疑问词不定式结构

“疑问词+不定式动词”结构

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英语有个很有用的结构，就是：

疑问词+不定式动词（question word +to-infinitive）。

疑问词是疑问代词“who,whom,what,which,whose”和疑问副词“when,where, how, why ”。此外，连接词“whether”也适用。

“疑问词+不定式动词”结构有何功用呢？其主要功用有下列五种：

⑴当主语，如：

● When to hold the meeting has not yetbeen decided.

● Where to live is a problem.

⑵当宾语，如：

● We must know what to say at a meeting.

● He could not tell whom to trust.

● Do you know how to play bridge?

⑶当补足语，如：

● The p roblem is where to find the financial aid.

● The question is who to elect.

⑷当名词同位语，如：

● Tom had no idea which book to read first.

● Do you have a rough impression how to do it?

⑸当宾语补足语，如：

● Jim is not sure whose to choose.

● Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not.适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括：

“know, see, decide,

tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn, rember, think, wonder, understand”等。

有点值得特别注意的是：

当这结构当宾语时，它的作用等于名词分句，例如：

●Icouldnotdecidewhichdictonarytobuy./Icouldnotdecidewhichdictionary I should buy.

●Jackdidnotknowwheretofindsuchagoodteacher./Jackdidnotknowwhere he could find such a good teacher.

有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。例如：

●Thechieftechnicianshowedtheapprenticehowtorepairthemachine.● Have you told him where to get the application form?

综上所述，可见“疑问词+不定式动词”结构是个形象清新，既容易用又不容易出错的特别结构，可以多多运用。

“疑问词+不定式”结构小结

2010-04-06 21:25

“疑问词+不定式”结构小结

疑问词+不定式”是英语中很有用的结构。疑问词是疑问代词

“who,whom,what,which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how”。

一、几种用法：

⑴作主语。如：

● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.

⑵作宾语。如：

● We must know what to say at a meeting.

⑶作表语。如：

● The problem is where to find the financial aid.

⑷作同位语。如：

● Tom had no idea which book to read first.

⑸用于双重宾语。如：

● I can tell you where to get this book.

二、注意事项：

1、并非所有动词都适用于“疑问词+不定式”结构，主要有：

“know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,forget,learn,rember,wonder , understand”等。

2、当这个结构作宾语时，它的作用相当于名词性从句。如：

● I could not decide which dictionary to buy. / I could not decidewhich dictionary I should buy.

●Jackdidnotknowwheretofindsuchagoodteacher./Jackdidnotknow where he could find such a good teacher.

3、有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有个宾语，然后再接适当的“疑问词+不定式” 结构。如：

● Have you told him where to get the a pplication form?

4、这种结构中，疑问代词须接及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语(who, which除外)

【误】I don't know what to talk.

【正】I don't know what to talk about.

但可以说：

We haven't decided who (which) to go.我们还没定谁(哪个)去。

5这种结构中的疑问副词后要接不及物动词；若接及物动词,要有动词的宾语。

I don't know how to talk.我不知如何谈。

I wonder if you could tell me how to do it.不知您能否告诉我如何去做这件事。(不能说:

... how to do.)

三、考点例析：

1. There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't know____.

A. where to choose

B. which to choose

C. to choose what

D. to choose which

考点：

"疑问词＋不定式"的语序；疑问词的选用。

2. I've worked with children before, so I know what ____ in mynew job.

A. expected