初中英语祈使句讲解及练习

初中英语――祈使句
祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。

其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。

1. 肯定的祈使句
（1）动词原形+其他
Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。

（2）Be + n./adj.
Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心/ 当心！（3）Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分
Let me help you. 让我来帮你。

Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。

2. 否定的祈使句
(1) Don't + 动词原形
Don't stand up. 别站起来。

Don't be careless. 别粗心。

Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

（2）Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其它成分”。

Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。

Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

（3）no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。

No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
3. 祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。

例如：Do shut up! 快住口！
4. 祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用
will或won’t。

在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：
1)形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致)
2) 意思相反(即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思)。

在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。

如：--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。

外面雨下得很大。

---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。

5. 祈使句的反意疑问句
(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。

Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 请把门打开，好吗？
(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。

Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了，行不行？
(3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。

Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？
<特别注意> 只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we，而let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.如：Let us stay here, will/ won't you? 请（你）让我们留在这好吗？
一. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.It’s an important meeting. _________________ (not, be )late.
2.________________ (not,make) any nise! Your mother is sleeping.
3.________________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _________ (be) polite.
4. ________________ ( not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud.
5._______________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.
6.________________ (look) out! A car is coming.
7._______________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
8.________________ (not, let) the baby cry.
9.Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold.
10. Let’s _______________ (not, say) anything about it.
二、单项选择
1. The TV is too loud. Please________.
A. turn it down
B. to turn it down
C. turn down it
D. to turn down it
2. _______ late again, Bill!
A. Don't to be
B. Don't be
C. Not be
D. Be not
3. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not
B. Won't
C. Doesn't
D. Don't
4. Please help me carry it, ______?
A. will I
B. will you
C. shall I
D. shall we
5. Don't make so much noise, ______?
A. will you
B. won't you
C. shall we
D. do you
6. Do you know the girl ______under the tree?
A. stand
B. to stand
C. standing
D. stood
7. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. bring
B. brings
C. to bring
D. bringing
8. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling
B. To tell
C. Told
D. Tell
9. I've kept the dog _______Maomao for a long time.
A. Name
B. named
C. naming
D. to name
10. Don't you know that _______ is good for our health?
A. swim
B. swimming
C. swam
D. swims
11 .Her doctor said: “________ work so hard”
A Stop
B Don’t
C Can’t
D No
12. Sindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock
A is sure
B is sure that
C will be sure
D be sure
13.________ when you cross the road.
A Do care
B Care
C Do be careful
D To be careful
14. ________him the secret, will you?
A Don’t tell
B Not to tell
C Not telling
D No telling
15. ________ in bed. It’s bad for your eyes.
A Not to read
B Don’t read
C Don’t to read
D Not read
16. ________ Your child. We’ll look after him.
A Not to worry about
B Don’t worry about
C Not worry for
D Don’t worry with
17.They are very tired. Why ________ have a rest?
A not they
B do not they
C don’t they
D not to
18 --You look rather tired. ________ stopping to have a rest?
-- All right.
A Why not
B How about
C Why not to
D why don’t
19 ______ tell a lie.
A Hardly
B Not
C No
D Never
20.Please ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard.
A not
B don’t
C aren’t
D can’t
三、句型转换
1. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）
_______ ________ again more slowly, please.
2. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. （改为同义句）
________ ________me, or I’ll go.
3. Let's watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句）
Let's watch the sports games, _______ _____?
4. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）
_______ _______careless, please.
5. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）
_______ _______ next to Nancy.
6. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句）
Don't forget to turn off the lights, _______ _______?
7. If you move, you'll die. （改为同义句）
_______ ______, or you'll die.
8. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句）
Come to my house tomorrow, _______ _______?
9. 这是一个坏了的被子。

（翻译句子）
This is a ________ ________.
10. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。

（翻译句子）
Let’s go and help the _______ _______, please.
四、将下列汉语翻译成英语。

1.请照看好您的包。

___________________________________________.
2.让我们去学校吧! ____________________________________________!
3.亲爱的,高兴点儿! ____________________________________________!
4.不要把书放这儿。

____________________________________________.
5.不要让猫进来。

____________________________________________.
参考答案
一、填空题
1.Dont’t be
2. Dont’t make
3. Dont’t speak be
4. Don’t talk read
5. Don’t leave
6. Look
7. Give 8. Don’t let 9. catch 10. not _say
二、单选题
1-5. ABDBA 6-10. CADBB 11-15 BADAD 16-20 BDADB
三、句型转换
1. Read it
2. Listen to
3. shall we
4. Don’t be
5. Don’t sit
6. will you
7. Don’t move
8. will / won’t you
9. broken glass / cup 10. crying girl
四、翻译Key:
1. Please look after your bag.
2.Let's go to school.
3.Be glad, dear
4. Don't put the book here .
5.Don't let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in。