高中英语新高考-阅读理解指导与解读：谈语篇阅读技巧(含实例)

高中英语新高考-阅读理解指导与解读：谈语篇阅读技巧（含实例）

两个感悟：

第一、关注语篇阅读文本解读的技能

第二、关注阅读中的问题的生成

第三、多花精力培养外刊好文阅读的习惯（江苏阅读基本选自比较高级的外刊多，多阅读这样的外刊文章会极大提高英语语篇思维的熟悉度）

本套试题阅读学生得分率普遍比较高，原因在于命题没有加大干扰项的难度和文本内容的内在关系没有充分挖掘，解读不够彻底。

但后三篇阅读材料选材非常好，覆盖了高考常见的阅读题材模式，因此我想，学生不要停留在自己的得分上，而要思考：我如何提高阅读的效率和解题准确率？

我们真的需要一种工匠精神对待阅读！

唯有此，才能举一反三，以不变应万变。

Scientists have discovered how the “wiring”of in-built sat-navs in bees’brains helps them plot the most direct route back to their hive.

The researchers have found that a complex network of neurons integrates (整合）every detail of the outbound journeys, helping bees to return directly home. While it has long been known that bees use their vision to navigate (导航), until now little is known about what happens inside their tiny brains as they perform this task. Now, researchers from the University of Edinburgh have discovered neurons（神经元）that detect speed and direction to help guide bees home. The neurons are located in a part of the insect brain called the central complex. Scientists have found this region plays a key role in controlling the navigation system, which is used by many animals, including bees, ants and humans. These cells are used to add up all elements of the outbound journey, creating a memory that bees use to fly home by the most direct route, researchers say.

The researchers have discovered the complex workings of the system by studying the brains of nocturnal (夜间的）rainforest bees. They monitored nerve function by attaching tiny electrodes (电极）to bees’heads as the insects were shown virtual reality simulations (模拟)of what they see when flying forward or rotating.

Their results, together with microscope studies of how the nerve cells are connected, were used to develop a detailed computer model of the bee’s brain. The model was tested on a simulated bee and on a robot.

The findings could lead to the development of new algorithms (算法）for navigation in autonomous robots that do not require GPS or expensive computer systems.

Professor Barbara Webb, lead author of the study said: 'The most exciting part of this research was when computer modelling of connections between nerve cells revealed the elegant principle by which bees keep track of their position and steer back home. Understanding such a complex behaviour at the level of single neurons is an important step forward for the science of brain function.”

56. The underlined part in Paragraph 1 refers to “_______”.

A. built-in satellite navigation fixed by scientists

B. built-in direct routes plotted by scientists

C. inborn complex network of bees5 neurons

D. inborn models of bees5 speed and position

57. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Previous studies have shown that bees use sight navigation to fly back to their hive.

B. The complex network of neurons integrates every detail of journeys leaving a place.

C. The computer model based on the studies was tested both on a real bee and a robot.

D. The research was done by monitoring nerve function of nocturnal rainforest bees.

58. The findings of the research on bees could probably .

A. further the microscope studies of cells

B. push forward the science of brain function

C. contribute to the test computer models of bees

D. promote the study of other insects in the rainforest Key: CCB

Given how valuable intelligence and automation (自动化）are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion”. The process could get out of control.

The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence (分歧）between their goals and our own could destroy us.

Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will

one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.

The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine.

So imagine we hit upon a design of superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we5re talking about the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?

What would some nations do if they heard that some company in Silicon Valley was about to deploy a superintelligent AI? This machine would be capable of starting war, whether terrestrial or cyber, with unbelievable power.

Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AI are likely to perceive themselves as being in a race against all others, and that to win this race is to win the world, it seems likely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyed in the next moment.

But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.

59. What message does Paragraph 3 convey?

A. Intelligence and automation are very valuable.

B. The improved machines will get away from us.

C. The presence of machines does conflict with our goals.

D. Future intelligent machines could treat us without mercy.

60. Which of the following sayings has similar meaning with the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4?

A. Time and tide wait for no man.

B. Rome wasn’t built in a day.

C. Tomorrow is another day.

D. Shot arrows will not come back.

61. How is the passage mainly developed?

A. By making comparisons.

B. By giving assumptions.

C. By showing valid evidence.

D. By analyzing statistics.

62. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author^ viewpoint towards AI?

A. Human beings will no doubt be destroyed by AI in the future.

B. Superintelligent AI will put an end to human labour eventually.

C. We should keep the development of AI within humans, control.

D. Human beings should stop the development of superintelligent AI. KEY: DDBC

Craig Smallwood, a disabled American war veteran, spent more than 20,000 hours over five years playing an online role-playing game called "Lineage II’. When NCsoft, the South Korean firm behind the game, accused him of breaking the game’s rules and banned him, he was plunged into depression. After he spent three weeks in hospital, he accused NCsoft of fraud and negligence (疏忽), demanding over $9,000,000 in damages and claiming that the company acted negligently by failing to warn him of the danger that he would become “addicted”to the game.

But does it make sense to talk of addiction to online activity? Mental-health specialists say some online behaviors can become problematic for many people, such as video games and messaging via e-mail and social networks. But there is far less agreement about whether any of this should be called “Internet addiction”-or how to treat it.

Skeptics say there is nothing uniquely addictive about the Internet. Back in 2000 Joseph Walther, a communications professor at Michigan State University, co-wrote an article in which he suggested, tongue in cheek, that the criteria used to call someone an Internet addict might also show that most professors were “addicted”to academia. He argued that other factors, such as depression, are the real problem. He stands by that view today. No scientific evidence has emerged to suggest that Internet use is a cause rather than a consequence of some other sort of issue,”he says. “Focusing on and treating people for Internet addiction, rather than looking for underlying (潜在的）clinical issues, is unwise.”Others disagree. “That would be wrong,”says Kimberly Young, a researcher and therapist who has worked on Internet addiction since 1994. She insists that the Internet, with its powerfully immersive environments, creates new problems that people must learn to tackle.

No one disputes that online habits can turn toxic (有毒的).Take South Korea, where widespread broadband means that the average high-school student can play video games for 23 hours each week. In 2007 the government estimated that around 210,000 children needed treatment for Internet addiction. And several South

Korean men have died from exhaustion after marathon, multi-day gaming sessions. The South Korea government has recently asked game developers to adopt a gaming curfew (^^-) for children, to prevent them playing between midnight and 8 am. It has also opened more than 100 clinics for Internet addiction and sponsored an “Internet rescue camp”for serious cases.

Treatment centres have popped up around the world. In 2006 Amsterdam’s Smith & Jones facility claimed to be “the first and, currently, the only residential video-game treatment program in the world’. In America the reSTART Internet Addiction Recovery Program claims to treat Internet addiction and gaming addiction. In China, meanwhile, military-style 44boot camps99 are the preferred way to treat internet problems.

But compulsive behavior is not limited to gamers. When something can be summoned in an instant via broadband, whether it is a game world or an e-mail inbox, it is harder to resist. Getting through a business lunch in which no one pulls out a phone to check their messages now counts as a minor miracle in many quarters. When online auction sites first became popular, talk of “eBay addiction”soon followed. Dr Young says women complain to her now about addiction to Facebook--- or even to “FarmVille”, a game playable only within Facebook.

Yet many people like feeling permanently connected. As Arikia Millikan, an American blogger, once put it, “If I could be jacked in at every waking hour of the day, I would, and I think a lot of my peers would do the same.”Bob LaRose, an Internet specialist at Michigan State University, doesn’t believe her. In his research

on college students, he found that most sense when they are Agoing overboard and restore self-control”. For most people, Internet use “is just a habit—and one that brings us pleasure”, he adds.

63. The author cites the example of Craig Smallwood to .

A. criticize him for his ridiculous accusation

B. warn against the online game companies

C. introduce the topic of “Internet addiction”

D. show how serious “Internet addiction”is

64. The underlined part in Paragraph 3 indicates that Joseph Walther was .

A. sincere

B. joking

C. serious

D. criticizing

65. According to Joseph Walther, .

A. addiction to the Internet must be specially treated

B. Internet addiction is a serious social phenomenon

C. the Internet is a cause of many sorts of medical issues

D. clinical issues behind Internet addiction should be found

66. Which of the following is true about the world’s efforts to fight Internet addiction?

A. The South Korea government aids organizations to treat Internet addiction.

B. -Amsterdam once started the world first video-game treatment program.

C. Treatment centers in America have cured Internet and gaming addiction.

D. Military-style camps in China prove to be the best to treat Internet problems.

67. What can we infer from Paragragh 7?

A. People communicate more in the virtual world than in real life.

B. E-mail or web-use behaviors can also show signs of addiction.

C. Websites such as eBay and Facebook are likely to cause complaints.

D. Women rather than men tend to be easily addicted to the social network.

68. What is the author’s tone in writing this article?

A. Objective.

B. Subjective.

C. Doubtful.

D. Approving.

KEY: CBDABA

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Ⅰ.Teaching Contents 教学内容 Module 7 Unit4 Sharing Reading: A Letter Home II.Analysis of teaching material 教材分析本单元的话题是Sharing，主要涉及帮助弱者、志愿服务、合作分享等。通过听、说、读、写等各种活动学习相关的语言知识，使学生了解世界上很多地方依然很落后，从而懂得同情，学会分享。了解一些志愿者工作的信息，培养学生互助合作的精神和社会责任感。结合针对短文话题的探讨激发学生的国际意识，通过各种渠道力所能及地为贫困地区的孩子做出自己的贡献。本课设计的这篇课文是一个志愿者的一封家书，她在巴布亚新几内亚共和国的一个小山村教书。信中详细地描述了她所在学校的情况和她去一个学生家做客的经历。通过这封信，学生可以了解巴布亚新几内亚共和国各部落的生活状况和风俗习惯，同时能够更好地理解志愿者的工作。 Ⅲ.Analysis of students学情分析 1．学生经过高中阶段必修1～选修6的学习，具备了一定的阅读技能，如查找细节信息，抓住段落要点和全文大意等，在阅读速度方面也有了较大的提高，这有助于学生较好地完成这个课时的课文阅读。同时，在听、说、写等方面也有了一定的基础。 2．这个单元的话题是分享、帮助与合作。对于高二的学生而言，他们的价值观人生观已经基本形成，本课通过阅读志愿者的家书，了解一些志愿者的工作，小组讨论“如果你/你们是志愿者你/你们将做什么工作？为什么？”帮助学生认识这个世界，理解互助合作的意义，即在帮助他人的过程中实现自己的人生价值。 3．学生在这节课的学习过程中需要用到预习策略、搜集分析信息策略、归纳整理策略等。 Ⅳ.Design of Teaching Objectives 教学目标 1.Knowledge objectives 知识目标 (1)学生能够正确读写及运用本课出现的单词。 (2)学生掌握本课词组的意思并能在句子中熟练运用。 2.Ability objective能力目标 (1)强化略读、查读等阅读技能，训练通过寻找关键词、主题句等方式更快速并准确地确定文章的段落大意，理清文章的总体框架与脉络的技能。 (2)增强阅读理解能力；发展借助图片、表格等非语言信息进行语言输出的能力。 3.Affective objectives 情感价值目标 (1)帮助学生理解志愿者工作的意义，培养学生在日常生活中帮助他人、扶贫救困的爱心。 (2)在小组合作互动中，增强学生的团队合作精神与分享意识。 Ⅴ.Teaching Important Points(教学重点) a.获取巴布亚新几内亚独立国各部落生活状况和风俗习惯的信息； b．阅读能力的培养和阅读技巧的训练，如精读课文完成表格填空等。

高中英语阅读理解中存在的问题和对策分析-最新教育资料

高中英语阅读理解中存在的问题和对策分析在高中英语的试题中，阅读理解题目在英语考试中占有非常重要的地位，阅读理解能力的高低直接决定着考生的英语成绩，只有熟练掌握高中英语阅读理解的方法和技巧，才能为提高英语成绩提供保障。一、阅读理解常见问题分析高中生在进行英语阅读理解时，往往存在很多问题，而这些问题经常暴露在教学中，并最终影响学生的考试成绩。下面针对教学中以及学生考试答题中存在的问题进行总结归纳。 1.词汇词汇被认为是制约阅读的最大因素。很多学生在阅读时遇到较多生词，文章就难以理解或是遇到较多生词时就不想再读下去。很多高中生的单词记忆过于孤立，缺乏词汇知识，词汇不足的同时还不善于处理阅读中的生词。在实际教学中，学生的词汇量很难满足阅读的需要，并且经常出现将词形或词义相近的单词词义弄混，不善于处理一词多义的情况。而学生一般认为背单词是最浪费时间但最没有效果的，通常是记住了又很快忘记，而且阅读中的单词只要认识即可，不需要会写，所以在背单词方面缺乏积累，花费的时间减少，甚至索性不记。 2.语法在影响阅读理解方面，语法或句法被认为是仅次于词汇的因

素。不少学生在阅读时碰到长句子，不清楚句子结构而难以理解句意或是碰到较多复合句同时出现在一句话中，不知是哪部分修饰哪部分，难以理解句意；很多学生对于句中的各种指示代词、省略、倒装及其它固定的句子结构弄不清，造成理解偏差而影响阅读；一些学生当多种时态在文章中交错使用时，容易形成理解上的误区而影响对文章的正确理解。高中学生往往在英语句子结构、时态等方面的语法知识不够完善，存在相当大的障碍。 3.语篇和文体不少学生在阅读时，常常只理解句子的字面意思而不能理解句子的深层内涵，或是在阅读语篇或段落时，能基本读懂大意，但时常抓不住支撑句；一些学生对上下文联系方面，有时不理解其因果关系或逻辑关系；很多学生阅读不同文体或题材的文章，受到的影响不同，遇到的困难也不同。高中学生在语篇和文体都存在相当大的障碍，但语篇文体方面存在的障碍要比其它语篇方面的障碍大。 4.阅读策略和技巧在阅读策略方面，不少学生阅读时，不能根据不同的文章灵活地运用各种阅读技巧来进行阅读；很多学生在阅读时通常没想过阅读前、阅读过程中和阅读后各应当注意什么、怎么做；很多学生在阅读后很少征询他人，如老师、家教、同学对自己阅读理解情况的评价。二、针对阅读理解存在问题的解题方法及技巧