全民健身现状分析 张磊

摘要改革开放以来，我国人民已实现温饱，正走向小康。

社会安定，经济发展，人民生活水平有了很大的提高。

闲暇的时间增多，金钱的富裕，使人们开始有了各种各样的需求，其中最重要的一项就是对健康的需求。

随着我国公费医疗制度的改革，人们更加认识到增强体质和增进健康的重要。

创造一种良好的社会环境，形成一种崇尚健身、参与健身的社会风气，建立科学、文明、健康的生活方式，加强国民体质建设，是提高综合国力，促进社会主义物质文明和精神文明的建设需要。

全民健身计划是我国的一项跨世纪的、客观发展体育的计划，也是在广泛开展群众性体育基础上构建起来的系统工程，其根本目的在于大面积提高中华民族的身体素质和健康水平。

因此本文采用文献资料法、逻辑分析等方法，在查阅了前人大量相关资料的基础上，对我国当前城市社区实施全民健身计划的现状进行了调查以及综合分析，据此对存在的问题提出了发展体育俱乐部、乡镇文体站、家庭体育以及社区体育的对策与措施。

关键词：健身；健康；健身计划ABSTRACTSince the reform and open policy, our country people have realized the warm and sufficient condition, the trend is well-off. The social stability, the economic development, the living standards had the very big enhancement. The leisure time increases, the money wealth, made the people to start to have various demands, most important one item was to the health demand. Along with our country socialized medicine's reform, the people even more realized that and improves one's health important to the enhancement physique. Creates one kind of good social environment, forms one kind of advocation fitness, the participation fitness social convention, establishes the science, the civilized, the health life style, strengthens the national system construction, is enhances the comprehensive national strength, the promotion socialism material civilization and the spiritual civilization construction need. All-people body-building plan is our country's one item cross-century, develops the sports plan objectively, is also widely is developing the systems engineering which in the mass sports foundation constructs, its primary purpose lies in the big area to enhance the Chinese nation the physical quality and the health standard. Since the reform and open policy, our country people have realized the warm and sufficient condition, the trend is well-off. The social stability, the economic development, the living standards had the very big enhancement. The leisure time increases, the money wealth, made the people to start to have various demands, most important one item was to the health demand. Along with our country socialized medicine's reform, the people even more realized that and improves one's health important to the enhancement physique. Creates one kind of good social environment, forms one kind of advocation fitness, the participation fitness social convention, establishes the science, the civilized, the health life style, strengthens the national system construction, is enhances the comprehensive national strength, the promotion socialism material civilization and the spiritual civilization construction need. All-people body-building plan is our country's one item cross-century, develops the sports plan objectively, is also widely is developing the systems engineering which in the mass sports foundation constructs,its primary purpose lies in the big area to enhance the Chinese nation the physical quality and the health standard. This article uses the literature material law, methods and so on logic analysis, in has consulted in the predecessor massive correlation data foundation, implemented all-people body-building plan to our country current city community the present situation to carry on the investigation as well as the generalized analysis. According to the above proposed the development sports club, the villages and towns literary style station, the family sports as well as the community sports countermeasure and the measure to the existence question.Key words: Fitness; Health; The Fitness Plans前言现代社会经济发展的一个重要特征是越来越多的体力劳动被现代化机械设备所代替，科学技术与知识经济的迅速发展使社会进步加快。

但在人类文明进步与社会发展的同时，现代社会也给人体健康带来了一些不利的影响，如人们因长时间的脑力劳动、紧张的工作和激烈的竞争使中枢神经系统负担过重，加之运动不足造成人体机能不活动性萎缩、新陈代谢低下、适应能力降低和神经衰弱等现代文明病，阻碍着人类的健康和自身的发展。

现代生活对人体产生的不利影响在人类的共同努力下是能够逐步加以克服的。

除采用控制人口增长和保护生态环境等措施之外，大量科学研究和实践已表明，体育运动是防治现代文明病的有效手段。

通过体育运动来调节人们的精神，增强人们的体质丰富社会文化生活，改善生活方式，这已不仅是人类个体发展的需要，而是整个人类社会的需要。

一、全民健身现状（一）体育人口体育人口是指长期和经常参加体育健康锻炼者在一个国家中所占整个人口的比例，它是体育活动普及程度的一个重要标志。

2009年8月7日，国家体育总局群体司公布了我国体育人口为35.6%。

据资料数据统计，北京2001年4月对体育人口的调查结果为41.5%。

天津就活动点参与主体的职业情况来看，离退休人员居多，在调查的612名对象中有508人(占总数的83%)是离退休人员，在职的仅有44人占7%，此外还有60人(占总数的10%)属于无职业、下岗人员或是外来人员等。

辽宁体育人口为44.55%。

山东东部城市体育人口占调查数的46.7%，西部城市为21.2%。

浙江省农村全民健身活动已达到一个新的水平，每周至少参加一次体育锻炼的占96.37%，每周参加三次以上锻炼的达36.55%，其中每周参加五次以上锻炼的达10.35%。

江苏每周参加一次锻炼的占35.6%，不锻炼的占64.4%，其中45.5%的男性和37.2%的女性，42.5%的城市居民和23.0%的农民。

河南16岁以上人口中体育活动参加者占总人口的29.51%，不参加体育活动者占总人口的70.49%，体育人口为992万，占总人口的10.73%。

宁、苏、锡、常四城市体育人口为34.76%。

西安参加体育锻炼之年龄特征为：18~22岁参加体育锻炼的人数最多，为78.2%;55~66岁次之，为56%;25~50岁最少，为32.1%。