肌Rhomboideus minor 小菱形肌Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌Obliquus externus abdominis 腹外斜肌Obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌Gluteus maximus 臀大肌Levator scapular 肩胛提肌Serratus anterior 前锯肌Supraspinatus 冈上肌Infraspinatus 冈下肌Spinalis 棘肌Longissimus 最长肌Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌Multifidi 多裂肌Rectus abdominis 腹直肌Transversus abdominis 腹横肌Psoas major 腰大肌Psoas minor 腰小肌Diaphragm 膈肌pelvic floor muscle 盆底肌rectus femoris 股直肌iliotibial tract 髂胫束Sartorius 缝匠肌Iliopsoas 髂腰肌Hamstring 腘绳肌Piriformis 梨状肌Rectus femoris 股直肌Tensor fosica latae 阔筋膜张肌疾病Kyphosis 驼背Lordosis 脊柱前凸Flat back 平背Relaxed posture 懒人姿势lumbar disc herniation 腰椎间盘突出lumbar spondylolisthesis 腰椎滑脱Scoliosis 脊柱侧弯Forward head 头前伸Sway back 摇摆背Piriformis Syndrome 梨状肌综合征spinal canal stenosis 椎管狭窄disc degeneration 椎间盘退行性病变Vertebral hyperplasia 椎体增生Segmental intervertebral instability 椎间失稳Osteoporosis 骨质疏松Kissing lumbar spinal process 棘突碰撞Centralization 症状向心化Peripheralization 症状周围化Referred pain 牵涉痛Straight leg raising 直腿抬高Facet sprain 小关节面扭伤Neurogenic claudication 神经性跛行Non specific back pain 非特异性腰痛Muscle pain syndrome 肌肉疼痛症候群Myelopathy 脊髓病变Radiculopathy 神经根病变Cauda equine syndrome 马尾综合症Severity 严重程度Irritability 发炎程度。
经济学专业名词中英文对照
经济学专业名词中英文对照EnterpreneurArbitrage 套利non-arbitrage 无套利autarky 封闭的balance of paymentdividend 红利barriers to entry/exit 进入、退出壁垒capital adequacy ratioBretton woodscapital flight 资本外逃compound interest 复利Schumpetercurrency board system 货币局制度portfolio theory：diversification can produce the same total returns with less riskdivision of labor 劳动力分工efficient marketexternalityfederal reserve system 美联储gearing or leverage 杠杆hawala 地下钱庄hysteresis 滞后infrastructure 基础设施建设adverse selection and moral hazardintervention 干预、介入life cycle hypothesisliquidity 流动性mercantilism 重商主义mergers and acquisitions 企业并购M&Amaney has three main qualities: medium of exchange, unit of account, store of valuemultiplier 乘数nationalisation 国有化privatisation 私有化pligopoly 寡头垄断open-market operations 公开市场操作overshooting 超调Pigou effect：大的价格下跌会刺激消费Plaza accord 广场协议PPP pirchasing power parity 购买力平价proce discrimination 价格歧视progressive taxation 累进税property rights 产权prospect theoryreal option theory 实物期权理论（可以选择期权执行的时间，以在资金充足的时候执行期权）reciprocity 互惠reflation 通过扩大货币供给或减税等刺激经济增长regulatory arbitrage 监管套利（即利用制度漏洞）replacing cost 重置成本reserve currency 准备金reserve ratio 准备金率李嘉图认为，预算赤字和减税的效果是相同的，现期的赤字和减税将导致未来的高税收预期，从而家庭在现期会增加储蓄以应付未来的高税收，消费不发生变化。
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ONKYO（安桥TX-NR3030功放）一：音响接口
FRONT-R 前置（右）［FR］
FRONT-L 前置（左）［FL］
CENTER 中置［Cen］
SUBWOOFER 低音炮［SW］
SURR-R 环绕（右）［SR］
SURR-L 环绕（左）［SL］
BACK-R 环绕后置（右）［BR］
BACK-L 环绕后置（左）［BL］
HEIGHT1-R 前纵向（右）
HEIGHT1-L 前纵向（左）
HEIGHT2 WIDE-R 后纵向（右）
HEIGHT2 WIDE-L 后纵向（左）
前置增宽扬声器（左右）
前置顶扬声器（左右）
后置顶扬声器（左右）
顶部前面（左右）
顶部中间（左右）
顶部后面（左右）
二：HDMI IN/OUT接口
CBL/SAT:机顶盒/卫星接收
DVD/Blu-ray:DVD/蓝光播放
Blu-ray(4K):4K蓝光播放
MEDIA PLAYER：媒体播放器
GAME(4K):游戏
STB/DVR:流媒体/移动硬盘
PC:电脑
BD/DVD:播放器
卡拉OK效果器
MIC1 麦克风输入端口1
…麦克风1音量调节，左旋音减小，右旋音增大。
MIC 麦克风音量调节旋钮
EFFECT 效果音量调节旋钮
MUSIC 音乐音量调节旋钮
Mic 麦克风参数设置
Main 主声道参数设置
Echo 回声参数设置
Sub 超低音参数设置
Reverb 混响参数设置
S.C 后置、中置参数设置
Music 音乐参数设置
System 系统参数设置
Recall 预设调用
Save 数据保存
Control 功能旋钮。
设置各参数时，左右旋钮可进行调节
Up/Esc 显示屏上行菜单设置，按下时光标在上行闪烁/长按为退出，退回到主界面Down 显示屏上行菜单设置，按下时光标在上行闪烁
IN1 音频输入接口1 MR 主右声道输出接口ML 主左声道输出接口Center 中置输出接口Sub 超重低音输出接口SR 右后置输出接口SL 左后置输出接口
AUTO ON 自动开机
OFF 关机 ON 开机BRIDGED：单声道桥接BAL：左右声道
RPT:话筒回声的重复次数DLY：话筒声的延时
VOL ：音量调节
ECHO：（环绕）回响调节
LO：低频调节
MID：中频调节
HI：高频调节
GAIN：增益调节SELECTOR：音源选择
RCA：莲花接口
CANNON：卡侬
SPEAKER OUTPUT：输出到音箱SPEAKERLEC：音频信号输入AMPLIFIER ：放大器
POWER ：电源
SPEAKER OUTPUT ：音频输出BRIDGED LEFT ：桥接左声道
SPEAKERLEC：音频输入INPUT：输入端
OUT：输出
IN：输入
LINE：线路
GND:接地（公共端）
AC：交流
A／D：摸(拟)／数(字)转换AUX IN：辅助输入接口A：音频
AIN：音频输入
A／V：音频／视频
AM：调幅(广播)
AMP：放大器
ANT：天线
BAL：平衡
BAT：电池
BUT：按钮，旋钮
CD：激光唱片
CDG：图示激光唱片
CDV：图像激光唱片
CH：频道、通道、声道
dB：分贝(声压级、电平等单位)
DBB：动态低音
DC：直流，直流电
Doby：杜比，杜比降噪(或环绕声系统) Dolby NR Dolby：杜比降噪
Dolby Pro—Iogic：杜比定向逻辑环绕声Dolby sulround：杜比环绕声
DSP：数字信号处理
ERA：耳机
EQ：均衡器
ERROR：错误，不正确
FM：调频(广播)
FUSE：保险丝、熔断器
GND：地，接地
I／O：输入／输出
IMP：阻抗
N：输入，输入端
TV：电视
R：右声道 L：左声道 C：中间声道
ONKYO安桥功放 TX-NR3030
SONANCE 所能士功放 SUB 12-500D
C4 800主机 C4250主机 C4扩展器 C4多背景音乐功放 C4视频矩阵
OPPO蓝光机 BOP-103
DENON 天龙功放 AVR-X1000W 2台
海美迪乐视盒子交换机路由器安防主机云服务器（QNAP）
CI KTV功放 CI KTV效果器雷克点歌机 CI无线麦接收机时序电源。