现在完成时基本用法
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现在完成时
现在完成时（Present perfect）表示过去发生 并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果， 过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或 状态。
（1） 强调动作是过去发生的
I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。（结果是灯已经关上了）
（2） 强调对现在的影响或结果
She has had a good education. She has not had a good education. Has she had a good education? When has she had a good education?
以下两种情况使用现在完成时：
1.表一个过去动作对现在的影响也就是影响性， 它与过去一般时容易混淆。因为都表过去动作， 区别是，一般过去时常有具体的过去性时间点 作时间状语，强调在什么点上发生了---动作： e.g. 1).I had my lunch at 12:30. 2).He came here half an hour ago .
e.g. 1).I have been a nurse since 10 years ago (I have been a nurse for 10 years) 2).We have lived in the town since we moved here two years ago/We have lived in the town for two years since we moved here. 3.He has been a member of the Party for 4 years.(这里be a member of 不能用非延续动词短 语join the party)
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting. ---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。)
用since和for填空 1. ______ two years 2._______ two years ago 3. _______ last month 4.______ 1999 5._______ yesterday 6. _______ 4 o’clock 7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour ago 9. _______ we were children 10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 13. ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ’ve known him __________ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
（3） 在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有 影响。 但过去分词一定要选择准确。
基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 e.g. done
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. They have gone to World Exposition in Shanghai. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语. They have not gone to World Exposition in Shanghai. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. Have they gone to World Exposition in Shanghai? ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+ 过去分词+其他） When have they gone to World Exposition in Shanghai?
2).You have just told me about it. 3).We haven't heard of him before
2.现在完成时还表持续性，这种情况下要用延续 性动词表动作从过去的一个点一直持续到现在 （可能还仍在持续着）,常跟由since引导过去点 状时间状语,表动作起点，还可跟由for引导的线状 时间状语,表时间线段）
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来 说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
一、翻译下列句子： 1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ Have you ever eaten fish and French fries? 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 I have just lost my chemical book. 3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 I have never gone to that farmland. 4. 他已经吃过午饭了。 He has already had lunch. 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ Have you already seen this movie?
现在完成时表示的过去动作主要强调它对现 在的影响，而不是在什么点上发生，因此不 跟具体时间点，却常有already(早已） /yet(还没）just, before 等时间比较含糊的时 间状语从句。
E.g. 1).She has already finished her competition./I haven't yet.
现在完成时（Present perfect）表示过去发生 并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果， 过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或 状态。
（1） 强调动作是过去发生的
I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。（结果是灯已经关上了）
（2） 强调对现在的影响或结果
She has had a good education. She has not had a good education. Has she had a good education? When has she had a good education?
以下两种情况使用现在完成时：
1.表一个过去动作对现在的影响也就是影响性， 它与过去一般时容易混淆。因为都表过去动作， 区别是，一般过去时常有具体的过去性时间点 作时间状语，强调在什么点上发生了---动作： e.g. 1).I had my lunch at 12:30. 2).He came here half an hour ago .
e.g. 1).I have been a nurse since 10 years ago (I have been a nurse for 10 years) 2).We have lived in the town since we moved here two years ago/We have lived in the town for two years since we moved here. 3.He has been a member of the Party for 4 years.(这里be a member of 不能用非延续动词短 语join the party)
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting. ---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。)
用since和for填空 1. ______ two years 2._______ two years ago 3. _______ last month 4.______ 1999 5._______ yesterday 6. _______ 4 o’clock 7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour ago 9. _______ we were children 10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 13. ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ’ve known him __________ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
（3） 在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有 影响。 但过去分词一定要选择准确。
基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 e.g. done
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. They have gone to World Exposition in Shanghai. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语. They have not gone to World Exposition in Shanghai. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. Have they gone to World Exposition in Shanghai? ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+ 过去分词+其他） When have they gone to World Exposition in Shanghai?
2).You have just told me about it. 3).We haven't heard of him before
2.现在完成时还表持续性，这种情况下要用延续 性动词表动作从过去的一个点一直持续到现在 （可能还仍在持续着）,常跟由since引导过去点 状时间状语,表动作起点，还可跟由for引导的线状 时间状语,表时间线段）
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来 说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
一、翻译下列句子： 1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ Have you ever eaten fish and French fries? 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 I have just lost my chemical book. 3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 I have never gone to that farmland. 4. 他已经吃过午饭了。 He has already had lunch. 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ Have you already seen this movie?
现在完成时表示的过去动作主要强调它对现 在的影响，而不是在什么点上发生，因此不 跟具体时间点，却常有already(早已） /yet(还没）just, before 等时间比较含糊的时 间状语从句。
E.g. 1).She has already finished her competition./I haven't yet.