绝对平均主义-汉英成语词典Chinese-English dictionary of idioms and phrases
专有名词汉译英
专有名词英文翻译保险业The insurance industry保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值output value城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查data from the sample survey出口信贷Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry第一产业primary industry独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market发展过快excessive growth防范和化解金融风险Take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分non-public sectors非贸易收汇Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构Non-bank financial institutions费改税Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds副业sideline production改革是社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展。
英汉哲学术语词典
Aaberrant 背离真理的，离经叛道的；越轨的；异常的；aberrant behavior 异常行为aberration 不合真情的，不合道德标准；像差；精神不健忘；abhorrent to reason 反理性的Abiding 房屋的，固定不变的，持久的abiogenesis (=abiogeny ) 自然发生；自然发生论，无生源说，偶发论abiogenetic 自然发生的；自然发生论的，无生源说的abiogeny 自然发生；自然发生论，偶发论abiotic 无生命的，非生物的abnorm 反常；变态abnormal 反常的；变态的abnormal reaction 异常反常abnormalism, abnormality 变态，变态性；反常的性质和状态；反常的事物abolish 取消，废除（某种制度和法律等）abolishable 可废弃的，可废除的abolition 废弃，取消；黑奴制度的废除aboriginal 最初的，元初的；原始的；原生的aboriginal language 土著语言aboriginal tribes 原始部落abreaction 发泄，宣泄，精神发泄疗法abrogate 废止；废除；扬弃absent-mindedness 心不在焉，神不守舍Absolute, the 绝对的存在；绝对者；（宇宙的）第一原因（first cause）;上帝（God） absolute accident 绝对附属性质，绝对附质absolute and relative truths 绝对真理和相对真理absolute a priori 绝对先天的absolute certitude 绝对必然性，绝对确实性absolute cognitive consciousness 绝对的认识意识；纯认知意识absolute completeness 绝对完备，绝对完备性absolute concept 绝对概念absolute consistency 相对相容性，绝对一致性，无矛盾性absolute definition 绝对定义absolute ego （费希特的）绝对自我absolute existence 绝对存在，绝对实存absolute good 绝对善，纯粹善absolute idealism （黑格尔的）绝对唯心论，绝对观念论（旧译），绝对唯心主义absolute idealist 绝对唯心论才，绝对观念论者（旧译），绝对唯心主义者absolute ideas 绝对观念，（黑格尔的）绝对理念absolute mind 绝对精神absolute notion 绝对概念absolute pragmatism 绝对的实用主义absolute reality 绝对本体，绝对实在absolute spirit （黑格尔哲学）绝对精神absolute value 绝对价值absoluteness 绝对，绝对性absoluter Geist [德]绝对精神absolutism 绝对论；专制主义；绝对宿命论absolutist 绝对论者；专制主义者；绝对论的；专制主义的；绝对论者的；专制主义者的；绝对宿命论者，绝对宿命论的abstinence 节制，禁欲abstract 抽象的；理论上的；观念的；（艺术上）抽象派的；抽象；抽象概念，抽象名词 abstract being 抽象存在abstract category 抽象范畴abstract entity 抽象的存在；抽象实体abstract idea 抽象观念abstract ideal theory 抽象观念论abstract proposition 抽象命题abstract reasoning 抽象推理abstract representation 抽象描述，抽象表述abstract thinking 抽象思维abstract thought 抽象思维能力，抽象推理能力abstract unity with itself 抽象的自身统一或同一abstraction 抽象，抽象化，抽象作用absurd 荒谬的，荒诞的，不合理的absurdism 荒诞主义，荒唐性；人生无意义论absurdist 荒诞主义者，荒诞主义哲学的提倡者或信奉者；荒诞主义的，有关（或涉及）荒诞主义的；荒诞剧的absurdity 荒谬；荒谬的事物或性质abuses of language 语言滥用academic 学术的；学院的；学究式的；理论的Academic 柏拉图学派的，学院派哲学的；柏拉图学派的人，学院派哲学家Academician 英国皇家美术院会员；法国美术院会员；苏联科学院院士；学院派哲学家 academicism (=academism) 学院主义，学院哲学的教义，学院式风气；传统主义Academy ,the 柏拉图学园；柏拉图哲学（又称学院派哲学）Academy of Plato 柏拉图学园acatalepsy (古代怀疑论者所谓的)不可知论，不可知性，概然论acataleptic （涉及）不可知论的，（具有）不可知论性质的；不可知论音，概然论者 acceptance 接受；承认；认可accepted 常规的；（被）认可的；公认为真实的access 接近；途径，门路（指手段、方法等）accessible 可接近的；容易理解的，易受影响的accident 偶然性，意外事件accidental 偶然的，偶发的；不具有实质（或内在）性质的，非本质的；附带的；非本质特性，偶然属性accidental event 偶然事件，意外事件accidentalism 偶然论，偶生论；偶然结果；偶发事件accidentality 偶然性，偶有性accommodation 调节；顺应，迁就accountability 有责任，有义务；可解释性，可说明性accumulation 积累achievable 可达到的；可获得的acme, the 顶点，极度acme of perfection, the 十全十美，尽善尽美acon （地质）十亿年，十亿期acosmic 宇宙否定论的，无宇宙论的，否认现世世界是客观存在的acosmism 无宇宙论，无世界论acquaimtance 相识；（从经验中获得的）知识，习知acquired 获得的，习得的；已成习惯的，后天的acquired taste 后天嗜好acquisition 习得；获得；获得物active being 主动的存在active intellect 能动的知性activism 行动论；能动性；能动主义activist 能动论者；能动论者的，有关或涉及能动论者的；能动论的，有关或涉及能动论的 activity 活动，活动性actual value 内在价值actuality 现实性；现实adage 格言，谚语Adam （《圣经》）亚当；最初的人Adaptation 适应，顺应addition 加，加法adequate 充分的，合适的adjoint 伴随的；伴随adjudication 判决aesthetic(=esthetic) 美学；美学的，审美的；感性的aesthetic sense 美感，美意识aesthetic sentiment 美的情操aesthetician 美学家，审美学家，审美学者aestheticist 美学家；审美学家aesthetics 美学；（康德哲学）感性论aetiological 原因论的aetiology 原因论affection 情感，爱；影响，作用affiliation 亲密关系affinity 亲和力；姻亲关系；关系密切；构造（或结构）近似after-effect 后效应；副作用afterimage 残像，余像afterthought 回想；追悔age 年龄；时代；时期；年代agent 行动者；原因；动因；作用物agent intellect 起动因作用的理智agent of the world-spirit 世界精神的代理人aggregate 使聚集；聚合的；集合aggregation 聚集作用，集合体；（生态）集合生活aggressiveness 攻击性，侵略性agitation 不安，激动agnostic 不可知论的；不可知论者的；不可知论者agnostical realism 不可知论的实在论agnosticism 不可知论agnosticist 不可知论者alchemist 炼丹术士的，炼金术的aleatory 侥幸的，碰运气的alien 相异的，异己的alienate 疏远，异化alienated labor 异化劳动alienation 异化alienism 精神病学alienist 精神病学家alignment （政治上的）结盟；合作；（系统内的）调整allegiance 忠顺，忠诚；虔诚allegory 比喻；寓言，寓意Allfather 神，上帝all-nature 整个自然界allocution 训谕almightiness 全能，万能almighty 全能的，万能的Almighty God, the（=God Almighty=the Almighty） 全能之神，上帝 alternative 二者择一的；选代的；互斥性；选代alternative case 可供选择的情况，可供选择的事例altruism 利他主义（A.孔德用语）altruist 利他主义者，信奉利他主义的人altruistic 利他的，利他主义的amalgamation （社会、思想等）同化，融合amalgamation of thought and action 思想与行动的一致ambiguity 含糊，模棱两可的语意；双重意义（double meaning） ambiguous 有歧义的，语议含混的，模棱两可的ambit 界限；范围ambitendency 自我矛盾倾向ambition 野心；功名心；宏愿的目标ambivalence （对同一人、事、物的）矛盾心理；双重性amelioration改善，改良ament 低能者，智力欠缺的人；白痴Americanologist 美国问题专家amorphism 虚无主义；无定形现象，无定形amphibol（o）gy（o）gy 模棱两可的言词；意义含糊amphibolous 含糊的，模棱两可的anabolism 同化作用，同化，物质合成代谢Analects of Confucius 《伦语》analogic（al） 类推的，类比的；根据类似的analogous 类似的，相似的analysis and synthesis 分析与综合analytic and synthetic propositions 分析命题和综合命题analytic geometry 解析几何analytic judgment a priori 先天分析判断analytic Marxism 分析的马克思主义analytic Marxist 分析的马克思主义者analytic philosophy 分析哲学，哲学分析（philosophical analysis） analytic philosophy of language 语言分析哲学anarchism 无政府主义；无政府状态，无政府anarchistic（al） 无政府主义的，关于（或倾向于）无政府主义的 Anaximandrian 阿那克西曼德哲学的ancient Greek views of nature 古希腊的自然观ancient materialism 古代唯物主义ancient of Days, the 上帝，神ancient philosophy 古代哲学ancients, the 古代文明的人民（尤指古希腊罗马人）angelology 天使说animal soul 动物的灵魂animal spirits 生命精气；元气（liveli-ness）；元精anmal worship 动物崇拜animatism 物活论animatist 物活论者animism 泛灵论，万物有灵论animist 泛灵论者，万物有灵论者animistic materialism 泛灵论唯物主义animistic materialist 泛灵论唯物主义者annals 年鉴，编年史annihilation 灵魂与肉体的毁灭annotated 附注释的，有注释的annotation 注释Anointed, the 救世主，基督anomaly 不规则，反常现象，异常anomy（=anomie） （社会）反常状态，混乱；无法无天行为；无律anonymous 匿名的，无名的，假名的Anselm’s ontological argument of the existence of God 安塞姆关于上帝存在的本体论论证 antagonism 敌对，对立；对抗性，对抗作用antagonistic（al） 对抗性的，敌对的，不相容的anteriority 先前，原先anthem 赞美诗，赞歌anthology 选集anthropic 人类的，与人类有关的anthropism（=anthropocentrism） 人类中心主义，人类中心说，人类本位观anthropocentric 以人类为宇宙中心的；人类中心主义的；以人类标准观察和解释宇宙万物的 anthropologism 人本主义anthropologist 人类学家；人本主义者anthropology 人类学；文化人类学，哲学人类学anthropomorphic 神人同形或同性论的anthropomorphism 拟人说，神人同形或同性论；拟人化anthropomorphist 神人同形或同性论者anthropomorphous 有人形的，似人的anthropophuism 神人同形或同性论anticipation 预想；预期；期待antinomy 二律背反，（法律、原则、法则的）矛盾；悖论antinomy of liar 说谎者悖论antitheism 反有神论，无神论antitheist 反有神论者，无神论者antithesis 对立；对立面；反题antithetic（al）正相反的，对立的apathy 无动于衷，冷淡，情感淡漠apeman 猿人apex 顶点，顶峰aphorism 格言，警句Apocalypse, the 《圣经》中的《启示录》apodeictic （=apodictic） 表达必然真理的；必然的；可以明确表示或证明的；绝对肯定的apologetics （基督教的）辩证学，护教学，辩证论apologist 辩护士，辩护者，护教论者apology 辩护，辩解aporetic 怀疑的a posteriori [拉]后天的；归纳的；后天地，归纳地Apostle （基督教）十二使徒之一。
平均主义解释
平均主义解释
平均主义（egalitarianism）是指主张所有人应该在社会、政治、经
济方面享有平等权利和机会的思想体系。
平均主义批判社会阶级差距、种
族歧视、性别歧视、财富不平等等现象，倡导人人平等的社会制度和文化
氛围。
平均主义强调社会中所有人应该享有同等待遇和保障，绝不因种族、性别、财富等因素而造成不公平的现象。
在政治方面，平均主义主张政治
平等，所有人在选举和被选举权利上应该一视同仁；在经济方面，平均主
义主张实行公平的分配制度，通过纳税等机制使全体公民享有公平的资源
分配。
经济学基础术语中英对照.
经济学基础术语中英对照经济学词汇Aaccounting:会计accounting cost :会计成本accounting profit :会计利润adverse selection :逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources :资源配置allocative efficiency :配置效率antitrust legislation :反托拉斯法arc elasticity :弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem :阿罗不可能定理Assumption :假设asymetric information :非对称性信息average :平均average cost :平均成本average cost pricing :平均成本定价法average fixed cost :平均固定成本average product of capital :资本平均产量average product of labour :劳动平均产量average revenue :平均收益average total cost :平均总成本average variable cost :平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry :进入壁垒base year :基年bilateral monopoly :双边垄断benefit :收益black market :黑市bliss point :极乐点boundary point :边界点break even point :收支相抵点budget :预算budget constraint :预算约束budget line :预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital :资本capital stock :资本存量capital output ratio :资本产出比率capitalism :资本主义cardinal utility theory :基数效用论cartel :卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption :“其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve :其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model :张伯伦模型change in demand :需求变化change in quantity demanded :需求量变化change in quantity supplied :供给量变化change in supply :供给变化choice :选择closed set :闭集Coase theorem :科斯定理Cobb—Douglas production function :柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model :蛛网模型collective bargaining :集体协议工资collusion :合谋command economy :指令经济commodity :商品commodity combination :商品组合commodity market :商品市场commodity space :商品空间common property :公用财产comparative static analysis :比较静态分析compensated budget line :补偿预算线compensated demand function :补偿需求函数compensation principles :补偿原则compensating variation in income :收入补偿变量competition :竞争competitive market :竞争性市场complement goods :互补品complete information :完全信息completeness :完备性condition for efficiency in exchange :交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production :生产的最优条件concave :凹concave function :凹函数concave preference :凹偏好consistence :一致性constant cost industry :成本不变产业constant returns to scale :规模报酬不变constraints :约束consumer :消费者consumer behavior :消费者行为consumer choice :消费者选择consumer equilibrium :消费者均衡consumer optimization :消费者优化consumer preference :消费者偏好consumer surplus :消费者剩余consumer theory :消费者理论consumption :消费consumption bundle :消费束consumption combination :消费组合consumption possibility curve :消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier :消费可能性前沿consumption set :消费集consumption space :消费空间continuity :连续性continuous function :连续函数contract curve :契约曲线convex :凸convex function :凸函数convex preference :凸偏好convex set :凸集corporatlon :公司cost :成本cost benefit analysis :成本收益分cost function :成本函数cost minimization :成本极小化Cournot equilihrium :古诺均衡Cournot model :古诺模型Cross—price elasticity :交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss :重负损失decreasing cost industry :成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale :规模报酬递减deduction :演绎法demand :需求demand curve :需求曲线demand elasticity :需求弹性demand function :需求函数demand price :需求价格demand schedule :需求表depreciation :折旧derivative :导数derive demand :派生需求difference equation :差分方程differential equation :微分方程differentiated good :差异商品differentiated oligoply :差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution :边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return :收益递减diminishing marginal utility :边际效用递减direct approach :直接法direct taxes :直接税discounting :贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale :规模不经济disequilibrium :非均衡distribution :分配division of labour :劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity :边际生产率分配论duoupoly :双头垄断、双寡duality :对偶durable goods :耐用品dynamic analysis :动态分析dynamic models :动态模型EEconomic agents :经济行为者economic cost :经济成本economic efficiency :经济效率economic goods :经济物品economic man :经济人economic mode :经济模型economic profit :经济利润economic region of production :生产的经济区域economic regulation :经济调节economic rent :经济租金exchange :交换economics :经济学exchange efficiency :交换效率economy :经济exchange contract curve :交换契约曲线economy of scale :规模经济Edgeworth box diagram :埃奇沃思图exclusion :排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve :埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model :埃奇沃思模型efficiency :效率，效益efficiency parameter :效率参数elasticity :弹性elasticity of substitution :替代弹性endogenous variable :内生变量endowment :禀赋endowment of resources :资源禀赋Engel curve :恩格尔曲线entrepreneur :企业家entrepreneurship :企业家才能entry barriers :进入壁垒entry/exit decision :进出决策envolope curve :包络线equilibrium :均衡equilibrium condition :均衡条件equilibrium price :均衡价格equilibrium quantity :均衡产量eqity :公平equivalent variation in income :收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem :过度生产能力定理excess supply :过度供给exchange :交换exchange contract curve :交换契约曲线exclusion :排斥性、排他性exclusion principle :排他性原则existence :存在性existence of general equilibrium :总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables :外生变量expansion paths :扩展径expectation :期望expected utility :期望效用expected value :期望值expenditure :支出explicit cost :显性成本external benefit :外部收益external cost :外部成本external economy :外部经济external diseconomy :外部不经济externalities :外部性FFactor :要素factor demand :要素需求factor market :要素市场factors of production :生产要素factor substitution :要素替代factor supply :要素供给fallacy of composition :合成谬误final goods :最终产品firm :企业firms’demand curve for labor :企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve :企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination :第一级价格歧视first—order condition :一阶条件fixed costs :固定成本fixed input :固定投入fixed proportions production function :固定比例的生产函数flow :流量fluctuation :波动for whom to produce :为谁生产free entry :自由进入free goods :自由品，免费品free mobility of resources :资源自由流动free rider :搭便车，免费搭车function :函数future value :未来值Ggame theory :对策论、博弈论general equilibrium :总体均衡general goods :一般商品Giffen goods :吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox :吉芬之谜Gini coefficient :吉尼系数goldenrule :黄金规则goods :货物government failure :政府失败government regulation :政府调控grand utility possibility curve :总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier :总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product :异质产品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion :希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity :齐次性homogeneous demand function :齐次需求函数homogeneous product :同质产品homogeneous production function :齐次生产函数horizontal summation :水平和household :家庭how to produce :如何生产human capital :人力资本hypothesis :假说Iidentity :恒等式imperfect competion :不完全竞争implicitcost :隐性成本income :收入income compensated demand curve :收入补偿需求曲线income constraint :收入约束income consumption curve :收入消费曲线income distribution :收入分配income effect :收入效应income elasticity of demand :需求收入弹性increasing cost industry :成本递增产业increasing returns to scale :规模报酬递增inefficiency :缺乏效率index number :指数indifference :无差异indifference curve :无差异曲线indifference map :无差异族indifference relation :无差异关系indifference set :无差异集indirect approach :间接法individual analysis :个量分析individual demand curve :个人需求曲线individual demand function :个人需求函数induced variable :引致变量induction :归纳法industry :产业industry equilibrium :产业均衡industry supply curve :产业供给曲线inelastic :缺乏弹性的inferior goods :劣品inflection point :拐点information :信息information cost :信息成本initial condition :初始条件initial endowment :初始禀赋innovation :创新input :投入input—output :投入—产出institution :制度institutional economics :制度经济学insurance :保险intercept :截距interest :利息interest rate :利息率intermediate goods :中间产品internatization of externalities :外部性内部化invention :发明inverse demand function :逆需求函数investment :投资invisible hand :看不见的手isocost line :等成本线，isoprofit curve :等利润曲线isoquant curve :等产量曲线isoquant map :等产量族Kkinded—demand curve :弯折的需求曲线Llabour :劳动labour demand :劳动需求labour supply :劳动供给labour theory of value :劳动价值论labour unions :工会laissez faire :自由放任Lagrangian function :拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier :拉格朗乘数，land :土地law :法则law of demand and supply :供需法law of diminishing marginal utility :边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution :边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution :边际技术替代率law of increasing cost :成本递增法则law of one price :单一价格法则leader—follower model :领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs :最低成本的投入组合leisure :闲暇Leontief production function :列昂节夫生产函数licenses :许可证linear demand function :线性需求函数linear homogeneity :线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function :线性齐次生产函数long run :长期long run average cost :长期平均成本long run equilibrium :长期均衡long run industry supply curve :长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost :长期边际成本long run total cost :长期总成本Lorenz curve :洛伦兹曲线loss minimization :损失极小化1ump sum tax :一次性征税luxury :奢侈品Mmacroeconomics :宏观经济学marginal :边际的marginal benefit :边际收益marginal cost :边际成本marginal cost pricing :边际成本定价marginal cost of factor :边际要素成本marginal physical productivity :实际实物生产率marginal product :边际产量marginal product of capital :资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour :劳动的边际产量marginal productivity :边际生产率marginal rate of substitution :边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns :边际回报marginal revenue :边际收益marginal revenue product :边际收益产品marginal revolution :边际革命marginal social benefit :社会边际收益marginal social cost :社会边际成本marginal utility :边际效用marginal value products :边际价值产品market :市场market clearance :市场结清，市场洗清market demand :市场需求market economy :市场经济market equilibrium :市场均衡market failure :市场失败market mechanism :市场机制market structure :市场结构market separation :市场分割market regulation :市场调节market share :市场份额markup pricing :加减定价法Marshallian demand function :马歇尔需求函数maximization :极大化microeconomics :微观经济学minimum wage :最低工资misallocation of resources :资源误置mixed economy :混合经济model :模型money :货币monopolistic competition :垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation :垄断剥削monopoly :垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium :垄断均衡monopoly pricing :垄断定价monopoly regulation :垄断调控monopoly rents :垄断租金monopsony :买方垄断NNash equilibrium :纳什均衡Natural monopoly :自然垄断Natural resources :自然资源Necessary condition :必要条件necessities :必需品net demand :净需求nonconvex preference :非凸性偏好nonconvexity :非凸性nonexclusion :非排斥性nonlinear pricing :非线性定价nonrivalry :非对抗性nonprice competition :非价格竞争nonsatiation :非饱和性non--zero—sum game :非零和对策normal goods :正常品normal profit :正常利润normative economics :规范经济学Oobjective function :目标函数oligopoly :寡头垄断oligopoly market :寡头市场oligopoly model :寡头模型opportunity cost :机会成本optimal choice :最佳选择optimal consumption bundle :消费束perfect elasticity :完全有弹性optimal resource allocation :最佳资源配置optimal scale :最佳规模optimal solution :最优解optimization :优化ordering of optimization(social) preference :(社会)偏好排序ordinal utility :序数效用ordinary goods :一般品output :产量、产出output elasticity :产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter :参数Pareto criterion :帕累托标准Pareto efficiency :帕累托效率Pareto improvement :帕累托改进Pareto optimality :帕累托优化Pareto set :帕累托集partial derivative :偏导数partial equilibrium :局部均衡patent :专利pay off matrix :收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve :感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition :完全竞争perfect complement :完全互补品perfect monopoly :完全垄断perfect price discrimination :完全价格歧视perfect substitution :完全替代品perfect inelasticity :完全无弹性perfectly elastic :完全有弹性perfectly inelastic :完全无弹性plant size :工厂规模point elasticity :点弹性post Hoc Fallacy :后此谬误prediction :预测preference :偏好preference relation :偏好关系present value :现值price :价格price adjustment model :价格调整模型price ceiling :最高限价price consumption curve :价格费曲线price control :价格管制price difference :价格差别price discrimination :价格歧视price elasticity of demand :需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply :供给价格弹性price floor :最低限价price maker :价格制定者price rigidity :价格刚性price seeker :价格搜求者price taker :价格接受者price tax :从价税private benefit :私人收益principal—agent issues :委托--代理问题private cost :私人成本private goods :私人用品private property :私人财产producer equilibrium :生产者均衡producer theory :生产者理论product :产品product transformation curve :产品转换曲线product differentiation :产品差异product group :产品集团production :生产production contract curve :生产契约曲线production efficiency :生产效率production function :生产函数production possibility curve :生产可能性曲线productivity :生产率productivity of capital :资本生产率productivity of labor :劳动生产率profit :利润profit function :利润函数profit maximization :利润极大化property rights :产权property rights economics :产权经济学proposition :定理proportional demand curve :成比例的需求曲线public benefits :公共收益public choice :公共选择public goods :公共商品pure competition :纯粹竞争rivalry :对抗性、竞争pure exchange :纯交换pure monopoly :纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model :数量调整模型quantity tax :从量税quasi—rent :准租金Rrate of product transformation :产品转换率rationality :理性reaction function :反应函数regulation :调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent :租金rent control :规模报酬rent seeking :寻租rent seeking economics :寻租经济学resource :资源resource allocation :资源配置returns :报酬、回报returns to scale :规模报酬revealed preference :显示性偏好revenue :收益revenue curve :收益曲线revenue function :收益函数revenue maximization :收益极大化ridge line :脊线risk :风险satiation :饱和，满足saving :储蓄scarcity :稀缺性law of scarcity :稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination :二级价格歧视second derivative :--阶导数second—order condition :二阶条件service :劳务set :集shadow prices :影子价格short—run :短期short—run cost curve :短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium :短期均衡short—run supply curve :短期供给曲线shut down decision :关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point :关闭点single price monopoly :单一定价垄断slope :斜率social benefit :社会收益social cost :社会成本social indifference curve :社会无差异曲线social preference :社会偏好social security :社会保障social welfare function :社会福利函数socialism :社会主义solution :解space :空间stability :稳定性stable equilibrium :稳定的均衡Stackelberg model :斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis :静态分析stock :存量stock market :股票市场strategy :策略subsidy :津贴substitutes :替代品substitution effect :替代效应substitution parameter :替代参数sufficient condition :充分条件supply :供给supply curve :供给曲线supply function :供给函数supply schedule :供给表Sweezy model :斯威齐模型symmetry :对称性symmetry of information :信息对称tangency :相切taste :兴致technical efficiency :技术效率technological constraints ；技术约束technological progress :技术进步technology :技术third—degree price discrimination :第三级价格歧视total cost :总成本total effect :总效应total expenditure :总支出total fixed cost :总固定成本total product :总产量total revenue :总收益total utility :总效用total variable cost :总可变成本traditional economy :传统经济transitivity :传递性transaction cost :交易费用uncertainty :不确定性uniqueness :唯一性unit elasticity :单位弹性unstable equilibrium :不稳定均衡utility :效用utility function :效用函数utility index :效用指数utility maximization :效用极大化utility possibility curve :效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier :效用可能性前沿Vvalue :价值value judge :价值判断value of marginal product :边际产量价值variable cost :可变成本variable input :可变投入variables :变量vector :向量visible hand :看得见的手vulgur economics :庸俗经济学Wwage :工资wage rate :工资率Walras general equilibrium :瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras's law :瓦尔拉斯法则Wants :需要Welfare criterion :福利标准Welfare economics :福利经学Welfare loss triangle :福利损失三角形welfare maximization :福利极大化Zzero cost :零成本zero elasticity :零弹性zero homogeneity :零阶齐次性zero economic profit :零利润。
经济学名词解释(中英文对照)
1、绝对优势（Absolute advantage）如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。
2、逆向选择（Adverse choice）在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。
3、选择成本（Alternative cost）如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。
4、需求的弧弹性（Arc elasticity of demand）如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2 和Q2 为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于-（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2）5、非对称的信息（Asymmetric information）在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。
例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。
6、平均成本（Average cost）平均成本是总成本除以产量。
也称为平均总成本。
7、平均固定成本( Average fixed cost）平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。
8、平均产品（Average product）平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。
9、平均可变成本（Average variable cost）平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。
10、投资的β(Beta）β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。
对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。
11、债券收益(Bond yield）债券收益是债券所获得的利率。
12、收支平衡图（Break－even chart）收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。
收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。
13、预算线(Budget line）预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。
国际经济学中英名词解释
国际经济学中英名词解释Absolute advantage: The greater efficiency that one nation may have over another in the production of a commodity. This was the basis for trade for Adam Smith.绝对优势：一国在生产一种产品上比另一国家有更大的有效性。
这是亚当·斯密自由贸易理论的基础。
Absolute purchasing-power parity theory: Postulates that the equilibrium exchange rate is equal to the ratio of the price levels in the two nations. This version of the PPP theory can be very misleading. 绝对购买力平价理论：假设平衡汇率等于两国的价格水平之比，这一购买力平价理论的解释是不被接受的。
Ad valorem tariff: A tariff expressed as a fixed percentage of the value of a traded commodity.从价税：一种表示为贸易商品价值的一个固定百分比的税。
Arbitrage: The purchase of a currency in the monetary center where it is cheaper for immediate resale in the monetary center where it is more expensive in order to make a profit.套利：在某货币较便宜的货币中心购买该货币，立即在另一较贵的货币中心卖掉此货币以谋利的行为。
经济学词典名词解释
经济词典AAbility－to－pay principle（of taxation）（税收的）支付能力原则按照纳税人支付能力确定纳税负担的原则。
纳税人支付能力依据其收人或财富来衡量。
这一原则并不说明某经济状况较好的人到底该比别人多负担多少。
Absolute advantage(in international trade） (国际贸易中的）绝对优势 A国所具有的比B国能更加有效地（即单位投入的产出水平比较高等）生产某种商品的能力。
这种优势并不意味着A国必然能将该商品成功地出口到B国。
因为B国还可能有一种我们所说的比较优势或曰比较利益（comparative advantage）。
Accelerator principle 加速原理解释产出率变动同方向地引致投资需求变动的理论。
Actual,cyc1ical， and structual budget 实际预算、周期预算和结构预算实际预算的赤字或盈余指的是某年份实际记录的赤字或盈余。
实际预算可划分成结构预算和周期预算。
结构预算假定经济在潜在产出水平上运行，并据此测算该经济条件下的政府税入、支出和赤字等指标。
周期预算基于所预测的商业周期（及其经济波动）对预算的影响。
Adaptive expectations 适应性预期见预期（expectations）。
Adjustable peg 可调整钉住一种（固定）汇率制度。
在该制度下，各国货币对其他货币保持一种固定的或曰“钉住的”汇率。
当某些基本因素发生变动、原先汇率失去合理依据的时候，这种汇率便不时地趋于凋整。
在1944－1971年期间，世界各主要货币都普遍实行这种制度，称为“布雷顿森林体系”。
Administered（or inflexible） prices 管理（或非浮动）价格特指某类价格的术语。
按照有关规定，这类价格在某一段时间内、在若干种交易中能够维持不变。
（见价格浮动，price flexibility）Adverse selection 逆向选择一种市场不灵。
绝对主义
2001年，英国著名马克思主义历史学家佩里·安德森的《绝对主义国家的系谱》中译本在中国大陆面世国内 学界对该书的主题——欧洲绝对主义问题开始有加，正如中译本序言所说：“对于大多数中国读者来说，本书的 书名及全书的核心概念‘绝对主义’(absolutism)可能是陌生的。
相关人物
罗伊斯与绝对唯心主义
在1870年左右，出现了一个横跨欧洲和北美的哲学复兴。新黑格尔主义“在美国最大的代表乔赛亚·罗伊斯 （1855—1916）在1885年发表的首部著作《哲学的宗教方面》就力图在科学事实的世界中为宗教找到一席之地”。 在美国使黑格尔哲学受到注意且开始传播的现实社会因素是南北战争。战前布罗克迈尔和哈利斯于1859年在圣路 易斯创立了“康德俱乐部”，主要是阅读和讨论康德、费希特、谢林特别是黑格尔的哲学著作。
绝对主义
把事物和认识绝对化的形而上学观点
目录
01 表现形式
03 起源与发展
02 特点介绍 04 相关人物
绝对主义同“相对主义”对称。一种把事物和认识绝对化的形而上学观点。它和相对主义一样，都只承认相对性，否认绝对性；绝对主义只承认绝对性， 否认相对性。绝对主义把事物绝对化，认为一切事物都是从来如此，永远如此，不承认一切过程都有始有终，一 个过程可以转化为另一个过程。特点是割裂事物和人的认识的绝对和相对的关系，只承认其绝对性，否认其相对 性。
战后，该俱乐部于1886年改名为“圣路易斯哲学学会”，扩大了对黑格尔哲学的研究。19世纪90年代初，唯 心主义体系所引起的热情逐渐冷却，但此时美国哲学家罗伊斯以其颇丰的著作和“绝对”论证阻止了唯心主义的 颓势。
政治学词汇(中英)
政治学专用词汇一院制 Unicameral一党制国家 One—party States人权 Human rights人权宣言 Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会 Trade unions下议院 House of Commons上议院 House of Lords个人主义 Individualism女权主义 Feminism马列主义 Marxism—Leninism马克思主义 Marxism马基雅维里主义 Machiavelli王权 Crown无产阶级 Proletariat无产阶专政Dictatorship of the proletariat 无政府主义 Anarchism专制 Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism 中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权 Separation of powers公共行政 Public administration公民权利 Civil rights公民自由 Civil liberties正义 Justice可审判性 Justiciability平等 Equality奴隶制 Slavery占统治地位的党 Dominant party代表 Delegate代议员 Representative代议制政府 Representative government代表制 Representation主权 Sovereignty市民社会 Civil society市（镇）长 Major立宪主义 Constitutionalism立宪政体 Constitutional government立法机关 Legislatures 立法否决 Legislative veto立法委员会 Legislative committees立法起草 Legislative drafting半总统制 Semi-presidential systems议长 Speaker议会制度 Parliamentary system司法机构 Judiciary司法行政官 Magistrate司法审查 Judicial review民主 Democracy民主党 Democratic Party民主集中制 Democratic centralism民意测验 Opinion polls共产党 Communist Parties共和国 Republic机构/制度 Institution权力 Power权利 Rights权利法案 Bill of rights权威 Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官 Prefect地方政府 Local government地方政府财政 Local government finance 地方政治 Local politics同意 Consent同意投票 Approval voting团体理论 Group theory邦联 Confederation邦联条例 Articles of Confederation自由 Freedom自由党 Liberal parties自由裁量权 Discretion自决 Self-determination自治 Self-government自治领 Dominion行为主义 Behaviouralism行政 Administration行政机关 Executives行政委员 Administrative board行政法庭 Administrative tribunal行政法院 Administrative court州长 Governor多元主义 Pluralism多元社会 Plural society多头制 Polyarchy多数派政府 Majority government多数统治 Majority rule决策 Decision making决策理论 Decision theory农奴制 Serfdom阶层/阶级 Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯 Madison,James苏格拉底 Socrates极权主义 Totalitarianism否决权 Veto投票 Voting投票率 Turnout护宪 Entrenchment财产权 Property利益 Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation 利益集团 Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press社区/共同体 Community社团主义 Corporatism社会主义 Socialism社会民主主义 Social democracy社会契约论 Social contract君主制 Monarchy责任 Responsibility责任政府 Responsible government直接民主 Direct democracy直接行动 Direct action托马斯.杰斐逊 Thomas.Jefferson欧洲议会 European Parliament欧洲共同体 European Community歧视 Discrimination国际法 International Law国家 State国家元首 Head of state国家消亡 Withering away of the state 国家财政危机 Fiscal crisis of the state 非暴力反抗 Civil disobedience非暴力行为 Non-violent action制定法 Statute Law制衡 Checks and balance委任 Patronage委员会 Commission质询 Interpellation法 Law法令 Act法官 Judge法治 Rule of law法律的正当程序 Due process of law法案，议案 Bill宗教自由 Freedom of religion审判 Adjudication审查制度 Censorship官僚制/官僚 Bureaucracy实证主义 Positivism封建主义 Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution 政体 Polity政纲 platform政变Coup D’etat政府 Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑 Head of government政府调查 Public inquiry政治 Politics政治义务 Political obligation政治文化 Political culture政治中的种族问题 Race in politics政治心理学 Political psychology政治发展 Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee政治行为研究 Political behaviour政治地理学 Political geography政治权力 Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通 Political communication政治体系/政治系统 Political system政治参与 Political participation政治财政 Political finance政治科学 Political science政治社会化 Political socialization政治社会学 Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics 政治态度 Political attitudes政治腐败 Political corruption政治继承 Political succession政治理论 Political theory政治暴力 Political violence政治影响 Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integratio 政党分赃制 Spoils system政党认同 Party identification政党代表大会 Party convention政党功能 Parties,political:functions of 政党组织 Party organization政党核心集团 Machine政党秘密会议 Caucus政策分析 Policy analysis政策实施 Implementation政策输出研究 Policy output studies城市政府 City government城邦国家 City state贵族/贵族制 Aristocracy思想库 Think tank守政府 Caretaker government选区 Constituency选民登记 Registration of electors选择投票 Ticket-splitting选择领导 Leadership selection选举 Elections选举团 Electoral college选举纲领 Election program选举制度 Electoral system选票 Ballot重农主义 Physiocracy重划选区 Redistribution重商主义 Mercantilism 种族灭绝 Genocide种族主义 Racism种族隔离 Apartheid顺从 Deference保守主义 Conservatism保守党 Conservative parties保护主义 Clientelism修正主义 Revisionism独立机构 Independent agency独立宣言 Declaration of Independence独裁主义，权威主义 Authoritarianism独裁制 Autocracy帝国 Empire帝国主义 Imperialism美国革命 American Revolution美国国会 Congress美国辉格党 Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime ministerPrime ministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工 General strike总督 Governor-General派别 Faction咨询和同意 Advice and consent宣传 Propaganda宪法 Constitutional law宪法规约 Convention of the constitution 宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism 神权政治 Theocracy神授王权 Divine right of kings费边主义 Fabianism绝对专制主义 Absolutism统治阶级 Ruling class统治能力 Governability恐怖 Terror恐怖主义 Terrorism格劳修斯 Grotius监护 Tutelage监察专员 Ombudsman党派首领 Boss罢免 Recall恩格斯 Engels缺席投票 Absence voting特权 Prerogative特许状 Charter秘密警察 Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择 candidate selection爱国主义 Patriotism被保护国 Protectorate竞争性政党制度 Competitive party system 竞选运动 Election campaign部门 Department部长，部 Minister/Ministry部长会议 Council of Ministers准司法 Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织 Quango资历制 Seniority资产阶级 Bourgeoisie资本主义 Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义 Romanticism宽容 Toleration家长型控制 Paternalism调查委员会 Select committee预算，预算编制 Budget/Budgeting陪审团 Jury理性 Rationality理性选择方法 Rational choice教权主义 Clericalism教会与国家 Church and State基本权利 Fundamental right基层党组织 Primary party organization 职能代表 Functional representation授权立法 Delegated legislation授权学说 Mandate theory常设委员会 Standing committee累计投票 Cumulative vote唯心主义 Idealism领导 Leadership第二院，上议院 Second chambers康德 Kant混合政府 Mixed government 弹劾 Impeachment隐私 Privacy殖民统治 Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government 联合民主 Consociational democracy联合国 United Nations联邦制 Federalism联邦党人文集 Federalist Papers联盟，联合 League超载 Overload超国家政府 Supranational government 博爱 Fraternity斯大林 Stalin斯宾诺莎 Spinoza亚当.斯密 Adam.Smith最低下限 Droop quota最高行政法院 Conseil d’A etat最高法院 Supreme court黑格尔 Hegal辉格党与托利党 Whigs and Tories等级 Estates集体主义 Collectivism集体行动 Collective action集体领导 Collective leadership集合理论 Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票 Block vote普通法 Common law游说 Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization强制性投票 Compulsory voting鼓励性行动 Affirmative action马丁.路德 Martin.Luther解散议会 Dissolution of parliament 意识形态 Ideology新左派 New Left新右派 New Right新政 New deal新教政党 Protestant parties福利国家 Welfare state群众性政党 Mass membership party僭主制/暴政 Tyranny寡头制 Oligarchy寡头政治铁律 Iron law of oligarchy 精英，精英主义 Elites,Elitism精英理论 Doctrine of elites腐败选区 Rotten borough弊政 Maladministration熊彼特 Schumpeter影子内阁 Shadow cabinet暴力 Violence潘恩 Paine 霍布斯 Hobbes穆勒 Mill激进主义 Radicalism激进政党 Radical parties整体主义 Holism辩证法 Dialectic辩证唯物主义 Dialectical materialism 警察 Police警察国家 Police state。
商业英语词汇
absolute change 绝对数值变更absolute expenditure 实际开支absolute guideline figure 绝对准则数字absolute interest 绝对权益absolute order of discharge 绝对破产解除令absolute profit margin 绝对利润幅度absolute value 实值；绝对值absolutely vested interest 绝对既得权益absorbed cost 已吸收成本；已分摊成本absorption 吸收；分摊；合并absorption rate 吸收率；摊配率；分摊率ACB Finance Limited 亚洲商业财务有限公司acceptable form of reciprocity 合理的互惠条件acceptable rate 适当利率；适当汇率A share Ａ股；甲类股份abatement of tax 减税；减扣免税额ABN AMRO Bank N.V. 荷兰银行above-the-line expenditure 在线项目支出；经常预算支出above-the-line receipt 在线项目收入；经常预算收入ABSA Asia Limited 南非联合亚洲有限公司acceptance agreement 承兑协议acceptance for honour 参加承兑acceptor 承兑人；接受人；受票人acceptor for honour 参加承兑人accident insurance 意外保险Accident Insurance Association of Hong Kong 香港意外保险公会accident insurance scheme 意外保险计划accident year basis 意外年度基准accommodation 通融；贷款accommodation bill 通融票据；空头票据accommodation party 汇票代发人account balance 账户余额；账户结余account book 帐簿account collected in advance 预收款项account current book 往来帐簿account of after-acquired property 事后取得的财产报告account of defaulter 拖欠帐目account payable 应付帐款account payee only 只可转帐；存入收款人账户account receivable 应收帐款account receivable report 应收帐款报表account statement 结单；账单；会计财务报表account title 账户名称；会计科目accountant's report 会计师报告Accountant's Report Rules 会计师报告规则accounting and auditing procedure 会计与审计程序；会计与核数程序Accounting Arrangements 《会计安排》accounting basis 会计基础accounting by Official Receiver 破产管理署署长呈交的帐目Accounting Circular 《会计通告》accounting class 会计类别accounting date 记帐日期；会计结算日期accounting for money 款项核算Accounting Officer 会计主任accounting period 会计报告期；会计期accounting policy 会计政策；会计方针accounting practice 会计惯例accounting principle 会计准则accounting record 会计记录accounting report 会计报告Accounting Services Branch 会计事务部〔库务署〕Accounting Society of China 中国会计学会accounting statement 会计报表accounting system 会计制度；会计系统accounting transaction 会计事项；帐务交易accounting treatment 会计处理accounting year 会计年度accretion 增值；添加accrual 应计项目；应累算数目accrual basis 应计制；权责发生制accrual basis accounting 应计制会计；权责发生制会计accrue 应累算；应计accrued benefit 应累算利益accrued charges 应计费用accrued cumulative preference share dividend 应累算的累积优先股股息accrued expenses 应累算费用accrued interest payable 应付利息；应计未付利息accrued interest receivable 应收利息；应计未收利息accrued right 累算权益accruing profit 应累算的利润accumulated fiscal reserve 累积财政储备accumulated profit 累积利润；滚存溢利accumulated reserve 累积储备accumulation of surplus income 累积收益盈余acquired assets 既得资产acquisition 收购；购置；取得acquisition cost 购置成本acquisition expenses 购置费用acquisition of 100% interest 收购全部股权acquisition of control 取得控制权acquisition of fixed assets 购置固定资产acquisition of shell “买壳”acquisition price 收购价act of God 天灾acting partner 执事合伙人active market 买卖活跃的市场；交投畅旺的市场；旺市active partner 积极参与的合伙人active trading 交投活跃actual circulation 实际流通actual cost 实际成本actual expenditure 实际开支；实际支出actual income 实际入息；实际收入；实际收益actual market 现货市场actual price 现货价；实际价格actual profit 实际利润actual quotation 实盘；实际价位；实际报价actual year basis 按实际年度计算actuals 实货actuarial investigation 精算调查actuarial principle 精算原则actuarial report 精算师报告Actuarial Society of Hong Kong 香港精算学会actuarial valuation 精算师估值actuary 精算师ad referendum agreement 暂定协议；有待复核的协定ad valorem duty 从价税；按值征税ad valorem duty system 从价税制ad valorem fee 从价费ad valorem tariff 从价关税additional allowance 额外免税额additional amount for unexpired risk 未过期风险的额外款额additional assessable profit 补加应评税利润additional assessment 补加评税additional commitment 额外承担additional commitment vote 额外承担拨款additional dependent grandparent allowance 供养祖父母或外祖父母额外免税额additional dependent parent allowance 供养父母额外免税额additional provision 额外拨款additional stamp duty 附加印花税additional tax 补加税罚款；补加税款Additional Tax Demand Note 缴纳补加税罚款通知书；缴纳补加税款通知书adjudged bankrupt 被裁定破产adjudicated bankrupt 裁定破产人adjudication fee 裁定费；评定印花税额手续费；评估契据费adjudication of bankruptcy 裁定破产；宣告破产adjudication of insolvency 裁定无力偿还债务adjusted actual 经调整的实数；调整后的实数adjusted current assets 经调整的流动资产；调整后的流动资产adjusted figure 经调整的数字；调整后的数额adjusted liabilities 经调整的负债；调整后的负债adjusted loss 经调整的亏损；调整后的亏损adjusted net admissible assets 经调整的可接纳资产净值；调整后的可接纳资产净值adjusted profit 经调整的利润；调整后的利润adjusted surplus 经调整的盈余额；调整后的盈余额adjusted value 经调整的价值；调整后的价值adjustment 调整；修订；理算〔保险〕adjustment centre 调剂中心adjustment lag 调整过程的时间差距；调整时差adjustment mechanism 调整机制adjustment of loss 亏损调整adjustment process 调整过程；调整程序adjustment range 调整幅度administered exchange rate 受管制汇率Administration Division 行政处〔香港金融管理局〕administration expenses 行政费用administration fee 手续费；行政费administration in bankruptcy 破产管理administration order 遗产管理令administrator 管理人；遗产管理人administrator of the estate 遗产管理人admission of debt 债项承认书admission of proof 接纳债权证明advance 放贷款项；垫付款项；预支款项；预付款项advance account 暂支帐目；预付款账户advance compensation 预付补偿金advance from shareholder 股东垫款advance pending reimbursement 预支以待日后付还advanced economy 先进经济体系advancement 预付；预付财产advances warrant 垫款令advancing 贷出adverse balance 逆差adverse exchange 逆汇advertisement addressed to shareholders 在报章刊登的致股东通告advice for collection 托收通知书advice of drawing 提款通知书；汇票通知书advice of payment 付款通知Advisory Committee 咨询委员会〔证券及期货事务监察委员会〕Advisory Committee on Diversification 经济多元化咨询委员会affidavit 誓章；遗产申报誓章affidavit of no receipt 述明无收款的誓章affiliate 联号；联营公司；附属公司affiliated company 附属公司；联号；联营公司affirmation 非宗教式宣誓〔遗产税〕affordability 负担能力African Development Bank 非洲开发银行after-acquired property 事后取得的财产after-hours dealing 市后交易after-tax profit 税后盈利；税后利润；税后溢利agency agreement 代理协议agency expenses 代理机构的开支agency fee 代理费Agency Law 《代理法》agent 代理人；承销人agent of company 公司代理人agent's fee 代理人费；经纪费aggregate 总计；总数；总体数字aggregate amount 总款额；总额aggregate assets and liabilities 总体资产与负债aggregate at constant price 按固定价格计算的总体数字aggregate demand 总需求aggregate gross position 总持仓量aggregate limit 总限额aggregate of salaries tax 合计薪俸税aggregate performance 总体表现；总体业绩aggregate supply 总体供应aggregate surplus 总盈余aggregate total 整体总额aggregate value 总值；合计价值aggregated basis 合计基准aggregated net chargeable income 合计应课税入息实额aggregation 合并计算；合计；总和aggregation of incomes of husband and wife 夫妇入息合并计算aggregation of property 财产的总和agio 差价；贴水Agreement between the Government of Hong Kong and the Government of Japan for the Promotion and Protection of Investment 《香港政府和日本政府关于相互促进和保护投资协议》Agreement between the Government of Hong Kong and the Government of the Republic ofAustria for the Promotion and Protection of Investment《香港政府和奥地利共和国政府关于相互促进和保护投资协议》Agreement between the Government of Hong Kong and the Government of the Republic of France for the Promotion and Protection of Investment《香港政府和法兰西共和国政府关于相互促进和保护投资协议》Agreement between the Government of Hong Kong and the Government of the Republic of Korea for the Promotion and Protection of Investment《香港政府和大韩民国政府关于相互促进和保护投资协议》agreement for a settlement 授产协议agreement for assignment 转让协议agreement for sale 售卖协议；买卖协议agreement for sale and purchase 买卖协议agreement for the payment of interest 支付利息协议agreement for the repayment of money 还款协议agreement of reinsurance 再保险协议Agricultural Bank of China 中国农业银行air passenger departure tax 飞机乘客离境税Air Services Negotiations Unit 民航运输谈判组〔经济局〕airport tax 机场税alcohol duty 酒精税alienation 让与；让渡；转让alimony 生活费；赡养费All Ordinaries Index 所有普通股指数all risks 全险；综合险All Sales Record for Stock Market 《股票市场成交报告》Allied Capital Resources Limited 新联财务有限公司all-items index 总指数〔消费物价指数〕allocation letter 拨款信件allocation of fund 分配款项；预留款项allocation of profit 利润分配；溢利分配allocation warrant 拨款令allotment 分配；配股allotment notice 股份配售通知；配股通知allotment of shares 股份分配allowable 可获宽免；免税的allowable business loss 可扣除的营业亏损allowable expenses 可扣税的支出allowance 免税额；津贴；备抵；准备金allowance for debts 债项的免税额allowance for depreciation by wear and tear 耗损折旧免税额allowance for funeral expenses 殡殓费的免税额allowance for inflation 为通货膨胀而预留的款项；通胀准备金allowance for repairs and outgoings 修葺及支出方面的免税额allowance to debtor 给债务人的津贴alteration of capital 资本更改alternate trustee 候补受托人amalgamation 合并ambit 涵盖范围〔开支总目或分目〕ambit of charges 征税范围；收费范围amended valuation 经修订的估值American Commodities Exchange 美国商品交易所American Express Bank Limited 美国运通银行American Stock Exchange 美国证券交易所amortization 摊销amount due from banks 存放银行同业的款项amount due from banks abroad 存放海外银行同业的款项amount due from holding companies 控股公司欠款amount due from local banks 存放本港银行同业的款项amount due to banks 银行同业的存款amount due to banks abroad 海外银行同业的存款amount due to holding companies 控股公司存款amount due to local banks 本港银行同业的存款amount due to outport banks 外埠银行同业的存款amount for note issue 发行纸币的款额amount of bond 担保契据的款额amount of consideration 代价款额amount of contribution 供款数额amount of indebtedness 负债款额amount of principal of the loan 贷款本金额amount of rates chargeable 应征差饷数额amount of share capital 股本额amount of sums assured 承保款额amount of variation 变动幅度amount of vote 拨款数额amount payable 应付款额amount receivable 应收款额Amsterdam Stock Exchange 阿姆斯特丹证券交易所analysis 分析ancillary risk 附属风险annual account 周年帐目；周年帐目报表；年度决算；年结annual accounting date 年结日期annual allowance 每年免税额；年积金；年度津贴；年津annual balance 年度余额annual disposable income 每年可动用收入annual estimates 周年预算annual fee 年费annual general meeting 周年大会annual growth rate 年增率；每年增长率annual long-term supplement 长期个案每年补助金annual pensionable emolument 可供计算退休金的年薪annual report 年报Annual Report on the Consumer Price Index 《消费物价指数年报》annual return 周年报表；周年申报表；每年报税表格Annual Return Rules 《周年报表规则》annual review of consumer prices 每年消费物价回顾annual roll-forward basis 逐年延展方式annual salary 年薪annual statement 年度报表；年度决算表Annual Survey of Banks, Deposit-taking Companies and Representative Offices of Foreign Banks 银行、接受存款公司及外地银行驻港代表办事处按年统计调查annuitant 年金受益人annuity 年金annuity contract 年金合约annuity on human life 人寿年金antecedent debt 先前的债项ante-dated cheque 倒填日期支票anticipated expenditure 预期开支anticipated net profit 预期纯利anticipated revenue 预期收入anti-inflation measure 反通货膨胀措施anti-inflationary stance 反通货膨胀立场apparent deficit 表面赤字apparent financial solvency 表面偿债能力apparent partner 表面合伙人application for personal assessment 个人入息课税申请书application of fund 资金应用application to release as liquidator and to destruct the books of accounts and document．申请免除清盘人职务及毁灭帐簿与文件appointed actuary 委任精算师appointed auditor 委任核数师；委任审计师appointed trustee 委任的受托人appointer 委任人apportioned pro rata 按比例分摊apportionment 分配；分摊Apportionment Act 《分摊法令》〔英国〕apportionment formula 分摊方程式apportionment of estate duty 遗产税的分摊appraisal 估价；评估appreciable growth 可观增长appreciable impact 显著影响appreciable increase 可观增长appreciation 增值；升值appreciation against other currencies 相对其他货币升值appreciation of the exchange value of Hong Kong dollar 港元汇值上升appreciation tax 增值税appropriation 拨款；拨用；拨付appropriation account 拨款帐目Appropriation Bill 拨款法案appropriation-in-aid system 补助拨款办法approved assets 核准资产approved basket stock 认可一篮子证券approved budget 核准预算approved charitable donation 认可慈善捐款approved charitable institution 认可慈善机构approved currency 核准货币；认可货币approved estimates 核准预算approved estimates of expenditure 核准开支预算approved overseas insurer 核准海外保险人approved overseas trust company 核准海外信托公司approved pooled investment fund 核准汇集投资基金approved provident fund scheme 认可公积金计划approved provision 核准拨款approved redeemable share 核准可赎回股份approved regional stock 认可地区性证券approved retirement scheme 认可退休金计划approved subordinated loan 核准附属贷款arbitrage 套戥；套汇；套利arbitrageur 套戥者；套汇者arbitrary amount 临时款项arrangement 措施；安排；协定arrears 欠款arrears of pay 欠付薪酬arrears of revenue 逾期未收税款；逾期未收的帐项articles of association 组织章程；组织细则；组织章程细则Asahi Finance (Hong Kong) Limited 旭日财务（香港）有限公司ascertainment of profit 确定利润"Asia Clear" “亚洲结算系统”Asia Commercial Bank Ltd. 亚洲商业银行有限公司Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行〔亚银〕Asian Development Fund 亚洲发展基金Asian dollar bond 亚洲美元债券Asian dollar market 亚洲美元市场Asian dollar rate 亚洲美元利率Asian Securities Analysts Council 亚洲证券分析员公会Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation 亚太区经济合作组织〔亚太经合组织〕asked price 沽盘；喊价；索价；卖方报价assessable income 应评税入息assessable loss 应评税亏损assessable profit 应评税利润assessable value 应评税值assessed profit 估定利润assessed value 经评估价值assessment 评税；评定；估价；评税单assessment number 评税编号；估价编号assessment of additional tax 补加税评税assessment of performance 业绩评估；实绩评价Assessor 评税主任asset price bubbles 资产价格泡沫asset-backed securities 具资产保证的证券assets accretion 资产增值assets and liabilities 资产与负债assets betterment statement 资产递增表；资产改进表assets lending 实物放款；有抵押贷款assets of the company passing on the death 死者去世时转移的公司资产assets pledged as security for liabilities 用作负债抵押的资产assets portfolio 资产投资组合assets price 资产价格assets quality 资产质素assets realization 资产变现assets refinancing arrangement 资产再集资安排assets securitization 资产证券化assets situated outside Hong Kong 在香港以外地方的资产assets stripping 削减资产；拆卖资产assets value 资产值assignee 承让人assignment 转让；转让书；转让契assignment of interest 权益转让assignment of letters patent and trade mark 专利证书及商标转让assignment of property 物业转让；物业转让书assignment right 转让权assignor 转让人associate 有联系的人；有关连人士；相联者；合伙人；联系人Associate Clearing Housing Amsterdam B.V. 阿姆斯特丹联合结算所有限公司associate member 附属会员associated body corporate 相联法人团体associated company 相联公司；联属公司associated corporation 相联法团Association of Chartered Certified Accountants 公认会计师公会〔英国〕Association of Futures Exchange Brokers 香港期货经纪协会Association of South-East Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟〔东盟〕association of underwriters 承保人组织assumption of control 接管assurance 担保；保险；转易；转易书assurance of interest 权益的转易at 19XX price 按一九xx年价格计算at a discount 按赔价计算；按贴水价格计算；打折扣at a premium 按溢价计算；按升水价格计算at call 通知付款；按通知at constant market price 按固定市价计算at constant price 按固定价格计算at cost 按成本计算at current market price 按当时市价计算；按现时市价计算at current price 按当时价格计算；按现时价格计算at factor cost 按要素成本计算；按生产要素成本计算at money-of-the-day price 按付款当日价格计算at or better 按指定或较佳价位〔买卖指令〕at par 按面值计算；平价at sight 见票即付at the close 按收市盘at the opening 按开市盘attestation 见证；见证条款at-the-money option 平价期权attorney 受权人；受托代表人attornment 新拥有人承认书attributable profit 可归属利润attributable share value 可归属股份价值Auckland Stock Exchange 奥克兰证券交易所auction 拍卖auctioneer 拍卖商audit 审计；核数Audit Commission 审计署Audit Committee 稽核委员会〔香港联合交易所有限公司〕；核数委员会〔证券及期货事务监察委员会〕audit review 帐目审查Audit Sub-committee 审核小组〔外汇基金咨询委员会〕audited account 审计帐目；经审计的帐目audited annual account 经审计的周年帐目audited balance sheet 经审计的资产负债表auditor 核数师；核数主任；审计师auditor's certificate 核数师证明书；审计师证明书auditor's report 核数师报告；审计师报告Aussie bond 澳元债券austerity budget 紧缩预算Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Limited 澳洲纽西兰银行集团有限公司Australia All Ordinaries Index 澳洲所有普通股票指数Australian Dollar 澳元Australian Options Market 澳大利亚期权市场Australian Securities Commission 澳洲证券事务监察委员会Australian Society of Certified Practising Accountants 澳洲执业会计师公会Australian Stock Exchange 澳大利亚证券交易所Austrian Schilling 奥地利先令authentication 认证；鉴证authority to purchase 委托购买证；委购书authorization 认可；核准；授权；授权书authorization by direction 指示授权authorization by instruction 指令授权authorization by warrant 令状授权authorization of unit trust 单位信托的认可authorized agent 指定代理人authorized capital 法定资本authorized clerk 出市员authorized dealer 认可交易商authorized financial institution 认可财务机构authorized fund 认可基金authorized fund house 获授权的基金公司；认可基金公司authorized institution 认可机构authorized institution incorporated in Hong Kong 在香港成立为法团的认可机构authorized institution incorporated outside Hong Kong 在香港以外成立为法团的认可机构authorized insurer 获授权保险人；获认可承保人authorized investment 特准投资项目authorized person 获授权人authorized representative 获授权代表authorized share capital 法定股本automated quotation system 自动报价系统Automated Trading System 自动交易系统〔香港期货交易所有限公司〕automatic adjustment mechanism 自动调整机制automatic adjustment system 自动调整系统Automatic Clearing House 自动票据交换所automatic exchange rates accumulation system 自动化汇率累集系统Automatic Order Matching and Execution System 自动对盘及成交系统〔自动对盘系统〕automatic teller machine 自动柜员机autopay 自动转帐available assets 可用资产available fiscal reserve 现存财政储备available profit 可用利润Avco Financial Services (Asia) Limited 富高财务（亚洲）有限公司average 平均；平均数；海损average basic salary 平均基本薪金average consumer expenditure 平均消费开支；一般消费开支average cost 平均成本average cost of land production 增辟土地平均成本average daily turnover 平均每日成交额average daily wage rate 平均每日工资率average expenditure pattern 平均开支模式average growth rate 平均增长率average net fixed assets 固定资产平均净值average of relatives 相对价格平均数average price 平均价格average propensity to consume 平均消费倾向；一般消费倾向average propensity to save 平均储蓄倾向；一般储蓄倾向average rate 平均率average revenue 平均收入；平均收益average stock 平均库存；平均存货average yearly rent 平均年租avoidance of double taxation 避免双重课税avoidance of tax 避税B share B股；乙类股份BA Asia Limited 美银亚洲有限公司BA Finance (Hong Kong) Limited 美银财务（香港）有限公司back duty 补缴税款back tax 补缴税款backdoor listing “借壳”上市；“买壳”上市back-to-back credit 对开信贷back-to-back loan 对销贷款backwardation 交割延期费〔证券〕；倒价〔期货〕；现货溢价bad debt 坏帐bad debt provision 坏帐准备bad year 歉年bailee 受寄人Bailiff 执达主任Bailiff Office 执达主任办事处bailment 委托保管balance 差额；余额；结余balance brought down 余额承上balance brought forward 〔上年度〕结转；余额承前balance carried down 余额转下balance carried forward 〔本年度〕结转；余额移后balance of international indebtedness 国际借贷差额；国际借贷平衡表balance of international payments 国际收支差额；国际收支平衡表balance of payments 国际收支差额；国际收支平衡表Balance of Payments Manual 《国际收支手册》〔国际货币基金组织〕balance of proceeds 收入余数balance of trade 贸易差额balance sheet 资产负债表balance sheet date 结算日balance with other banks 存放银行同业的结余balanced budget 平衡预算balancing allowance 结余免税额balancing charge 结余课税Bali International Finance Limited 百达利财务有限公司Banca Commerciale Italiana S.p.A. 意大利商业银行Banca Nazionale del Lavoro S.p.A. 意大利国家劳工银行S.p.A. Banco di Napoli S.p.A. 意大利拿玻里银行S.p.A.Bangkok Bank Public Company Limited 盘谷银行bank acceptance 银行承兑汇票bank account 银行账户bank account holder 银行账户持有人bank balance 银行结余bank book 银行存折bank cashier order 银行本票bank code 银行暗码bank draft 银行汇票Bank Examiner 银行审查主任Bank for International Settlements 国际结算银行bank guarantee 银行担保bank lending 银行贷款bank liquidity 银行流动资金bank loan 银行贷款Bank Melli Iran 伊朗国家银行bank note 银行纸币；钞票bank note handling fee 处理纸币的手续费bank note lawfully issued 合法发行的银行纸币bank note payable to bearer on demand 凭票要求付款予持票人的纸币bank note transaction 货币交易bank notes rate 现钞汇率Bank of America (Asia) Limited 美国（亚洲）银行有限公司Bank of America NT & SA 美国银行Bank of Ayudhya Public Company Limited 大城银行Bank of China 中国银行Bank of China Group 中银集团Bank of Communications 交通银行Bank of East Asia, Limited 东亚银行有限公司Bank of England 英伦银行Bank of Fukuoka Ltd.calendar year figure 历年数字call 催缴通知；认购期权call deposit 通知存款；活期存款call loan 短期同业拆借；通知贷款call margin 补仓；追加保证金call market 短期同业拆放市场call money 短期同业拆借；活期贷款call option 认购期权；看涨期权call price 赎回价格；提前赎回价call warrant 认购认股权证；回购认股权证callable share 可收回股份；可兑付股份called up share capital 已催缴股本Canadian Dollar [CAD] 加拿大元Canadian Eastern Finance Limited 加拿大怡东财务有限公司Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce 加拿大帝国商业银行cancellation price 取消费cap 上限capital 资本；资金Capital Accord 《资本协定》capital account 资本帐；非经常帐capital account commitment balance 资本帐承担额结余Capital Adequacy Directive [CAD] 《资本充足指引》capital adequacy ratio [CAR] 资本充足比率capital allowance 资本免税额capital alteration 资本变更capital and liabilities ratio 资本负债比率capital and liquidity requirement 资本与流动资金的规定capital appreciation 资本增值Capital, Asset Quality, Management, Earnings and Liquidity Rating System [CAMEL Rating System] 资本、资产质素、管理、盈利及流动资金评级制度〔CAMEL评级制度〕capital assets 资本资产capital at risk 风险资本capital base 资本基础；资金基础capital charges 资本支出；资本费用capital commitment 资本承担capital contribution certificate 出资证明书capital convergence 划一资本充足比率capital cost 资本成本；建设成本；建设费用capital cover 资本保证capital deficit 资本亏绌；资本赤字capital divided into shares 资本分成股份capital element 资本因素；资本部分capital equipment 资本设备capital expenditure 资本开支；非经常开支capital expenses 资本费用capital financing 筹集资本；以非经常收入支付非经常开支的结算capital flow 资金流量capital formation 资本形成；集资capital formation figure 资本组合数字capital fund 资本基金capital gain 资本增益；资本增值capital gains tax 资本增值税capital goods 资本财货；资本货物capital grant 非经常补助金；非经常拨款；建设补助金capital grant cycle 建设补助金周期capital injection 注入资本；注资capital input 投入资本capital intensity 资本密集度capital intensive 资本密集capital investment 资本投资Capital Investment Fund 资本投资基金capital loss 资本损失capital maintenance 资本保值；资本保留capital market 资本市场；资金市场capital market instrument 资本市场票据capital money 资本款项capital money subject to a trust 信托财产资本capital movement 资本流动capital nature 资本性质capital outlay 资本支出capital portion 资本部分capital profit 资本利润capital project 基本工程项目；非经常开支项目capital receipt 资本收入capital redemption 资本赎回capital redemption business 资本赎回业务capital redemption contract 资本赎回合约capital redemption reserve 资本赎回储备capital reduction 资本减缩；减资Capital Reduction Scheme [Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited] 股本削减计划〔香港联合交易所有限公司〕capital repayment 偿还资本capital reserve 资本储备；后备资本capital revenue 资本收益；非经常收入capital spending 资本开支；资本支出；非经常开支capital stock 股本capital stock subscription 认缴股本；认购股本capital subsidy 建设津贴；基本建设津贴capital subvention 非经常资助金capital sum 资本额capital tax 资本税capital transfer tax 资本转移税capital turnover 资本周转率capital value 资本价值capital works project 基本工程项目Capital Works Reserve Fund 基本工程储备基金Capital Works Resource Allocation Exercise 基本工程计划资源分配工作capitalization 资本化；资本总额capitalization of interest 利息化作本金capitalized interest 化作本金的利息capitalized loan 转作资本的贷款capitalized value 资本还原值；资本化价值capitation grant 按人计算的补助金captive insurance business 专属自保保险业务car insurance 汽车保险Caribbean Development Bank 加勒比开发银行CARIPLO-Cassa di Risparmio delle Provincie Lombarde S.p.A. [trading as Cariplo S.p.A.] 意大利嘉利堡银行cartel 同业联盟；卡特尔cartelized rates system 联营式利率制度cash 现金；现款cash accounting system 现金会计制度cash acquisition 以现金投资所得的资产cash allowance 现金津贴cash assets 现金资产cash at bank 银行现金；银行存款cash balance 现金结余cash basis 现金收付制；收付实现制cash basis accounting 现金收付制会计；收付实现制会计cash bonus 现金红利cash book 现金出纳帐；现金簿cash client 现金客户cash commission rebate 现金回佣cash compensation 现金补偿cash contribution 现金承担额；现金分担额cash cost 直接费用；现金成本cash coupon 现金礼券cash credit 现金信贷cash deficit 现金赤字cash deposit and withdrawal 现金收支cash disbursement journal 现金支出日记簿cash disbursement slip 现金支出传票；现金支出单cash flow 现金流量；银根cash flow lending 流动现金放款；无抵押融资cash flow statement 现金流量表；现金流动表cash flow surplus 现金流量盈余cash in hand 库存现金；手头现金cash in till 备用现金cash in transit 运送中现金；在运现金cash input 投入现金cash input figure 现金投入数字cash limit 现金支出限额；现金限额cash margin 现金保证金cash market 现货市场；现金交易市场cash offer 现金要约；现金补偿额cash payment 现金付款；现金支付cash position 现金头寸cash price 现金价格cash receipts journal 现金收入日记簿cash receiving slip 现金收入传票；现金收入单cash settlement 现金结算cash surplus 现金盈余cash with order 订货付现；凭票即付cashier's order 银行本票cashier's order outstanding 未承兑的银行本票cash-limited subhead 有现金支出限额的分目cash-sweep 现金彩票活动casual client “散客”；“散户”CCASS Depository 中央结算系统证券存管处CCIC Finance Limited 中芝兴业财务有限公司cedant 分出者ceding company 分出公司ceding insurer 分出保险人ceiling 上限ceiling price 最高限价central bank 中央银行Central Bank Bilateral Repurchase Agreement 《中央银行双边回购协议》central banking 中央银行业务central banking function 中央银行职能Central Clearing and Custodian System 中央结算及托管系统Central Clearing and Depository System 中央结算及存管系统Central Clearing and Settlement System [CCASS] 中央结算及交收系统〔中央结算系统〕central clearing house 中央结算所central clearing system 中央结算制度；集体交收系统central custody system 中央托管系统central depository 中央存管处central depository system 中央证券存管制度Central Moneymarkets Unit [CMU] 债务工具中央结算系统central rate 中央汇率；中心汇率Central Registration Hong Kong Limited 香港中央证券登记有限公司Central Tender Board 中央投标委员会Centrale de Livraison de Valeurs Mobilieres [CEDEL] 中央证券交收系统；世达结算系统centralized budgetary and payments system 集中预算及支付制度centred 12-month moving average 十二个月定位移动平均数certificate of approval 批准证明书certificate of beneficial entitlement to property 资产权益证书certificate of compliance 合格证明书；合约完成证明书certificate of deposit [CD] 存款证certificate of exemption from estate duty 豁免遗产税证明书certificate of incorporation 公司注册证书；法团注册证书certificate of incorporation of registered trustees 注册受托人法团证书certificate of indebtedness [CI] 负债证明书certificate of insurance 保险证书certificate of interest 权益证明书；息票certificate of means 资产证明书certificate of participation 参与证明书certificate of payment of profits tax 缴付利得税证明书certificate of preference 特惠税证certificate of rateable value 应课差饷租值证明书certificate of registration 登记证书；注册证明书certificate of satisfaction 清偿证明书certificate of transfer 转让证明书certificate to bearer 不记名证明书certification 核证certification fee 核证费certified cheque 经银行证明可兑现的支票certified public accountant [CPA] 执业会计师certified statement 经证明的报表cessation of business 停业。
absolute形容词
absolute形容词
1. Absolute: 完全的，绝对的，无条件的
2. Absolute zero: 绝对零度，温度为-27
3.15℃，物质的分子运动停止
3. Absolute power: 绝对权力，没有任何限制或约束的权力
4. Absolute monarchy: 绝对君主制，国王或女王拥有所有政治权力
5. Absolute truth: 绝对真理，不受任何人观点或意见影响的真实事实
6. Absolute silence: 绝对寂静，没有任何声音或噪音
7. Absolute darkness: 绝对黑暗，没有任何光线或亮度
8. Absolute value: 绝对值，在数学中指一个数与0之间的距离（即使该数为负数）
9. Absolute morality: 绝对道德标准，一种认为某些道德原则是普遍适用且不可违反的理论
10. Absolute music: 纯音乐，没有具体主题或情感表达的音乐作品。
经济学简明辞典
经济学简明辞典绝对优势（Absolute advantage）如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。
逆向选择（Adverse choice）在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。
选择成本（Alternative cost）如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。
需求的弧弹性（ Arc elasticity of demand）如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2 和Q2 为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于-（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2）非对称的信息（Asymmetric information）在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。
例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。
平均成本（Average cost）平均成本是总成本除以产量。
也称为平均总成本。
平均固定成本( Average fixed cost）平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。
平均产品（Average product）平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。
平均可变成本（Average variable cost）平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。
投资的β(Beta）β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。
对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。
债券收益(Bond yield）债券收益是债券所获得的利率。
收支平衡图（Break－even chart）收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。
收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。
预算线(Budget line）预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。
它的斜率等于商品X的价格除以商品Y 的价格再乘以一1。
经济学词汇
Aaccounting:会计accounting cost :会计成本accounting profit :会计利润adverse selection :逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources :资源配置allocative efficiency :配置效率antitrust legislation :反托拉斯法arc elasticity :弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem :阿罗不可能定理Assumption :假设asymetric information :非对称性信息average :平均average cost :平均成本average cost pricing :平均成本定价法average fixed cost :平均固定成本average product of capital :资本平均产量average product of labour :劳动平均产量average revenue :平均收益average total cost :平均总成本average variable cost :平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry :进入壁垒base year :基年bilateral monopoly :双边垄断benefit :收益black market :黑市bliss point :极乐点boundary point :边界点break even point :收支相抵点budget :预算budget constraint :预算约束budget line :预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital :资本capital stock :资本存量capital output ratio :资本产出比率capitalism :资本主义cardinal utility theory :基数效用论cartel :卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption :“其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve :其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model :张伯伦模型change in demand :需求变化change in quantity demanded :需求量变化change in quantity supplied :供给量变化change in supply :供给变化choice :选择closed set :闭集Coase theorem :科斯定理Cobb—Douglas production function :柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model :蛛网模型collective bargaining :集体协议工资collusion :合谋command economy :指令经济commodity :商品commodity combination :商品组合commodity market :商品市场commodity space :商品空间common property :公用财产comparative static analysis :比较静态分析compensated budget line :补偿预算线compensated demand function :补偿需求函数compensation principles :补偿原则compensating variation in income :收入补偿变量competition :竞争competitive market :竞争性市场complement goods :互补品complete information :完全信息completeness :完备性condition for efficiency in exchange :交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production :生产的最优条件concave :凹concave function :凹函数concave preference :凹偏好consistence :一致性constant cost industry :成本不变产业constant returns to scale :规模报酬不变constraints :约束consumer :消费者consumer behavior :消费者行为consumer choice :消费者选择consumer equilibrium :消费者均衡consumer optimization :消费者优化consumer preference :消费者偏好consumer surplus :消费者剩余consumer theory :消费者理论consumption :消费consumption bundle :消费束consumption combination :消费组合consumption possibility curve :消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier :消费可能性前沿consumption set :消费集consumption space :消费空间continuity :连续性continuous function :连续函数contract curve :契约曲线convex :凸convex function :凸函数convex preference :凸偏好convex set :凸集corporatlon :公司cost :成本cost benefit analysis :成本收益分cost function :成本函数cost minimization :成本极小化Cournot equilihrium :古诺均衡Cournot model :古诺模型Cross—price elasticity :交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss :重负损失decreasing cost industry :成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale :规模报酬递减deduction :演绎法demand :需求demand curve :需求曲线demand elasticity :需求弹性demand function :需求函数demand price :需求价格demand schedule :需求表depreciation :折旧derivative :导数derive demand :派生需求difference equation :差分方程differential equation :微分方程differentiated good :差异商品differentiated oligoply :差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution :边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return :收益递减diminishing marginal utility :边际效用递减direct approach :直接法direct taxes :直接税discounting :贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale :规模不经济disequilibrium :非均衡distribution :分配division of labour :劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity :边际生产率分配论duoupoly :双头垄断、双寡duality :对偶durable goods :耐用品dynamic analysis :动态分析dynamic models :动态模型EEconomic agents :经济行为者economic cost :经济成本economic efficiency :经济效率economic goods :经济物品economic man :经济人economic mode :经济模型economic profit :经济利润economic region of production :生产的经济区域economic regulation :经济调节economic rent :经济租金exchange :交换economics :经济学exchange efficiency :交换效率economy :经济exchange contract curve :交换契约曲线economy of scale :规模经济Edgeworth box diagram :埃奇沃思图exclusion :排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve :埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model :埃奇沃思模型efficiency :效率，效益efficiency parameter :效率参数elasticity :弹性elasticity of substitution :替代弹性endogenous variable :内生变量endowment :禀赋endowment of resources :资源禀赋Engel curve :恩格尔曲线entrepreneur :企业家entrepreneurship :企业家才能entry barriers :进入壁垒entry/exit decision :进出决策envolope curve :包络线equilibrium :均衡equilibrium condition :均衡条件equilibrium price :均衡价格equilibrium quantity :均衡产量eqity :公平equivalent variation in income :收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem :过度生产能力定理excess supply :过度供给exchange :交换exchange contract curve :交换契约曲线exclusion :排斥性、排他性exclusion principle :排他性原则existence :存在性existence of general equilibrium :总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables :外生变量expansion paths :扩展径expectation :期望expected utility :期望效用expected value :期望值expenditure :支出explicit cost :显性成本external benefit :外部收益external cost :外部成本external economy :外部经济external diseconomy :外部不经济externalities :外部性FFactor :要素factor demand :要素需求factor market :要素市场factors of production :生产要素factor substitution :要素替代factor supply :要素供给fallacy of composition :合成谬误final goods :最终产品firm :企业firms’demand curve for labor :企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve :企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination :第一级价格歧视first—order condition :一阶条件fixed costs :固定成本fixed input :固定投入fixed proportions production function :固定比例的生产函数flow :流量fluctuation :波动for whom to produce :为谁生产free entry :自由进入free goods :自由品，免费品free mobility of resources :资源自由流动free rider :搭便车，免费搭车function :函数future value :未来值Ggame theory :对策论、博弈论general equilibrium :总体均衡general goods :一般商品Giffen goods :吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox :吉芬之谜Gini coefficient :吉尼系数goldenrule :黄金规则goods :货物government failure :政府失败government regulation :政府调控grand utility possibility curve :总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier :总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product :异质产品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion :希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity :齐次性homogeneous demand function :齐次需求函数homogeneous product :同质产品homogeneous production function :齐次生产函数horizontal summation :水平和household :家庭how to produce :如何生产human capital :人力资本hypothesis :假说Iidentity :恒等式imperfect competion :不完全竞争implicitcost :隐性成本income :收入income compensated demand curve :收入补偿需求曲线income constraint :收入约束income consumption curve :收入消费曲线income distribution :收入分配income effect :收入效应income elasticity of demand :需求收入弹性increasing cost industry :成本递增产业increasing returns to scale :规模报酬递增inefficiency :缺乏效率index number :指数indifference :无差异indifference curve :无差异曲线indifference map :无差异族indifference relation :无差异关系indifference set :无差异集indirect approach :间接法individual analysis :个量分析individual demand curve :个人需求曲线individual demand function :个人需求函数induced variable :引致变量induction :归纳法industry :产业industry equilibrium :产业均衡industry supply curve :产业供给曲线inelastic :缺乏弹性的inferior goods :劣品inflection point :拐点information :信息information cost :信息成本initial condition :初始条件initial endowment :初始禀赋innovation :创新input :投入input—output :投入—产出institution :制度institutional economics :制度经济学insurance :保险intercept :截距interest :利息interest rate :利息率intermediate goods :中间产品internatization of externalities :外部性内部化invention :发明inverse demand function :逆需求函数investment :投资invisible hand :看不见的手isocost line :等成本线，isoprofit curve :等利润曲线isoquant curve :等产量曲线isoquant map :等产量族Kkinded—demand curve :弯折的需求曲线Llabour :劳动labour demand :劳动需求labour supply :劳动供给labour theory of value :劳动价值论labour unions :工会laissez faire :自由放任Lagrangian function :拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier :拉格朗乘数，land :土地law :法则law of demand and supply :供需法law of diminishing marginal utility :边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution :边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution :边际技术替代率law of increasing cost :成本递增法则law of one price :单一价格法则leader—follower model :领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs :最低成本的投入组合leisure :闲暇Leontief production function :列昂节夫生产函数licenses :许可证linear demand function :线性需求函数linear homogeneity :线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function :线性齐次生产函数long run :长期long run average cost :长期平均成本long run equilibrium :长期均衡long run industry supply curve :长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost :长期边际成本long run total cost :长期总成本Lorenz curve :洛伦兹曲线loss minimization :损失极小化1ump sum tax :一次性征税luxury :奢侈品Mmacroeconomics :宏观经济学marginal :边际的marginal benefit :边际收益marginal cost :边际成本marginal cost pricing :边际成本定价marginal cost of factor :边际要素成本marginal physical productivity :实际实物生产率marginal product :边际产量marginal product of capital :资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour :劳动的边际产量marginal productivity :边际生产率marginal rate of substitution :边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns :边际回报marginal revenue :边际收益marginal revenue product :边际收益产品marginal revolution :边际革命marginal social benefit :社会边际收益marginal social cost :社会边际成本marginal utility :边际效用marginal value products :边际价值产品market :市场market clearance :市场结清，市场洗清market demand :市场需求market economy :市场经济market equilibrium :市场均衡market failure :市场失败market mechanism :市场机制market structure :市场结构market separation :市场分割market regulation :市场调节market share :市场份额markup pricing :加减定价法Marshallian demand function :马歇尔需求函数maximization :极大化microeconomics :微观经济学minimum wage :最低工资misallocation of resources :资源误置mixed economy :混合经济model :模型money :货币monopolistic competition :垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation :垄断剥削monopoly :垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium :垄断均衡monopoly pricing :垄断定价monopoly regulation :垄断调控monopoly rents :垄断租金monopsony :买方垄断NNash equilibrium :纳什均衡Natural monopoly :自然垄断Natural resources :自然资源Necessary condition :必要条件necessities :必需品net demand :净需求nonconvex preference :非凸性偏好nonconvexity :非凸性nonexclusion :非排斥性nonlinear pricing :非线性定价nonrivalry :非对抗性nonprice competition :非价格竞争nonsatiation :非饱和性non--zero—sum game :非零和对策normal goods :正常品normal profit :正常利润normative economics :规范经济学Oobjective function :目标函数oligopoly :寡头垄断oligopoly market :寡头市场oligopoly model :寡头模型opportunity cost :机会成本optimal choice :最佳选择optimal consumption bundle :消费束perfect elasticity :完全有弹性optimal resource allocation :最佳资源配置optimal scale :最佳规模optimal solution :最优解optimization :优化ordering of optimization(social) preference :(社会)偏好排序ordinal utility :序数效用ordinary goods :一般品output :产量、产出output elasticity :产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter :参数Pareto criterion :帕累托标准Pareto efficiency :帕累托效率Pareto improvement :帕累托改进Pareto optimality :帕累托优化Pareto set :帕累托集partial derivative :偏导数partial equilibrium :局部均衡patent :专利pay off matrix :收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve :感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition :完全竞争perfect complement :完全互补品perfect monopoly :完全垄断perfect price discrimination :完全价格歧视perfect substitution :完全替代品perfect inelasticity :完全无弹性perfectly elastic :完全有弹性perfectly inelastic :完全无弹性plant size :工厂规模point elasticity :点弹性post Hoc Fallacy :后此谬误prediction :预测preference :偏好preference relation :偏好关present value :现值price :价格price adjustment model :价格调整模型price ceiling :最高限价price consumption curve :价格费曲线price control :价格管制price difference :价格差别price discrimination :价格歧视price elasticity of demand :需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply :供给价格弹性price floor :最低限价price maker :价格制定者price rigidity :价格刚性price seeker :价格搜求者price taker :价格接受者price tax :从价税private benefit :私人收益principal—agent issues :委托--代理问题private cost :私人成本private goods :私人用品private property :私人财产producer equilibrium :生产者均衡producer theory :生产者理论product :产品product transformation curve :产品转换曲线product differentiation :产品差异product group :产品集团production :生产production contract curve :生产契约曲线production efficiency :生产效率production function :生产函数production possibility curve :生产可能性曲线productivity :生产率productivity of capital :资本生产率productivity of labor :劳动生产率profit :利润profit function :利润函数profit maximization :利润极大化property rights :产权property rights economics :产权经济学proposition :定理proportional demand curve :成比例的需求曲线public benefits :公共收益public choice :公共选择public goods :公共商品pure competition :纯粹竞争rivalry :对抗性、竞争pure exchange :纯交换pure monopoly :纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model :数量调整模型quantity tax :从量税quasi—rent :准租金Rrate of product transformation :产品转换率rationality :理性reaction function :反应函数regulation :调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent :租金rent control :规模报酬rent seeking :寻租rent seeking economics :寻租经济学resource :资源resource allocation :资源配置returns :报酬、回报returns to scale :规模报酬revealed preference :显示性偏好revenue :收益revenue curve :收益曲线revenue function :收益函数revenue maximization :收益极大化ridge line :脊线risk :风险Ssatiation :饱和，满足saving :储蓄scarcity :稀缺性law of scarcity :稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination :二级价格歧视second derivative :--阶导数second—order condition :二阶条件service :劳务set :集shadow prices :影子价格short—run :短期short—run cost curve :短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium :短期均衡short—run supply curve :短期供给曲线shut down decision :关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point :关闭点single price monopoly :单一定价垄断slope :斜率social benefit :社会收益social cost :社会成本social indifference curve :社会无差异曲线social preference :社会偏好social security :社会保障social welfare function :社会福利函数socialism :社会主义solution :解space :空间stability :稳定性stable equilibrium :稳定的均衡Stackelberg model :斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis :静态分析stock :存量stock market :股票市场strategy :策略subsidy :津贴substitutes :替代品substitution effect :替代效应substitution parameter :替代参数sufficient condition :充分条件supply :供给supply curve :供给曲线supply function :供给函数supply schedule :供给表Sweezy model :斯威齐模型symmetry :对称性symmetry of information :信息对称Ttangency :相切taste :兴致technical efficiency :技术效率technological constraints ；技术约束technological progress :技术进步technology :技术third—degree price discrimination :第三级价格歧视total cost :总成本total effect :总效应total expenditure :总支出total fixed cost :总固定成本total product :总产量total revenue :总收益total utility :总效用total variable cost :总可变成本traditional economy :传统经济transitivity :传递性transaction cost :交易费用Uuncertainty :不确定性uniqueness :唯一unit elasticity :单位弹性unstable equilibrium :不稳定均衡utility :效用utility function :效用函数utility index :效用指数utility maximization :效用极大化utility possibility curve :效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier :效用可能性前沿Vvalue :价值value judge :价值判断value of marginal product :边际产量价值variable cost :可变成本variable input :可变投入variables :变量vector :向量visible hand :看得见的手vulgur economics :庸俗经济学Wwage :工资wage rate :工资率Walras general equilibrium :瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras's law :瓦尔拉斯法则Wants :需要Welfare criterion :福利标准Welfare economics :福利经学Welfare loss triangle :福利损失三角welfare maximization :福利极大化Zzero cost :零成本zero elasticity :零弹性zero homogeneity :零阶齐次性zero economic profit :零利润。
高鸿业版《西方经济学》名词中英对照
Absolute advantage 绝对优势Absolute income hypothesis of consumption 绝对收入消费理论Acceleration principle 加速原理Action lag 政策时滞Active deposit 活期存款Adaptive expectation 适应性预期Adverse selection 逆向选择Aggregate analysis 总量分析Aggregate demand 总需求Aggregate demand curve 总需求曲线Aggregate supply 总供给Aggregate supply curve 总供给曲线Allocation of resources 资源配置Antitrust law 反托拉斯法Arc elasticity 弧弹性Asset 资产Asymmetric information 信息不对称性Auctioneer 拍卖人Automatic stabilizer 自动稳定器Autonomous planned investment 自主投资Average cost 平均成本Average fixed cost 平均固定成本Average product 平均产量Average propensity to consume 平均消费倾向Average propensity to saving 平均储蓄倾向Average revenue 平均收益Average total cost 平均总成本Average variable cost 平均可变成本Balance of international payment 国际收支平衡Balanced of budget 平衡预算Balanced budget multiplier 平衡预算乘数Balanced-output 均衡产出Bank reserves 银行准备金Barter 物物交换Base year 基年Black market 黑市Bonds 债券Breakeven point 收支相抵点Budget deficit 预算赤字Budget surplus 预算盈余Budget line 预算线Built-in stabilizers 内在稳定器Business cycle 经济周期Business fluctuation 经济波动Capital 资本Capital deeping 资本深化Capital market 资本市场Capital widening 资本广化Capital-output ration 资本产出比Cardinal utility theory 基数效用论Cartel 卡特尔Central bank 中央银行Checking account 支票账户Classical economics 古典经济学Clearing market 市场出清Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobweb model 蛛网模型Collusion 串谋Commercial bank 商业银行Common resource 公共资源Common stock 普通股票Comparative cost theory 比较成本说Comparative static analysis 比较静态分析Compensated budget line 补偿预算线Competition 竞争Competitive market 竞争性市场Complement goods 互补品Complete information 完全信息Condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件Condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件Constant cost industry 成本不变行业Constant returns to scale 规模收益不变Consumer price index 消费价格指数Consumer sovereignty 消费者统治Consumer surplus 消费者剩余Consumer preference 消费者偏好Consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡Consumption demand 消费需求Consumption function 消费函数Contract curve 契约曲线Corporate income tax 公司所得税Corporation 公司Cost function 成本函数Cost-benefit analysis 成本收益分析Cost-push inflation 成本推动的通货膨胀Cournot model 古诺模型Credit 信贷Cross price elasticity of demand 需求的交叉价格弹性Crowding out 挤出效应Cyclical unemployment 周期性失业Decreasing cost industry 成本递减行业Decreasing returns to scale 规模收益递减Deflation 通货收缩Demand 需求Demand curve 需求曲线Demand for money 货币需求Demand function 需求函数Demand price 需求价格Demand schedule 需求表Demand-pull inflation需求拉动的通货膨胀Depreciation 折旧Depression 萧条Derived demand 引致需求Devaluation 贬值Differentiated oligopoly industry 差别寡头行业Diminishing returns 边际报酬递减Discount rate 贴现率Discounting 贴现Discretionary 相机抉择Discretionary fiscal policy 斟酌使用的财政政策Disequilibrium 非均衡Disinvestment 负投资Disposable personal income 可支配收入Distribution 分配Distribution theory of marginal production 边际生产率分配论需求向下倾斜规律Durable goods 双头垄断Dynamic analysis 动态分析Dynamic models 动态模型Easy money policy 扩张性货币政策Economic development 经济发展Economic efficiency 经济效率Economic growth 经济增长Economic man 经济人Economic model 经济模型Economic profit 经济利润Economic rent 经济租金Economic stabilization 经济稳定政策Economics of information 信息经济学Economies of scale规模经济Edgeworth box 埃奇沃斯盒Effective demand 有效需求Effects of fiscal policy 财政政策效果Effects of monetary policy 货币政策效果Efficiency 效率Elastic demand 有弹性的需求Elasticity 弹性Elasticity if demand 弹性需求Endogenous growth 内生增长Endogenous variable 内生变量Engel’s curve 恩格尔曲线Engel’s law 恩格尔定律Entrepreneur 企业家Entrepreneurship 企业家才能Envelope curve 包络曲线Equation of cost 成本方程Equation of exchange 交易方程Equilibrium 均衡Equilibrium growth 均衡增长Equilibrium of capital market 资本市场的均衡Equilibrium output 均衡产出Equilibrium price 均衡价格Equilibrium quantity 均衡数量Euler theorem 欧拉定理Excess reserve 超额准备金Excess reserves ratio 超额准备金率Exchange 交换Exchange contract curve 交换的契约曲线Exchange rate 汇率Exclusion principle 排他性原则Existence of general equilibrium 一般均衡的存在性Exogenous variable 外生变量Expansion path 扩展线Expectation 预期Expected utility 期望效用Expenditure method 支出法Explicit cost 显性成本Export 出口External diseconomies 外部不经济External economies 外部经济External effects or externalities 外部影响（外在性）Factor demand 要素需求Factor demand curve 要素需求曲线Factor demand curve of firm 厂商对要素的需求曲线Factor demand curve of market 市场对要素的需求曲线Factor market 要素市场Factor supply 要素供给Factors of production 生产要素Federal reserve system 联邦储蓄体系Final goods 最终产品Financial derivatives 金融衍生品Financial market 金融市场Firm 厂商Fiscal budget 财政预算Fiscal policy 财政政策Fiscal restrain 财政紧缩Fixed cost 固定成本Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率Fixed input 不变投入Flexible exchange rate 浮动汇率Flow 流量Foreign exchange外汇Foreign trade 对外贸易Foreign trade multiplier 对外贸易乘数Free rider 搭便车者Free trade 自由贸易Frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业Full employment 充分就业Full employment budget surplus 充分就业预算盈余Functional finance 功能财政Future 期货Galloping inflation 奔腾的通货膨胀Game theory 博弈论GDP deflator 国内生产总值平减指数General equilibrium 一般均衡General equilibrium position 一般均衡状态Giffen goods 吉芬商品Gini coefficient 基尼系数Golden rules of economic growth 经济增长的黄金率水平Government expenditure multiplier 政府支出乘数Government purchase 政府购买Government regulation 政府管制Gross domestic product 国内生产总值Gross investment 总投资Gross national product 国民生产总值High-powered money 高能货币Hyperinflation 超级通货膨胀h-o model h-o模型ideal output 理想的产量identity between saving and investment 储蓄-投资恒等式imperfect competition 不完全竞争implicit cost 隐性成本imports 进口impossibility theorem 不可能定理income 收入income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求的收入弹性income method 收入法income theory 收入理论income velocity of money 货币的收入流通速度increasing cost industry 成本递增行业increasing returns to scale 规模收益递增index number 指数indifference curve 无差异曲线indirect taxes 间接税individual analysis 个量分析induced investment 引致投资industry 行业inefficiency of monopoly 垄断的低效率inelasticity 缺乏弹性inferior good 抵档品inferior goods 劣等品inflation 通货膨胀innovation 创新input 投入input-output 投入-产出input-output analysis 投产出分析inside lag 内在时滞instrument of fiscal control 财政政策工具instrument of monetary control 货币政策工具monetary policy tool 货币政策工具insurance 保险interest 利息interest rate 利率interest rate elasticity elasticity 利率弹性intermediate cycle 中周期intermediate goods 中间产品international division of labor 国际分工inventory investment 存活投资investment 投资investment demand 投资需求investment function 投资函数investment multiplier 投资乘数investment taxes credit 投资税抵免invisible hand theorem 看不见手定理involuntary unemployment 非资源失业is curve is曲线is-lm analysis is-lm分析isocost line 等成本线isoquant line 等产量线Keynesian economics 凯恩斯经济学Keynesian revolution 凯恩斯革命Keynesian trop凯恩斯陷阱Keynesianism 凯恩斯主义Keynes’s law 凯恩斯定律Kinded demand curve 弯折的需求曲线Laspeyre’s formula 拉斯拜尔公式Labor 劳动Labor theory of value 劳动价值论Laissez faire 自由放任Land 土地Land price 土地价格Law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减规律Least-cost production 最低成本生产Liabilities 负债Life cycle hypothesis 生命周期假说Life cycle hypothesis of consumption 消费的生命周期假说Liquidity preference 流动性偏好Liquidity trap 流动性偏好陷阱Lm curve lm曲线Long cycle 长周期Long run 长期Long run consumption decision 长期消费决策Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线Lottery ticket 彩票Low inflation 温和的通货膨胀Luxury 奢侈品Macroeconomics 宏观经济学Marginal cost 边际成本Marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本Marginal efficiency of capital 资本边际效率Marginal efficiency of investment投资的边际效率Marginal product 边际产量Marginal productivity 边际生产率Marginal propensity to consume 边际消费倾向Marginal propensity to save 边际储蓄倾向Marginal rate of substitution of commodities 边际商品替代率Marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率Marginal revenue 边际收益Marginal revenue product 边际收益产品Marginal tax rate 边际税率Marginal utility 边际效用Market 市场Market failure 市场失灵Market structure 市场结构Menu cost菜单成本Mercantilism 重商主义Microeconomics 微观经济学Misery index 痛苦指数Mixed economy 混合经济Model 模型Monetarism 货币主义Monetary base 基础货币Monetary illusion 货币幻觉Monetary policy 货币政策Monetary-fiscal policy mix 政策的混合使用Money 货币Money markets 货币市场Money multiplier 货币乘数Money supply 货币供给Monopolistic competition 垄断竞争Monopoly 垄断Monopoly 卖方垄断Monopsony 买方垄断Moral hazard 道德风险Moral suasion 道义上的劝告Mortgage credit 抵押贷款Multiplier 乘数Multiplier effect 乘数效应Multiplier theory 乘数利率Multiplier-acceleration interaction 乘数加速数相互作用Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡National income 国民收入Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural rate of unemployment 自然失业率Natural supply 自然供给Necessity 必需品Net domestic product 国内净生产值Net exports 进出口Net investment 净投资New-classic school 新古典学派New-classical growth model 新古典增长模型Nominal GDP 名义GDPNormal goods 正常物品Normal profit 正常利润Normative economics 规范经济学Okun’S law 奥肯定律Oligopoly 寡头垄断Oligopoly market 寡头市场Open market operation 公开市场操作Opportunity cost 机会成本Optimality of general equilibrium 一般均衡最优性Optimum plant size 最优生产规模Option 期权Ordinal utility theory 序数效应论Outside lag 外在时滞Paassche’s formula 帕煦公式Parameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托最优Partial equilibrium 局部均衡Payment or expenditure 支出Perfect competition market 完全竞争市场Perfect elasticity 完全弹性Perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性Permanent income hypothesis 永久收入假说Permanent income hypothesis of income 永久收入消费假说Personal disposable income 个人可支配收入Personal income 个人收入Personal income tax 个人所得税Philips curve 菲利普斯曲线Point elasticity 点弹性Positive economics 实证经济学Potential GDP 潜在GDPPrecautionary demand 预防需求Preference 偏好Present value 现值Price discrimination 价格歧视Price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性Price elasticity of supply 供给的价格弹性Price expansion path 价格扩展线Price index 价格指数Price rigidity 价格刚性Price stabilization 价格稳定Price theory 价格理论Price-consumption curve 价格消费曲线Principal-agent 委托-代理Prisoner’s dilemma 囚徒困境Private cost 私人成本Private goods 私人物品Producer 生产者Producer surplus 生产者剩余Product differentiation 生产差别Product function 生产函数Product markets 产品市场Production market 产品契约曲线Production group 生产集团Production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线Productivity 生产率Profit 利润Progressive tax 累进税Proportional tax 比例税Prosperity 繁荣Public choice 公共选择Public debt 公债Public goods 公共物品Purchasing power parity 购买力平价Pure oligopoly industry 纯粹寡头行业Quantity equation of exchange 货币数量交易方程Quantity theory of money 货币数量论Quasi-rent 准租金Quotas 配额Rate of rediscount policy 再贴现率政策Rational expectation 理性预期Rational man 理性人Real business cycle 实际经济周期Real GDP 实际GDPReal interest rate 实际利率Real wages 实际工资Recession衰退Regressive tax 累退税Relative income hypothesis 相对收入假说Relative income hypothesis of consumption 相对收入消费理论Rent 租金Rent-seeking 寻租Replacement investment 重置投资Reputation 信誉Required reserves or legal reserve 法定准备金Reserve 准备金Reserve rate 准备率Revenue 收益Rigid price 刚性价格Risk 风险Risk averter 风险回避者Risk lover 风险爱好者Risk neutral 风险中立者Saving 储蓄Say’S law 萨伊定律Scarcity 稀缺Second best 次优Security market 证券市场Service 劳务Short cycle 短周期Short run 短期Single rule 单一规则Social cost 社会成本Social walfare function 社会福利函数Speculative demand 投机需求Supply-side economics 供给学派Stability of general equilibrium 一般均衡的稳定性Stagflation 滞胀Staggered contracts 交错合同Static analysis 静态分析Static model 静态模型Sticky price 黏性价格Sticky wages 黏性工资Stock 股票Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Structural unemployment 结构性失业Subprime lending crisis 次贷危机Subsidy 津贴Substitutes 替代品Substitution effect 替代效应Supply 供给Supply curve 供给曲线Supply curve of capital 资本供给曲线Supply curve of factor 要素供给曲线Supply curve of labor 劳动供给曲线Supply curve of land 土地供给曲线Supply economics 供给经济学Supply function 供给函数Supply schedule 供给表System of material product balances 物质产品平衡体系System of national accounts 国民经济核算体系Tariff 关税Tatonnement process 试探过程Tax multiplier 税收乘数Taylor rule 泰勒规则Technological advance 技术进步The financial crisis 金融危机The precautionary motive 预防性动机The rate of unemployment 失业率The speculative motive 投机动机The transactional motive 交易动机Theory of economics of scale 规模经济理论Tight-money policy 紧缩性货币政策Time deposit 定期存款Time inconsistency 时间不一致性Tobin’s q theory 托宾的q 说Total cost 总成本理论Total fixed cost 总固定成本Total product 总成本Total revenue 总收益Total utility 总效用Total variable cost 总变动成本Transaction demand 交易需求Transactions cost 交易成本Transfer payment 转移支付Transfer payment multiplier 转移支付乘数Treasury bills 国库券Uncertainty 不确定性Undiftributed profit 未分配理论Unemployment 失业Unintended investment 非意愿投资Uniqueness of general equilibrium 一般均衡的唯一性Unitary elasticity 单一弹性Utility 效用Utility function 效用函数Utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线Value of marginal product 边际产品价值Value-added tax 增值税Variable cost 可变成本Variable input 可变投入Velocity of money 货币流通速度Voluntary of unemployment 自愿失业Vulgar economics 庸俗经济学Wage 工资Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯一般均衡Wealth 财富Welfare 福利Welfare economics 福利经济学Wholesale price index 批发价格指数。
平均主义英语
平均主义英语一、单词1. egalitarianism [iˌɡælɪˈteəriənɪzəm]- 英语释义：the belief in the principle that all people are equal and should have equal rights and opportunities.- 用法：作名词，在句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如：Egalitarianism has a long - standing influence in some societies.（平均主义在一些社会中有长期的影响。
）- 双语例句：- His ideas were based on egalitarianism, believing that everyone should have an equal share.（他的想法基于平均主义，认为每个人都应该享有平等的份额。
）- Egalitarianism challenges the traditional hierarchical social structure.（平均主义挑战传统的等级社会结构。
）2. equalitarianism [i:kwəli'teəriənizəm]- 英语释义：a social philosophy advocating the removal of inequalities among people.- 用法：名词，例如：Equalitarianism can sometimes lead to inefficiency.（平均主义有时会导致效率低下。
）- 双语例句：- Thepany's attempt at equalitarianism in salary distribution faced many problems.（公司在工资分配上的平均主义尝试面临许多问题。
）- Equalitarianism may seem fair on the surface but has many drawbacks in practice.（平均主义表面上看起来公平，但在实践中有许多弊端。
公共政策中的价值观
公共政策的基本价值观包括： 公平 效率 自由
许良英：“向往自由、平等，是人类的 普遍人性。”
一、公平
例一：你认为高考招生政策公平吗？ 例二：一个大四学生在保研中的表现。
以工具理性还是价值理性来对待规则？
哈佛公开课：Justice 伦理困境： 电车司机，5>1 旁观者，1>5 急救医生，5>1 器官移植外科医生，1>5 究竟是以结果还是以其他标准来判断 公平？
中国基本没有真正的教育，从来就只是 在竞赛，玩抢凳子的游戏。
人生识字忧患始。做一个痛苦的人，还 是一头快乐的猪？这是一个问题。
四、讨论
人们并不一定认为三个标准都达到才是 好政策，而是对这三个标准有所侧重。
如，完全的收入平等并不好，因为它会 带来低效率。
同时，很多人也不太反对政府限制我们 的行为，认为少一点自由可能带来多一 些效率和平等。
是经济所处的一种状态，在此状态中，没有 任何一个人能在至少不使他人处境变坏的前 提下让自己的处境变得更好。也就是说，要 让任何一个人的处境变得更好，必须使他人 的处境变得更坏。这种状态也被称为帕累托 效率状态。
如果一个人的处境变好了，而同时没有使任 何其他人的处境变坏，则实现了帕累托改进 （Pareto Improvement） 。帕累托改进 是经济学家追求的目标。
中国人在五千年的历史上从没享受过社 会公正。在一个不公正的环境，一方面 打击了人们的责任感，另一方面催生了 短视行为、搭便车的行为。搭便车的心 态会损伤所有人的利益。
二、效率
很多经济学家认为效率是第一位的。
效率就是在成本一定的情况下获得最大 收益，或在收益一定情况下支付最小成 本。
1、帕累托最优（Pareto Optimum）。