高考英语语法考点解读：主谓一致与数词

主谓一致
在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。

近几来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致三个方面。

一、使用复数谓语动词的情况
1．由and, both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

如：
Both the teacher and the students are working hard.
但当and 连接的两个名词指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，且第二个名词前没有冠词等限定词时；另外，and连接的两个名词前有each，every等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数。

如：The knife and fork lies on the table.
2．“the＋形容词或过去分词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。

如：
The wounded were sent to the hospital at once.
3．the people/cattle/police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

如：
After hearing the news, the people present were all crying.
二、使用单数谓语动词的情况
1．单数名词、不可数名词、不定代词，如something/somebody, everything/everybody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
Anybody who breaks the law is to be punished.
2．不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
Looking after the baby is my job.
3．科名词，以­s结尾的单数名词，以­s结尾的书名、报纸杂志名、地方、组织名称作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：Physics is hard to study.
4．单数名词＋with, along with，together with，as well as，rather than, as much as, but, except, besides, such as, like, including等作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。

如：
Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.
三、使用就近原则的情况
or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but连接两个主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。

如：
Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball，otherwise they would take part in the basketball match.
四、集体名词作主语时主谓一致的情况
若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若侧重于个体，谓语动词用复数形式。

常见的集体名词有：class, family，population, committee等。

如：
The whole family are farmers.
五、几个具体情况
1．none作主语时，谓语动词多用复数形式，也可用单数形式。

如：
None of this money is yours.
None of these suggestions are very helpful.
2．a number of＋复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式，the number of＋复数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
A number of students study at home nowadays on weekends.
The number of students in my class is 63.
3．one of＋复数名词，后面跟定语从句时，谓语动词用复数形式，即与复数名词一致；the (only) one of＋复数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，即与the (only) one一致。

如：
He is one of the students who are against the plan.
The only one of the students who is to be punished is Tom.
4．“some＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；some＋单数名词作主语时，some意为“某个”，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
Some student is on duty today.
Some students in my class are very lazy.
5．trousers, shoes, glasses, scissors等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但a pair of…的结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
This pair of glasses is expensive.
6．单复数同形的名词作主语。

英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时，应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数，常见的这类名词有works(工厂)，police(警察)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿)，fish(鱼)，means(方法)，species(种类)，Chinese(中国人)，Japanese(日本人)；Swiss(瑞士人)；series(系列)等。

如：Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 7．what /whoever /which引导的主语从句充当主语时，有时要看what /whoever /which所指代的词的意义来决定谓语动词的数。

如：
What he said is true.
What we need are more volunteers.
8．“分数(百分数)＋of ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据名词确定。

如：One­third of us are boys.
Two­fifths of water is clear.
9．“more than one /many a ＋单数名词”作主语时，尽管其意义复数，但谓语动词还是用单数形式。

但“more than ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。

数词
数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数和概数。

复习时要注意下面问题：
1．基数词的意义：表示事物数量的多少，特别是hundred，thousand，million等，前面若有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时，它们只能用单数。

2．序数词一般由基数词＋th构成。

以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加eth。

如twentieth; fiftieth。

常用的不规则的序数词有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。

序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一；又一”时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)。

3．另外要注意代的表达“the＋代s或the ＋代's”和名词与数词的关系：“the＋序数词＋名词” 或“名词＋基数词”等。

4．分数的形式：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当基数词大于“1”时，序数词要用复数形式。

5．小数的组成和读法：小数点读作point，小数点前面的数按基数词的方法读，小数点后面的数按数字读。

1．单句改错
(1)One or perhaps more pages is missing.
【解析】is改为are。

由or连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与靠近它的主语一致。

(2)Large quantities of food was carried to the city.
【解析】was改为were。

“large quantities of＋复数名词或不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，即与quantities一致。

(3)All he said are wrong.
【解析】are改为is。

all 作主语时，若all为复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式，若all 为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式。

(4)The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon.
【解析】are改为is。

当as well as连接两个名词时，谓语动词与前面一个名词保持一致。

2．【误】Several millions people in the world are sending information by e­mail every day.
【正】Several million people in the world are sending information by e­mail every day.
【解析】在million，hundred等前如果有具体数字或several等词修饰时，要用单数形式。

但在表示不确切数目时用复数，如：表示“数百万”，应为millions of。

3．The company had about 20 computers but only one­third ________ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
【误】生可能以为one­third是分数，谓语动词应该用单数而误选A 或C; 另外生也可能不确定句子的时态而误选B。

【正】答案为D。

【解析】本题中的one­third指代的是computers的三分之一，因此此处谓语动词要用复数形式，且该句话说的是过去的事情。

1．[·山东卷] The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since 1990.
A．is B．are C．has been D．have been
【解析】C主语是the number，故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1990，所以用完成时态。

2．—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area ________ invited.
A．were B．have been
C．has been D．was
【解析】D由and连接的两个名词同时被every，each或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

再从问句的last night可以看出，应为过去时。

3．[·四川卷] The teacher together with the students ________ discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America.
A．are; were B．is; were
C．are; was D．is; was
【解析】D第一空谓语要和the teacher一致；第二空that指代Reading Skills这本书，谓语应用单数形式。

4．Shortly after the accident，two ________ police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A．dozens of B．dozens
C．dozens' of D．dozen
【解析】D dozen, score，hundred, thousand，million等名词前面有数词或several等词修饰时，这些词一般不用复数形式，但在下列短语中加s，并与of连用：dozens of (许多的)，hundreds of (成百的)，thousands of (上千的)，millions of (数百万的)。

5．He did it ________ it took me.
A．one third a time
B．one third time
C．the one third time
D．one third the time
【解析】D考查句子结构分析和倍数表达法。

句意为：他做这件事只用了我(做这件事)三分之一的时间。

这句话包含一个定语从句，修饰the time，只是关系词已省略。

6．[·四川卷] Such poets as Shakespeare ________ widely read，of whose works，however，some ________ difficult to understand.
A．are；are B．is；is
C．are；is D．is；are
【解析】A考查主谓一致。

第一空poets作主语，谓语用are，第二空some of his works 作主语，表示复数的概念，依然用are。

7．[·湖南卷] Listening to loud music at rock concerts________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
【解析】C考查主谓一致和时态。

根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项。

根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A，选C。

8．The secretary and headmaster of the school ________the meeting.
A．were going to B．are going to
C．are having D．is to attend
【解析】D只有and前的名词前有冠词，表示“书记兼校长”，指同一个人，选D。

9．[·陕西卷] Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ________visit Beijing this summer.
A．is going to
B．are going to
C．was going to
D．were going to
【解析】A考查动词时态和主谓一致。

主语是Dr. Smith，表单数，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this summer, 表计划性的将来，故时态用一般将来时，选A。

10．Either you or one of your students ________to attend the match that is due Tuesday.
A．are B．is C．have D．be
【解析】B考查主谓一致的用法。

either…or…连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。

11．An average of 130,000 Chinese ________ abroad for studies every year over the past few years, boosting exchanges in the educational fields.
A．was going
B．have been going
C．has been going
D．are going
【解析】B考查主谓一致及时态。

该句的主语是An average of 130,000 Chinese，故应将答案锁定在B、D中。

由于短语over the past few years知用现在完成进行时。

12．What the science teacher does and says ________ of great importance to college students.
A．was B．are C．is D．were
【解析】C考查主谓一致。

句意为：这个科老师所做的和所说的对大生很重要。

and连接的主语表示同一件事的两个方面，表示单数含义，谓语动词用单数形式。

13．Since he became a taxi driver, his income is________ as before.
A．three times as many
B．more than three times
C．three times as much
D．as three times
【解析】C考查倍数的表达方法。

正确形式应为：倍数＋as＋形容词、副词的原级＋as; 倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than…故答案为C。

14．[·陕西卷] It is reported that many a new house ________at present in the disaster area.
A．are being built
B．were being built
C．was being built
D．is being built
【解析】D本题考查动词时态和主谓一致。

many a加名词单数，谓语动词要用单数形式，排除A、B，at present表明了“现在”排除C。

15．—What is the model plane like?
—Well, the wings of the plane are ________ of its body.
A．more than the length twice
B．more than twice the length
C．more than the twice length
D．more twice than the length
【解析】B考查倍数句型。

根据倍数句型的构成“A＋is＋倍数词＋the＋length等＋of ＋B”选择B项。

答语意为“机翼的长是机身长的两倍多”。

more than twice意为“两倍多”。

1．（石家庄二中高三一模）Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers _______ to ten Hope Schools in South China．
A．were sent B．was sent C．have sent D．had been sent
【答案】B
2.（·河北正定中第一次月考）6．It is you, rather than he, that for the accident．
A．is to blame B．are to blame
C．is blame D．are blame
【答案】B
3.（·广西玉林、南宁二中9月联考）31．Between the two mountains the factory where my
father used to work.
A．stand B．stands C．to stand D．standing
【答案】B
4.（·浙江温州八校返校联考）34．Chen Fang , as well as his two colleagues, ________ for a trip to
Tibet in a month．
A．goes B．go C．is going D．are going
【答案】C考查主谓一致及时态。

此处Chen Fang是主语，故用单数谓语动词；根据in a month
可知用将来时。

5.（·四川绵阳中第一次月考）29. Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books to Zhouqu since the mudrock flow occurred.
A. has been offered
B. have been offered
C. are offered
D. is being offered
【答案】A
6.（·四川成都市摸底）32．Atlanta, as well as many other big cities, once again becoming
one of the commercial and cultural centers of the USA right now.
A．is B．are C．has been D．have been
【答案】A
7.（·湖南雅礼中第一次月考）26．More than one student in our class _________ to Shanghai Expo.
A．has been B．have been C．is D．are
【答案】A
8.（·江西南昌一中第一次月考）31．More than _______ of the classmates in my class ____ fond of
pop music．
A．twothird, is B．twothirds, is
C．secondthird, are D．twothirds, are
【答案】D
9.（·福建福州三中第一次月考）41．The teacher together with the students discussing Writing
skills that newly published in America.
A．are; were B．are; was C．is; was D．is; were
【答案】C
10.（·福建福州三中第一次月考）36．One third of the deer by the wolves last night.
A．was eaten B．is eaten C．were eaten D．are eaten
【答案】C
11. （浙江省慈溪中高三第二次月考）
The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _______ its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.
A. has
B. do
C. is
D. are
答案D
考查主谓一致。

此处soil and water是主语，故用are。

12. （广西桂林十八中高三第五次月考）
According to recent exploration to Mars, it may hold ______ water as previously thought. A. twice as much B. as much twice C. twice much as D. much as twice
答案A
考查数词的用法。

此句型倍数twice应置于as之前。

13. （陕西省镇安中高三上期第三次月考）
In fact, not only Mary and I but also Jane___ having one exam after another.
A. Is tired with
B. are tired with
C. is tired of
D. are tired of
答案C
考查主谓一致。

此处考查就近一致，Jane是主语故用is。

14. （河南省驻马店高中高三摸底考试）
Either you or one of your students ___ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. be
答案B
考查主谓一致。

此处考查就近一致，真正的主语是one of your students，故用is。

15. （上海市六校高三联考）
The lady was so keen on the fur coat that she would have bought it even if it cost __________ A. as twice much B. much as twice C. as much twice D. twice as much 答案D
考查数词的用法。

此处倍数应置于as之前。

16. （四川省绵阳南山中高三1月月考）
At the bus stop ________ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village. A．were B．was C．is D．sits
答案A
17. （江西省九江一中高三上期第四次月考）
Butter and bread ____their daily food, but the bread and the butter ______ up now.
A. is; is eaten
B. are; have been eaten
C. are; are eaten
D. is; have been eaten
答案D
18．（陕西省户县三中高三第二次月考）
________of the money______ my parents.
A. Two fifth, belongs to
B. Two five, belongs
C. Second fifths, is belonged to
D. Two fifths, belongs to
答案D
19. （甘肃省皋兰一中高三上期第三次月考）
Even though you offered _______ you have just offered, 1 would not sell it to you.
A. the money twice that
B. twice the money that
C. twice the money what
D. the money that twice
答案B
20. （辽宁省抚顺一中高三12月月考）
An average of 200 letters a week ____ received by the newspaper’s offer. Such _____ the case with us at present.
A. are; is
B. has been; has been
C. have been; is
D. is; are
答案A
11。