托福综合写作的备考技巧

托福综合写作的备考技巧
首先，summarize,也就是概括阅读和听力文章的主要内容和各三个分论点。

这其实就是Introduction 要写的内容，掌握了概括，第一段就不成问题咯!
其次，Paraphrase ，也就是改写。

掌握好了改写句子，你写起文章来将会感觉到如鱼得水，游刃有余。

改写其实主要有下面的两种方法：
第一，使用不同的词汇
a. 使用同义词，比如以下的一些写作高频词汇的同义词，你一定要掌握，出现的尤为频繁。

important 宀essential, crucial, vital, significant
think — claim, believe, con sider, deem, figureout
no waday— curre ntly, at prese nt, now, rece ntly, in rece nt years, these days
b. 改变词性，这是一种稍微难一些的方法，要求你的语法基础非常好，你才能灵活自如的使用。

n. —v.
Eg：When we look at a comparison
between A and B …
Whe n we compare A and B …
Adj. —n.
There are a variety of solutions
to the problem.
There are various solutions to the problem.
c. 使用不同的承接词。

承接词在文章当中的使用相当频繁，不但是段落和段落的连接，还包括句子和句子的连接。

背住一些常用的承接词比你的改写将会有极大的作用。

because of — due to, owing to, because, as, sin ce, for
but — however, n evertheless, non etheless, whereas
so — therefore, hence, thus, consequently
d. 形容词的逆向表达。

在某些形容词上实行修改，会达到非比寻常的效果。

Eg： not as easy as —— more difficult tha n …
Not uncommon—common
The cheapest —the least expensive
第二，使用不同的句型
a. 改变词序。

这是非常简单的一种方法，完全不用动脑筋就能够实行改写。

常常将句子中的状语（包括状语从句）换位置。

Eg：For many years, people have believed ….
—People believed … for many years.
After this program has been solved, work on … can continue.
b. 主动语态和被动语态的互相替换
Eg：Trained scientists performed this research.
—This research was performed by trained scientists.
c. 使用“ there be ” 句型，能够将一个简单句，马上变成一个加入定语从句或者分词的复杂句。

Eg：Several computer programs can be used to solve this problem.
—There are several computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.
或There are several computer programs used to solve this problem.
d. 定语从句，分词和插入语的互相替换
Eg： Study …,con ducted
by sociologists in 2004, shows that …
—Study …,which was con ducted by soci ologists in 2004, shows that …
Eg：This … , which is one of the most powerful … in the world, has …
—This … , one of the most powerful … in the world, has
接下来，Cite ，即引用。

托福综合写作乃客观写作，仅仅一个旁观者的角度对这两篇文章的内容实行描述，所以，某观点是出自哪篇文章一定要说清楚。

所以，下面的这些句型在综合写作中必不可缺。

a. According to+noun.
Eg：According to the passage/lecture/author/professor,
b. Subject+verbs of reporting +that clause
Eg：The author
tells/reports/suggests/explains/says/argues/states/indicates/ claims/poi nts out/thi nks/believes that …
或The speaker
agrees/disagrees/rejects/disputes/challenges/takes a different view ….
c. As is indicated/displayed/illustrated in the passage/lecture,...
最后，Synthesize ，也就是连接。

具体来讲，就是承接词的使用是相当重要的，将文章当中的重要信息连接起来，体现作者对于两篇文章的理解准确，说明作者的思路清楚。

因为综合写作是对两篇文章的比较，所以下面表对比和递进的承接词使用的最频繁。

a. Transitional words showing contrast ：however, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary
b. Transitional words showing addition ：moreover, furthermore, in addition, beside, as well。