甘蔗地理分布

甘蔗地理分布
甘蔗原产于印度，现广泛种植于热带及亚热带地区。

甘蔗种植面积最大的国家是巴西，其次是印度，中国位居第三，种植面积较大的国家还有古巴、泰国、墨西哥、澳大利亚、美国等。

中国蔗区主要分布在广西（产量占全国60%）、广东、台湾、福建、四川、云南、江西、贵州、湖南、浙江、湖北等省(自治区)。

甘蔗的起源
甘蔗原产地可能是新几内亚或印度，后来传播到南洋群岛。

大约在周朝周宣王时传入中国南方。

先秦时代的“柘”就是甘蔗，到了汉代才出现“蔗”字，“柘”和“蔗”的读音可能来自梵文sakara。

10到13世纪（宋代），江南各省普遍种植甘蔗；中南半岛和南洋各地如真腊、占城、三佛齐、苏吉丹也普遍种甘蔗制糖。

亚历山大大帝东征印度时，部下一位将领曾说印度出产一种不须蜜蜂就能产生蜜糖的草。

公元6世纪伊朗萨珊王朝国王库思老一世（不朽的灵魂）（Khosrau I Anushirvan）将甘蔗引入伊朗种植。

8到10世纪甘蔗的种植遍及伊拉克、埃及、西西里、伊比利亚半岛等地。

后来葡萄牙和西班牙殖民者又把甘蔗带到了美洲。

甘蔗的分布
甘蔗的分布主要在北纬33°至南纬30°之间，其中以南北纬25°之间，面积比较集中。

如以温度线为世界蔗区的分布是年平均气温17～18℃的等温线以上。

甘蔗的垂直分布在赤道附近可达1500米。

在中国云南的滇西南蔗区，海拔已达1500米～1600米。

中国地处北半球，甘蔗分布南从海南岛，北至北纬33°的陕西汉中地区，地跨纬度15°；东至台湾东部，西至西藏东南部的雅鲁藏布江，跨越经度达30°，其分布范围广，为其它国家所少见。

中国的主产蔗区，主要分布在北纬24°以南的热带、亚热带地区，包括广东、台湾、广西、福建、四川、云南、江西、贵州、湖南、浙江、湖北、海南等南方12个省、自治区。

20世纪80年代中期以来，中国的蔗糖产区迅速向广西、云南等西部地区转移，至1999年广西、云南两省的蔗糖产量已占全国的70.6%(不包括台湾省)。

随着生产技术的发展，在中国大陆的中原地区也有分散性大棚种植（如河南，山东，河北等地）。

Sugarcane geographic distribution
Sugarcane originating in India, is now widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Sugarcane acreage largest country is Brazil, ,followed by India, China ranked third in the larger acreage Cuba, Thailand, Mexico, Australia, the United States. Sugarcane Fields in China are mainly distributed in the (production accounts for 60% of the country) in Guangxi,
,Guangdong and Taiwan, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Zhejiang, Hubei and other provinces (autonomous regions).
The origin of sugar cane
The cane Origin New Guinea or India, and later spread to the islands of Southeast Asia. About Zhou dynasty Zhou Xuan Wang introduced to China Southern. The pre-Qin era "Zhe" is sugar cane, the Han dynasty "cane" word, ,"the Zhelin" and the pronunciation of "cane" from Sanskrit sakara 10-13 century (Song Dynasty), southern provinces generally grow sugar cane; Indochina and all over Southeast Asia, such as Chenla, Champa, Srivijaya, Suji Dan, also commonly planted sugar cane.
The, men Alexander the Great Dongzheng India one the generals once said India produced a do not need bees can produce honey grass. , 6th century Yilang Sa Shan dynasty King Kuhn old I (immortal soul) (Khosrau I Anushirvan) introduced the sugar cane cultivation Iran. 8-10 century sugar cane cultivation throughout Iraq, Egypt, Sicily, the Iberian Peninsula and other
places. Later, Portuguese and Spanish colonists took sugar cane to the Americas.
Distribution of sugar cane
The distribution of sugar cane is mainly between latitude 33 ° to 30 ° south latitude, 25 ° south latitude, an area of more concentrated. Such as sugarcane field of the distribution of the temperature line for the world is more than the annual average temperature of 17 ~ 18 ℃isotherms. ,The vertical distribution of sugar cane near the equator up to 1,500 meters. In Yunnan, China's southwestern Yunnan Sugarcane Area, reached 1500 meters above sea level to 1,600 meters. China is located in the northern hemisphere, the sugarcane points Bounan from, Shaanxi Hanzhong regions, Hainan Island, to the north of latitude 33 °, the ground cross-latitude 15 °; east to the eastern part of Taiwan, west to the southeast of Tibet's Yarlung Zangbo River, across the longitude of 30 °, the distribution range wide, is rare in other countries. China's main production Sugarcane Fields, mainly in the south of latitude 24 ° tropical, subtropical regions, 12 provinces, including Guangdong, Taiwan, Guangxi, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hainan south and autonomous regions. Since the
mid-1980s, the sucrose-producing areas in China quickly transferred to the western region of Guangxi, and Yunnan, to cane sugar production in Guangxi and Yunnan provinces in 1999 accounted for 70.6% of the country (not including Taiwan Province). With the development of production technology, greenhouse cultivation dispersion (such as Henan, Shandong, Hebei and other places) in the Central Plains region of the Chinese mainland.。