新能源汽车外文翻译文献
汽车新能源论文中英文版
new energy automobileIn 1839, Robert Anderson of Scotland to a carriage mounted on the battery and the electric motor, its successful transformation of the world's first a vehicle driven by electricity, which opened the curtain for the development of electric vehicles.Works flow route of electric vehicles: battery - current - power regulator - motor - drivetrain - drive the vehicle, power drive Move and control system is the core of the electric car is different from different points of the internal combustion engine vehicle;From a global point of view, the development of electric vehicles in China and developed countries almost stand on the same starting line,the vehicle has been initially formed products development system supporting the management mechanism and team composition, pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, like cars have been achieved, key components, the fuel cell engine is the formation of the system, high-power nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion battery performance has been greatly enhanced, multi-energy control system initially formed.The main purpose of this writing is to deepen their own understanding of electric vehicles, so that more people understand the new energy and electric vehicles, and the majority of their prime comrades of electric vehicles are interested ability, can also be for our country or for The world automobile Energy to contribute their value.Even China's electric car industry has made a lot of progress, but today such a grim situation, before the dual crisis of energy and the environment has not been resolved, still need to continue to work hard, especially shoulder motherland in the future development of the important task of contemporary college students should the burdens of this great mission and responsibility.新能源汽车1839年，苏格兰的罗伯特·安德森给四轮马车装上了电池和电动机，将其成功改造为世界上第一辆靠电力驱动的车辆由此拉开了电动汽车发展的帷幕。
新能源汽车英文作文范文
新能源汽车英文作文范文With the increasing awareness of environmentalprotection and the depletion of traditional energy sources, new energy vehicles have become a hot topic in the automotive industry. New energy vehicles refer to vehicles that use new energy sources as power, such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, new energy vehicles have the advantages of low pollution, energy saving, and sustainable development. In recent years, the development of new energy vehicles has been vigorously promoted by various countries, and many policies and measures have been introduced to support the development and promotion of new energy vehicles.The development of new energy vehicles has brought great changes to the automotive industry. As a new type of vehicle, new energy vehicles have many advantages. First of all, new energy vehicles have low pollution and low emissions, which can effectively reduce air pollution and improve environmental quality. With the increasing severity of environmental problems, the development and promotion ofnew energy vehicles have become an important way to achieve sustainable development. Secondly, new energy vehicles can reduce energy consumption and save energy resources. The use of new energy vehicles can effectively reduce the consumption of traditional fossil fuels, alleviate the pressure of resource depletion, and promote the sustainable development of energy. In addition, the development of new energy vehicles can also drive the transformation and upgrading of related industries, promote the development of new energy vehicle industry chain, and create new economic growth points.In recent years, the development of new energy vehicles has achieved rapid progress. Various countries have introduced policies and measures to promote the development and promotion of new energy vehicles, and the market share of new energy vehicles has continued to increase. As a result, many automakers have increased their investment in new energy vehicles and accelerated the development of new energy vehicle technology. With the continuous improvement of new energy vehicle technology and the reduction of production costs, the market competitiveness of new energy vehicles has been continuously enhanced, and new energyvehicles have gradually become the main force in the automotive market.In addition to the support of policies and measures, the development of new energy vehicles also faces many challenges. First of all, the construction of charging infrastructure is relatively lagging behind, and the lack of charging facilities has become a bottleneck restricting the development of new energy vehicles. Secondly, the driving range and battery life of new energy vehicles still need to be improved, and the high cost of batteries is also a major obstacle to the popularization of new energy vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of charging infrastructure, improve thedriving range and battery life of new energy vehicles, and reduce the cost of new energy vehicles in order to promote the large-scale popularization of new energy vehicles.As a new trend in the automotive industry, the development of new energy vehicles has broad prospects. With the increasing attention to environmental protection and the continuous improvement of new energy vehicle technology, new energy vehicles will play an important rolein the future automotive market. It is believed that through the joint efforts of governments, enterprises, and society, the development and promotion of new energy vehicles will achieve greater success, and new energy vehicles will become the mainstream of the automotive market in the future.随着环保意识的增强和传统能源的枯竭，新能源汽车已成为汽车行业的热门话题。
关于新能源汽车发展的英语作文
关于新能源汽车发展的英语作文The Evolution and Prospects of New Energy Vehicles.The automotive industry has undergone significant transformations over the decades, with the emergence of new energy vehicles (NEVs) marking a paradigm shift in sustainable transportation. These vehicles, powered by sources like electricity, hydrogen fuel cells, or alternative fuels, aim to reduce environmental impacts while offering efficient and cost-effective mobility solutions.Background and Evolution.The concept of NEVs dates back to the early 19th century, with the invention of the first electric car by Thomas Davenport. However, it was not until recent years that the technology matured and became commercially viable. This evolution can be attributed to advancements in battery technology, charging infrastructure, and governmentpolicies promoting sustainable transportation.Electric vehicles (EVs) are the most common type of NEVs, using lithium-ion batteries to power their motors. These batteries offer higher energy density and longer lifespans, enabling EVs to travel longer distances on a single charge. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCEVs) are another promising technology, converting hydrogen into electricity and water, emitting only water vapor as a by-product.Current Status and Applications.Currently, NEVs are being used in various applications, from personal transportation to commercial fleets andpublic transportation systems. Governments worldwide are providing incentives like tax credits, subsidies, and exemptions from certain road taxes to encourage the adoption of these vehicles.In the passenger car segment, EVs have gainedpopularity due to their reduced fuel costs, lowermaintenance requirements, and environmental benefits. Manufacturers like Tesla, Nissan, and BMW have introduced a range of EV models, catering to different consumer segments.In the commercial sector, NEVs are being used for logistics and delivery, taxi services, and public transportation. Electric buses and taxis are becoming increasingly common in cities worldwide, reducing carbon emissions and noise pollution.Challenges and Solutions.Despite the progress made, several challenges remain in the widespread adoption of NEVs. Range anxiety, or the fear of not being able to reach a charging station before the battery runs out, is a significant concern for manypotential buyers. To address this, manufacturers are developing batteries with higher energy densities andfaster charging speeds.Infrastructure development is another key challenge. Charging stations and hydrogen fueling stations are stilllimited in many regions, making it difficult for NEVs to compete with traditional vehicles. Governments and private companies are investing in building out these networks to ensure widespread accessibility.The cost of NEVs is also a barrier for some consumers. While the upfront cost may be higher than traditional vehicles, the long-term savings in fuel and maintenance costs can offset this. Manufacturers are also working to reduce production costs and make NEVs more affordable.Future Prospects.The future of NEVs looks bright, with continued advancements in technology and infrastructure expected to drive their adoption. Autonomous vehicles, which can optimize energy usage and routing, could further enhancethe efficiency of NEVs.In terms of policy, governments are likely to continue promoting sustainable transportation by providingincentives for NEV ownership and infrastructure development.This, coupled with the decreasing cost of batteries and other components, could lead to a significant increase in NEV sales in the coming years.Conclusion.The development of new energy vehicles represents a significant step towards sustainable transportation. While challenges remain, the industry is making progress in addressing them, and the future looks promising. With continued innovation and support from governments and private sector, NEVs could become the norm in transportation, leading to a more environmentally friendly and efficient future.。
关于新能源汽车的英语文章
New Energy Vehicles: Driving the Future of Sustainable TransportationIn the contemporary era of rapid technological advancements, the automotive industry is undergoing a paradigm shift. The emergence of new energy vehicles (NEVs) represents a significant milestone in this transition, heralding a new era of sustainable transportation. These vehicles, powered by alternative sources of energy such as electricity, hydrogen, and solar, are revolutionizing the way we travel, reducing our dependency on fossil fuels and mitigating the environmental impacts of traditional automobiles.The rise of NEVs is not just a technological trend;it's a societal imperative. With the escalating concerns over climate change and air pollution, the need for eco-friendly modes of transportation has become increasingly urgent. NEVs offer a viable solution, offering reduced emissions, improved fuel efficiency, and quieter operation. This shift towards sustainability is not only beneficialfor the environment but also presents economicopportunities, driving innovation and job creation in the automotive sector.One of the most prominent types of NEVs is electric vehicles (EVs). These vehicles are powered by batteries, eliminating the need for internal combustion engines and the associated emissions. The popularity of EVs has grown significantly in recent years, with an increasing number of manufacturers offering a diverse range of models, from compact cars to heavy-duty trucks. The development of advanced battery technology has been a key driver in the widespread adoption of EVs, enabling longer driving ranges and faster charging times.Another noteworthy area in the NEV landscape is hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. These vehicles use hydrogen as a fuel source, converting it into electricity through a chemical reaction. This process produces only water as a byproduct, making hydrogen fuel cell vehicles truly zero-emission. While the infrastructure for hydrogen fueling stations is still in its infancy, the potential of this technology is immense, offering a clean and efficient alternative to fossil fuels.Moreover, the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar power into NEVs is gaining momentum. Solar-powered vehicles harness the sun's energy to charge their batteries, further reducing their carbon footprint. While solar-powered vehicles may not yet be suitable for all types of transportation, they represent a promising direction for future development.However, the widespread adoption of NEVs faces several challenges. One of the primary concerns is the cost of these vehicles, which is often higher than traditional gasoline-powered cars. Government incentives and subsidies can help offset these costs and encourage consumers to make the switch. Additionally, the infrastructure for charging stations and hydrogen fueling facilities needs to be expanded to support the growing number of NEVs on the road. Another challenge is the need for standardized charging and fueling protocols. Different manufacturers often use proprietary systems, which can create inconveniences for consumers. Establishing universal standards would greatly enhance the usability and adoption of NEVs.Despite these challenges, the future of NEVs looks bright. As technology continues to evolve and costs come down, these vehicles are expected to become more accessible and widespread. Innovations in battery technology, charging infrastructure, and renewable energy integration willfurther enhance the performance and sustainability of NEVs. Moreover, the automotive industry is collaborating with governments, research institutions, and other stakeholdersto address the challenges facing NEVs. These collaborations are focused on developing new technologies, improving infrastructure, and creating policies that support the widespread adoption of sustainable transportation solutions. In conclusion, new energy vehicles represent a pivotal shift in the automotive industry, ushering in a new era of sustainable transportation. While challenges remain, the potential benefits of NEVs are immense, offering reduced emissions, improved fuel efficiency, and economic opportunities. As technology and infrastructure continue to evolve, we can expect to see a growing number of NEVs onour roads, driving us towards a more sustainable future.**新能源汽车：驱动可持续交通的未来**在当今科技飞速发展的时代，汽车行业正经历着范式转变。
新能源汽车英语作文英文
新能源汽车英语作文英文英文，New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) are a crucial part of our future transportation landscape. These vehicles are powered by alternative energy sources, such as electricity, hydrogen, or solar power, rather than traditional fossil fuels. There are several reasons why NEVs are gaining popularity around the world.Firstly, NEVs are much more environmentally friendly than traditional vehicles. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, which helps reduce air pollution and combat climate change. As the world becomes more aware of the environmental impact of fossil fuels, there is a growing demand for cleaner transportation options.Secondly, NEVs are more energy-efficient thantraditional vehicles. Electric vehicles (EVs), for example, can convert over 60% of the electrical energy from the grid to power at the wheels. In contrast, internal combustion engine vehicles can only convert about 20% of the energystored in gasoline. This efficiency makes NEVs a more sustainable option for the future.Additionally, NEVs offer lower operating costs for consumers. While the initial purchase price of an NEV may be higher than that of a traditional vehicle, the cost of electricity or hydrogen fuel is often lower than gasoline or diesel. Moreover, maintenance costs for NEVs are generally lower, as they have fewer moving parts and require less frequent servicing.Furthermore, governments around the world are incentivizing the adoption of NEVs through subsidies, tax breaks, and other measures. These incentives help make NEVs more affordable for consumers and encourage manufacturers to invest in new technologies.In conclusion, NEVs are an important part of the future of transportation. They offer environmental benefits, energy efficiency, lower operating costs, and government incentives. As technology advances and infrastructure improves, NEVs will become an even more attractive optionfor consumers.中文，新能源汽车（NEV）是未来交通格局中至关重要的一部分。
国外关于新能源汽车的文献
国外关于新能源汽车的文献
1.'TheFutureofElectricVehicles:OpportunitiesandChallenges'(英国)-这篇文献讨论了电动汽车的未来发展趋势、机遇和挑战，探讨了政策、技术和市场等方面的影响因素。
2. 'Electric Vehicle Policies and Market Development in China' (中国) - 这篇文献主要介绍了中国的新能源汽车政策和市场发展情况，分析了政策实施效果和未来发展趋势。
3. 'The Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Power Grid' (美国) - 这篇文献探讨了电动汽车对电网的影响，包括充电需求、电网负荷和能源管理等方面的问题。
4. 'Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles' (日本) - 这篇文献介绍了电动汽车用电池技术的发展历程，讨论了不同类型电池的优缺点和应用范围。
5. 'The Economics of Electric Vehicles' (德国) - 这篇文献分析了电动汽车的经济学特征，包括成本结构、市场需求和政策支持等方面的因素。
6. 'The Role of Renewable Energy in Electric Vehicle Charging' (丹麦) - 这篇文献讨论了可再生能源在电动汽车充电方面的应用和前景，探讨了能源转型和环保需求等方面的关联。
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新能源汽车英语作文80
新能源汽车英语作文80Title: The Future of New Energy Vehicles。
In recent years, the automotive industry has witnessed a significant shift towards the development and adoption of new energy vehicles (NEVs), which encompass electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). This transition is driven by the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, combat climate change, and mitigate the environmental impact oftraditional internal combustion engine vehicles. In this essay, we will delve into the various aspects of NEVs and explore their significance in shaping the future of transportation.Firstly, let us examine the environmental benefits of NEVs. Unlike conventional vehicles that rely on fossil fuels, NEVs primarily utilize electricity or alternative clean fuels, thereby emitting fewer pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), andparticulate matter (PM). By reducing harmful emissions, NEVs contribute to improving air quality and mitigating the adverse effects of vehicular pollution on public health and the environment. Additionally, the growing emphasis on renewable energy sources further enhances thesustainability of NEVs, as they can be charged using electricity generated from solar, wind, or hydroelectric power.Moreover, the technological advancements in battery technology have significantly enhanced the performance and range of electric vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries, which are commonly used in EVs, offer higher energy density and longer lifespan compared to earlier battery chemistries. This enables EVs to achieve longer driving ranges on a single charge, addressing one of the primary concerns of consumers regarding range anxiety. Furthermore, ongoing research and development efforts aim to further improve battery efficiency, reduce charging times, and lower manufacturing costs, thereby making NEVs more accessible and appealing to a broader consumer base.Another crucial aspect of NEVs is their potential to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and enhance energy security. By diversifying the transportation sector'senergy sources, NEVs can mitigate the risks associated with oil price volatility and geopolitical tensions. Additionally, the integration of smart grid technologiesand vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems enables bidirectional energy flow between EVs and the electric grid, facilitating energy storage and demand response capabilities. This synergy between NEVs and the grid promotes grid stability, optimizes energy utilization, and fosters a more resilient energy infrastructure.Furthermore, the proliferation of NEVs presents economic opportunities for industries and governments alike. The manufacturing and deployment of NEVs stimulate innovation, create jobs, and drive economic growth in sectors related to clean energy technologies. Governments worldwide are implementing policies and incentives to accelerate the adoption of NEVs, such as subsidies, tax incentives, and regulatory mandates. These measures notonly encourage consumers to embrace NEVs but also supportthe development of charging infrastructure and promote sustainable transportation solutions.However, despite the numerous benefits of NEVs, several challenges and barriers hinder their widespread adoption. One major challenge is the upfront cost of NEVs, which remains relatively higher than conventional vehicles due to the cost of batteries and electric drivetrain components. Although declining battery prices and government incentives have helped reduce the cost gap, further cost reductions are essential to make NEVs more competitive in the automotive market.Moreover, the availability and accessibility of charging infrastructure pose challenges for EV adoption, particularly in regions with limited charginginfrastructure coverage. Addressing this issue requires concerted efforts from governments, utilities, and private stakeholders to invest in the deployment of charging stations and establish interoperable standards for charging networks. Additionally, enhancing public awareness and education about NEVs can dispel misconceptions and increaseconsumer confidence in adopting clean transportation alternatives.In conclusion, new energy vehicles represent a paradigm shift in the automotive industry towards sustainability, innovation, and energy resilience. Their environmental, technological, and economic benefits position them as key drivers in the transition towards a greener and more sustainable transportation ecosystem. However, overcoming barriers such as cost, infrastructure, and consumer perception is crucial to realizing the full potential of NEVs and ushering in a cleaner, smarter, and more efficient transportation future. Through collaborative efforts and continued innovation, we can accelerate the adoption of NEVs and pave the way for a more sustainable and prosperous tomorrow.。
新能源汽车外文翻译文献
新能源汽车外文翻译文献Electric Cars: XXX?As the XXX crises。
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the need for alternative XXX not a renewable resource。
and we must find a replacement before XXX and social progress。
the n of electric cars XXX.Faced with high XXX costs。
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Tesla Motors。
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and XXX a similar plan is underway.Currently。
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pure electric vehicles。
and fuel cell vehicles。
and "three horizontals" of vehicle controlsystems。
motor drive systems。
and power XXX industry。
新汽车能源英语作文
新汽车能源英语作文The Future of Automotive Energy: New Technologies and Their Impact.As the world continues to move towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future, the automotive industry is at the forefront of this transformation. New automotive energy sources are emerging, promising to revolutionize transportation and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. In this article, we will explore some of the most promising new car energy sources and their potential impact on our society.1. Electric Vehicles (EVs)。
Electric vehicles are powered solely by electricity, eliminating the need for gasoline or diesel fuel. EVs are becoming increasingly popular due to their low running costs, reduced emissions, and government incentives in many countries.Advantages:Zero emissions: EVs do not produce any tailpipe emissions, making them environmentally friendly.Lower running costs: Electricity is cheaper than gasoline or diesel, reducing the cost of driving.Reduced noise pollution: EVs are quieter than traditional combustion engine vehicles.Disadvantages:Range limitations: EVs have a shorter range than some combustion engine vehicles, requiring more frequent charging.Infrastructure: The charging infrastructure for EVs is still not as widespread as for gasoline stations.2. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs)。
新能源汽车外文文献翻译
新能源汽车外⽂⽂献翻译⽂献出处：Moriarty P, Honnery D. The prospects for global green car mobility[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2008,16(16): 1717-1726.原⽂The prospects for global green car mobilityPatrick Moriarty, Damon HonneryAbstractThe quest for green car mobility faces two major challenges: air pollution from exhaust emissions and global climate change from greenhouse gas emissions. Vehicle air pollution emissions are being successfully tackled in many countries by technical solutions such as low-sulphur fuels, unleaded petrol and three-way catalytic converters. Many researchers advocate a similar approach for overcoming transport's climate change impacts. This study argues that finding a technical solution for this problem is not possible. Instead, the world will have to move to an alternative surface transport system involving far lower levels of motorised travel.Keywords：Green mobility; Fuel efficiency; Alternative fuels; Global climate change; air pollution1. IntroductionProvision of environmentally sustainable (or green) private transport throughout the world faces two main challenges. The first is urban and even regional air pollution, particularly in the rapidly growing cities of the industrialising world. The second is global climate change, caused mainly by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. These two barriers to green car mobility differ in several important ways. First, road traffic air pollution problems are more localised, because of the short atmospheric lifetimes of most vehicle pollutants and . Thus regional solutions are often not only possible, but also essential – Australian cities, for example, can (and must) solve their air pollution problems themselves. Matters are very different for global climate change. Except possibly for geo-engineering measuressuch as placing large quantities of sulphate aerosols in the lower stratosphere or erecting huge reflecting mirrors in space, one country cannot solve this problem alone. Climate change is a global problem. Nevertheless, it is possible for some countries to …freeload? if the majority of nations that are important GHG emitter。
中国新能源汽车产业发展现状、问题及对策外文文献
中国新能源汽车产业发展现状、问题及对策外文文献以下是一篇关于中国新能源汽车产业发展现状、问题及对策的外文文献，供参考：Title: Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasuresof China's New Energy Vehicle Industry DevelopmentAbstract:With the rapid development of the automotive industry, thenew energy vehicle industry has also emerged as a key focusof development in China. This paper analyzes the current situation of China's new energy vehicle industry, includingits market size, production capacity, and technological level. It identifies several key problems that hinder the further development of the industry, such as insufficient charging infrastructure, high production costs, and lack of consumer acceptance. Additionally, the paper proposes a set of countermeasures to address these problems, includingexpanding the charging infrastructure network, increasing government subsidies, promoting technological innovation, and strengthening consumer education and awareness. These countermeasures are aimed at promoting the sustainable and healthy development of China's new energy vehicle industry.Keywords: new energy vehicle industry, current situation, problems, countermeasures1. IntroductionWith the increasing global awareness of environmental protection, new energy vehicles (NEVs) have gainedsignificant attention in recent years. China, as the world's largest automotive market, has also made significant efforts to develop its NEV industry. This paper aims to analyze the current situation, problems, and propose countermeasures for the development of China's NEV industry.2. Current Situation2.1 Market Size: China's NEV market has experienced rapid growth in recent years. According to statistics, the sales volume of NEVs reached X units in 20XX, accounting for X% of total vehicle sales in China.2.2 Production Capacity: The production capacity of NEVs in China has also increased significantly. By the end of 20XX, China had X NEV manufacturing enterprises with a combined production capacity of X units per year.2.3 Technological Level: China's NEV technology has made great strides, with breakthroughs in key areas such as batteries, motors, and electronic control systems. Chinese NEV manufacturers have also made significant progress in terms of energy density, battery life, and charging efficiency.3. Problems3.1 Insufficient Charging Infrastructure: The lack of charging facilities is one of the main obstacles hindering the widespread adoption of NEVs. Currently, the number of public charging stations is far from meeting the demand, leading to charging inconvenience and range anxiety for consumers.3.2 High Production Costs: The high cost of NEVs is another major hindrance to their large-scale adoption. The cost of batteries, in particular, remains high, accounting for a significant portion of the vehicle's overall cost.3.3 Lack of Consumer Acceptance: Despite government subsidies and incentives, many consumers still have reservations about NEVs. Concerns such as limited driving range, long charging times, and uncertain resale value deter potential buyers.4. Countermeasures4.1 Expanding Charging Infrastructure Network: The government should invest more in the construction of charging stations, particularly in urban areas and along major highways, to alleviate the charging problem.4.2 Increasing Government Subsidies: The government should continue to provide subsidies and incentives to reduce the purchase cost of NEVs and boost consumer acceptance.4.3 Promoting Technological Innovation: The industry should focus on research and development to improve battery technology, increase energy density, reduce costs, and enhance overall vehicle performance.4.4 Strengthening Consumer Education and Awareness: Efforts should be made to educate consumers on the benefits of NEVs, addressing their concerns and promoting their acceptance.5. ConclusionChina's NEV industry has achieved rapid growth in recent years, but still faces several challenges. By addressing the problems of insufficient charging infrastructure, high production costs, and lack of consumer acceptance, China can promote the sustainable and healthy development of its NEV industry. With the implementation of the proposed countermeasures, China's NEV industry has great potential for future growth and success.。
(完整版)新能源汽车英文资料翻译
New energy vehiclesNew energy vehicles is a new automotive product type, because the development time is not long, the technology is still not mature, so has not yet formed a widely accepted concept, but it certainly is new energy automobile is compared to the traditional fuel vehicles, the new energy vehicles, according to the definition of the scope of the concept size, there are two types of narrow and broad statement.Generalized: used in gasoline and diesel oil as power source of the car.Special: a non conventional vehicle fuel as the advanced technology of powercontrol and drive, the formation of technology has advanced principle, new technology, new structure of automobile.New energy vehicles, including fuel cell cars, hybrid cars, hydrogen powered cars and solar car etc..Hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle equipped with more than two source:battery, fuel cell, solar cell,Turbine locomotive.The current hybrid vehicles generally refers to the diesel generator, plus battery cars.Advantages:Vehicle starting and stopping, driven only by the battery, do not reach a certain speed,The engine will not work, therefore, can make the engine has been maintained in the best condition, good dynamic performance, very low emissions, and the source and power are the engine, gas can only. Its principle is simply the motor and engine the reasonable arrangement of power output machine.Disadvantages:There are two sets of power,Management control system plus two sets of dynamic,Complex structure,Difficult,The price is high and long distance speed is not fuel-efficient.Pure electric vehicle is composed entirely of rechargeable battery (such as lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries or lithium ion batteries provide power source for car).Pure electric vehicle motor fuel to replace machine, low noise, no pollution,and by the use of electrical energy single, electric control system of hybrid electric vehicle is greatly simplified compared. Reduces the cost, the price also can compensate the battery. Pure electric vehicle is mainly used for the airport, community, courts and other places.Disadvantages: only in certain range, the market is smaller. The main reason is because of various categories, the prevailing prices high, life is short, the size and weight of the large, long charging time, serious shortcomings.Fuel cell vehicles refers to the hydrogen, methanol as the fuel, the current through the chemical reaction, depending on the electric motor driven vehicles. The battery power is through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, rather than through the combustion, directly into electrical energy.The chemical reaction process of fuel cell does not produce harmful products,therefore the fuel cell vehicle is a car without pollution, energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell of high 2 ~ 3 times than the internal combustion engine, so the use of environmental protection and energy, fuel cell vehiclesand is an ideal vehicle.Household car is more and more, oil prices more and more expensive, every car company began to research and development of new energy vehicles.1.IntroductionChery since 2000 we have engaged in the research and development of the new energy vehicles, through more than ten years of independent innovation, the new energy vehicles business experienced three important stages of development; From 2001 to 2005, the company with the national 863 project for the carrier, joint top Chinese universities and research institutes, undertake and completed a number of national 863 electric vehicle research subject, the major projects in just3 years time, complete the ISG moderate hybrid and pure electric vehicles of the rational development model. From 2005 to 2008, approved by ministry of a "by national energy conservation and environmental protection automotive engineering technology research center", based on the basic completion of the new energy vehicles of the industrialization of the research and development, the establishment of a sound energy saving and new energy vehicle development system, the world first-class new energy test center, trial-produce center, in the electric car key components and core technology, the company has formed a set of key parts research, testing, application and industrialization of calibration ability, in the motor, motor drive system, DC/DC, advanced power battery, the battery management system, the vehicle controller, initially forming a batch production ability, have the new energy vehicles, the core technology of the calibration technology and experiment technology. New energy vehicles special vehicle accessories system, including: electric air conditioning, the electric steering (EPS), electric vacuum, electric heating, electronic brake system has been formed series products, with the bulk production ability. The first paragraph A5-BSG hybrid cars in 2008 listed in wuhu, batch, dalian city, as the taxi are greatly welcomed by customers, but also become henan, guangdong, xinjiang, shanxi, fujian, zhejiang and other private user's private cars. Moderate hybrid (ISG) car has entered the small batch production stage, which is DuoGe new energy vehicle demonstration pilot city, as the lease, the first choice of state-owned cars models. Miniature pureelectric vehicles and intermediate pure electric vehicles and miniature electric buses, pure electric taxies, pure electric bus industrialization development also has made a great progress. At the same time, we also pay more attention on high efficiency and energy saving the gasoline engine, the diesel engine technology, flexible fuel automobile technology, strong hybrid technology, fuel cell vehicle technology, comprehensive development, a number of technical are in the leading domestic level. Since 2009, the company launched a new comprehensive energy car large-scale industrialization and application, chery A5ISG, A5BSG, S11EV and S18EV has got a letter issued by the department work products in the country the announcement and saving energy and environmental protection products recommended directory; In January 2009, chery automobile company "energy conservation and environmental protection technology platform construction project" get "country" first prize progress prize in science and technology. In March 2010 the first batch of economical pure electric car delivery customers use and chery new energy vehicle technology Co., LTD. was set up, marked the new energy vehicle company opened a new chapter in the business2.Main discussion1. The advantages of new energy vehicles (strength) analysisThe state information center forecast, China's passenger car market growth situation will continue for at least a further 15 years, annual growth needs roughly equivalent to GDP growth in the 1.5 times or so. In 2009 a car into the family (middle-income families buy have ability). From the qualitative Angle, car market at least will also have 20 years of fast growth. If domestic GDP2020 years than in 2000, around 2020 words to quadruple our country will more than the United States, automobile demand will reach 20 million cars, as the world's largest car market.Since 1988, in fujian province, and become the largest of the special economic zone, the provincial capital of hainan province since the haikou city become haikou city won the top ten cities, and national environmental protection model city, national sanitary city, China excellent tourist city, national garden city, national historical and cultural city, a national civilization city advanced city, the work the comprehensive improvement of the urban environment, "China excellent city living environment prize" and so on the city reputation. Hainan consistent development of the island, environmental protection island is travel health island, new energy, cars are the city's another environmental and health. From the economic development prospects and haikou city car market development scale, in the city to see public transport, taxi, business, environmental sanitation and postal and other public service and other fields, new energy vehicles have a large market space.2.New energy vehicles disadvantages (weakness) analysis(1) the traffic congestion, chaos. Nearly five years motor vehicles and drivers haikou number to sustained growth, road traffic management brought unprecedented pressure. According to information, haikou city road 859 existing with a total length of 1797 km, motor vehicle ownership of 250000 vehicles per day, and are at a 200 rate, of which the amount of private cars is as high as 26%, to the current haikou is obviously can't meet the transportation network of motor vehicle driving demand. Second, the city center area road reconstruction speed slow, to the original road reconstruction is not form system engineering, special is ages ago, DuanTouLu neck road has not been effective reform. Constrain the other major trunk and disperse traffic volume ability. Again, there are pure state road traffic and the lagging problems, such as haikou existing parking lot for cannot accommodate next overmuch vehicles, lead to the driver in some sections on both sides of the parking. This makes originally not wide road become more narrow. There is traffic development, citizens behind haikou travel a single pattern, motorcycles, cars, etc, make travel has become the public preferred way material utilization rate reduced. If the road is sabafish intermediary haikou motorcycles and elegant demeanour car most serious place one of the flood. In the waiting by the shop, packed with motorcycles and elegant demeanour car. They ZhanDao rob guest, obstruct the other vehicles, normal traffic caused easily traffic jam. Haikou traffic police is insufficient, the control points, blind area, people's traffic, too weak, the bus lines concept overlap serious, site layout is not reasonable. Some sections of the serious traffic jam, especially holidays or rush, traffic is chaos.(2) for less than for parking. Data shows, at present, haikou has more than 160000vehicles auto possession, and with more than 20000 cars a year speed increases. The current haikou on an average day with more than 60 new car the road, in a day and added between so many parking obviously is not very practical. In the next few years, whether public or parking garage area will be more strained3.Wide range of reading up to dataHybrid cars advantage is: 1, the hybrid power may according to the average need after the power to determine the maximum power of internal combustion engine, right now in oil consumption is low, less pollution the optimal conditions work. Need high power internal combustion engine power shortage, the battery to supplement; Load for a little while and surplus power can power generation to recharge the battery, due to the internal combustion engine, the battery and sustainable work can constantly, so their trip and charging as ordinary cars. 2, for there is a battery, can be very convenient recycling braking, hill and idle when energy. 3, in the noisy city, can shut by internal combustion engines, battery, to achieve "drive alone zero discharge". 4, with internal combustion engines can be very convenient solve energy consumption of the air conditioning, heating, such as pure electric vehicle defrosting problems met. 5, can use the existing gas station come on, don't have to investment. 6, can let the battery to keep in good working condition, not happened, filling put, prolong the service life, and reduce the cost.Faults: long distance high-speed basic can't save fuel4.PresentationThe essay take about chery Hybird car in china.This kind of car is very useful for every family.because of Hybird car can save petrol .so it’s cheaper than other cars. Sometimes,this kind of cars can use electric it can protect environment also can control the climate change. This very accord with China's national conditions. In the future green cars are very popular to use in the world.翻译新能源汽车作为一种新的汽车产品类型，由于发展时间还不长，技术还不成熟，所以尚未形成一个被广泛认可的概念，但是肯定的是新能源汽车的提出是相对于传统燃料汽车而言的，目前关于新能源汽车的概念根据其定义范围的大小，有狭义和广义两种说法。
新能源汽车外文翻译文献
新能源汽车外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)电动车：正在进行的绿色交通革命？随着世界上持续的能源危机，战争和石油消费以及汽车数量的增加，能源日益减少，有一天它会消失得无影无踪。
石油并不是可再生资源。
在石油消耗枯竭之前必须找到一种能源与之替代。
随着科技的发展和社会进步，电动车的发明将会有效的缓解这一燃眉之急。
电动汽车将成为理想的交通工具。
面临能源成本居高不下、消费者和政府更加重视环境保护的情况下，世界汽车制造商正加大对可替代能源性混合动力汽车技术的开发投资。
该技术能极大削减燃料消费，减少温室气体排放。
许多人把目光投向了日本和美国的汽车制造商，关心他们开发混合动力和电池电动车的进展情况。
丰田普锐斯一跃成为世界上销量最好的混合动力车。
美国的新兴汽车制造商，Tesla Motors，推出了该公司首部电池电力车，名为Tesla Roadster。
截至2010年底，通用汽车公司计划推出备受赞誉的V olt混合动力汽车，而克莱斯勒公司最近已经宣布同样的计划正在进行之中。
目前，中国在新能源汽车的自主创新过程中，坚持了政府支持，以核心技术、关键部件和系统集成为重点的原则，确立了以混合电动汽车、纯电动汽车、燃料电池汽车为“三纵”，以整车控制系统、电机驱动系统、动力蓄电池/燃料电池为“三横”的研发布局，通过产学研紧密合作，中国混合动力汽车的自主创新取得了重大进展。
形成了具有完全自主知识产权的动力系统技术平台，建立了混合动力汽车技术开发体系。
混合动力汽车的核心是电池（包括电池管理系统）技术。
除此之外，还包括发动机技术、电机控制技术、整车控制技术等，发动机和电机之间动力的转换和衔接也是重点。
从目前情况来看，中国已经建立起了混合动力汽车动力系统技术平台和产学研合作研发体系，取得了一系列突破性成果，为整车开发奠定了坚实的基础。
截止到2009年1月31日，在混合动力车辆技术领域，中国知识产权局受理并公开的中国专利申请为1116件。
新能源汽车英文论文
The first demomstration electric vehicles were made in the 1830s，and commercial electric vehicles were available by the end of the 19th century。
The electric vehicle has entered its third century as a commercially available product and as such it has been very successful. Today，s concerns about the environment, particularly noise and exhaust emissions，coupled to new developments in batteries and fuel cells many swing the balance back in favor of electric vehicles. It is therefore important that the principles behind the design of electric vehicles, the relevant technological and environment issues are thoroughly understood。
An economically developed coastal cities, in this beautiful city life in the sky was 20 years. The witness to the scene of the historic moment, but in the harmony of the city, there was a scene not in harmony，the electric prevailed. Electric cars a drilling motor vehicles with non—motor vehicle of the legal gaps in the new product, the electric vehicle of that time there is indeed the C hinese People’ s daily on the move brought some facilities. However, things cannot be just one, because everything has two aspects. Nowadays, environment is becoming worse and worse.one of the reasons is a problem of vehicle. There are two main problems caused by conventional vehicles。
新能源汽车英语作文200
新能源汽车英语作文200英文回答：New Energy Vehicles: Driving the Future of Transportation.The global transportation sector is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the imperative to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change. New energy vehicles (NEVs), including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), are emerging as key solutions to this challenge, offering sustainable and environmentallyfriendly alternatives to fossil fuel-powered vehicles.Electric vehicles, powered solely by electric motors, have gained significant traction in recent years. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, eliminating the release of harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. The increasing availability of charging infrastructure and the developmentof longer-range batteries have further fueled the adoption of EVs.Hybrid electric vehicles combine an internal combustion engine with an electric motor, allowing for both gasoline-powered and electric-powered driving. HEVs offer improved fuel efficiency compared to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, reducing emissions while still maintaining a degree of range flexibility.Fuel cell vehicles represent a promising zero-emission technology that utilizes hydrogen as a fuel. The chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in a fuel cell produces electricity to power the vehicle's electric motor, with water as the only byproduct. FCVs offer extended driving ranges and rapid refueling times, making them particularly suitable for heavy-duty and long-distance applications.The adoption of NEVs presents numerous benefits, including:Reduced Emissions: NEVs significantly reduce or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to climate change mitigation.Improved Air Quality: The absence of tailpipe emissions from EVs and FCVs improves urban air quality, reducing respiratory illnesses and environmental degradation.Lower Operating Costs: NEVs have lower operating costs compared to gasoline-powered vehicles, as electricity and hydrogen are typically cheaper fuels.Enhanced Energy Security: NEVs reduce reliance on fossil fuels, fostering energy independence and reducing geopolitical tensions over energy resources.However, there are also challenges that impede the widespread adoption of NEVs:Limited Charging Infrastructure: The availability and accessibility of charging stations for EVs can be alimiting factor, particularly in rural and underserved areas.High Production Costs: The initial production costs of NEVs are often higher than those of conventional vehicles, which can deter some consumers.Range Anxiety: The perceived limitations in thedriving range of EVs can create anxiety among potential buyers, especially for those considering long-distance travel.Despite these challenges, the future of transportation lies in the continued development and deployment of NEVs. Governments, policymakers, and industry leaders are implementing strategies to overcome barriers to adoption, such as investing in charging infrastructure, providing incentives for NEV purchases, and supporting research and development of advanced technologies.As the global community transitions to a more sustainable future, NEVs will play a pivotal role inreducing emissions, improving air quality, and mitigating the environmental impact of transportation.中文回答：新能源汽车，引领交通运输的未来。
新能源汽车中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译The Investigation Of Car new energy'S PresentCondition And DevelopmentAs the world energy crisis, and the war and the energy consumption of oil -- and are full of energy, in one day, someday it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not in resources. So in oil consumption must be clean before finding a replacement. With the development of science and technology the progress of the society, people invented the electric car. Electric cars will become the most ideal of transportation.In the development of world each aspect is fruitful, especially with the automobile electronic technology and computer and rapid development of the information age. The electronic control technology in the car on a wide range of applications, the application of the electronic device, cars, and electronic technology not only to improve and enhance the quality and the traditional automobile electrical performance, but also improve the automobile fuel economy, performance, reliability and emissions purification. Widely used in automobile electronic products not only reduces the cost and reduce the complexity of the maintenance. From the fuel injection engine ignition devices, air control and emission control and fault diagnosis to the body auxiliary devices are generallyused in electronic control technology, auto development mainly electromechanical integration. Widely used in automotive electronic control ignition system mainly electronic control fuel injection system, electronic control ignition system, electronic control automatic transmission, electronic control (ABS/ASR) control system, electronic control suspension system, electronic control power steering system, vehicle dynamic control system, the airbag systems, active belt system, electronic control system and the automatic air-conditioning and GPS navigation system etc. With the system response, the use function of quick car, high reliability, guarantees of engine power and reduce fuel consumption and emission regulations meet standards.The car is essential to modern traffic tools. And electric cars bring us infinite joy will give us the physical and mental relaxation. Take for example, automatic transmission in road, can not on the clutch, can achieve automatic shift and engine flameout, not so effective improve the driving convenience lighten the fatigue strength. Automatic transmission consists mainly of hydraulic torque converter, gear transmission, pump, hydraulic control system, electronic control system and oil cooling system, etc. The electronic control of suspension is mainly used to cushion the impact of the body and the road to reduce vibration that car getting smooth-going andstability. When the vehicle in the car when the road uneven road can according to automatically adjust the height. When the car ratio of height, low set to gas or oil cylinder filling or oil. If is opposite, gas or diarrhea. To ensure and improve the level of driving cars driving stability. Variable force power steering system can significantly change the driver for the work efficiency and the state, so widely used in electric cars. VDC to vehicle performance has important function it can according to the need of active braking to change the wheels of the car,car motions of state and optimum control performance, and increased automobile adhesion, controlling and stability. Besides these, appear beyond 4WS 4WD electric cars can greatly improve the performance of the value and ascending simultaneously. ABS braking distance is reduced and can keep turning skills effectively improve the stability of the directions simultaneously reduce tyre wear. The airbag appear in large programs protected the driver and passenger's safety, and greatly reduce automobile in collision of drivers and passengers in the buffer, to protect the safety of life.Intelligent electronic technology in the bus to promote safe driving and that the other functions. The realization of automatic driving through various sensors. Except some smart cars equipped with multiple outside sensors can fully perception of information and traffic facilities and to judge whether the vehicles and drivers in danger, has the independent pathfinding, navigation, avoid bump, no parking fees etc. Function. Effectively improve the safe transport of manipulation, reduce the pilot fatigue, improve passenger comfort. Of course battery electric vehicle is the key, the electric car battery mainly has: the use of lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium battery, the battery, sodium sulfide sodium sulfide lithium battery, the battery, the battery, the flywheel zinc - air fuel cell and solar battery, the battery. In many kind of cells, the fuel cell is by far the most want to solve the problem of energy shortage car. Fuel cells have high pollution characteristics, different from other battery, the battery, need not only external constantly supply of fuel and electricity can continuously steadily. Fuel cell vehicles (FCEV) can be matched with the car engine performance and fuel economy and emission in the aspects of superior internal-combustion vehicles.Along with the computer and electronic product constantly upgrading electric car, open class in mature technology and perfected, that drive more safe, convenientand flexible, comfortable. Now, the electric car from ordinary consumers distance is still very far away, only a few people in bandwagon. Electric cars with traditional to compete in the market, the carwill was electric cars and intelligent car replaced. This is the question that day after timing will come. ABS, GPS, and various new 4WD 4WS, electronic products and the modern era, excellent performance auto tacit understanding is tie-in, bring us unparalleled precision driving comfort and safety of driving.First, the development of natural gas vehicleReduce pollution to protect the environment, many countries have issued a series of government regulations and the introduction of a number of incentive policies to promote the development of gas vehicle, such as the development of more stringent vehicle emission standards, in the natural gas supply, car purchase taxes and fees, equipment supply, gas station construction grant funds, tax incentives. or the purchase of alternative fuel vehicles and the construction of stations in detail the provisions of the tax relief, but also enacted a tax cut that the use of natural gas and natural gas companies exempt from motor vehicle fuel sales tax. There are more than 40 states in accordance with the policy of the federal government, law, drawn up on the mandatory state and encourage the use of clean fuel CNG vehicles, such as policies and measures to promote the CNG filling station development and construction of motor vehicles. At present, more than 40 countries around the world have a gas car, mainly in the rich natural gas resources in Italy, New Zealand, Argentina, Brazil and other countries and stricter environmental regulations the United States, Japan and other countries.Second, natural gas vehicle (CNG) fuel and other environmental and economic benefits comparedCompressed natural gas vehicles:20MPa compressed natural gas in the car to compressed natural gas cylinders in use by the supply of internal combustion engine after the pressure reducer.To CNG fuel for vehicles compared with gasoline has the following advantages: l, reduce pollution and improve the atmospheric environment: natural gas is a clean energy, with a high calorific value, high efficiency, pollution, etc., the comparison is totally burned, not carbon deposition, CO, NOx and particulate emissions than gasoline, significantly reduced exhaust pollution. Motor vehicle exhaust is the major source of urban air pollution, one of which is carbon monoxide harmful ingredients (C0), hydrocarbons (HC), nitric oxide (N0) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and so on. According to the data, the use of gas as a motor fuel and gasoline as fuel can reduce emissions compared to 90% CO, 90% S02, 72% HC, 39% NOx, 24% CO2, non-dust emissions, to improve the urban environment has a significant role in .A typical diesel engine and gasoline engine emissions and gas machine is shown in table l.2, CNG vehicle for a higher securityCompared with gasoline, compressed natural gas is a relatively safe fuel. (1) natural gas explosion limit is 5% higher than gasoline (lower explosion limit for the l%) high, methane ignition for 645 ℃, ignition than gasoline high 218 ℃, compared to not ignite. Low density of methane, the relative density of about 0.55, resulting in leakage of gas will soon be distributed in the air, in the case of the natural environment it is difficult to form a hot combustion conditions, once the compressed natural gas from the tank or pipe leaks, leak immediately surrounding the formation of low-temperature zone, so that the difficulties of natural gas combustion. Therefore is a fairly safe CNG motor fuel. Natural gas and fuel properties of gasoline is shown in table 2(2) Department of natural gas vehicle cylinder pressure vessel(20MPa), its materials and manufacture and testing in order that all States have strict control, in China there are "compressed natural gas cylinder vehicle standards)) (GBl7258-1998).Cylinders fitted with explosion-proof facilities, pressure reducer, valves and other equipment, strict standards high, and gas supply system is safe and reliable and will not tip over due to vehicle collision or cause fire or explosion, and the petrol tank of motor vehicles department of non-pressure vessels, fire easily after the explosion.3, will help ease the contradiction between energy supply and demand tension. China's economy is in a stage of rapid development, the number of vehicles to 1 million / year above the rate of increase of a substantial increase in gasoline demand of resources, our need to import large quantities of crude oil per year, refined oil and LPG. Optimize the use of gas carsMotor fuel supply structure has changed only motor fuel gasoline, diesel patterns, not only eased the problem of shortage of petrol and transport services to meet the needs of the development.4, extend engine life. The spread of natural gas to the gas entering the engine, the engine easily and uniformly mixed air, burning the comparison is totally clean; can improve the thermal cycle efficiency, speed up the burning speed, full use of combustion heat; CNG octane number at the same time high performance uprising, when agents do not need to add the uprising will not dilute the lubricating oil, making the parts inside the engine cylinder greatly reduce wear and tear, so that the engine oil life and increase the use of the period. All of these vehicles will reduce maintenance and operating costs, thereby enhancing the economy of the use of vehicles. 5, have a higher economic efficiency. At present, domestic gasolineprices continued to rise, the price system and the world has been the use of CNG vehicle will be able to save nearly 40% of fuel costs, as shown in table 3. Third, CNG cars and filling stations to explore the development of countermeasures In order to speed up the use of natural gas as a clean fuel vehicle development, makes the following recommendations:1, the Government has introduced policies to encourage and support: the development of all countries in the world experience shows that government support is a necessary condition for accelerated development, the impact of its economic policy is an important factor in their development should be guaranteed in law, in the gas automobile production, modification, parts and components production, station construction, vehicle purchase and use of gas, maintenance and other aspects of pricing, taxation, investment, subsidies and other aspects of the preferential policies supporting. Gas prices affect gas vehicle development is an important factor, only the gas prices and gasoline prices when the difference is large enough to form, gas car before the development of an economic foundation and driving force. 2, strengthen leadership, the implementation of unified management.The development of CNG vehicles to the construction of high-quality, convenient filling stations, the need for planning, public security, fire safety, labor, technical support supervisor and other departments.3, in the municipal plan, filling stations and gas stations should be considered co-ordination, rational distribution and coordinated development. To make full use of existing land resources and in ensuring the environmental safety of oil and gas under the premise of building one station.4, followed by motor cars and CNG filling stations in the simultaneous development of the principles, only in the stations into a network under the conditions, CNGvehicle can really develop. At the same time scale of only CNG car to a certain number, the normal operation of filling stations in order to achieve profitability. 5, the strict legal system: the development of stringent vehicle emissions regulations, and make sure that standards are not road vehicles are determined not to be on the qualifications of CNG vehicle Modify-Factroy critical examination, certification. First of all, the city should the city bus, taxi, as the focus of the development of CNG vehicle, bus stop some of the phenomenon of black smoke pollution of the environment.6, step up publicity. At present, natural gas car is still at the initial stage, the public nature of its environmental protection, safety, economy, reliability, do not fully understand, so, it is necessary to carry out a wide range of social advocacy, efforts to increase awareness of the dangers of automobile exhaust, to make people aware of CNG is a clean, safe and economical fuel, so that the development of natural gas vehicles have been recognized by all sectors of society and support.Compressed natural gas vehicles because of its remarkable economic and social benefits the development of the natural gas market will become a new field of applications. More and more importance in the environmental protection situation, along with natural gas resources in the area of the development and application of the widening, which will reduce the environmental pressure is to ease the oil shortage and achieve sustainable development of a reliable guarantee.汽车新能源现状与发展的探究随着世界能源危机的持续，以及战争和能源-----石油的消耗及汽车饱有量的增加，能源在一天一天下降，终有一天它会消失的无影无踪。
(完整版)新能源汽车英文资料翻译
New energy vehiclesNew energy vehicles is a new automotive product type, because the development time is not long, the technology is still not mature, so has not yet formed a widely accepted concept, but it certainly is new energy automobile is compared to the traditional fuel vehicles, the new energy vehicles, according to the definition of the scope of the concept size, there are two types of narrow and broad statement.Generalized: used in gasoline and diesel oil as power source of the car.Special: a non conventional vehicle fuel as the advanced technology of powercontrol and drive, the formation of technology has advanced principle, new technology, new structure of automobile.New energy vehicles, including fuel cell cars, hybrid cars, hydrogen powered cars and solar car etc..Hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle equipped with more than two source:battery, fuel cell, solar cell,Turbine locomotive.The current hybrid vehicles generally refers to the diesel generator, plus battery cars.Advantages:Vehicle starting and stopping, driven only by the battery, do not reach a certain speed,The engine will not work, therefore, can make the engine has been maintained in the best condition, good dynamic performance, very low emissions, and the source and power are the engine, gas can only. Its principle is simply the motor and engine the reasonable arrangement of power output machine.Disadvantages:There are two sets of power,Management control system plus two sets of dynamic,Complex structure,Difficult,The price is high and long distance speed is not fuel-efficient.Pure electric vehicle is composed entirely of rechargeable battery (such as lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries or lithium ion batteries provide power source for car).Pure electric vehicle motor fuel to replace machine, low noise, no pollution,and by the use of electrical energy single, electric control system of hybrid electric vehicle is greatly simplified compared. Reduces the cost, the price also can compensate the battery. Pure electric vehicle is mainly used for the airport, community, courts and other places.Disadvantages: only in certain range, the market is smaller. The main reason is because of various categories, the prevailing prices high, life is short, the size and weight of the large, long charging time, serious shortcomings.Fuel cell vehicles refers to the hydrogen, methanol as the fuel, the current through the chemical reaction, depending on the electric motor driven vehicles. The battery power is through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, rather than through the combustion, directly into electrical energy.The chemical reaction process of fuel cell does not produce harmful products,therefore the fuel cell vehicle is a car without pollution, energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell of high 2 ~ 3 times than the internal combustion engine, so the use of environmental protection and energy, fuel cell vehiclesand is an ideal vehicle.Household car is more and more, oil prices more and more expensive, every car company began to research and development of new energy vehicles.1.IntroductionChery since 2000 we have engaged in the research and development of the new energy vehicles, through more than ten years of independent innovation, the new energy vehicles business experienced three important stages of development; From 2001 to 2005, the company with the national 863 project for the carrier, joint top Chinese universities and research institutes, undertake and completed a number of national 863 electric vehicle research subject, the major projects in just3 years time, complete the ISG moderate hybrid and pure electric vehicles of the rational development model. From 2005 to 2008, approved by ministry of a "by national energy conservation and environmental protection automotive engineering technology research center", based on the basic completion of the new energy vehicles of the industrialization of the research and development, the establishment of a sound energy saving and new energy vehicle development system, the world first-class new energy test center, trial-produce center, in the electric car key components and core technology, the company has formed a set of key parts research, testing, application and industrialization of calibration ability, in the motor, motor drive system, DC/DC, advanced power battery, the battery management system, the vehicle controller, initially forming a batch production ability, have the new energy vehicles, the core technology of the calibration technology and experiment technology. New energy vehicles special vehicle accessories system, including: electric air conditioning, the electric steering (EPS), electric vacuum, electric heating, electronic brake system has been formed series products, with the bulk production ability. The first paragraph A5-BSG hybrid cars in 2008 listed in wuhu, batch, dalian city, as the taxi are greatly welcomed by customers, but also become henan, guangdong, xinjiang, shanxi, fujian, zhejiang and other private user's private cars. Moderate hybrid (ISG) car has entered the small batch production stage, which is DuoGe new energy vehicle demonstration pilot city, as the lease, the first choice of state-owned cars models. Miniature pureelectric vehicles and intermediate pure electric vehicles and miniature electric buses, pure electric taxies, pure electric bus industrialization development also has made a great progress. At the same time, we also pay more attention on high efficiency and energy saving the gasoline engine, the diesel engine technology, flexible fuel automobile technology, strong hybrid technology, fuel cell vehicle technology, comprehensive development, a number of technical are in the leading domestic level. Since 2009, the company launched a new comprehensive energy car large-scale industrialization and application, chery A5ISG, A5BSG, S11EV and S18EV has got a letter issued by the department work products in the country the announcement and saving energy and environmental protection products recommended directory; In January 2009, chery automobile company "energy conservation and environmental protection technology platform construction project" get "country" first prize progress prize in science and technology. In March 2010 the first batch of economical pure electric car delivery customers use and chery new energy vehicle technology Co., LTD. was set up, marked the new energy vehicle company opened a new chapter in the business2.Main discussion1. The advantages of new energy vehicles (strength) analysisThe state information center forecast, China's passenger car market growth situation will continue for at least a further 15 years, annual growth needs roughly equivalent to GDP growth in the 1.5 times or so. In 2009 a car into the family (middle-income families buy have ability). From the qualitative Angle, car market at least will also have 20 years of fast growth. If domestic GDP2020 years than in 2000, around 2020 words to quadruple our country will more than the United States, automobile demand will reach 20 million cars, as the world's largest car market.Since 1988, in fujian province, and become the largest of the special economic zone, the provincial capital of hainan province since the haikou city become haikou city won the top ten cities, and national environmental protection model city, national sanitary city, China excellent tourist city, national garden city, national historical and cultural city, a national civilization city advanced city, the work the comprehensive improvement of the urban environment, "China excellent city living environment prize" and so on the city reputation. Hainan consistent development of the island, environmental protection island is travel health island, new energy, cars are the city's another environmental and health. From the economic development prospects and haikou city car market development scale, in the city to see public transport, taxi, business, environmental sanitation and postal and other public service and other fields, new energy vehicles have a large market space.2.New energy vehicles disadvantages (weakness) analysis(1) the traffic congestion, chaos. Nearly five years motor vehicles and drivers haikou number to sustained growth, road traffic management brought unprecedented pressure. According to information, haikou city road 859 existing with a total length of 1797 km, motor vehicle ownership of 250000 vehicles per day, and are at a 200 rate, of which the amount of private cars is as high as 26%, to the current haikou is obviously can't meet the transportation network of motor vehicle driving demand. Second, the city center area road reconstruction speed slow, to the original road reconstruction is not form system engineering, special is ages ago, DuanTouLu neck road has not been effective reform. Constrain the other major trunk and disperse traffic volume ability. Again, there are pure state road traffic and the lagging problems, such as haikou existing parking lot for cannot accommodate next overmuch vehicles, lead to the driver in some sections on both sides of the parking. This makes originally not wide road become more narrow. There is traffic development, citizens behind haikou travel a single pattern, motorcycles, cars, etc, make travel has become the public preferred way material utilization rate reduced. If the road is sabafish intermediary haikou motorcycles and elegant demeanour car most serious place one of the flood. In the waiting by the shop, packed with motorcycles and elegant demeanour car. They ZhanDao rob guest, obstruct the other vehicles, normal traffic caused easily traffic jam. Haikou traffic police is insufficient, the control points, blind area, people's traffic, too weak, the bus lines concept overlap serious, site layout is not reasonable. Some sections of the serious traffic jam, especially holidays or rush, traffic is chaos.(2) for less than for parking. Data shows, at present, haikou has more than 160000vehicles auto possession, and with more than 20000 cars a year speed increases. The current haikou on an average day with more than 60 new car the road, in a day and added between so many parking obviously is not very practical. In the next few years, whether public or parking garage area will be more strained3.Wide range of reading up to dataHybrid cars advantage is: 1, the hybrid power may according to the average need after the power to determine the maximum power of internal combustion engine, right now in oil consumption is low, less pollution the optimal conditions work. Need high power internal combustion engine power shortage, the battery to supplement; Load for a little while and surplus power can power generation to recharge the battery, due to the internal combustion engine, the battery and sustainable work can constantly, so their trip and charging as ordinary cars. 2, for there is a battery, can be very convenient recycling braking, hill and idle when energy. 3, in the noisy city, can shut by internal combustion engines, battery, to achieve "drive alone zero discharge". 4, with internal combustion engines can be very convenient solve energy consumption of the air conditioning, heating, such as pure electric vehicle defrosting problems met. 5, can use the existing gas station come on, don't have to investment. 6, can let the battery to keep in good working condition, not happened, filling put, prolong the service life, and reduce the cost.Faults: long distance high-speed basic can't save fuel4.PresentationThe essay take about chery Hybird car in china.This kind of car is very useful for every family.because of Hybird car can save petrol .so it’s cheaper than other cars. Sometimes,this kind of cars can use electric it can protect environment also can control the climate change. This very accord with China's national conditions. In the future green cars are very popular to use in the world.翻译新能源汽车作为一种新的汽车产品类型，由于发展时间还不长，技术还不成熟，所以尚未形成一个被广泛认可的概念，但是肯定的是新能源汽车的提出是相对于传统燃料汽车而言的，目前关于新能源汽车的概念根据其定义范围的大小，有狭义和广义两种说法。
电动汽车中英文文献
China Hybrid Electric Vehicle Development With the depletion of oil resources, increase awareness of environmental protection, hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles will become the first decades of the new century, the development of mainstream cars and automobile industry become the consensus of all of the industry. The Chinese government also has the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) specifically listed, including hybrid vehicles, including electric cars of major projects. At present, China's independent innovation of new energy vehicles in the process, adhere to the government support to core technology, key components and system integration focusing on the principles established in hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles as a "three vertical " To vehicle control systems, motor drive systems, power battery / fuel cell for the "three horizontal" distribution of R & D, through close links between production cooperation, China's independent innovation of hybrid cars has made significant progress. With completely independent intellectual property rights form the power system technology platform, established a hybrid electric vehicle technology development. Is the core of hybrid vehicles batteries (including battery management system) technology. In addition, also include engine technology, motor control, vehicle control technology, engine and electrical interface between the power conversion and is also the key. From the current situation, Chinahas established a hybrid electric vehicle power system through Cooperative R & D technology platforms and systems, made a series of breakthroughs for vehicle development has laid a solid foundation. As of January 31, 2009, Technology in hybrid vehicles, China Intellectual Property Office to receive and open for the 1116 patent applications in China. In 1116 patent applications, invention 782 (authority for the 107), utility model for the 334. Mastered the entire vehicle key development, the formation of a capability to develop various types of electric vehicles. Hybrid cars in China in systems integration, reliability, fuel economy and other aspects of the marked progress in achieving fuel economy of different technical solutions can be 10% -40%. Meanwhile, the hybrid vehicle automotive enterprises and industrial R & D investment significantly enhanced, accelerating the pace of industrialization. Currently, domestic automakers have hybrid vehicles as the next major competitive products in the strategic high priority, FAW, Dongfeng, SAIC Motor, Changan, Chery, BYD, etc. have put a lot of manpower, material resources, Hybrid prototyping has been completed, and some models have achieved low-volume market. FAW Group Development Goal: By 2012, the Group plans to build an annual capacity of 11,000 hybrid cars, hybrid bus production base of 1000. FAW Group since 1999 and a new energy vehicles for theoretical research and development work, and the development of a red car performance hybrid sample. "15" period, the FAW Group is committed to the national "863" major project in the "red card in series hybrid electric vehicle research and development" mission, officially began the research and development of new energy vehicles. Beginning in 2006, FAW B70 in the Besturn, based on the technology for hybrid-based research, the original longitudinal into transverse engine assembly engine assembly, using a transverse engine and dual-motor hybrid technology. At the same time, FAW also pay close attention to the engine, mechanicaland electrical integration, transmission, vehicle control networks, vehicle control systems development, the current FAW hybrid electric car has achieved 42% fuel saving effect, reached the international advanced level. Jiefang CA6100HEV Hybrid Electric Bus FAW "Liberation brand CA6100HEV Hybrid Electric Bus" project is a national "863" electric vehicle major projects funded project, with pure electric drive, the engine alone drives (and charge), the joint drive motor starts the engine, and sliding regenerative braking 5 kinds of basic operation. The power hybrid electric bus and economy to the leading level, 38% fuel economy than traditional buses, emissions reduced by 30%. Red Flag CA7180AE hybrid cars Red Flag hybrid cars CA7180AE according to the national "863 Plan" is the first in complete with industrial prospects of the car, it is built on the basis of red car with good performance and operational smoothness. Series which is a hybrid sedan, the luxury car ,0-100km acceleration time of 14s, fuel-effici ent than traditional cars by about 50%, Euro Ⅲ emission standard. Besturn B70 hybrid cars Besturn B70 Hybrid cars using petrol - electric hybrid approach. Dual motor power system programs, mixed degree of 40/103, is all mixed (Full-Hybrid, also known as re-mixed) configurations. Besturn B70 Hybrid cars are petrol version costs two to three times Besturn models, mass production will be gradually reduced after the costs, even if this hybrid version Besturn market, the price certainly higher than the existing Besturn models, but high the price of petrol will not exceed 30% version of Besturn models. SAIC Development Goals: 2010 launch in the mixed hybrid cars, plug-in 2012, SAIC strong mix of cars and pure electric cars will be on the market. In the R & D on new energy vehicles, SAIC made clear to focus on hybrid, fuel cell for the direction, and speed up the development of alternative products. Hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, alternative fuel vehicles as a new energy strategy SAIC three key. 2010 SAIC Roewe 750 hybrid cars in the mix will be put on the market, during the World Expo in Shanghai, SAIC will put 150 hybrid cars in the Expo Line on the River Run. 2012 Roewe 550 plug-in hybrid cars will be strong market, the current car's power system has been launched early development and progress. Apply the new hybrid bus moving on the 1st Apply the new hybrid bus moving on the 1st Academy of Engineering by the SAIC and ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity and other units jointly developed with independent intellectual property rights. Existing cities in the Sunwin Bus Power platform, "the new dynamic application No. 1" uses a parallel hybrid electric vehicle drive program, so that hybrid electric vehicle operating conditions in the electric air-conditioning, steering, braking and other accessories still able to work without additional electric system, while use of super capacitors, to improve starting power, braking energy recovery efficiency, thereby enhancing vehicle dynamic performance, reduce fuel consumption. Car length 10m, width 2.5m, high-3.2m, can accommodate 76 people. Roewe 750 hybrid cars Roewe 750 hybrid cars in the mixed system with BSG (Belt drive start generating one machine), with "smart stop zero-emission" and "environmental protection and the power of both the" two prominent features of a top speed of 205 km / h, the maximum added driving range of up to 500 km. As for the industrialization of SAIC's first own-brand hybrid car, the Roewe 750 hybrid integrated hybrid fuel-efficient cars can achieve rates of around 20%. DongfengMotor Group Development Goals: Plans move into 33 billion in 10 years to develop a range of environmentally friendly hybrid vehicles, including cars. EQ7200HEV hybrid cars EQ7200HEV hybrid cars are "863" project of major projects and major strategic projects of Dongfeng Motor Corporation. The car is EQ7200-Ⅱ model (Fengshen Bluebird cars) is based on an electronically controlled automatic transmission with innovative electromechanical coupling in parallel programs, configure DC brushless motor and nickel-hydrogen batteries, plans to "10 5 "during the industrialization. Industrialization, the vehicle cost more than EQ7200 cars increase in costs ≤ 30%. EQ61100HEV Hybrid Electric Bus EQ61100HEV electric hybrid bus by Dongfeng Vehicle Company Limited Joint Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China Textile Co., Ltd. and Hunan sharp Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd. jointly developed Shenzhou. EQ61100HEV hybrid electric bus with switched reluctance motor, Cummins ISBe1504 cylinder common rail electronic injection diesel engine, new chassis design of the system, electronically controlled automatic transmission and innovative electromechanical coupling parallel program. In the annual output reached 200, the vehicle cost more than the increase in automobile engine equipped with 6CT ≤ 30%. China Changan Development Goals: the next three years, the formation of different grades, different purposes, carry a different system of mixed platforms, weak mix of scale, strong mixed industrial R & D capabilities, covering commercial, A grade, B grade, C grade products. 2014 will achieve sales of new energy vehicles 150 000 2020 sales of new energy vehicles for more than 500,000. "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, Chang-an increased investment in clean energy vehicles, a diversified energy technologies to carry out exploratory research. Environmental protection through energy-saving models continues to introduce new technology to lead the industry to upgrade and fully utilize and mobilize global resources, Chang'an in the middle hybrid cars, hybrid cars and other technological strength of the field are explored. Chang's first hybrid car long Anjie Xun HEV was successfully listed in June 2009; the first batch of 20 hybrid taxis Long An Zhixiang in January of this year officially put into operation in Chongqing. Chery Development Goals: after 2010, more than half of Chery's products carry different levels of hybrid systems. From 2003 to 2008, mainly mixed with moderate Chery hybrid cars and energy saving system development, and industrialization; Chery in Wuhu, a taxi has been carried out on probation, fuel consumption will be reduced by 10% to 30% to reach Europe Ⅳ Standard. Since 2004, Chery hybrid cars mainly for the development of strong and industrialization. Chery hybrid car fuel consumption target to reach 100 km 3 liters, to reach Europe and the United States emissions regulations. Chery A5BSG Chery A5BSG is a weak parallel hybrid electric car, using fuel engines, electric engines complementary mode, the two different power sources in the car while driving to work together or separately, through this combination to achieve the least fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, in order to achieve fuel efficiency and environmental protection purposes. Compared with the conventional car, the car in urban conditions can save 10% -15% of fuel and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 12%, while costs increased by only about 25% -30%. Chery A5ISG Chery A5 ISG hybrid power system consists of "1.3L gasoline engine + 5-speed manual transmission+10 kW motor +144 V Ni-MH battery," the composition of the battery system used by the Johnson Controls developed "plug-in" nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH), motor with permanent magnet synchronous motor and with the motor control system, inverter and DC / DC converters. The system enables the vehicle power to 1.6L displacement level and rate of 30% fuel savings and significantly reduce the emissions of Euro V standards. Cherry A3ISG Chery A3 ISG has 1.3L473F gasoline engine and equipped with 10KW motor. By gasoline engines and electric motors with torque overlay approach to dynamic mixed to provide the best vehicle power operating efficiency and energy saving environmental protection goals. Chery A3 ISG also has Stop_Restart the idling stop function such as flame start to start (BSG function), to reduce red light in the vehicle stopped or suspended when the fuel consumption and emissions expenses. FY 2BSG FY 2 BSG carry 1.5LSQR477F inline four-cylinder engine configuration BSG start / stop and so one electric motor, red light in the vehicle stopped the driver into the gap, it will automatically enter standby mode to turn off the engine, starting moments after the entry block automatically start the engine. FY 2 BSG vehicle average fuel consumption than the 1.5L petrol cars reduce about 5-10%, average fuel consumption can be reduced up to 15%. BYD Auto Development Goal: to electric cars as a transitional mode, the electric car as the ultimate goal, the development of new energy cars BYD. BYD follow the "independent research and development, independent production, independent brand" development path, and the "core technology, vertical integration" development strategy, as the transition to dual-mode electric vehicles, electric vehicles as the ultimate goal, the development of BYD new energy vehicles.国混合动力汽车开展随着石油资源的枯竭、人们环保意识的提高，混合动力汽车及电动汽车将成为新世纪前几十年汽车开展的主流，并成为我国汽车界所有业人士的共识。
新能源汽车英语作文
**The Rise of Electric Vehicles: A Sustainable Future**Electric vehicles (EVs) are transforming the automotive industry and reshaping the future of transportation. As concerns about climate change and environmental sustainability grow, EVs offer a promising alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. Their rise reflects a significant shift toward cleaner and more efficient modes of transportation.**1. Environmental Benefits**One of the most compelling reasons to adopt electric vehicles is their positive impact on the environment. Unlike internal combustion engine vehicles, EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions. This helps reduce air pollution and lowers greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to the fight against global warming. By transitioning to EVs, we can significantly decrease our carbon footprint and improve urban air quality.**2. Technological Advancements**The development of electric vehicles has been driven by rapid technological advancements. Modern EVs are equipped with sophisticated batteries, offering longer ranges and shorter charging times. Innovations such as regenerative braking, which recovers energy during braking, enhance the efficiency of these vehicles. Moreover, the expansion of fast-charging networks is making it easier for drivers to charge their EVs quickly and conveniently.**3. Economic Impact**Electric vehicles also offer economic benefits. While the initial purchase price of an EV may be higher than that of a traditional car, the long-term savings on fuel and maintenance can be substantial. EVs generally have fewer moving parts than gasoline vehicles, leading to lower maintenance costs. Additionally, as battery technology continues to improve and production scales up, the cost of EVs is expected to decrease, making them more accessible to a broader audience.**4. Energy Independence**Electric vehicles can contribute to energy independence by reducing reliance on fossil fuels. EVs can be powered by electricity generated from renewable sources such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric power. This shift not only helps diversify energy sources but also supports the development of a more resilient and sustainable energy infrastructure.**5. Challenges and Future Outlook**Despite their many advantages, electric vehicles face several challenges. The availability of charging infrastructure, battery disposal and recycling, and the environmental impact of battery production are important issues that need to be addressed. However, ongoing research and development are focused on overcoming these challenges. Governments and private companies are investing in charging infrastructure, battery technology, and sustainable practices to support the growth of the EV market.**Conclusion**In summary, electric vehicles represent a significant step toward a more sustainable future. Their environmental benefits, technological advancements, economic advantages, and potential for enhancing energy independence make them a key component in addressing global environmental challenges. As the technology continues to evolve and the infrastructure improves, electric vehicles are likely to become an increasingly integral part of our transportation landscape, paving the way for a cleaner and greener world.。
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新能源汽车外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)电动车：正在进行的绿色交通革命？随着世界上持续的能源危机，战争和石油消费以及汽车数量的增加，能源日益减少，有一天它会消失得无影无踪。
石油并不是可再生资源。
在石油消耗枯竭之前必须找到一种能源与之替代。
随着科技的发展和社会进步，电动车的发明将会有效的缓解这一燃眉之急。
电动汽车将成为理想的交通工具。
面临能源成本居高不下、消费者和政府更加重视环境保护的情况下，世界汽车制造商正加大对可替代能源性混合动力汽车技术的开发投资。
该技术能极大削减燃料消费，减少温室气体排放。
许多人把目光投向了日本和美国的汽车制造商，关心他们开发混合动力和电池电动车的进展情况。
丰田普锐斯一跃成为世界上销量最好的混合动力车。
美国的新兴汽车制造商，Tesla Motors，推出了该公司首部电池电力车，名为Tesla Roadster。
截至2010年底，通用汽车公司计划推出备受赞誉的V olt混合动力汽车，而克莱斯勒公司最近已经宣布同样的计划正在进行之中。
目前，中国在新能源汽车的自主创新过程中，坚持了政府支持，以核心技术、关键部件和系统集成为重点的原则，确立了以混合电动汽车、纯电动汽车、燃料电池汽车为“三纵”，以整车控制系统、电机驱动系统、动力蓄电池/燃料电池为“三横”的研发布局，通过产学研紧密合作，中国混合动力汽车的自主创新取得了重大进展。
形成了具有完全自主知识产权的动力系统技术平台，建立了混合动力汽车技术开发体系。
混合动力汽车的核心是电池（包括电池管理系统）技术。
除此之外，还包括发动机技术、电机控制技术、整车控制技术等，发动机和电机之间动力的转换和衔接也是重点。
从目前情况来看，中国已经建立起了混合动力汽车动力系统技术平台和产学研合作研发体系，取得了一系列突破性成果，为整车开发奠定了坚实的基础。
截止到2009年1月31日，在混合动力车辆技术领域，中国知识产权局受理并公开的中国专利申请为1116件。
在1116件专利申请中，发明为782件（授权为107件）、实用新型为334件。
同美国、日本、中国以及和其他国家一样，欧洲的一部分国家也宣布了关于采用推广电动车的大胆的计划，包括财政激励、资助电池和电动车的研究、还有关于充电基础设施的调配分布计划。
像伦敦和巴黎这样的主要城市已经宣布了电动车共享系统，而拥有大型自有车队的公共管理部门和公司需要采购电动车。
与此同时，公用事业、汽车制造商、电池生产商和学者等共同参与发起了如欧盟电动汽车工作队和EpoSS——欧洲技术平台的智能系统一体化等项目。
协同欧洲投资银行一起，欧盟委员会已经推出了欧洲绿色汽车计划，这50亿欧元将部分地投入在电池和电动车的研究、开发、制造、以及示范项目上。
这一阵活动似乎表明，电动汽车最终将是一个重大突破。
但是这次，它会在这里停滞不前吗？历史告诉我们要谨慎。
电动汽车早在1883年就开始生产了——比内燃机汽车早52年。
然而，1913年以后，内燃机的大规模商业化导致电动汽车快速下降。
在过去几十年里，尝试重新引入电动汽车的努力大部分未获成功，它们仍然代表一个非常小的利基市场。
电动汽车未来发展的重大问题之一是电池性能的改良速度。
钗电池严重限制了电动汽车的性能，因为相比内燃机汽车，钗电池为整个汽车平添了220公斤的重量。
当今的大多数客用汽车都在城市行驶，因此在通常情况下路途较短、速度较慢，所以这一问题似乎并不像欧美等其他市场那样严峻，因为那里的平均行驶路程更长，最高速度也更快。
电动汽车技术的持续研发正大幅改善着汽车的性能。
美国A123Systems公司，世界最大的高能钗电池生产商之一，宣布汽车每次充电后，电池能够驱动汽车行驶200公里。
东芝公司最近也宣布正式推出超级充电电池，而这种电池在j分钟以内就可以充满90%的电量。
但是今天，未来看起来更加光明：电池技术已经取得许多重大进展，电动车有望在未来几年内大规模重新进入市场。
基于适度增长情况的假定，到2050年，电动车会在新销售额中占有超过60％的比例，并构成25％的全球汽车车队。
不过，由于现在还有一些相关技术开发和未来消费者行为的不确定性，对未来部署规模的估计会有很大变动。
电动汽车的一大好处是减少排放到大气中的温室气体。
当我们计算可替代能源动力汽车技术的碳减排总量时，不仅计算机车排放的CO2总量，而且还包括机车在整个生命周期的排放数量，从发电直到燃料运输时产生的CO2排放都包含在其中。
2008年8月，麦肯锡全球团队研究了北美、欧洲、中国和印度的乘用车行业。
团队基于现有技术和商业运行可行性选取并研究了四种可替代能源汽车技术。
他们通过与传统的消耗汽油或柴油的内燃机(ICE)汽车进行对比。
改良型汽油和朱油动力汽车:传统内燃机(ycE)汽车采用了减排技术，如采用有助于引擎高效燃油的可变换阀门控制、通过降低摩擦节约燃料的低滚动阻力轮胎。
改良型内燃机动力汽车在其生命周期中可能减少51%的碳排放量。
全混合动力汽车:全混合动力汽车主要消耗汽油，而在加速时以电池驱动。
汽车的动力来源主要依靠内燃机。
再加上上述内燃机改进技术，全混合动力汽车在其生命周期中可能减少50%的碳排放量。
压缩天然气(CNG)汽车:压缩天然气汽车一般被认为是采用清洁能源的车型，但在其生命周期中的碳减排空间完全取决于天然气来源——天然气运输距离越远，该车型“从油井到油箱”的排放量就越。
假设天然气来自当地气源，压缩天然气汽车在生命源大周期中碳减排量和混合动力汽车接近，为55%。
电动汽丰:电动汽车包括插电混合动力汽车(PHEV)和电池电动汽车(BEV)。
与全混合动力汽车相比，插电混合动力汽车装有更大的电池，因此使得汽车可以在没有内燃机的辅助下所行路程更远。
这种汽车可以用标准插座充电，只需内燃机提供少许动力。
电池电动汽车一直要电池提供动力，而不需要内燃机机制的帮助。
可虑到中国依赖谋电站发电，当今的电动汽车依靠现在的内燃机技术只能够有减少19%碳排放量的空间;然而，如果在电力供应方面使能源构成更加多元化，并向可替代能源转变的话，碳减排量会增加至49%。
虽然电动汽车具有零尾气排放的特点，但是，在电力生产过程中会有排放。
比如说，倘若没有采用新动力汽车技术的协同行动，中国乘用车的CO2排放水平到2030年可达12亿吨。
然而，我们的研究显示，中国可以通过采用各种可替代动力汽车技术实现高达45%的乘用车减排量。
对比其他的动力汽车技术，电动汽车的减排空间似乎较小。
全混合动力汽车的减排量可达56%，但是电动汽车只有19%的减排空间。
原因是中国仍然依靠火电站提供高达85%的电量供应。
但是，如果可替代能源到2030年占中国电力供应的50%，那么电动汽车的碳减排空间则可提高至49%，即大体上与其他技术的减排水平相当。
原因是，中国仍然依靠火电站提供高达85%的电量供应。
由此也可以衍生出电动汽车的一个另一个好处是将城市中有害的空气污染―位移‖到农村地区，那里的人口暴露较低；噪音水平也较低，特别是在城市的驾驶条件。
电动车的另一个主要优势是能源效率。
拥有60%—80%的―油箱到车轮‖效率，使得电动车优于传统汽车四倍。
总的来说，电动车在低速和频繁换挡的情况下显示出了强大的节能功效，这也是城市成为主要目标市场的另一个原因。
电动汽车也将为软件开发商带来机遇。
电力机车需要安装提示司机有关汽车重要数据状态的电子界面，包括燃料电池的使用情况、GPS导航系统的每秒更新等等。
由风险投资支持的新兴公司Better Place正在开发一种名为AutOS的综合信息管理系统，该系统可以告知司机最近的电池充电站的位置以及其他信息。
虽然燃料电池和其他相关技术在大幅降低CO2排放量方面前景广阔，但是其商业应用仍尚需时日。
然而，投资电动汽车并不意味着汽车制造商和供应商应该停止对其他技术的研究。
反而，他们应该保持一种平衡的技术组合，即将电动汽车作为近期的解决方案，而将其他技术，如燃料电池等，视为长期的解决方案。
因为一旦上述技术具有商业可行性时，将会带来可观的回报。
感谢其能源效率，如果发电在未来将更加环保，电动汽车将有助于温室气体的大幅减少。
鉴于对气候变化进行的考虑，这可能被证明是一个重要因素。
事实上，交通对欧盟的温室气体排放量需要负五分之一以上的责任，并且它是排放量不断增长的唯一部门。
虽然改善内燃机仍有可能减少每公里驾驶的排放量，但要使温室气体排放减少50％以上，就需要新的技术解决方案，如电动车。
相对于传统的汽车，并在目前欧洲平均电力供应的基础上，电动汽车有50％的更少的排放量。
如果随着更多的绿色和可再生能源的使用，发电的碳强度持续下降，则可以进一步获益。
电动车似乎终于到了发生重大突破的临界点，尤其是它能够在城市中提供巨大的环境效益。
创新的商业模式即将到来，这必将提升消费者的接受度。
然而，绿色电力供应仍存在一些障碍：昂贵的电池技术，有限的驾驶范围，和对于电动充电设施密集网络的需要。
为了克服这些障碍，创新的商业模式正在发展，以便助于转变汽车运输。
原文：The electric car — a green transport revolution in the making?As the world's continuing energy crisis, and war and oil consumption and energy ----- car full with the amount of increase, decrease energy day by day, one day it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not living resources. Oil consumption in the net must be to find a substitute before. With the development of technology and social progress, the invention of the electric vehicles will be effective help ease the financial difficulty. Electric cars will become the ideal means of transport.Faced with high energy costs and rising consumer and government concern over the fate of the environment, the world's automakers are stepping up investment in the development of alternative power train technologies that promise to substantially cut fuel consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Much attention to-date has focused on advances by Japanese and American automakers in the development of hybrid and battery electric vehicles. Toyota's,Prius has emerged as the best-selling hybrid car in theworld. TesIa Motors, a US-based start-up, has launched its first battery electric vehicle, the Tesla Roadster. By the end of 2010, GM plans to launch its much-touted V olt hybrid, while Chrysler has recently announced similar plans.The Chinese government also has the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) specifically listed, including hybrid vehicles, including electric cars of major projects. At present, China's independent innovation of new energy vehicles in the process, adhere to the government support to core technology, key components and system integration focusing on the principles established in hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles as a "three vertical "Several European countries as well as U.S,Japan,China and others, have recently announced bold plans for the introduction of electric vehicles. These include fiscal incentives, funding research on batteries and electric vehicles and plans for the deployment of a charging infrastructure. Major cities such as London and Paris have announced electric car-sharing systems, while public administrations and companies using large captive fleets are purchasing electric vehicles.At the same time, utilities, car manufacturers, battery producers and academics are joining forces on initiatives such as the EURELECTRIC Task Force on Electric Vehicles and EpoSS, the European Technology Platform on Smart Systems Integration. Together with the EuropeanInvestment Bank the European Commission has launched the European Green Cars Initiative, with EUR 5 billion partly dedicated to the research, development and manufacturing of batteries and electric cars and to demonstration projects.This flurry of activity seems to indicate that the electric car is heading for a major breakthrough at last - but is it here to stay this time? History calls for caution. The production of electric vehicles began as far back as 1838 – 52 years before combustion engine vehicles. However, after 1913 the mass commercialization of the combustion engine led to a rapid decline in electric vehicles. Attempts to reintroduce electric vehicles in past decades have for the most part been unsuccessful and they still represent a very small, niche market.One of the biggest issues facing the potential take-up of electric vehicles is the rate of improvement in the performance of electric vehicle batteries.The biggest drag on electric vehicle performance comes from the lithium-ion battery, which can add another 220 kilograms to the total weight of a car, versus an ICE-powered vehicle.Since most passenger vehicles in China today are driven in urban areas, where shorter distances and slower speeds are the norm, this may not prove to be as vexing an issue as it is in other markets such as the US or Europe, where the average driving distance and top speed are considerably longer and higher. Continued research and development into electricbattery technology is generating promising improvements in performance. US-based A123Systems,one of the world's largest producers of high-power lithium-ion batteries,Announced a battery capable of powering a car for 200 kilometers between charges. Toshiba recently announced the commercial launch of its Super Charge battery, which can be charged to 90 percent capacity in less than five minutes.Yet today the future looks brighter. A great deal of progress has been made in battery technology and electric vehicles are expected to re-enter the market on a large scale within the next couple of years. Based on a moderate growth scenario, by 2050, electric vehicles could represent more than 60%of new sales and constitute up to 25% of the global car fleet. However, estimates of the extent of future deployment vary greatly, as there is still some uncertainty in relation to the development of technology and future consumer behavior.One of the primary benefits of electric vehicles is, of course, the reduction of Green house gases emitted into the atmosphere. Our calculation of the total carbon abatement potential of alternative power train technologies counted not only the CO2 emissions that vehicles produce, but also emissions produced through out their entire life-cycle, from the CO2 emitted during the generation of electric power through to the transportation of fuel.Over a period of 8 months in 2008, a global McKinsey teamstudied the passenger vehicle industries in North America, Europe, China, and India. The team examined four power train technology alternatives, chosen on the basis of existing technologies and their near-term commercial feasibility. They contrasted them to conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles that run on gasoline or diesel.Full hybrid vehicles: Running primarily on gasoline, full hybrids are powered by a battery during acceleration of the vehicle, but draw most of their power from an internal combustion engine. Full hybrids, equipped with ICE improvement technologies mentioned above, have a life-cycle carbon abatement potential of 56 percent.Compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles: CNG vehicles are normally perceived to be a source of clean energy, but their life cycle carbon abatement potential depends wholly on the source of the gas一the greater the distance the gas needs to be transported, the higher this power train's "well-to-tank" emissions. CNG cars rank close to hybrids in their life-cycle carbon abatement potential at 55 percent, assuming the gas comes from local sources.Electric vehicles: Electric vehicles include plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV). Compared with full hybrids, plug-in hybrid vehicles contain a much bigger battery that can power the vehicle for a longer distance without the aid of an internal combustion engine, can be recharged by plugging them into standardelectric sockets, and derive a smaller proportion of their propulsion from the internal combustion engine. Can be recharged by plugging them into standard electric sockets, and derive a smaller proportion of their propulsion from the internal combustion engine. Battery electric vehicles run solely on battery power without the aid of any internal combustion mechanism. Given reliance on coal-fired plants for electricity.electric vehicles today only have a 19 percent carbon abatement potential over current internal combustion engine technologies; however, this can be increased to as much as 49 percent if diversifies its energy mix towards alternative energy sources for its supply of electric power.Electric vehicles have zero tailpipe emissions, but there are, of course, emissions involved in the production of electricity. As an example,with no concerted action to adopt new power train technologies, the level ofCO2 emissions from passenger cars in China could reach nearly 1.2 billion tons in 2030. However, our research showed that by adopting a mix of various alternative power train technologies, China could cut emissions from passenger vehicles by up to 45 percent. Relative to other power train technologies, electric vehicles demonstrate a some what weaker carbon abatement potential. While full hybrid cars have an abatement potential of 56 percent, electric vehicles' potential stands at 19 percent. This can be explained by the fact that China still relies on coal-fired plants for as much as 85 percent of itselectricity supply. This can be explained by the fact that China still relies on coal-fired plants for as much as 85 percent of its electricity supply.It also can blossom into another electric car benefits of electric vehicles is the ―displacement ―of harmful air pollutants from urban to rural areas, where population exposure is lower. Noise levels are also lower, particularly in urban driving conditions.Another major advantage of electric vehicles is their energy efficiency. With a tank-to-wheel efficiency in the range of 60 to 80 %, they outperform conventional cars four-fold. Generally, electric vehicles show greatest energy savings at low speeds and in situations involving frequently-changing driving dynamics, which is another reason why cities are a prime target market.Electric vehicles will also create opportunities for software developers. Electric vehicles require an electronic interface that informs the driver of the status of the car's vital statistics, from fuel and battery usage, to split-second updates in GPS navigation systems. Venture-backed start-up Better Place is developing a comprehensive information management system it calls AutOS.that will, among other things, inform the driver of the nearest battery-charging stations.While other technologies such as fuel cells hold great promise in reducing CO2 emissions, its commercial application remains years away.Investing in electric vehicles, however, does not mean Chinese OEMs and suppliers should stop their research into other technologies. Rather, they should maintain a balanced technology portfolio, with electric vehicles being a near-term solution, while viewing other technologies such as fuel cells as a potential long-term solution that could yield returns once the technology becomes commercially viable.Thanks to their energy efficiency, and assuming that electricity generation will be even greener in the future, electric vehicles could contribute to a considerable reduction in greenhouse gases. Given the ongoing debate on climate change, this could prove to be an important factor. Indeed, transport is responsible for more than a fifth of the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions and it is the only sector with growing emissions. While the improvement of internal combustion engines still offers considerable potential for reducing emissions per kilometer driven, reductions in greenhouse gas emissions over and above 50 % will require new technological solutions, such as the electric vehicle.Compared to conventional vehicles, and based on the current average European electricity supply, electric vehicles have 50 % less emissions. Further benefits can be achieved if the carbon intensity of power generation continues to decrease with further greener and renewable energy sources.The electric car finally seems to be on the verge of breaking through, offering significant environmental benefits, especially in urban areas. There are, however, still some obstacles related to green electricity supply, the as yet expensive battery technology, the limited driving range and the need for a dense network of electric charging facilities. To overcome these obstacles, innovative business models are being developed to help transform automotive transport.。