伯南克普林斯顿大学演讲
从伯南克演讲看宏观经济
从伯南克演讲看宏观经济稳定金融市场、控制失业率，以及避免通货膨胀是美联储的三个主要任务。
本?伯南克曾任普林斯顿大学经济系教授和系主任。
十一年前到美国联邦政府工作，当了八年美国联邦储备银行的主席，2014年1月退职。
4月1日他回普林斯顿大学演讲，其中有三个议题值得我们思考。
我在本文把这三个议题介绍给读者，同时谈谈我的看法。
第一，从前美联储的主要任务只有两个：第一是控制失业率或维持充分就业，第二是稳定物价，避免通货膨胀。
从前稳定金融市场不是一个任务或工作目的，而只是完成前两个任务的工具。
因为不稳定的金融市场不被看作为宏观经济的一个大毛病。
2008年后，金融市场不稳定成为美国经济大衰退的一个重要原因。
现在大家认为不稳定的金融市场与失业和通货膨胀同样是宏观经济运作的不正常，会影响居民生活，所以它和失业与通货膨胀一样重要。
所以稳定金融市场变成美联储的第三个主要任务。
金融市场出售产品价格的波动和通货膨胀一样，影响很多居民的生活。
将来中国金融市场发展后，中国人民银行也可能把稳定金融市场和稳定失业率与通胀作为同等重要的任务。
第二，我们应当如何判断一个政策的好坏。
伯南克在2008年美国经济衰退前已当了美联储的主席，有很多他在任时施行的政策被民众评论。
当天在普林斯顿演讲也有同学问他某政策是否适当和他决定政策时有什么根据。
美联储的重要政策包括决定应否挽救三所大公司，比如雷曼兄弟。
因为它买了大量抵押贷款的地产证券，亏损巨大，在2008年9月15日宣布破产，但政府决定不挽救它。
然而，当贝尔斯登与AIG （American International Group）发生类似的问题时，政府与美联储却挽救了它们。
美联储之所以决定挽救这两所大公司，部分的理由是觉得如果让它们倒闭了，会使整个金融市场不能运作，导致持有其股票的企业和民众损失重大甚至破产，这样会降低国民收入和影响整个经济的运作。
挽救它们的害处是可能会养成企业日后作冒险投资的习惯。
伯南克在普林斯顿大学做毕业典礼演讲
伯南克周六在普林斯顿大学做毕业典礼演讲北京时间6月3日晚间，美联储主席伯南克周六在普林斯顿大学做毕业典礼演讲，他没有提及货币政策、没有暗示是否寻求连任，而是向毕业生提出“十大建议”。
以下为伯南克演讲主要内容：重返普林斯顿感觉不错，很难相信，我离开校园赴华盛顿已经11年了。
近期我向校方询问了我的教职问题，回信称：“很遗憾，普林斯顿收到很多更有才华的学者的求职信，而教职有限。
”我将在稍后献上对毕业生的最美好祝愿，首先我要恭喜在座的家长们。
作为父母，我知道这年头供孩子读完大学不容易，数年前，我的一个同事有3个孩子毕业于普林斯顿，尽管他们夫妻都不毕业于此，但我的同事常说，从财政角度讲，这如同每年买辆卡迪拉克，然后让车坠崖。
他总会补充说，他会毫不犹豫的选择重新来过。
所以，感谢你们的工作，母亲们，父亲们，及家人们。
这确实是做毕业典礼演讲的合适场合，我认为，在这一讲台上，每个精神导师都受到过“十诫”的教诲，我没有那样的信心，而且无论无何，觊觎邻居的驴牛已不是目前的问题，所以今年前几分钟我将提出“十个建议”，或称为对这个世界和你们毕业后的生活的十个观察。
请注意，这十点与利率毫无关系。
我之所以有资格提出这些建议和或观察，除了普林斯顿的善意邀请外，理由和你们讨厌的哥哥姐姐可以晚睡是一个道理：我比你们更老。
以下内容均经受过生活的检验，但以往表现并不能确保未来的结果。
1、“当代哲学家”阿甘曾讲到人生和巧克力的相似性，你不知道下一块巧克力的味道。
人生确实难以预料，任何一个认为知道10年后情况的毕业生，更不同说三十年了，我只能说他或她缺乏想象力。
看看我吧，12年前我一心教经济学入门课程，想着编造什么理由不去参加教学会议，结果我接到了来自华盛顿的电话。
如果你有机会与毕业25年、30年或40年的校友交谈，并能够让他们敞开心扉，他们将告诉你，他们对生活中哪些事满意或不满意，他们经历过的高潮和低谷。
但我敢打赌，他们的人生故事与预期相异。
经济危机中的伯南克发言
IN HIS Jackson Hole speech a year ago, Ben Bernanke wanted to leave no doubt that the Federal Reserve could and would act more aggressively to boost America’s flagging economy. This year he wanted to leave no doubt that the politicians could and should do more.The most highly anticipated central banker’s speech in months gave no hint of bold new initiatives from the Fed. He repeated the mantra that the “Fed has a range of tools that could be used to provide additional monetary stimulus”, but there was no discussion of them and not a whiff of imminent QE3, a third round of bond buying. Mr Bernanke promised that the Fed’s policy-setting committee would have a “fuller discussion” of other tools it could use atits September meeting, which has beenextended a day. But he chose to use thisspeech to give Washington a lecture onfiscal policy, arguing that while Americaurgently needed a credible plan to reducelong-term deficits, it shouldn’t overdothe short-term tightening.For investors who had been hoping for arepeat of August 2010, when MrBernanke’s signaling of QE2 sent stockssoaring, the speech was surely adisappointment. But it was hardlyunexpected. The hints from the Fed inrecent days were well-telegraph ed andunambiguous: Mr Bernanke wouldn’t besignaling new actions in Jackson Hole.From Mr Bernanke’s perspective, there isa clear logic to his reticence. Althoughthere are economic parallels between this year and last (things starting to look a lot worse during the summer), the central bank is in a rather different position. A year ago the Fed had taken relatively little action in response to the weakening economy. This year the central bank has only just signaled that short-term interest rates are likely to stay at zero until at least 2013. Since Mr Bernanke has already laid out other steps the Fed could take (for instance, in last year’s speech), discussing them again in detail now could be tantamount to launching them. That’s why he chose buy time by promising a fuller debate in September. T actically at least, that is understandable. Strategically, given the weakness of the economy, it may be a timid choice.Mr Bernanke’s decision to weigh in on fiscal policy is more obviously right. The Fed’s task is made considerably more difficult by Washington’s fiscal choices. America’s current trajectory—virtually no progress on medium-term deficit reduction and a hefty tightening next year unless temporary tax cuts are extended—is daft. And though he put it far more politely, Mr Bernanke’s basic message was just that. “Although the issue of fiscal sustainability must urgently be addressed, fiscal policymakers should not, as a consequencedisregard the fragility of the current recovery”, he said, adding that “the country would be well served by a better process for making fiscal decisions”.All eminently sensible. Nonetheless there is something a little disconcert ing about the Fed chairman talking to a gathering of the world’s top central bankers at a time of extraordinary uncertainty and focusing on fiscal policy. “Don’t rely on us alone” may be an accurate and important message to send, but given Washington’s recent record on fiscal negotiations, it is hardly a comforting one.Even more unnerving was the dissonance between Mr Bernanke’s focus and tone, and the palpable sense of nervousness amongst the Jackson Hole attendees. The mood in the meeting’s corridors is grim, largely thanks to the mess in the euro-zone (of which more in later posts). It’s not uncommon to hear that today’s situation is more dangerous, and intractable, than 2008. Mr Bernanke said virtually nothing about the financial risks from Europe. “I have confidence that our European colleagues fully appreciate what is at stake in the difficult issues they are now confronting and that, over time, they will take all necessary and appropriate steps to address those issues effectively and comprehensively”, he said. He mig ht just as wel l have said, “It’s a big mess and I’m crossing my fingers that they can sort it out”.。
普林斯顿大学校长2023年开学演讲(中英文)
演讲全文I am delighted to greet you today as the University welcomes Princeton's Great Class of 2027 and…and celebrates the beginning of a new academic year.今天，非常高兴见到大家，普林斯顿大学迎来了2027届优秀新生，祝贺大家开始新学年的学习生活。
One of the marvels of university life is the excitement that comes each fall when our classrooms, athletic fields, dining halls, and myriad other spaces across campus blossom with vibrant life and we welcome new members of our community.大学生活的一大奇妙是，每年秋天，当教室、运动场、餐厅和校园里其他各种空间都充满活力、我们欢迎社区的新成员时，我们都会感到兴奋不已。
I am so glad that you are here!真高兴你们在这里！I realize that, if the year's beginning can feel exhilarating and uplifting, so too can it feel bewildering or disconcerting.我意识到，如果新学年的开始能让人感到兴奋和振奋，那么它也会让人感到困惑或不安。
It is often all of these things at once, and that combination will likely persist during your time here.所有这些情绪常常会同时出现，而你在此求学的整个过程中，这种情形很可能持续存在。
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伯南克关于美国经济展望的讲话0607
伯南克关于美国经济展望的讲话0607日期：2011-06-11 11:27:002011-6-7感谢主办方再次邀请我参加国际货币会议。
我首先将简短更新关于美国经济的展望，随后讨论全球商品市场近期的发展，它们深刻地影响了美国经济和世界经济，最后谈一些关于货币政策的思考。
增长展望今年美国经济增长到现在为止看上去有些慢于预期。
一季度总产出年率仅仅增长1.8%，这个季度，日本地震和海啸导致的供应链中断将阻碍经济活动。
近几周来自劳动力市场的若干指标也显示，一些（经济增长的）动能丧失了。
当然，我们正在监测这些状况的演变。
这就是说，未来几个月随着日本灾难对制造业产出的影响逐渐消散，随着汽油价格适度回落，增长可能在今年下半年重拾升势。
总体上，经济复苏似乎以一种温和的步伐继续，尽管这种速度在不同部门间并不均匀，尽管在数百万失业和半失业工人看来，这种速度令人沮丧。
如通常那样，家庭支出的能力和意愿是未来几个季度经济扩张速度的一个重要决定因素。
目前，有许多正面和负面的因素影响着家庭的财务状况和支出意愿。
从正面情况来看，去年12月国会通过的工资税削减议案使得今年初以来劳动力市场条件得以改善，家庭收入得到提升。
家庭财富增加（主要反映在股权价值收益）和较低的债务负担也提高了消费者增加支出的意愿。
负面角度，家庭正面临一些显著的不利因素，包括食物和能源价格上涨，房屋价值下降，某些信贷市场的持续紧张，以及仍然高企的失业率，所有这些都会挫伤消费者信心。
劳动力市场的发展在设置家庭支出进程方面将显得特别重要。
如你所知，就业形势距正常情况尚远。
例如，一个关于劳动力投入的综合指标：生产工人总小时数，它反映人们兼职的程度、加班的机会以及就业人数，这个指标自最近的衰退开始到2009年10月已经显著下降近10个百分点。
尽管工作的小时数自扩张以来已经上升，但这个指标仍然低于其衰退前水平约6.5个百分点。
作为一个比较，工作总小时数在1982-1982年深度衰退中的最大下降比这次要少6个百分点。
伯南克面临诸多挑战
维普资讯
利率上升 ，美元贬值 ，进 口商品价格上涨 透 明度 已经 大 为增加。 过去 ，美联 储调 储 蓄 率 ，增 加 国 内消费。 在如何 认 识美 并拉动 国内通 货膨胀。届时伯南 克将面临 整联 邦 基金利 率 时从 不公开 宣告 ，如今 国 的双赤 字 问题上 ，伯南 克 与他 的前任 经济 衰退和通货膨胀双面夹击 ，其利率政 则 不仅 即时 公布 利率 决策 ，而 且还 强烈 却大 相径 庭。 伯南 克认 为 ，造 成 美国 巨 策也难有作为 ，因为刺激疲软的经济 需要 暗示近 期政 策趋 势 ，决 策会议 记 录也公 额 贸易赤 宇 的根本 原 因 ，在于 其他 国家
济就有 陷入衰退的危险。但如果过早采取 情 况 是 ， 美 国 股 票 和 债 券 价 格 大 幅 下 跌 ，
传 出格 林斯 潘发 生车祸 的消 息 ，华 尔街
股 市 三 大 股 指 闻声 大 幅 下 滑 ， 以致 美 联
储 不得不 紧急辟谣 。还 有一 次布什 总统 在 回 答记 者 提 问时 表 示 ：“ 认 为 格林 我 斯 潘 应该 再 干 一届 。 ”话 音 刚 落 ，华 尔
获得 哈佛大学经济学学士学位 ，取得过经 数百万消费者、投资者和企业 的金融活动
济 学最优成 绩 ，１ ７ ９ ９年 在麻省 理工 学院 产生举足轻重的影响。伯南克的最 大挑战
获得博士学位。 伯南克在普林斯顿大学工作 了 １ ７年 ，
就是何 时停止升息。
第二个挑战是美国房地产市场面临降
美国国内市场 的油价可 以以惊人 的速度飙 提高 透 明度 可 以增 强决 策的 可信性 ，促 赤 字改 变 了全球 的资 金流 动 方 向，美国
升。飓风过后 ，墨西哥湾地 区多处重要油 进决 策者 与外 界的 建设 性对话 ，减 少金 成 为全 球最 大的净债务 国，“ 发展 中国家 气设施被毁 ，原油价格达到每桶 ７ Ｏ美元，
伯南克第一课英文讲义
伯南克第一课英文讲义时间3月21日凌晨，美联储主席伯南克稍早时在乔治-华盛顿大学商学院进行了针对该院学生系列讲座的第一讲，题目为：美联储的基本使命。
以下是伯南克本次讲座的英文讲义全文。
(资料来源于美联储)The Federal Reserve and the Financial CrisisOrigins and Mission of the Federal Reserve, Lecture 1George Washington University School of BusinessMarch 20, 2012, 12:45 p.m。
[Applause]President Steve Knapp: Well, good afternoon. I think the students here may know who I am but for those who are watching the broadcast, I'm Steve Knapp, President of George Washington University. And it's really a pleasure to welcome you to today's first class in the series entitled Reflections on the Federal Reserve and its place in today's economy, featuring the Chairman of the Federal Reserve, Dr. Ben Bernanke. I'm pleased to acknowledge that we have with us two of the university's trustees, Nelson Carbonell and Mark Shenkman, and also a number of faculty members are here in the audience and some of them will be teaching later in the series. Today is the first university lecture series delivered by a sitting Chairman of the Federal Reserve. I think it does provide an extraordinary opportunity for the students who are here in the classroom, but also for those watching online. They have an opportunity to gain insight into the nation's central banking system and a wide range of issues that affect this country and the world. I do want to say that there are microphones available for the students, and certainly encourage you when the Chairman's lecture is over to avail yourself of those and we hope there'll be a lively exchange of questions and answers at the end of the lecture. It's now a distinct honor to introduce the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Dr. Ben Bernanke. Dr. Bernanke took office in 2006, and is now serving a second term as Chairman. He also serves as Chairman of the Federal Reserve's Open Market Committee. Before his appointment as Chairman, Dr. Bernanke was involved with the Federal Reserve in several roles as a Member of the Board of Governors, as a visiting scholar, and as a member of the Academic Advisory Panel at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. He also served as Chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers from June 2005 to January 2006.Now Chairman Bernanke is no stranger to academia. He's been a faculty member at Princeton, Stanford and New York University, as well as the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology. He's held a Guggenheim and a Sloan Fellowship, and is a fellow of the Econometric Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Chairman Bernanke received a Bachelor of Arts from Harvard University and a PhD from MIT. Ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming Chairman of the Federal Reserve, Dr. Ben Bernanke.[ Applause ]Chairman Ben Bernanke: Thank you very much, President Knapp. Gee, this is great. This is what I used to do before I got in this line of work for 23 years and I've always enjoyed engaging with college students. So thank you for being here, and I hope we do have a good conversation. Let me particularly thank President Knapp and Professor Fort and George Washington University. As everybody here knows, these lectures are part of a real course and after I get off the scene there will be other professors talking about other aspects of the Fed and you'll hear different points of view which is great. And you'll have to do some papers and all those kinds of things and I'm going to read a few of the paper. So, I look forward to doing that.So, I'll be talking from slides, which is in part for the purpose of making this available to others who might be interested. These slides will be posted on the Federal Reserve's website, , as we go through. And so, if you need extra copies, by all means do that. And as President Knapp said, I'm going to be talking for a while from the presentation but at the end, I hope we can have some questions and answers.So, let me get started. So what I want to talk about in these four lectures is the Federal Reserve and the financial crisis. Now, my thinking about this is very much conditioned by my experience as an economic historian. I think when you talk about the issues that just occurred of the last few years, it makes the most sense to think about it in the broader context of central banking as its taking place over the centuries. So, even though we're going to be focusing a good bit of the lectures, particularly next week, on the financial crisis and how the Fed responded. I think we need to go back and look at the broader context. So, as we talk about the Fed we'll be talking about the origin and mission of central banks in general, and we're looking at previous financial crises, most notably the Great Depression, and see how that informed the Fed's actions and decisions in the recent crisis. So let me just give you a roadmap of the four lectures. Today, lecture one, we won't touch on the current crisis at all. Instead, we'll talk about what central banks are, what they do, how central banking got started in the United States and we'll do some history. We'll talk about how the Fed engaged with its first great challenge, the Great Depression of the 1930s. The second lecture on Thursday, we'll take up the history. We'll review developments in central banking and with the Federal Reserve after World War II talking about the conquest of inflation, the great moderation and other developments that occurred after World War II. But we'll spend a good bitof time lecture two, in lecture two, talking about the build-up to the crisis and some of the factors that led to the crisis of 2008, 2009.Then next week, we'll get into the more recent events. In lecture three, we'll talk about the intense phase of the financial crisis, its causes, its implications, and particularly, the response to the crisis by the Federal Reserve and by other policymakers. And then, in the final lecture, lecture four, we'll look at the aftermath. We'll talk about the recession that followed the crisis, the policy response of the Fed including monetary policy, the broader response in terms of the changes in financial regulation, and a little bit of forward-looking discussion about how this experience will change how central banks operate and how the Federal Reserve will operate going forward. So this is our topic today is origins and missions of the Federal Reserve. So let's talk in general about what a central bank is. If you've had some background in economics you know that a central bank is not a regular bank, it's a government agency, and it stands at the center of the monetary and financial system of a country. Central banks are very important institutions, they have helped to guide the development of modern financial systems, modern monetary systems and they play a major role in economic policy. Now, we've had various arrangements over the years but today, virtually, all countries have central banks. The Federal Reserve in the United States, the Bank of Japan in Japan, Bank of Canada, and so on. The main exception is only cases where you have what's called a currency union where a number of countries collectively share a central bank. The most important example by far of that is the European Central Bank which is central bank to 17 European countries who share the common currency, the Euro. But even in that case, each of the participating countries does have its own central bank which is part of the overall system of the Euro. So central banks are now ubiquitous, even the smallest countries typically have central banks. Now, this is a very important theme here, what do Central Banks do? What is their mission? And as I'll discuss throughout the lectures, it's convenient to talk about two broad aspects of what central banks do. The first is to try to achieve macroeconomic stability. And by that, I generally mean stable growth in the economy, avoiding big swings, recessions and the like, and keeping inflation low and stable. So that's the economic function of a central bank. The other function of central banks, which is going to get a lot of attention, obviously, in these lectures, is the financial stability function. Central banks try to keep the financial system working normally and in particular, they either, they try to prevent or if unsuccessful in preventing they try to mitigate financial panics or financial crises. And I'll talk more about what those are. Now what are the tools that central banks use to achieve these two broad objectives? Very, in very simple terms, there are basically two broad sets of tools. On the economic stability side, the main tool as I'm sure everyone knows is monetary policy. In normal times, the Fed, for example, can raise or lower short-term interest rates. It does that by buying and selling securities in the open market. And again, in normal times, if the economy is growing too slowly or inflation is falling too low, the Fed can stimulate the economy by lowering interest rates. Lower interest rates feedthrough to a broad range of other interest rates that encourages spending, acquisition of homes for example, construction, investment by firms, borrowing. It just generates more demand, more spending and more investment in the economy, and that creates more thrust in growth so that to stimulate an economy, you lower interest rates. And similarly, if the economy is growing too hot, if inflation is becoming a problem, then the normal tool of central bank is to raise interest rates. So by raising the overnight interest rate, known in the United States as the federal funds rate, higher interest rates feed through the system and help to slow the economy by raising the cost of borrowing, of buying a house, of buying a car, or of investing in capital goods and that will slow the economy and reduce pressure of overheating. So, monetary policy is the basic tool that central banks have used for many, many years to try to keep the economy at a more or less even keel in terms of both growth and inflation.Now, a little less familiar is the main tool of central banks in dealing with financial panics or financial crises. And that tool is the provision of liquidity. So to address financial stability concerns and for reasons I'll explain, one thing that central banks can do is make short-term loans to financial institutions. As I'll explain, providing short-term credit to financial institutions during a period of panic or crisis can help calm the market, can help stabilize those institutions and can help mitigate or bring to an end a financial crisis. So this activity which is an old one, as I'll discuss, is known as the lender of last resort tool. So again, if financial markets are disrupted, financial institutions don't have alternative sources of funding, then the central bank stands ready to service the lender of last resort providing liquidity to the system and thereby helping to stabilize the financial system.Now, there's a third tool which the Fed has had from the beginning and most central banks have which is financial regulation and supervision. Central banks usually play a role in supervising the banking system, assessing the extent of risk on their portfolios, making sure their practices are sound, and in that way, trying to keep the financial system healthy. To the extent that financial system can be kept healthy and its risk-taking within reasonable bounds, then the chance of a financial crisis occurring in the first place is reduced. However, this activity, and I will come back to it, this is something which is not unique to central banks. In the United States, for example, there are a number of different agencies, like the FDIC or the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency that work with the Fed in supervising the financial system. So this is not unique to central banks and so I'll be down playing this for the time being and focusing on the two principle tools, monetary policy and lender of last resort activities.Now, where do central banks come from? One thing people don't appreciate, I think, is that central banking is not a new development. It's been around for a very long time. The Swedes set up a central bank in 1668, three and a half centuries ago. TheBank of England was founded in 1694 and that of course for many decades or if not centuries was the most important and influential central bank in the world, and France in 1800. So, central bank theory and practice is, again, not a new thing. We have been thinking about these issues collectively as an economics profession and in other contexts for many, many years. Now, I've exaggerated slightly in a sense that, say, the Bank of England in 1694 wasn't set up from scratch, it's a full-fledged central bank, it was originally a private institution. And over time, it acquired some of the functions of a central bank such as issuing money or serving as lender of last resort. But over time, these central banks became essentially government agencies, government institutions as they all are today. Certainly, one important responsibility of central banks for much of the period that I'm talking about was to manage the gold standard to issue paper money that was backed by gold and I'll talk more about gold in a few moments.Now, the lender of last resort function, which I mentioned earlier, became important in the-- mostly in the 19th century. Early in the 19th century, the Bank of England was doing a lot of this type of activity and they became very good at it. And as we'll see, while the United States was suffering with banking panics in the latter part of the 19th century, banking panics in the United Kingdom were quite rare. So the Bank of England sort of set the pace in some sense. It was the most important central bank and it helped establish the practices and the approaches that we still use today. Now, I need to talk a little bit because it's less familiar about what a financial panic is. In general, a financial panic is sparked by a loss of confidence in an institution and I think the best way to explain this is to give a familiar example. How many of you have ever seen the movie "It's a Wonderful Life"? No? Less people are watching Christmas movies than they used to be, I guess [laughter]. Well, one of the problems that Jimmy Stewart runs into as a banker in “It’s a Wonderful Life” is a threatened run on his institution. And what is a run? Well, let's imagine a situation like Jimmy Stewart's situation before there was any deposit insurance, no FDIC. And imagine you have a bank on the corner, just a regular commercial bank, the first bank of Washington, D.C., and this bank makes loans to businesses and the like, and it finances itself by taking deposits from the public and deposits are demand deposits, which means that anybody can pull out their money anytime they want which is important because people use deposits for ordinary activities, like shopping.Now imagine what would happen if for some reason, a rumor goes around that this bank has made some bad loans and is losing money. As a depositor, you say to yourself, "Well, I don't know if this rumor is true or not。
钱颖一：理解经济学原理
钱颖⼀：理解经济学原理作者：钱颖⼀经济学家，清华⼤学⽂科资深教授，曾任清华⼤学经济管理学院院长全⽂15230字，预计阅读需30分钟。
经济学原理为什么重要？钱颖⼀说：经济学原理是经济学家之间的最⼤共识，它是⽤最简单的逻辑来解释复杂的经济现象，它追本溯源，探求最根本的因。
他在清华⼤学只开⼀门课，就是《经济学原理》。
⼀、为什么经济学原理重要？14年前的2002年，我受聘为清华⼤学经济管理学院特聘教授。
当时不只我⼀个⼈，⽽是⼀共有15位在海外⼤学任教的经济学教授受聘为特聘教授，每⼈在清华经管学院开设⼀门课程。
绝⼤部分特聘教授开的是博⼠⽣课程，⽽我⾃告奋勇开设本科⼀年级两个学期的《经济学原理》。
2002年9⽉我在清华第⼀次上这门课时的情景，⾄今历历在⽬。
那是在清华⼤学的主楼后厅，⼤概有500个座位。
也许是因为第⼀次开这样的课，所以吸引了很多学⽣，除了清华经管学院2002级和2001级本科⽣外，也有清华其他院系和清华外的同学来听课。
在过去的14年间，我⼀直坚持在清华经管学院开这门课，是同另外⼀位教师⼀起开。
在2004—2005学年和2005—2006学年，我还同时在北京⼤学经济学院开设了这门课。
现在北京⼤学经济学院也⼀直在开这门课。
在我开设这门课之前，两个学期的《经济学原理》在中国的⼤学中或者不存在，或者只是⼀个学期的《经济学基础》。
中国学⽣更重视《中级微观经济学》和《中级宏观经济学》，因为通常认为中国学⽣的数学基础⽐较好，可以直接学习中级经济学，⽽《经济学原理》不⽤数学，太浅，不需要教。
2002年秋季在清华开这门课的时候，我坚持⼀定要两个学期。
现在回过头来想，这是做对了的⼀件事。
尽管我本⼈在清华本科念的是数学专业，数学对于我学习经济学很有帮助，但是我强烈地感觉到，即使在今天，在国内⼤学⽣和研究⽣的经济学整体⽔平提⾼得很快的情况下，《经济学原理》仍是不可或缺的⼀门课。
这门课看上去简单，没有⽤任何数学，但它是经济学中最重要的基础，因为它传授基本概念、分析思路，特别是培养学⽣的经济学直觉。
普林斯顿大学校长2018毕业演讲：读书无用论是最大的谎言(中英文)
演讲稿英文版：In a few minutes, all of you will march through FitzRandolph Gate as newly minted graduates of this University. Before you do, it is my privilege to say a few words about the path that lies ahead. It is indeed a privilege, and also a joy, to address you, for all of you who graduate today have accomplished something genuinely important and worth celebrating.You have completed a demanding course of study. It will transform your life in many ways. It will expand the range of vocations you can pursue, increase your knowledge of the world, deepen your capacity to appreciate societies and cultures, and provide a foundation for lifelong learning.So we celebrate here on the lawn in front of Nassau Hall, as do other college communities in courtyards, auditoria, arenas, and stadia around the country. Graduates toss caps in the air and professors applaud. Families cheer and holler enthusiastically. Yet, even as we do so, we see a strange trend from columnists, bloggers, think tanks, and politicians. In essays, books, and speeches, some of them suggest that too many students are earning college degrees.Too many college graduates: that is a very odd claim, because the economic evidence for the value of a college degree is overwhelming. For example, in 2014, economists Jaison Abel and Richard Deitz of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York estimated the average annual return on investment from a college degree, net of tuition paid and lost earnings, at between 9 percent and 16 percent per year for a lifetime (1). For the last two decades, the return on investment has hovered at the high end of that range, around 15 percent per year.By comparison, the historical average return on investments in the American stock market is around 7 percent per year. That is why my friend Morton Shapiro, the president of Northwestern University and a leading educational economist, says that for most people, the decision to invest in a college degree will be “the single best financial decision they make in a lifetime,”even if judged purely in terms of financial return on investment.A degree conveys many other benefits as well. For example, college graduates report higher levels of happiness and job satisfaction, even after controlling for income. College graduates are healthier than non-graduates. They are more likely to exercise, more likely to vote,and have higher levels of civic engagement. To these pragmatic considerations we should add the joys that come with an increased capacity to appreciate culture, the arts, the world’s diversity, and the inherent beauty of extraordinary ideas.The numbers I have quoted are not specific to Princeton. On the contrary, they are averages over all four-year degrees, in all fields, from all colleges in the United States. Think about that for a moment: on average, all degrees in all fields from all colleges generate an annual return between 9 percent and 16 percent, and this return is supplemented by additional benefits to health, happiness, and quality of life. How could anyone think we need fewer college graduates?Some people answer that you can learn a trade without getting a college degree. Welders, they observe, can make more money than many college graduates. That’s true. There are, of course, reasons why you might want to get a college degree even if you plan to become a welder. You might worry, for example, about what happens if technology renders your trade obsolete, or arthritis leaves you unable to practice it, or you want to move into management or explore other interests. A college degree equips you to respond to the changes —to yourself, and to the world —that inevitably occur over a lifetime.Still, if pundits and politicians were saying only that America needs better vocational training, I could agree wholeheartedly. It would be terrific if more people could get the training they need to practice a trade. But at the same time it would also be great if more people, not fewer, could receive the extraordinary benefits that come with a college degree.So I ask again: why would anyone think we need fewer college graduates? I think there is a simple answer. Education requires high-quality teaching. Teaching, in turn, depends upon skilled labor, which is expensive. As a result, the up-front cost for education is real, large, and easy to measure. The returns are equally real and even larger, but they accrue over a lifetime, are hard to measure, and vary from person to person. It is tempting to wish that you could get more certainty at lower cost.The people who call for fewer degrees yield to that temptation. They emphasize the short-term. They focus almost entirely on the price of college and on the salaries students might earn in their first jobs. That is a mistake.A college education is a long-term investment. It enables graduates to develop and adapt, and it pays off spectacularly in the long run. The idea that we would be better off with fewer college graduates is a short-term swindle, a swindle that will cheat America’s young people, weaken the nation’s economy, and undermine our future. We need to have the confidence to invest in our young people and to ensure that a college education is accessible and affordable for students from all backgrounds and financial circumstances.I hope that all of you who graduate today, and who experience the power of education in your own lives, will become advocates for the value of higher education in our society. There is a national conversation taking place right now about the value of higher education, and we need your voice in that conversation. We need you, in other words, to help others to achieve in the future what you achieve today.How can you help more students earn college degrees? Here are three suggestions. First, become advocates for the importance of completion rates. A college education produces a tremendous return—if you get the degree. Returns are much lower if you start college but do not get the degree. The highest default rates on student loans do not involvecollege graduates with big debts. They instead involve students with small debts who never finish college and so never get the earnings boost that comes with a degree.A few moments ago, we awarded an honorary degree to President Barbara Gitenstein. Over her nearly two decades leading The College of New Jersey, she raised the College’s four-year graduation rate from 58 percent to 75 percent, a number that puts TCNJ’s on-time completion rate among the top ten in the nation for public colleges and universities. By raising TCNJ’s graduation rate, President Gitenstein has improved the lives of thousands of students who might have left school with debt but no degree. Be an advocate for higher education leaders like Bobby Gitenstein, and for colleges like TCNJ that commit to improving completion rates.Second, support America’s public institutions of higher education. State subsidies for public colleges and universities have declined precipitously, and state funding represents an increasingly small share of the budget at public research universities. At the University of Michigan, for example, state funding now accounts for only about 9 percent of total revenues. In the 1950s, by contrast, that number was 80 percent. Tuition at state universities has risen notbecause they have increased their expenditures per student, but because state legislatures have hollowed out their other sources of support.America depends on its public colleges and universities. They are engines of social mobility and innovation. Princeton and other private universities make essential contributions to the nation and the world —but there is no way that we could ever replace America’s great public institutions. They are a national treasure, and I urge you to support them.Third, stand up for the importance of enabling more students from low-income families to earn college degrees. Princeton’s Great Class of 2018 graduates today as the most socioeconomically diverse class in the 272-year history of this University. You will not hold that record for long. Other classes already at Princeton will break your record. Our graduate programs are likewise drawing upon new sources of talent: this spring we admitted the most socioeconomically diverse class of doctoral students in Princeton University’s history.At Princeton we believe in socioeconomic diversity because we know that to achieve excellence as a University and as a nation we must drawtalent from every sector of society. We know, too, that a Princeton degree is a rocket-booster for students seeking socioeconomic mobility. If we want to heal the divisions that inequality has produced in this country, we must ensure that students from low-income backgrounds receive the educations they need to develop their abilities and contribute to our society.As I look out at our extraordinary class of undergraduate, masters, and doctoral degree recipients, I take pride in your excellence and your diversity, and I am excited about the contributions you will make in the years ahead. The world needs more college degrees, not fewer. We need more celebrations like the one we hold today, with more proud families and happy graduates ready to go out and make a positive difference in the world. All of us on this platform are thrilled to be a part of your celebration. We applaud your achievements. We send our best wishes as you begin the adventures that lie ahead, and we look forward to welcoming you back to this campus on future visits. To the Great Class of 2018 and all of our graduates, congratulations!演讲稿中文版：几分钟后，作为这所大学新一批的毕业生，你们都会走出校门。
英语展示：伯南克在普林斯顿大学的演讲
endowment n.捐赠捐款；才能天 资 an endowment fund 捐赠的基金 men of great endowments 极有才能的人
Ben Bernanke 本· 伯南克
• Ben Bernanke served two terms as chairman of the Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States from 2006 to 2014. During his term as chairman, Bernanke oversaw(管理监督) the Federal Reserve's response to the financial crisis. Obama said it was Bernanke's courage and creativity that helped to prevent another Great Depression in 2008.
The Eighth Suggestion
Nobody likes to fail, but failure is an essential part of life and of learning. If your uniform isn't dirty, you haven't been in the game.
minority n.少数，少数派 The Suggestion be in a Seventh minority 占少数 be in a minority of one 孤家寡人 majority 多数，多数党 • I'm not goingn. to tell you that money doesn't
克林顿在大学的英文演讲稿
克林顿在北京大学的英文演讲稿PRESIDENT CLINTON:Thank you. Thank you, President Chen, Chairmen Ren, Vice President Chi, Vice Minister Wei. We are delighted to be here today with a very large American delegation, including the First Lady and our daughter, who is a student at Stanford, one of the schools with which Beijing University has a relationship. We have six members of the United States Congress; the Secretary of State; Secretary of Commerce; the Secretary of Agriculture; the Chairman of our Council of Economic Advisors; Senator Sasser, our Ambassador; the National Security Advisor and my Chief of Staff, among others. I say that to illustrate the importance that the United States places on our relationship with China.I would like to begin by congratulating all of you, the students, the faculty, the administrators, on celebrating the centennial year of your university. Gongxi, Beida. Applause.As I'm sure all of you know, this campus was once home to Yenching University which was founded by American missionaries. Many of its wonderful buildings were designed by an American architect. Thousands of Americans students and professors have come here to study and teach. We feel a special kinship with you.I am, however, grateful that this day is different in one important respect from another important occasion 79 years ago. In June of 1919,the first president of Yenching University, John Leighton Stuart, was set to deliver the very first commencement address on these very grounds. At the appointed hour, he appeared, but no students appeared. They were all out leading the May 4th Movement for China's political and cultural renewal. When I read this, I hoped that when I walked into the auditorium today, someone would be sitting here. And I thank you for being here, very much. Applause.Over the last 100 years, this university has grown to more than 20,000 students. Your graduates are spread throughout China and around the world. You have built the largest university library in all of Asia. Last year, 20 percent of your graduates went abroad to study, including half of your math and science majors. And in this anniversary year, more than a million people in China, Asia, and beyond have logged on to your web site. At the dawn of a new century, this university is leading China into the future.I come here today to talk to you, the next generation of China's leaders, about the critical importance to your future of building a strong partnership between China and the United States.The American people deeply admire China for its thousands of years of contributions to culture and religion, to philosophy and the arts, to science and technology. We remember well our strong partnership in World War II. Now we see China at a moment in history when your glorious past is matched by your present sweeping transformation and the evengreater promise of your future.Just three decades ago, China was virtually shut off from the world. Now, China is a member of more than 1,000 international organizations -- enterprises that affect everything from air travel to agricultural development. You have opened your nation to trade and investment on a large scale. Today, 40,000 young Chinese study in the United States, with hundreds of thousands more learning in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America.Your social and economic transformation has been even more remarkable, moving from a closed command economic system to a driving, increasingly market-based and driven economy, generating two decades of unprecedented growth, giving people greater freedom to travel within and outside China, to vote in village elections, to own a home, choose a job, attend a better school. As a result you have lifted literally hundreds of millions of people from poverty. Per capita income has more than doubled in the last decade. Most Chinese people are leading lives they could not have imagined just 20 years ago.Of course, these changes have also brought disruptions in settled patterns of life and work, and have imposed enormous strains on your environment. Once every urban Chinese was guaranteed employment in a state enterprise. Now you must compete in a job market. Once a Chinese worker had only to meet the demands of a central planner in Beijing. Now the global economy means all must match the quality and creativityof the rest of the world. For those who lack the right training and skills and support, this new world can be daunting.In the short-term, good, hardworking people -- some, at least will find themselves unemployed. And, as all of you can see, there have been enormous environmental and economic and health care costs to the development pattern and the energy use pattern of the last 20 years -- from air pollution to deforestation to acid rain and water shortage. In the face of these challenges new systems of training and social security will have to be devised, and new environmental policies and technologies will have to be introduced with the goal of growing your economy while improving the environment. Everything I know about the intelligence, the ingenuity, the enterprise of the Chinese people and everything I have heard these last few days in my discussions with President Jiang, Prime Minister Zhu and others give me confidence that you will succeed.As you build a new China, America wants to build a new relationship with you. We want China to be successful, secure and open, working with us for a more peaceful and prosperous world. I know there are those in China and the United States who question whether closer relations between our countries is a good thing. But everything all of us know about the way the world is changing and the challenges your generation will face tell us that our two nations will be far better off working together than apart.The late Deng Xiaoping counseled us to seek truth from facts. At the dawn of the new century, the facts are clear. The distance between our two nations, indeed, between any nations, is shrinking. Where once an American clipper ship took months to cross from China to the United States. Today, technology has made us all virtual neighbors. From laptops to lasers, from microchips to megabytes, an information revolution is lighting the landscape of human knowledge, bringing us all closer together. Ideas, information, and money cross the planet at the stroke of a computer key, bringing with them extraordinary opportunities to create wealth, to prevent and conquer disease, to foster greater understanding among peoples of different histories and different cultures.But we also know that this greater openness and faster change mean that problems which start beyond one nations borders can quickly move inside them -- the spread of weapons of mass destruction, the threats of organized crime and drug trafficking, of environmental degradation, and severe economic dislocation. No nation can isolate itself from these problems, and no nation can solve them alone. We, especially the younger generations of China and the United States, must make common cause of our common challenges, so that we can, together, shape a new century of brilliant possibilities.In the 21st century -- your century -- China and the United States will face the challenge of security in Asia. On the Korean Peninsula,where once we were adversaries, today we are working together for a permanent peace and a future freer of nuclear weapons.On the Indian subcontinent, just as most of the rest of the world is moving away from nuclear danger, India and Pakistan risk sparking a new arms race. We are now pursuing a common strategy to move India and Pakistan away from further testing and toward a dialogue to resolve their differences.In the 21st century, your generation must face the challenge of stopping the spread of deadlier nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. In the wrong hands or the wrong places, these weapons can threaten the peace of nations large and small. Increasingly, China and the United States agree on the importance of stopping proliferation. That is why we are beginning to act in concert to control the worlds most dangerous weapons.In the 21st century, your generation will have to reverse the international tide of crime and drugs. Around the world, organized crime robs people of billions of dollars every year and undermines trust in government. America knows all about the devastation and despair that drugs can bring to schools and neighborhoods. With borders on more than a dozen countries, China has become a crossroad for smugglers of all kinds.Last year, President Jiang and I asked senior Chinese and American law enforcement officials to step up our cooperation against thesepredators, to stop money from being laundered, to stop aliens from being cruelly smuggled, to stop currencies from being undermined by counterfeiting. Just this month, our drug enforcement agency opened an office in Beijing, and soon Chinese counternarcotics experts will be working out of Washington.In the 21st century, your generation must make it your mission to ensure that today's progress does not come at tomorrow's expense. China's remarkable growth in the last two decades has come with a toxic cost, pollutants that foul the water you drink and the air you breathe -- the cost is not only environmental, it is also serious in terms of the health consequences of your people and in terms of the drag on economic growth.Environmental problems are also increasingly global as well as national. For example, in the near future, if present energy use patterns persist, China will overtake the United States as the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the gases which are the principal cause of global warming. If the nations of the world do not reduce the gases which are causing global warming, sometime in the next century there is a serious risk of dramatic changes in climate which will change the way we live and the way we work, which could literally bury some island nations under mountains of water and undermine the economic and social fabric of nations.We must work together. We Americans know from our own experiencethat it is possible to grow an economy while improving the environment. We must do that together for ourselves and for the world.Building on the work that our Vice President, Al Gore, has done previously with the Chinese government, President Jiang and I are working together on ways to bring American clean energy technology to help improve air quality and grow the Chinese economy at the same time. But I will say this again -- this is not on my remarks -- your generation must do more about this. This is a huge challenge for you, for the American people and for the future of the world. And it must be addressed at the university level, because political leaders will never be willing to adopt environmental measures if they believe it will lead to large-scale unemployment or more poverty. The evidence is clear that does not have to happen. You will actually have more rapid economic growth and better paying jobs, leading to higher levels of education and technology if we do this in the proper way. But you and the university, communities in China, the United States and throughout the world will have to lead the way. Applause.In the 21st century your generation must also lead the challenge of an international financial system that has no respect for national borders. When stock markets fall in Hong Kong or Jakarta, the effects are no longer local; they are global. The vibrant growth of your own economy is tied closely, therefore, to the restoration of stability and growth in the Asia Pacific region.China has steadfastly shouldered its responsibilities to the region and the world in this latest financial crisis -- helping to prevent another cycle of dangerous devaluations. We must continue to work together to counter this threat to the global financial system and to the growth and prosperity which should be embracing all of this region.In the 21st century, your generation will have a remarkable opportunity to bring together the talents of our scientists, doctors, engineers into a shared quest for progress. Already the breakthroughs we have achieved in our areas of joint cooperation -- in challenges from dealing with spina bifida to dealing with extreme weather conditions and earthquakes -- have proved what we can do together to change the lives of millions of people in China and the United States and around the world. Expanding our cooperation in science and technology can be one of our greatest gifts to the future.In each of these vital areas that I have mentioned, we can clearly accomplish so much more by walking together rather than standing apart. That is why we should work to see that the productive relationship we now enjoy blossoms into a fuller partnership in the new century.If that is to happen, it is very important that we understand each other better, that we understand both our common interest and our shared aspirations and our honest differences. I believe the kind of open, direct exchange that President Jiang and I had on Saturday at our pressconference -- which I know many of you watched on television -- can both clarify and narrow our differences, and, more important, by allowing people to understand and debate and discuss these things can give a greater sense of confidence to our people that we can make a better future.From the windows of the White House, where I live in Washington, ., the monument to our first President, George Washington, dominates the skyline. It is a very tall obelisk. But very near this large monument there is a small stone which contains these words: The United States neither established titles of nobility and royalty, nor created a hereditary system. State affairs are put to the vote of public opinion. This created a new political situation, unprecedented from ancient times to the present. How wonderful it is. Those words were not written by an American. They were written by Xu Jiyu, governor of Fujian Province, inscribed as a gift from the government of China to our nation in 1853.I am very grateful for that gift from China. It goes to the heart of who we are as a people -- the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, the freedom to debate, to dissent, to associate, to worship without interference from the state. These are the ideals that were at the core of our founding over 220 years ago. These are the ideas that led us across our continent and onto the world stage. These are the ideals that Americans cherish today.As I said in my press conference with President Jiang, we have anongoing quest ourselves to live up to those ideals. The people who framed our Constitution understood that we would never achieve perfection. They said that the mission of America would always be "to form a more perfect union" -- in other words, that we would never be perfect, but we had to keep trying to do better.The darkest moments in our history have come when we abandoned the effort to do better, when we denied freedom to our people because of their race or their religion, because there were new immigrants or because they held unpopular opinions. The best moments in our history have come when we protected the freedom of people who held unpopular opinion, or extended rights enjoyed by the many to the few who had previously been denied them, making, therefore, the promises of our Declaration of Independence and Constitution more than faded words on old parchment.Today we do not seek to impose our vision on others, but we are convinced that certain rights are universal -- not American rights or European rights or rights for developed nations, but the birthrights of people everywhere, now enshrined in the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights -- the right to be treated with dignity; the right to express one's opinions, to choose one's own leaders, to associate freely with others, and to worship, or not, freely, however one chooses.In the last letter of his life, the author of our Declaration of Independence and our third President, Thomas Jefferson, said then that"all eyes are opening to the rights of man." I believe that in this time, at long last, 172 years after Jefferson wrote those words, all eyes are opening to the rights of men and women everywhere.Over the past two decades, a rising tide of freedom has lifted the lives of millions around the world, sweeping away failed dictatorial systems in the Former Soviet Union, throughout Central Europe; ending a vicious cycle of military coups and civil wars in Latin America; giving more people in Africa the chance to make the most of their hard-won independence. And from the Philippines to South Korea, from Thailand to Mongolia, freedom has reached Asia's shores, powering a surge of growth and productivity.Economic security also can be an essential element of freedom. It is recognized in the United Nations Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. In China, you have made extraordinary strides in nurturing that liberty, and spreading freedom from want, to be a source of strength to your people. Incomes are up, poverty is down; people do have more choices of jobs, and the ability to travel -- the ability to make a better life. But true freedom includes more than economic freedom. In America, we believe it is a concept which is indivisible.Over the past four days, I have seen freedom in many manifestations in China. I have seen the fresh shoots of democracy growing in the villages of your heartland. I have visited a village that chose its own leaders in free elections. I have also seen the cell phones, the videoplayers, the fax machines carrying ideas, information and images from all over the world. I've heard people speak their minds and I have joined people in prayer in the faith of my own choosing. In all these ways I felt a steady breeze of freedom.The question is, where do we go from here How do we work together to be on the right side of history together More than 50 years ago, Hu Shi, one of your great political thinkers and a teacher at this university, said these words: "Now some people say to me you must sacrifice your individual freedom so that the nation may be free. But I reply, the struggle for individual freedom is the struggle for the nation's freedom. The struggle for your own character is the struggle for the nation's character."We Americans believe Hu Shi was right. We believe and our experience demonstrates that freedom strengthens stability and helps nations to change.One of our founding fathers, Benjamin Franklin, once said, "Our critics are our friends, for they show us our faults." Now, if that is true, there are many days in the United States when the President has more friends than anyone else in America. Laughter. But it is so. In the world we live in, this global information age, constant improvement and change is necessary to economic opportunity and to national strength. Therefore, the freest possible flow of information,ideas, and opinions, and a greater respect for divergent political and religious convictions will actually breed strength and stability going forward.It is, therefore, profoundly in your interest, and the world's, that young Chinese minds be free to reach the fullness of their potential. That is the message of our time and the mandate of the new century and the new millennium.I hope China will more fully embrace this mandate. For all the grandeur of your history, I believe your greatest days are still ahead. Against great odds in the 20th century China has not only survived, it is moving forward dramatically.Other ancient cultures failed because they failed to change. China has constantly proven the capacity to change and grow. Now, you must re-imagine China again for a new century, and your generation must be at the heart of China's regeneration.The new century is upon us. All our sights are turned toward the future. Now your country has known more millennia than the United States has known centuries. Today, however, China is as young as any nation on Earth. This new century can be the dawn of a new China, proud of your ancient greatness, proud of what you are doing, prouder still of the tomorrows to come. It can be a time when the world again looks to China for the vigor of its culture, the freshness of its thinking, the elevation of human dignity that is apparent in its works. It can be atime when the oldest of nations helps to make a new world.The United States wants to work with you to make that time a reality.Thank you very much. Applause.。
美联储伯南克讲话
美联储伯南克讲话篇一：美联储主席伯南克普林斯顿毕业演讲中英文美联储主席伯南克普林斯顿毕业演讲中英文20XX-6-2/node/25393/retype/zoom/54741900fad6 195f312ba69a?pn=1&x=0&y=565&raww=550&rawh=396&o=png_6_0_ 0_166_412_603_397_892.979_1262.879&type=pic&aimh=345.6&md5s um=d41c89cf15d99af62597d3dc64574070&sign=ba85f0cdd0&zoom=& png=0-85152&jpg=0-0”target=“_blank”>点此查看日在普林斯顿大学毕业生发表的演讲，在就任美联储主席前，伯南克曾在普林斯顿就任经济学教授。
当代哲学家阿甘曾讲到人生和巧克力的相似性，你不知道下一块巧克力的味道。
请记住，金钱只是途径，而非最终目标。
职业选择基于收入、而非热爱，或做出贡献的热情，是日后苦恼的根源。
伯南克的演讲真诚而简短，以下是Bi对其演讲总结要点：1.几乎每个人的人生轨迹都与他们计划的不同。
你可以试着描绘出你的人生蓝图，但是很可能这不会发生。
2.话虽如此，不过好好思考你的目标，以及你想和什么人在一起仍然是明智的。
3.“任人唯才”的制度是最好的，但是实际上没有一个系统是真正如此的。
并且，在这样一个制度中，很多人成功是由于纯粹的运气（比如背景、教养），因此那些成功人士有责任为所有人的福祉而努力。
4.那些善于运用他们的优势、战胜逆境以及诚实工作的人最值得钦佩。
5.犬儒主义不好。
6.经济学并不能预测未来，但是它可以帮助人们避免没有逻辑的糟糕决定。
7.金钱很重要，但是仅仅为金钱而做出重大决定是糟糕的举动。
8.没人喜欢失败但失败是必不可少的。
克林顿在北京大学的英文演讲稿（完整版）
克林顿在北京大学的英文演讲稿克林顿在北京大学的英文演讲稿第一篇：克林顿在北京大学的英文演讲稿president linton:thank ou hairmen ren, vie president hi, vie minister ei. e are delighted to be here toda ith a ver large amerian delegation, inluding the first lad and our daughter, ho is a student at stanford, one of the shools ith hih beijing universit has a relationship. e have six members of the united states ongress; the seretar of state; seretar of mere; the seretar of agriulture; the hairman of our ounil of eonomi advisors; senator sasser, our ambassador; the national seurit advisor and m hief of staff, among others. i sa that to illustrate the importane that the united states plaes on our relationship ith hina.i ould like to begin b ongratulating all of ou, the students, the fault, the administrators, on elebrating the entennial ear of our universit. gongxi, beida.as i m sure all of ou kno, this ampus as one home to enhing universit hih as founded b amerian missionaries. man of its onderful buildings ere designed b an amerian arhitet. thousands of amerians students and professors have e here to stud and teah.e feel a speial kinship ith ou.i am, hoever, grateful that this da is different in one important respet from another important oasion 79 ears ago. in june of19, the first president of enhing universit, john leighton stuart, as set to deliver the ver first menement address on these ver grounds. at the appointed hour, he appeared, but no students appeared. the ere all out leading the ma 4th movement for hina s politial and ultural reneal. hen i read this, i hoped that hen i alked into the auditorium toda, someone ouldbe sitting here. and i thank ou for being here, ver muh. over the last 100 ears, this universit has gron to more than 20,000 students. our graduates are spread throughout hina and around the orld. ou have built the largest universit librar in all of asia. last ear, 20 perent of our graduates ent abroad to stud, inluding half of our math and siene majors. and in this anniversar ear, more than a million people in hina, asia, and beond have logged on to our eb site. at the dan of a ne entur, this universit is leading hina into the future.i e here toda to talk to ou, the next generation of hina s leaders, about the ritial importane to our future of building a strong partnership beteen hina and the united states.the amerian people deepl admire hina for its thousands of ears of ontributions to ulture and religion, to philosoph and the arts, to siene and tehnolog. e remember ell our strong partnership in orld ar ii. no e see hina at a moment in histor hen our glorious past is mathed b our present seeping transformation and the even greater promise of our future. just three deades ago, hina as virtuall shut off from the orld. no, hina is a member of more than 1,000 international organizations -- enterprises that affet everthing from air travel to agriultural development. ou have opened our nation to trade and investment on a large sale. toda, 40,000 oung hinese stud in the united states, ith hundreds of thousands more learning in asia, afria, europe, and latin ameria.our soial and eonomi transformation has been even more remarkable, moving from a losed mand eonomi sstem to a driving, inreasingl market-based and driven eonom, generating to deades of unpreedented groth, giving people greater freedom to travel ithin and outside hina, to vote in village eletions, to on a home, hoose a job, attend a better shool. as a result ou havelifted literall hundreds of millions of people from povert. per apita ine has more than doubled in the last deade. most hinese people are leading lives the ould not have imagined just 20 ears ago.of ourse, these hanges have also brought disruptions in settled patterns of life and ork, and have imposed enormous strains on our environment. one ever urban hinese as guaranteed emploment in a state enterprise. no ou must pete in a job market. one a hinese orker had onl to meet the demands of a entral planner in beijing. no the global eonom means all must math the qualit and reativit of the rest of the orld. for those ho lak the right training and skills and support, this ne orld an be daunting. in the short-term, good, hardorking people -- some, at least ill find themselves unemploed. and, as all of ou an see, there have been enormous environmental and eonomi and health are osts to the development pattern and the energ use pattern of the last 20 ears -- from air pollution to deforestation to aid rain and ater shortage.in the fae of these hallenges ne sstems of training and soial seurit ill have to be devised, and ne environmental poliies and tehnologies ill have to be introdued ith the goal of groing our eonom hile improving the environment. everthing i kno about the intelligene, the ingenuit, the enterprise of the hinese people and everthing i have heard these last fe das in m disussions ith president jiang, prime minister zhu and others give me onfidene that ou ill sueed.as ou build a ne hina, ameria ants to build a ne relationship ith ou. e ant hina to be suessful, seure and open, orking ith us for a more peaeful and prosperous orld. i kno there are those in hina and the united states ho question hether loser relations beteen our ountries is a good thing. but everthing all of uskno about the a the orld is hanging and the hallenges our generation ill fae tell us that our to nations ill be far better off orking together than apart.the late deng xiaoping ounseled us to seek truth from fats. at the dan of the ne entur, the fats are lear. the distane beteen our to nations, indeed, beteen an nations, is shrinking. here one an amerian lipper ship took months to ross from hina to the united states. toda, tehnolog has made us all virtual neighbors. from laptops to lasers, from mirohips to megabtes, an information revolution is lighting the landsape of human knoledge, bringing us all loser together. ideas, information, and mone ross the planet at the stroke of a puter ke, bringing ith them extraordinar opportunities to reate ealth, to prevent and onquer disease, to foster greater understanding among peoples of different histories and different ultures.but e also kno that this greater openness and faster hange mean that problems hih start beond one nations borders an quikl move inside them -- the spread of eapons of mass destrution, the threats of organized rime and drug traffiking, of environmental degradation, and severe eonomi disloation. no nation an isolate itself from these problems, and no nation an solve them alone. e, espeiall the ounger generations of hina and the united states, must make mon ause of our mon hallenges, so that e an, together, shape a ne entur of brilliant possibilities.in the 21st entur -- our entur -- hina and the united states ill fae the hallenge of seurit in asia. on the korean peninsula, here one e ere adversaries, toda e are orking together for a permanent peae and a future freer of nulear eapons.on the indian subontinent, just as most of the rest of the orld is moving XX from nulear danger, india and pakistan risk sparking a ne arms rae. e are no pursuing a mon strateg to moveindia and pakistan XX from further testing and toard a dialogue to resolve their differenes.in the 21st entur, our generation must fae the hallenge of stopping the spread of deadlier nulear, hemial, and biologial eapons. in the rong hands or the rong plaes, these eapons an threaten the peae of nations large and small. inreasingl, hina and the united states agree on the importane of stopping proliferation. that is h e are beginning to at in onert to ontrol the orlds most dangerous eapons.in the 21st entur, our generation ill have to reverse the international tide of rime and drugs. around the orld, organized rime robs people of billions of dollars ever ear and undermines trust in government. ameria knos all about the devastation and despair that drugs an bring to shools and neighborhoods. ith borders on more than a dozen ountries, hina has bee a rossroad for smugglers of all kinds.last ear, president jiang and i asked senior hinese and amerian la enforement offiials to step up our ooperation against these predators, to stop mone from being laundered, to stop aliens from being ruell smuggled, to stop urrenies from being undermined b ounterfeiting. just this month, our drug enforement agen opened an offie in beijing, and soon hinese ounternarotis experts ill be orking out of ashington.in the 21st entur, our generation must make it our mission to ensure that toda s progress does not e at tomorro s expense. hina s remarkable groth in the last to deades has e ith a toxi ost, pollutants that foul the ater ou drink and the air ou breathe -- the ost is not onl environmental, it is also serious in terms of the health onsequenes of our people and in terms of the drag on eonomi groth.environmental problems are also inreasingl global as ell asnational. for example, in the near future, if present energ use patterns persist, hina ill overtake the united states as the orld s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the gases hih are the prinipal ause of global arming. if the nations of the orld do not redue the gases hih are ausing global arming, sometime in the next entur there is a serious risk of dramati hanges in limate hih ill hange the a e live and the a e ork, hih ould literall bur some island nations under mountains of ater and undermine the eonomi and soial fabri of nations.e must ork together. e amerians kno from our on experiene that it is possible to gro an eonom hile improving the environment.e must do that together for ourselves and for the orld. building on the ork that our vie president, al gore, has done previousl ith the hinese government, president jiang and i are orking together on as to bring amerian lean energ tehnolog to help improve air qualit and gro the hinese eonom at the same time.toda e do not seek to impose our vision on others, but e are onvined that ertain rights are universal -- not amerian rights or european rights or rights for developed nations, but the birthrights of people everhere, no enshrined in the united nations delaration on human rights -- the right to be treated ith dignit; the right to express one s opinions, to hoose one s on leaders, to assoiate freel ith others, and to orship, or not, freel, hoever one hooses.in the last letter of his life, the author of our delaration of independene and our third president, thomas jefferson, said then that all ees are opening to the rights of man. i believe that in this time, at long last,2 ears after jefferson rote those ords, all ees are opening to the rights of men and omen everhere.over the past to deades, a rising tide of freedom has lifted the lives of millions around the orld, seeping XX failed ditatorial sstems in the former soviet union, throughout entral europe; ending a viious le of militar oups and ivil ars in latin ameria; giving more people in afria the hane to make the most of their hard-on independene. and from the philippines to south korea, from thailand to mongolia, freedom has reahed asia s shores, poering a surge of groth and produtivit.eonomi seurit also an be an essential element of freedom. it is reognized in the united nations ovenant on eonomi, soial, and ultural rights. in hina, ou have made extraordinar strides in nurturing that libert, and spreading freedom from ant, to be a soure of strength to our people. ines are up, povert is don; people do have more hoies of jobs, and the abilit to travel -- the abilit to make a better life. but true freedom inludes more than eonomi freedom. in ameria, e believe it is a onept hih is indivisible.over the past four das, i have seen freedom in man manifestations in hina. i have seen the fresh shoots of demora groing in the villages of our heartland. i have visited a village that hose its on leaders in free eletions. i have also seen the ell phones, the video plaers, the fax mahines arring ideas, information and images from all over the orld. i ve heard people speak their minds and i have joined people in praer in the faith of m on hoosing. in all these as i felt a stead breeze of freedom.the question is, here do e go from here? ho do e ork together to be on the right side of histor together? more than 50 ears ago, hu shi, one of our great politial thinkers and a teaher at this universit, said these ords: no some people sa to me ou must sarifie our individual freedom so that the nation ma befree. but i repl, the struggle for individual freedom is the struggle for the nation s freedom. the struggle for our on harater is the struggle for the nation s harater.e amerians believe hu shi as right. e believe and our experiene demonstrates that freedom strengthens stabilit and helps nations to hange.one of our founding fathers, benjamin franklin, one said, our ritis are our friends, for the sho us our faults. no, if that is true, there are man das in the united states hen the president has more friends than anone else in ameria. （laughter.） but it is so.in the orld e live in, this global information age, onstant improvement and hange is neessar to eonomi opportunit and to national strength. therefore, the freest possible flo of information, ideas, and opinions, and a greater respet for divergent politial and religious onvitions ill atuall breed strength and stabilit going forard.it is, therefore, profoundl in our interest, and the orld s, that oung hinese minds be free to reah the fullness of their potential. that is the message of our time and the mandate of the ne entur and the ne millennium.i hope hina ill more full embrae this mandate. for all the grandeur of our histor, i believe our greatest das are still ahead. against great odds in the 20th entur hina has not onl survived, it is moving forard dramatiall.other anient ultures failed beause the failed to hange. hina has onstantl proven the apait to hange and gro. no, ou must re-imagine hina again for a ne entur, and our generation must be at the heart of hina s regeneration.the ne entur is upon us. all our sights are turned toard the future. no our ountr has knon more millennia than the unitedstates has knon enturies. toda, hoever, hina is as oung as an nation on earth. this ne entur an be the dan of a ne hina, proud of our anient greatness, proud of hat ou are doing, prouder still of the tomorros to e. it an be a time hen the orld again looks to hina for the vigor of its ulture, the freshness of its thinking, the elevation of human dignit that is apparent in its orks. it an be a time hen the oldest of nations helps to make a ne orld.the united states ants to ork ith ou to make that time a realit. thank ou ver muh. （applause.）第二篇：美国克林顿总统在北京大学的演讲稿president linton:thank ou. thank ou, president hen, hairmen ren, vie president hi, vie minister ei. e are delighted to be here toda ith a ver large amerian delegation, inluding the first lad and our daughter, ho is a student at stanford, one of the shools ith hih beijing universit has a relationship. e have six members of the united states ongress; the seretar of state; seretar of mere; the seretar of agriulture; the hairman of our ounil of eonomi advisors; senator sasser, our ambassador; the national seurit advisor and m hief of staff, among others. i sa that to illustrate the importane that the united states plaes on our relationship ith hina.i ould like to begin b ongratulating all of ou, the students, the fault, the administrators, on elebrating the entennial ear of our universit. gongxi, beida.as i'm sure all of ou kno, this ampus as one home to enhing universit hih as founded b amerian missionaries. man of its onderful buildings ere designed b an amerian arhitet. thousands of amerians students and professors have e here to stud and teah.e feel a speial kinship ith ou.i am, hoever, grateful that this da is different in one important respet from another important oasion 79 ears ago. in june of19, the first president of enhing universit, john leighton stuart, as set to deliver the ver first menement address on these ver grounds. at the appointed hour, he appeared, but no students appeared. the ere all out leading the ma 4th movement for hina's politial and ultural reneal. hen i read this, i hoped that hen i alked into the auditorium toda, someone ould be sitting here. and i thank ou for being here, ver muh. over the last 100 ears, this universit has gron to more than 20,000 students. our graduates are spread throughout hina and around the orld. ou have built the largest universit librar in all of asia. last ear, 20 perent of our graduates ent abroad to stud, inluding half of our math and siene majors. and in this anniversar ear, more than a million people in hina, asia, and beond have logged on to our eb site. at the dan of a ne entur, this universit is leading hina into the future.i e here toda to talk to ou, the next generation of hina's leaders, about the ritial importane to our future of building a strong partnership beteen hina and the united states.the amerian people deepl admire hina for its thousands of ears of ontributions to ulture and religion, to philosoph and the arts, to siene and tehnolog. e remember ell our strong partnership in orld ar ii. no e see hina at a moment in histor hen our glorious past is mathed b our present seeping transformation and the even greater promise of our future. just three deades ago, hina as virtuall shut off from the orld. no, hina is a member of more than 1,000 international organizations -- enterprises that affet everthing from airtravel to agriultural development. ou have opened our nation to trade and investment on a large sale. toda, 40,000 oung hinese stud in the united states, ith hundreds of thousands more learning in asia, afria, europe, and latin ameria.our soial and eonomi transformation has been even more remarkable, moving from a losed mand eonomi sstem to a driving, inreasingl market-based and driven eonom, generating to deades of unpreedented groth, giving people greater freedom to travel ithin and outside hina, to vote in village eletions, to on a home, hoose a job, attend a better shool. as a result ou have lifted literall hundreds of millions of people from povert. per apita ine has more than doubled in the last deade. most hinese people are leading lives the ould not have imagined just 20 ears ago.of ourse, these hanges have also brought disruptions in settled patterns of life and ork, and have imposed enormous strains on our environment. one ever urban hinese as guaranteed emploment in a state enterprise. no ou must pete in a job market. one a hinese orker had onl to meet the demands of a entral planner in beijing. no the global eonom means all must math the qualit and reativit of the rest of the orld. for those ho lak the right training and skills and support, this ne orld an be daunting. in the short-term, good, hardorking people -- some, at least ill find themselves unemploed. and, as all of ou an see, there have been enormous environmental and eonomi and health are osts to the development pattern and the energ use pattern of the last 20 ears -- from air pollution to deforestation to aid rain and ater shortage.in the fae of these hallenges ne sstems of training and soial seurit ill have to be devised, and ne environmental poliies andtehnologies ill have to be introdued ith the goal of groing our eonom hile improving the environment. everthing i kno about the intelligene, the ingenuit, the enterprise of the hinese people and everthing i have heard these last fe das in m disussions ith president jiang, prime minister zhu and others give me onfidene that ou ill sueed.as ou build a ne hina, ameria ants to build a ne relationship ith ou. e ant hina to be suessful, seure and open, orking ith us for a more peaeful and prosperous orld. i kno there are those in hina and the united states ho question hether loser relations beteen our ountries is a good thing. but everthing all of us kno about the a the orld is hanging and the hallenges our generation ill fae tell us that our to nations ill be far better off orking together than apart.the late deng xiaoping ounseled us to seek truth from fats. at the dan of the ne entur, the fats are lear. the distane beteen our to nations, indeed, beteen an nations, is shrinking. here one an amerian lipper ship took months to ross from hina to the united states. toda, tehnolog has made us all virtual neighbors. from laptops to lasers, from mirohips to megabtes, an information revolution is lighting the landsape of human knoledge, bringing us all loser together. ideas, information, and mone ross the planet at the stroke of a puter ke, bringing ith them extraordinar opportunities to reate ealth, to prevent and onquer disease, to foster greater understanding among peoples of different histories and different ultures.but e also kno that this greater openness and faster hange mean that problems hih start beond one nations borders an quikl move inside them -- the spread of eapons of mass destrution, the threats of organized rime and drug traffiking, of environmental degradation, and severe eonomi disloation. no nation an isolateitself from these problems, and no nation an solve them alone. e, espeiall the ounger generations of hina and the united states, must make mon ause of our mon hallenges, so that e an, together, shape a ne entur of brilliant possibilities.in the 21st entur -- our entur -- hina and the united states ill fae the hallenge of seurit in asia. on the korean peninsula, here one e ere adversaries, todae are orking together for a permanent peae and a future freer of nulear eapons.on the indian subontinent, just as most of the rest of the orld is moving XX from nulear danger, india and pakistan risk sparking a ne arms rae. e are no pursuing a mon strateg to move india and pakistan XX from further testing and toard a dialogue to resolve their differenes.in the 21st entur, our generation must fae the hallenge of stopping the spread of deadlier nulear, hemial, and biologial eapons. in the rong hands or the rong plaes, these eapons an threaten the peae of nations large and small. inreasingl, hina and the united states agree on the importane of stopping proliferation. that is h e are beginning to at in onert to ontrol the orlds most dangerous eapons.in the 21st entur, our generation ill have to reverse the international tide of rime and drugs. around the orld, organized rime robs people of billions of dollars ever ear and undermines trust in government. ameria knos all about the devastation and despair that drugs an bring to shools and neighborhoods. ith borders on more than a dozen ountries, hina has bee a rossroad for smugglers of all kinds.last ear, president jiang and i asked senior hinese and amerian la enforement offiials to step up our ooperation against these predators, to stop mone from being laundered, to stop aliensfrom being ruell smuggled, to stop urrenies from being undermined b ounterfeiting. just this month, our drug enforement agen opened an offie in beijing, and soon hinese ounternarotis experts ill be orking out of ashington.in the 21st entur, our generation must make it our mission to ensure that toda's progress does not e at tomorro's expense. hina's remarkable groth in the last to deades has e ith a toxi ost, pollutants that foul the ater ou drink and the air ou breathe -- the ost is not onl environmental, it is also serious in terms of the health onsequenes of our people and in terms of the drag on eonomi groth.environmental problems are also inreasingl global as ell as national. for example, in the near future, if present energ use patterns persist, hina ill overtake the united states as the orld's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the gases hih are the prinipal ause of global arming. if the nations of the orld do not redue the gases hih are aooperation -- in hallenges from dealing ith spina bifida to dealing ith extreme eather onditions and earthquakes -- have proved hat e an do together to hange the lives of millions of people in hina and the united states and around the orld. expanding our ooperation in siene and tehnolog an be one of our greatest gifts to the future.in eah of these vital areas that i have mentioned, e an learl aplish so muh more b alking together rather than standing apart. that is h e should ork to see that the produtive relationship e no enjo blossoms into a fuller partnership in the ne entur. if that is to happen, it is ver important that e understand eah other better, that e understand both our mon interest and our shared aspirations and our honest differenes. i believe the kind of open, diret exhange that president jiang and i had onsaturda at our press onferene -- hih i kno man of ou athed on television -- an both larif and narro our differenes, and, more important, b alloing people to understand and debate and disuss these things an give a greater sense of onfidene to our people that e an make a better future.from the indos of the hite house, here i live in ashington, d.., the monument to our first president, george ashington, dominates the skline. it is a ver tall obelisk. but ver near this large monument there is a small stone hih ontains these ords: the united states neither established titles of nobilit and roalt, nor reated a hereditar sstem. state affairs are put to the vote of publi opinion.this reated a ne politial situation, unpreedented from anient times to the present. ho onderful it is. those ords ere not ritten b an amerian. the ere ritten b xu jiu, governor of fujian provine, insribed as a gift from the government of hina to our nation in53.i am ver grateful for that gift from hina. it goes to the heart of ho e are as a people -- the right to life, libert, and the pursuit of happiness, the freedom to debate, to dissent, to assoiate, to orship ithout interferene from the state. these are the ideals that ere at the ore of our founding over 220 ears ago. these are the ideas that led us aross our ontinent and onto the orld stage. these are the ideals that amerians herish toda. as i said in m press onferene ith president jiang, e have an ongoing quest ourselves to live upeople. ines are up, povert is don; people do have more hoies of jobs, and the abilit to travel -- the abilit to make a better life. but true freedom inludes more than eonomi freedom. in ameria, e believe it is a onept hih is indivisible.over the past four das, i have seen freedom in man manifestations in hina. i have seen the fresh shoots of demora groing in the villages of our heartland. i have visited a village that hose its on leaders in free eletions. i have also seen the ell phones, the video plaers, the fax mahines arring ideas, information and images from all over the orld. i've heard people speak their minds and i have joined people in praer in the faith of m on hoosing. in all these as i felt a stead breeze of freedom.the question is, here do e go from here? ho do e ork together to be on the right side of histor together? more than 50 ears ago, hu shi, one of our great politial thinkers and a teaher at this universit, said these ords: "no some people sa to me ou must sarifie our individual freedom so that the nation ma be free. but i repl, the struggle for individual freedom is the struggle for the nation's freedom. the struggle for our on harater is the struggle for the nation's harater."e amerians believe hu shi as right. e believe and our experiene demonstrates that freedom strengthens stabilit and helps nations to hange.one of our founding fathers, benjamin franklin, one said, "our ritis are our friends, for the sho us our faults." no, if that is true, there are man das in the united states hen the president has more friends than anone else in ameria. but it is so. in the orld e live in, this global information age, onstant improvement and hange is neessar to eonomi opportunit and to national strength. therefore, the freest possible flo of information, ideas, and opinions, and a greater respet for divergent politial and religious onvitions ill atuall breed strength and stabilit going forard.it is, therefore, profoundl in our interest, and the orld's,。
美联储主席伯南克在普林斯顿的演讲(节选)
毕业生们 ， 恭喜你们 ！ 去大显身手吧 ！ （ 司志政摘 自《 英语广场 ・ 美文》 ）
Ｔ ｅｅ ｎａ ｇｅｒ ｓ ２０１ ３ ／ １ ７下
经有 １ １ 年 了。
今 天 我 想 利 用 这 几分钟 时间谈谈 自己的
接 到 了一个 电话 …… 谁 想 在故 事 的开 篇 就
十点建议或是感悟 ，谈 谈这个世 界 ， 以及你们
从普林 斯顿毕业后的生 活 。请注 意 ， 这 十点 与 利率毫无关系。我之所 以有资格提出这些建议
第一 ， 诗 人 罗伯特 ・ 彭斯 曾说 过 “ 无 展过程。你们的家人 、朋友和你在普林斯顿 论你 准备 得有 多么充 分 ， 事情 还是 会经 常 的时光 已经为你们 打下 了良好的基础 ， 你将 出错 ” 。一位离我们更近 的哲学家 ， 阿甘也 如何利用它们呢 ？ 你们会不断学习、竭力思 曾讲到 人生 和巧 克力 的相似 性 ， 你 永远 不 索 、对至关重要 的问题持批判态度吗 ？ 你会
知道 结 局 呢 ？ 让 故 事
上演 。 无需惧怕 。
第二 ， 人生具有很
大偶 然 性 这一 事 实是
否 意 味着 小 的决 定 和
或感悟 ， 除了是受到蒂尔曼校长的善 意邀请 行动无足轻重 ， 不需要规划和奋斗呢 ？ 当然
外， 还有一个理 由 ， 这个理 由和你们 讨厌 的 不是。无论未来人生有什 么在等着你们 ， 你 哥哥姐姐可 以晚睡是 一个道理 ： 我 比你们年 们每个人都有—个宏大的人生规划有待完成 。 长。以下内容均经受过现实生活的检验。 这是你们作为有意识的人类本该有的 自我发
亚马逊创始人普林斯顿大学演讲--观后感
Impression of ViewAfter watching the video, an idea stroke me that you will be what you choose to be.In a world filled with temptations and impediments. It's even harder for us to follow our hearts. When we are freshmen, we have a lot of dreams. We are so ambitious that we convinced we can be someone one day; we can do what we prefer do and what we enjoy dong. However, in the face of the cruel reality, we eventually things are not that simple. We can see that a mass of people set out to take advanced studies for a better job. We get to be confused. We will wonder that wether it is better for us to do so like them. Or when we are told that certain job can earn a lot of money, and moreover, you can get experience and get promotion as soon as possible. Then, these less determined one will guess maybe starting working is an excellent choice. These are critical seductive things. They are just called inertia. Human beings have the inertia to follow suit.What my understanding is that if everyone is provided a gift, and if all have the right head, why should we follow others. Jeff Bezos has mentioned that giants ,like Jules Verne, Mark Twain want to be alive most of all right now. I guess Jeff Bezos wants to underlined the significance of being ourselves by mention those giants. (There, being ourselves just means that we should do our own things rather than simulate the other.) Since they they can be so productive in that severe material shortages ages. There is no need imitating any elite student. And we can make our dreams come true. Unlike Mark Twain or other scientists in that age, we have better living condition, better learning environment; we can conduct experiment in a fully equipped lab.; we can get fund from the bank; we can get professional consultant from related specialists. When we are repelled by the floods of life, we will be companied by a group of friends and colleagues. When we are in low sprit, there are a great many of ways for us to relax ourselves. We are born in a awesome age. The experiment we performed and the the progress we achieved are own to what ourpredecessors. Just as saying goes," stand on the shoulders of giants."We may admit almost all the beings are equally born with brilliant brain except the disabled and the genius. Socrates says,"No two leaves are identical in the world." we are all equal. Only when we do what we want to do, we can really be the special. Just like Jeff Bezos, he followed his heart, and made their own choice bravely. And it's the courage to innovate makes them what they are today.Certainly, we may face some tribulations which trapped us in, but if we can follow our convictions, we can soak up the gleam of success.。
人生必修：抵抗天赋的诱惑JeffBezos普林斯顿毕业典礼演讲稿摘录
人生必修：抵抗天赋的诱惑JeffBezos普林斯顿毕业典礼演讲稿摘录生物进化完美地赋予了每一个生命一种独特的天赋。
这些天赋不仅象征着个体的身份认同，也是赋予人们成就非凡的力量源泉。
然而，我们时常被这些天赋的诱惑所迷惑，它们使得我们对自身的掌控失去了方向。
Jeff Bezos是亚马逊的创始人、董事长兼CEO，也是世界上最富有的人之一。
在他毕业于普林斯顿大学时的演讲中，他分享了自己的人生经验，表达了他对于掌握自身命运的信念。
Bezos从小就表现出了对事物的好奇心和探寻的热情。
他对于一些可能性的探索，以及自我决定的追求，都使得他在前进的路上找到了自己的方向。
但是，在赚钱、成功和成名的道路上，我们会常常迷失方向。
许多人会降低标准，放弃自己的天赋去追求那些短暂的成就。
在他的演讲中，Bezos告诉大家如何增强对自身天赋的理解、把自已的个性与职业相适应。
他鼓励每个人更多的关注自己内心的声音并倾听之，每个人的天赋是独特的只有重视自己的个性特点才能释放自身的潜力。
随着技术的进步和人的才情不断显露，不管身处何处的人，都会受到诱惑，即丧失自身天赋来追求金钱、权力、名望和短暂的过渡性成就。
Bezos在演讲中也表达了他对于这一诱惑的看法，他认为每个人都应该积极地创造机会、摒弃一切阻碍前进的声音。
自信和毅力不仅仅是达到个人成就的关键，它们也可以激发他人的潜力并推动社会的不断进步。
如今，我们的社会更加竞争激烈，人们必须比以往更努力和聪明才能在大众中脱颖而出。
在此情况下，我们必须坚守自己的信仰，抗拒可能导致我们改变自己天赋和声音的那些诱惑。
抵抗天赋的诱惑需要勇气和决心。
它需要我们不断地尝试，接受失败并持续前进。
只有这样，我们才能最终实现我们内心真正的挚望。
人生必修：抵抗天赋的诱惑，是我们不断追寻自我的过程。
它鼓励我们保持独立的思考和行动、不断挑战自我的能力、认真编制和执行自己的计划，并需要我们接受已经实现的成就，为未来奠定成功的基础。
关于努力的英语演讲稿（精选18篇）
关于努力的英语演讲稿（精选18篇）关于努力的英语篇1good evening , ladies and gentlemen . i am joy and glad to give you a speech about stress , yes , just the topic you see on the screen.psychologist tell us that stress is a state of worry caused by the problem of living , such as too much work or study , heavy responsibilities , and quickened pace of life .statistics show that stress comes from every detail in our life . financial problems , poor health , being laid off may be the stress that most adults now suffering . as students in the university , we are also under our special stress . while study , having to take various tests and submit a project against a deadline may put a great pressure on us . and the things make us felt stressed may be our parents’s greater expectations on us than we could reach . later , when we are likely to graduate , some other problems will also annoy us . i think we will worry a lot about our ability to compete in the job market and how we can best use what we’ve learned at college in our future job .关于努力的英语演讲稿篇2Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen!女士们，先生们，下午好！My name is Linan ,from the group of communication and training.我叫李楠，来自沟通与培训组。
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1. A more contemporary philosopher, Forrest Gump, said something similar about life and boxes of chocolates and not knowing what you are going to get. Life is amazingly unpredictable; any 22-year-old who thinks he or she knows where they will be in 10 years, much less in 30, is simply lacking imagination. Look what happened to me: A dozen years ago I was minding my own business teaching Economics 101 in Alexander Hall and thinking of good excuses for avoiding faculty meetings. Then I got a phone call... In case you are skeptical of Forrest Gump's insight, here's a concrete suggestion for each of the graduating seniors. Take a few minutes the first chance you get and talk to an alum participating in their 25th, or 30th, or 40th reunion--you know, somebody who was near the front of the P-rade. Ask them, back when they were graduating 25, 30, or 40 years ago, where they expected to be today. If you can get them to open up, they will tell you that today they are happy and satisfied in various measures, or not, and their personal stories will be filled with highs and lows and in-betweens. But, I am willing to bet, those life stories will in almost all cases be quite different, in large and small ways, from what they expected when they started out those many years ago. This is a good thing, not a bad thing; who wants to know the end of a story that's only in its early chapters? Don't be afraid to let the drama play out.1、阿甘曾讲到人生和巧克力的相似性，你不知道下一块巧克力的味道。
人生确实难以预料，任何一个认为知道其10年后情况的毕业生，更不同说三十年了，我只能说他或她缺乏想象力。
看看我吧，12年前我一心教经济学入门课程，想着编造什么理由不参加教学会议，结果我接到了那个电话。
有过你有机会与毕业25年、30年或40年的校友交谈，并使他们敞开心扉，他们将告诉你，他们对生活中哪些事满意或不满意，他们经历过的高潮和低谷。
但我敢打赌，他们的人生故事将与预期相异。
这是好事而不是坏事，谁想在故事的开篇就知道结局呢？让人生顺其自然。
2. Does the fact that our lives are so influenced by chance and seemingly small decisions and actions mean that there is no point to planning, to striving? Not at all. Whatever life may have in store for you, each of you has a grand, lifelong project, and that is the development of yourself as a human being. Your family and friends and your time at Princeton have given you a good start. What will you do with it? Will you keep learning and thinking hard and critically about the most important questions? Will you become an emotionally stronger person, more generous, more loving, more ethical? Will you involve yourself actively and constructively in the world? Many things will happen in your lives, pleasant and not so pleasant.If you are not happy with yourself, even the loftiest achievements won't bring you much satisfaction.2、是否人生偶然性之大的事实，意味着小的决定和行动无足轻重，不需要规划和奋斗呢？当然不是。
无论未来人生如何，她将是一个宏大和漫长的项目，是你作为个人的发展过程。
你的家人、朋友和你在普林斯顿的时光已经为你造就了良好的开端，未来你会如何？你会不断学习、竭力思索、对至关重要的问题持批判态度吗？你会成为情感上更强大、更大度、更有爱心、更道德的人吗？你会更积极的、更建设性的参与世事吗？你的人生会有很多故事，快乐的，及不太快乐的，如果你不为自己感到快乐，就连最伟大的成就业也不会让你感到满足。
3. The concept of success leads me to consider so-called meritocracies and their implications. A meritocracy is a system in which the people who are the luckiest in their health and genetic endowment; luckiest in terms of family support, encouragement, and, probably, income; luckiest in their educational and career opportunities; and luckiest in so many other ways difficult to enumerate--these are the folks who reap the largest rewards. The only way for even a putative meritocracy to hope to pass ethical muster, to be considered fair, is if those who are the luckiest in all of those respects also have the greatest responsibility to work hard, to contribute to the betterment of the world, and to share their luck with others.3、成功的概念促使我考虑所谓的精英主义及其含义。
精英是在健康和基因上最幸运的人，他们在家庭支持、鼓励上，或在收入上也是最幸运的，他们在教育和职业机遇上最幸运，他们在很多方面都最幸运，一般人难以复制。
一个精英体制是否公平，要看这些精英是否有义务努力工作、致力于建设更好的世界，并与他人分享幸运。
4. Who is worthy of admiration? The admonition from Luke--which is shared by most ethical and philosophical traditions, by the way--helps with this question as well. Those most worthy of admiration are those who have made the best use of their advantages or, alternatively, coped most courageously with their adversities. I think most of us would agree that people who have, say, little formal schooling but labor honestly and diligently to help feed, clothe, and educate their families are deserving of greater respect--and help, if necessary--than many people who are superficially more successful. They're more fun to have a beer with, too. That's all that I know about sociology.4、谁值得尊重？是那些充分利用其优势，或勇敢面对逆境的人。
我想我们会认同，那些虽然接受的正式教育不多，但诚实劳动、勤勉的为家人提供衣食和教育的人，相比更多表面上很成功的人，更值得尊重，和他们喝两杯是更有趣的事情。