枪瞄的技术参数说明
枪瞄基础知识
枪瞄基础知识什么是出瞳距离以最直观的语言来说;光学瞄准镜系统中存在一个光孔,只有肉眼进入这个光孔才能看到所成的像,而只有进入这个光孔一定距离才能看到最清晰的全屏成像。
这个距离就是出瞳距离。
任何光学观察器材都有出瞳距离,所不同的是伽利略望远系统的望远镜他的出瞳距离一般肉眼贴上目镜就可,而采用开普勒望远系统的光学瞄准镜为了防止武器后坐瞄准镜撞伤使用者的肉眼,所以出瞳距离离开目镜一定距离。
有少部分的军事枪瞄带有眼罩,这个眼罩在防止外部光线分散使用者注意力的同时,本身也起到了一个固定出瞳距离的作用(即,贴上眼罩眼睛离开目镜的距离就是设计的出瞳距离)瞄准镜的倍率倍率越大的瞄准镜视场越小,不宜于快速捕捉目标。
如果近距离使用大倍率反而一下子难以发现目标。
一般而言,100米内距离情况下使用枪瞄,4倍是一个常用倍率,使用的话3-6倍范围即可。
但如果中远距离使用可以使用大倍率的倍数,视情况可以乃至24倍。
理论上倍率越高准确性也越强,但是倍率高的枪瞄要达到准确性工艺要求复杂.成本也明显提升!没有特别的规定一定说*倍一定适用多少距离.完全看环境因素(因为倍率越大,枪瞄的光照度也越少,视场也越小,如果环境光线本来不强的情况下虽然距离远但仍采用特别高倍数的枪瞄那么就很难观察!)和个人习惯程度决定!调节旋钮优质的枪瞄都带有防震动调节旋钮,每调节一格就会有一咔哒个声音。
每个调节盘上会注明英文。
比如说标注为1CLICK O 1/4"YD 他的意思即为每调节一格(即一咔哒个声音量)100码外移动量为1/4英寸。
英寸,码与cm,m之间的转化详细资料清自己翻阅。
当然还有不少枪瞄标注为1CLICK O 1/2"YD 或者 1CLICK O 1/8"YD ,他们的含义就是每调节一格(即一咔哒个声音量)100码外移动量为1/2英寸或者1/8英寸,英寸数越小瞄准镜远距离精度越高,但通常近距离区别不大1码 (yd)= 0.9144米(m) = 914.4mm光学瞄准镜如何实现放大光学瞄准镜绝大多数是采用开普勒望远系统,即由1片凸透镜为物镜,2片正像透镜为中心镜片,分化板丝,2片目镜构成的。
瞄准镜技术参数说明
枪瞄的技术参数说明光学镀膜(Coating):在镜片表面镀膜可以减少镜片带来的反光和光的损失,并减少眼睛疲劳程度。
镀膜一般是氟镁化物。
镀膜的层数越多光学性能越好。
镀膜的种类分为下面几种:镀膜:至少在一块透镜上进行单层镀膜全镀膜:在所有空气接触的镜片上进行单层镀膜多层镀膜:至少在一块透镜上多层镀膜,所有镀膜至少镀一次多层全镀膜:在所有接触空气的镜面上多层镀膜出瞳直径(Exit Pupil):瞄准镜目镜前,可视范围直径,出瞳直径越大映像越明亮。
测量的方法就是物镜大小除以放大倍数,例如:3-9x40的出瞳直径就是4.44mm-13.33mm。
(可以忽略不用)出瞳距(Eye Relief):也叫出瞳距离,它是眼睛距离目镜之间的距离。
有这个距离主要有两个原因,第一是因为瞄准镜主要用于真铁,存在巨大的后坐力,如果眼睛直接接触目镜的话那就会受到损伤;第二,瞄准镜采用倒像和开普勒望远系统,只有眼睛离开目镜一定的距离,观测时眼睛、目镜和物镜尽量保持在一直线上,大倍率观测时尽量不要直接手持(瞄准镜并不是望远镜),这样才能获得最大、最圆和最亮的观察效果;眼睛间隙会随着倍数的变化会稍有改变。
视场(Filed of View):瞄准镜所能看到的视野范围,一般以100码或100米作参照。
大的视场可以在体育竞技和运动目标提供更多的支持。
视场值以角度单位表示,通常越高的倍率的情况视场越小。
精度调节(Precision Adjustment):MOA(Mintune of Anger的缩写)是调节螺钉咔嚓值的单位,瞄准镜中间部位的两个旋钮是精度调节,一般有Up标记的是调节垂直上下方向,学术上称之为“仰角调节”,另一个印有R的是调节水平左右方向,称之为“风偏调节”。
一般说来,有3种形式的调节手轮,即100码一个咔塔声移动1/2英寸、1/4和1/8英寸,1/2主要用于内红点和低倍瞄准镜,而需要精确瞄准的大变倍瞄准镜一般都采用1/8手调。
手枪实用射击瞄准技术
手枪实用射击瞄准技术关于瞄准,不管有没有玩过真枪,很多人都多少熟悉,至少知道三点一线什么的。
今天店铺给大家分享一些手枪实用射击瞄准技术的相关知识,希望对大家有所帮助。
一、基本瞄准技术基本瞄准就是常说的三点一线,还有就是准星缺口平正。
仔细理解这两句话的话对正确完成瞄准是有帮助的,我们这里就此展开讨论。
三点一线指的是目标中心,准星顶部中心和缺口顶部中心在一条直线上。
瞄准的难度在于三点在同一直线比较困难,那就先看两点。
几何定理中一条是两点可以确定一直线。
这个比较容易理解也容易做到,看到第一点再对向第二点就成了,不管这第一第二点是缺口准星,或是准星目标,还是缺口目标。
三点一线的话就要先做到两点一线,然后保持两点一线不变,再将第三点放到这一直线上来。
和目标与枪的距离相比,准星与缺口的距离非常近,再加上完全在自己手中控制,要做到这两点一线应该不难。
在瞄准之前,眼睛面对的方向应该是正对目标的,枪抬起准星缺口两点一线完成后,目标就应该多少在这个两点一线的附近,当枪移到正确位置使得目标也在这条线上,瞄准就完成了。
但是你会立刻发现无依托的持枪没有可能使这个瞄准线稳定,三点中不断会有至少一点偏出瞄准线而需要重新调整。
这个现象使得很多人顾此失彼,要么容易疲劳,要么在三点一线的一瞬间猛扣扳机而彻底打偏。
1.瞄准点和弹着点在手枪实际射程内,校过的枪的瞄准点和弹着点基本符合,不同的子弹不同的弹头重量等差别会是弹着点略有偏差,但不至于有刻意调整瞄准点的必要。
要注意的一点是不同厂家瞄具设计会有不同,美国的手枪多用准星顶端中心作为瞄准点,上面的瞄准视图就是如此;欧洲很多手枪使用准星上的圆点作为瞄准点。
这个不同在近距离差别不大,但在25米距离弹着点就会产生很大差别。
所以新枪都要自己仔细试射来决定是否有调整瞄具的需要。
实战用的手枪瞄具为了坚固耐用,大都是不能随意调整的。
有些直接在套筒上加工成形的简单瞄具除了用锉刀锉短准星没有太大改动余地。
尼康P-223步枪瞄准镜说明书
3x32 Fig. 1-11Objective Lens2Eyepiece Lens3Elevation Adjustment Turret 4Windage Adjustment Turret 5Eyepiece Adjustment6Power Index Dot*7Power Scale*8Power Selector Ring*3-9x40Fig. 1-2(4) Zero setting of the Elevation and Windage Adjustment TurretsThe elevation/windage adjustment turrets have a pop-up adjusting system. After the reticle has been adjusted to the point of impact, pull out the adjusting turret. The adjusting turret can now be turned freely. Align the zero number to the index line to set the zero setting, and then release the turret. The turret automatically retracts to the original position.Note:T he windage and elevation scales of the P-223 rifl escope 3x32 and 3-9x40 are calibrated in divisions of 1/4 minute of angle with a click at intervals of 1/4 minute of angle. When adjusting the reticle to the point of aim, remember that one minute of angle equals approximately one inch (2.54 cm) at 100 yards (91.44 m).Therefore, if the impact point is two inches (5.08 cm) low and one inch (2.54 cm) right at 100 yards (91.44 m) parallax setting, you should adjust two minutes of angle up one minute of angle left. In case of 50 yards (45.72 m) parallax setting the adjusting value is double. In case of 75 yards (68.58 m) parallax setting is 1.5 times.(2) Magnifi cationT he P-223 rifl escope 3x32 has a fi xed magnifi cation of 3x.T he P-223 rifl escope 3-9x40 has a variable magnifi cation from 3 to 9x.To change powers, just rotate the power selector ring until the desired magnifi cation appears adjacent to the power index dot.(3) Adjustment of the rifl escopeSighting through the rifl escope, align the rifl e with your aiming point on the target and shoot a trial round. If the bullet does not hit the aiming point, adjust the elevation and windage adjustment turrets as follows: I f the bullet hits under the aiming point, turn the elevation adjustment turret (counter-clockwise) in the direction of the arrow marked “U” for up. If the bullet hits high, turn the turret (clockwise) in the direction of the arrow marked “D” for down.I f the bullet hits to the right of the aiming point, turn the windage adjustment turret (clockwise) in the direction of the arrow marked “L” for left. If the bullet hits to the left of the aiming point, turn the turret (counter-clockwise) in the direction of the arrow marked “R” for right.(4) Eyepiece AdjustmentThis adjustment is permanently lubricated. Do not attempt to lubricate it.(5) Power Selector RingNo lubrication is required for the power selector ring. Do not pull up or remove the rubber covering on the zoom ring.Waterproof models:The rifl escope is waterproof, and will suff er no damage to the optical system if submerged or dropped in water to a maximum depth of 1 meters for up to 10 minutes.The rifl escope off ers the following advantages:C an be used in conditions of high humidity, dust and rain without risk of damage. N itrogen-fi lled design makes it resistant to condensation and mold.Observe the following precautions when using the rifl escope: T he rifl escope should not be operated nor held in running water. A ny moisture should be wiped off before adjusting movable parts (adjustment turret, eyepiece, etc.) of the rifl escope to prevent damage and for safety reasons.To keep your rifl escope in optimal condition, Nikon Vision recommends regular servicing by an authorized dealer.Maintenance(1) Lens cleaningTo remove dirt or fi ngerprints, soak gauze or lens cleaning paper (silicone free paper sold at camera retailers) with a small quantity of absolute alcohol (available from drugstores) and lightly wipe off the aff ected areas. Wiping with handkerchief or leather may damage the lens surface and is not recommended.Dust may scratch the lens surface or corrode the lens.Brush dust off using a soft oil-free brush.(2) Scope ExteriorUse a soft dry cloth to wipe off any dirt or fi ngerprints that might accumulate.It is not necessary to oil the scope’s surface.(3) Windage/Elevation Adjustment TurretsThese adjustment turrets are permanently lubricated. Do not attempt to lubricate them.。
枪械的机瞄原理是什么
枪械的机瞄原理是什么枪械的机瞄原理是利用机械装置将瞄准点与枪支的瞄具对准,使枪械运动与目标运动的间隔能够达到最小,从而提高枪械的射击精度。
机瞄原理可以分为弹道学原理和机械学原理两个方面。
一、弹道学原理在机瞄中,弹道学原理是指通过计算弹道学参数,如弹道曲线和弹道飘移等,来确定瞄准点和目标的相对位置。
常见的弹道学参数包括射程、初速度、下坠量、风速、风向等。
1. 射程:射程是弹丸从枪口射出到地面命中目标的距离。
射程的计算可以根据枪械的特性和弹丸的物理参数进行推算。
2. 初速度:初速度是弹丸离开枪口时的速度。
初速度的大小取决于推进药的装填量、药量和火药的性质。
3. 下坠量:下坠量是弹丸在飞行过程中因受到重力作用而下降的距离。
下坠量的大小取决于弹丸的初速度、射程和飞行时间。
4. 风速和风向:风速和风向是机瞄过程中需要考虑的外部环境因素。
风速和风向会对弹丸的飞行轨迹产生影响,需要在机瞄调整中加以考虑。
通过计算弹道学参数,机瞄系统能够准确预测弹丸的飞行轨迹,从而提供正确的瞄准点,帮助射手准确瞄准目标。
二、机械学原理在机瞄中,机械学原理是指通过机械装置将瞄准点与枪支的瞄具对准,以减小枪械运动与目标运动的间隔,从而提高射击精度。
1. 枪械的瞄具:枪械的瞄具包括瞄准镜、前瞄装置和后瞄装置等。
瞄准镜能够放大目标,提供更清晰的视觉效果,方便射手进行瞄准。
前瞄装置和后瞄装置用于对准瞄准点和目标,使二者重合。
2. 瞄准点的调整:机瞄系统通常具有瞄准点的调整功能。
通过调整瞄准点的位置,可以使其与枪械的瞄具对准,从而实现瞄准点和目标的重合。
3. 瞄准点和目标的对准:通过瞄准镜或瞄具,射手可以将瞄准点和目标重合,确保枪械射击的准确性。
总结起来,枪械的机瞄原理是基于弹道学和机械学的原理。
通过计算弹道学参数,确定瞄准点和目标的相对位置;通过机械装置,将瞄准点与枪支的瞄具对准,减小射击误差,提高射击精度。
机瞄系统在现代枪械中具有重要的应用价值,能够帮助射手在各种环境条件下实现精准射击。
eotech553参数
eotech553参数
EOTech 553是一款非常流行的军用和警用瞄准镜,它具有许多
优秀的参数。
首先,它采用了反射式瞄准技术,这意味着它使用一
个光学反射面来显示瞄准点,而不是传统的透镜系统。
这种技术使
得瞄准镜在各种光线条件下都能提供清晰的瞄准点,包括低光和强
光环境。
其次,EOTech 553具有快速瞄准能力,它的设计使得射手可以
快速获取瞄准点并进行射击,这对于战斗环境下的应用非常重要。
此外,它还具有多种亮度设置,以适应不同光线条件下的使用需求。
另外,EOTech 553还具有防水和防震功能,这使得它非常适合
恶劣的战场环境。
它还可以在枪支上快速安装并调整,这使得它成
为许多专业射手和军警人员的首选。
总的来说,EOTech 553是一款高性能的瞄准镜,具有反射式瞄
准技术、快速瞄准能力、多种亮度设置、防水防震功能和易于安装
等优秀参数,使其成为许多专业人员青睐的选择。
红外激光瞄准器参数
红外激光瞄准器型号:WY7-
性能指标
红外激光波长
830mm
激光功率
3mw
光点大小
3cm(30m处)
工作电流
小于50mA
调整范围
高低不小于±15密位;方向不小于±15密位
调整精度
每档0.5密位
工作温度
-20℃~+40℃
工作电压
2.6~
3.2V(直流)
电源
一节CR123A型锂电池
重量
(3V)200g
体积
142*46*46mm3
产品说明:红外激光瞄准器是一种轻便的主动式夜间目标指示瞄准器材。
通过红外激光管发射一束红外激光,经聚光系统聚光后,通过滤光片滤波,形成一束通过头盔式夜视观察镜可观察到的直径细小的红外激光束。
红外激光束在目标上形成一明亮光点,配合头盔式夜视观察镜使用,
达到观察和瞄准目标的目的。
可配装在79式轻型冲锋枪等枪械上,配合头盔式夜视观察镜使用,在夜间能对50m左右距离内的目标进行精确的瞄准。
瞄准镜基本部件及其功能简介
瞄准镜基本部件及其功能简介瞄准镜是一种精密的仪器,用户拿到手里后首先要清楚瞄准镜上哪些是可以动的,哪些是不能随便拧动的。
并且其功能是什么。
一:目镜组前面的屈光度调节圈. 功能:由于射击者的视力每人均有不同的差异,比如有的正常,有的近视,有的老花,通过目镜组的屈光度调节圈,可以改变目镜组的光路,使之和使用者的视力匹配。
注意:有的型号的屈光度调节圈内部没有限位装置,不能拧得太出来,轻则密封圈脱落,重则调节镜筒拧掉并脱落。
二:弹道调节用的护盖:除了一些军用瞄具外,民用瞄具多数护盖来保护内部的弹道调节钮,校枪完成后,应立即盖上,来保护镜子内部不会进水或尘。
一般而方,这种盖子全用的铝制,并以英制螺纹车制,拧上拧下时要小心。
因为英制螺纹易滑牙。
三:弹道调节钮功能:调节子弹落点的高低和左右偏差。
弹道调节方法:高低调整:反时针拧动表盘,弹着点会向上移;顺时针拧动表盘,弹着点会向下降;左右调整:反时针拧动表盘,弹着点会向左移;顺时针拧动表盘,弹着点会向右移;四:物镜组调节环。
说到物镜组调节环,要先谈视差视差的产生:由于观测和射击目标时目标远近不同,有的可能是在100M处,有的可能是在1000M处,这样一来,瞄准不同距离的目标时,物镜组的成像焦点和分划板的距离也不是绝对固定的,根据射距远近的变化,在一定的范围内分划线会和物镜的成像焦点会产生不重合的情况,当眼睛在出瞳距处上下左右动时,十字丝也会随眼睛上下左右移动会动。
这种就是所谓的视差。
视差和分划板的关系:所以枪瞄在出厂前,厂方会将物镜焦点定在最常用的射击距离上,所以在相对的的距离上,是不存在视差的,也就是说十字丝不会随射手的眼上下左右的动,但超过工厂标定的这个归零范围以外的距离,视差又会出现。
不过这时产生的误差都是在允许数值内的。
完全可以忽略不计。
因为太远的射距,枪弹也打不到,或是枪弹本身的散布已经超过了视差所导致的误差。
专用的机构----物镜组调节环,来避免视差:对于一些更专业的射击人员来讲,他们对瞄准镜的要求比较苛刻,在一些远距离射程的军用步枪和狩猎瞄准镜中,因为射击距离情况变化较大,工程人员为了为了改良这种不利状况,设计了物镜调焦系统,在瞄准镜前方的物镜筒上拧动距离标识时,物镜组的成像焦点会精确的和分划板重合。
瞄镜基础知识
基础知识一、角度:分射击术语:1、9点钟方向有6分的风2、着弹点低了2又1/2分3、目标A 1分4、这个瞄准镜有1/4分的高度调节5、这个是1/2分步枪首先了解关于分的定义。
一个圆周有360度。
每度等于60分。
也就是说,一个圆周有360×60=21,600分。
圆周长与半径的关系为L=2πR,而1分在固定半径R的位置对应的弧长越为l=0.0002908R。
这样,在100码(yard)的距离,所对应的弧长为1.047英寸(inch)。
(注:1码=3英尺=36英寸)。
这样,我们就有了一个距离、视角与偏移量的关系,如图1:图1显然,在100码的位置,视角1分,偏移量为1.047英寸在500码的位置,视角1分,偏移量为5.235英寸在100码的位置,视角1分,偏移量为10.47英寸我们可以比较精确的使用视角1分对应100码处的1英寸偏移。
当然,在超长距离计算时,使用1.047英寸肯定更准确。
以上,也是为什么在狙击射击时,使用英制单位的原因。
后面还会提到,望远镜上的密位标尺都是使用英制单位,便于射击计算。
实用举例:假设你有杆步枪,在100码处归零。
现在要求射击450码处的目标。
根据这杆枪的射程卡(如图2),在450码处子弹将下降9.25moa(Minute of Angle)。
显然,在450码处,1moa等于4.5英寸,因此,需要瞄准靶子上方41.6英寸(9.25×4.5)的位置,才能准确击中450码处的靶心。
距离(码)=偏移量(英寸)÷视角(分)×100……………………………………公式1也就是说,射程卡上提供的moa就是我们需要调整的标尺量,单位为分。
有些枪瞄的最小校准单位为1分,或者1/2分,或者1/4分,或者1/8分。
显然,1分或者1/2分的枪瞄过于粗糙,不利于长程精准射击。
图2要习惯使用分作为单位来校准射击。
例如,在800码处着弹点偏移靶心8英寸,应理解为着弹点偏移了1分。
数字化枪用瞄镜
数字化枪用瞄镜主要内容一、产品用途固体微光器件瞄准镜配装于5.8毫米95枪族,通过更换连接座可配装于QBU191型5.8毫米精准步枪,主要用于夜间观瞄300米内单个有生目标,具有昼夜图像采集、传输等功能。
二、主要战术技术指标(1)使用要求a) 在城市照明环境下,具有良好成像效果,能满足昼夜使用要求,具有抗15度夹角阳光照射能力;b) 具有外部供电接口(DC5V);c) 具有PAL模拟视频输出接口;d) 通过更换连接座能够适配于QBU191型5.8毫米精准步枪;e) 配枪后眼点位置、瞄准基线高度应合理,瞄准应舒适,能够配防毒面具使用。
(2)功能要求a) 具有电池反接保护功能;b) 具有电量显示功能及低电量提示功能;c) 具有显示亮度调节功能;d) 具有对比度调节功能;e) 具有WIFI无线视频发射功能(发射频段2.4GHz),能够将视频信号通过无线传输到控制终端,显示器可以显示连接、断开状态,发射板需设置密码;(3)指标要求a) 识别距离:能见度8km,照度(1~3)×10-3lx,背景不透空,对直立活动的单兵不小于300m ;b) 重量:不大于0.9kg ;c) 光学性能1) 视场:不小于8°×6°;2) 倍率:不小于3×;3) 眼点距离:不小于30mm ;4) 调焦范围:10m~∞ ;5) 视度调节范围:-5SD~+2SD ;d) 分划要求1) 分划调节范围(高低、方向):不小于±20密位;2) 分划颜色可选、亮度可调;e) 成像器件1) 采用国产固体微光成像器件(设计、流片、封装等生产过程均在国内完成(不含港澳台));2) 成像帧率不小于25Hz ;f) WIFI无线传输1)传输距离:不小于3米;2)传输延时:不大于300ms ;g) 显示器件:分辨率不小于800*600 ;h) 零位走动量(含重复装夹精度):不大于0.5密位。
i) 电源1) 采用军用电池型谱二次18650电池;2) 连续工作时间不小于6h(常温、产品正常工作状态,打开无线传输、打开模拟视频输出、显示亮度和分划度调至最大);j) 可靠性1) MTBF(θ1)不小于1000h2) 按键/开关寿命不小于3000次3) 满足5.8mm步枪全寿命要求10000发;4) 满足QBU191型5.8毫米精准步枪半寿命5000发;k) 环境适应性1)工作温度:-40℃~+50℃;2)贮存温度:-50℃~+60℃;振动、冲击、温度冲击、盐雾、湿热、浸渍满足相关国军标要求。
枪械瞄准镜专业知识
枪械瞄准镜专业知识问:手枪瞄和普通光学瞄的区别是什么?答:众所周知,手枪瞄一般为单手直臂射击状态或者两手弯曲持枪状态。
这样的话对光学瞄的要求就必须是最远为成年人直臂状态或者两手弯曲持枪状态必须满足出瞳距离要求。
而市场上一般光瞄均为步枪光瞄,出瞳距离最多为7,8cm。
这样远远不能满足手枪使用需要,使用的话要缩手伸头十分别扭!手枪瞄最特殊的就在于它的出瞳距离有很大余量范围。
一般最少为25cm--50cm范围。
并且因为手枪的散步精度不是很高,以及手枪本身是速射需要不能选择太高的倍率造成视场差,所以一般的手枪瞄除了必须满足大范围的出瞳距离还必须兼顾小倍率放大或者准直式(没有倍率)的要求!问:安装枪瞄以后3,4米距离弹着点总是偏下,怎么校准都偏下,是枪瞄有问题吗?答:按照弹道原理,近距离任何瞄具,包括机械瞄具,光学瞄具,内红点瞄具,镭射器等等都是偏下,并且已经超出可调节范围。
通常情况下这点距离根本不在可调节范围内。
国内的形式决定了通常在7,8米以上才属于可调教范围。
并且,按照原理,只有当散步精度超范围才是枪瞄问题,在散步精度没有问题的情况下属于没有校准或者超范围调节情况。
前者可以根据调校修改弹着点,后者如果是因为太近或者太远超出使用范围可以则改变目标瞄准距离,选择合适的瞄准距离。
而如果是枪瞄轴线和枪身轴线的不对称(出厂的时候每一把枪的轨槽轴线和枪身轴线之间的夹角都是不同的,可能这个枪瞄安装在可调节范围内换一个枪瞄就超出了可调节范围),这个时候可以采用前后镜环垫碎布等修正枪瞄轴线和枪身轴线之间的夹角方法解决问:镭射器一般使用在什么情况?镭射器配合光学倍率枪瞄能不能远距离一枪即中的效果?答:镭射器一般作为室内cqb等近距离作战,而不使用在远距离的精度射击上。
故此镭射器一般在国外多数用于近战的手枪,冲锋枪,近战场合的自动步枪等。
而极少用于远距离精度射击的狙击类上。
这里有一个镭射器的特性决定:镭射器存在一个锥形原理,即;持枪的同时肯定存在一定程度上的抖动,近距离镭射点抖动幅度小,距离越远镭射点在目标处抖动幅度成倍增加。
关于枪械瞄具的简单科普
关于枪械瞄具的简单科普从轻兵器问世至今的几百年间,枪械的结构和弹药都有了巨大的变化,性能也有了很大的提高,但与枪械相比较,枪械的瞄准装置发展却十分缓慢。
最为常见的“三点一线”机械瞄具,其发明甚至可以追溯到弓弩时期,而光学瞄具直到19世纪才被发明。
瞄准装置是轻武器系统的重要组成部分,不管机械瞄具还是光学瞄具,一个合适的瞄具的优劣可以直接影响到武器性能的发挥。
今天,就聊聊目前常见的几种瞄具。
机械瞄准装置三点一线:照门-准星-目标典型的机械瞄具由两个组件构成:照门+准星。
照门靠近枪手,常见的有凹槽型的和小圆孔型,分别对应开放式和觇(chān)孔式。
准星则靠近目标,型态有柱状、珠状或环状。
机械瞄具因为结构简单,坚固耐用一直被广泛应用至今,甚至和光学瞄具整合一起,当作备用。
因为人眼生理结构的因素,不同距离的物体不能同时在视网膜上成清晰的图像,也就是说看清目标,准星会变模糊,反之亦然。
这样的原因导致机械瞄具在远距离瞄准目标时,不能形成很大作用。
上图表示各种开放式瞄具及一种让眼睛轻松瞄准的觇孔式瞄具:A)U型照门与柱状准星, B)派翠吉, C)V型照门与柱状准星, D)快瞄, E) U型照门与珠状准星, F)V型照门与珠状准星, G)梯形, H)鬼环。
灰点代表目标。
光学瞄准装置在光学瞄具方面,使用较多的是望远式瞄准镜、微光瞄准镜、红点式瞄准镜、全息式瞄准镜,激光瞄具等。
20倍放大的望远瞄准镜望远镜式瞄具,因为依赖天然的可见光,也被称为白光瞄准镜。
利用望远镜折射的原理,将远处的景象放大。
瞄准镜的光学系统通常在合适位置配有标线,能够给使用者提供精确的瞄准参照。
和机械瞄具不同,光学瞄具能同时看清标线和目标,为精确瞄准提供了很大的便利。
但也会因为光通量大,也就是可见光强烈,导致无法瞄准和对人眼产生损伤的缺点。
通常外观常见镜内标线夜视成像微光式瞄准镜,更通俗的说法就是夜视瞄准镜。
一种是增强目镜一端的光度,是最简单的夜视仪,但是需要适合在有微弱光源的环境使用,例如星光、月光、火光等,在全黑无光环境无法使用;另一种由仪器向外发射红外光束,照射目标,并将目标反射的红外图像转化成为可见光图像,全黑情况下可以进行观察。
枪瞄镜光学知识
转向系统结构形式
转向系统:场镜、前转向透镜、后转向透镜和后场镜组成
目镜结构形式
目镜:目镜胶合透镜和目镜单片组成 瞄准镜常用目镜结构是凯涅尔目镜
3、枪瞄镜的主要性能指标
性能指标:
1、视场 2、放大倍率 3、出瞳距 4、出瞳直径 5、分辨率 6、视度 7、咔嚓值 8、侧调范围
4、枪瞄镜试做存在的常见问题
1、高倍不清晰 2、变倍过程中视差过大 3、侧调不准确
枪瞄镜知识
研发部
2011.08.04
主要内容
1、枪瞄镜基本光路 2、枪瞄镜各组成部分功能 3. 枪瞄镜主要性能指标 4. 枪瞄镜试做存在的常见问题
1、枪瞄镜基本光路
枪瞄镜是一种望远系统,用于观察远距离目标的一种 光学系统。由于通过望远光学系统所成的像对眼睛的 张角大于物体本身对眼睛的直观张角,因此,给人一 种“物体被拉近了”的感觉。可以更清楚地看到物体 的细节,扩大了人眼观察远距离物体的能力。 望远系统一般由物镜和目镜组成,有时为了获得正像 ,需要增加棱镜式和透镜式转像系统。 伽利略和开普勒望远镜。物镜是正透镜,目镜是负透 镜,成正立的像,没有中间实像。开普勒望远镜物镜 和目镜都是正透镜。
调焦
测量用的焦平面安装分划板,无限远物体的像平面和分 划板的刻线平面重合,这样才能通过募集同时看清分划 板刻线和无限远物体的像。如果物体的位置变化了,两 者就不重合,需要通过调节是分划板的刻线平面和像平 面重合,这个过程就是调焦。外调焦和内调焦。 外调焦是通过目镜和分划板的整体移动而使望远物镜对 不同距离物体所成的像与分划板刻线重合,完成调焦。 内调焦物镜由正负光焦度透镜组组合而使主面前移,缩 短望远镜的筒长,在调节过程中前组正透镜与分划板的 相对位置不变,仅通过移动调节中间的负透镜组,使不 同位置的远方物体像落在分划板的刻线面上完成调焦。
Hi-Lux M40USMC39X40 M40TACH39X40 狩猎 rifle 长距离瞄准镜说明
Hi-Lux OpticsM40USMC39X40 / M40TACH39X40 RIFLESCOPE INSTRUCTIONS Contact Information:Website: TechnicalSupport:***************************Hi-Lux, Inc.3135 Kashiwa StreetTorrance, CA 90505, U.S.A.Tel: (310) 257-8142, Fax :( 310) 257-8096©2018 Hi-Lux, Inc. Leatherwood®, Hi-Lux™, Auto-Ranging™, Wm Malcolm®, J.W. Fecker®, DiamondTuff™, Multi-Dial™, No-Math Mil-Dot™and ZRO-LOK™are the trademarks of Hi-Lux, Inc.In 1965, the U.S. Marine Corps began its search for a new rifle and scope combo to serve as their official combat sniper rifle. The goal was to have USMC armorers customize and accurize a readily available production rifle. The Corps settled on the Remington Model 40x, a premium grade of the Model 700, chambered in .308 Winchester (a.k.a. 7.62 NATO) cartridge, and topped it with a commercially available 3-9x40mm variable power hunting scope that featured a simple and easy to learn ranging system. This rifle was designated the M40.Hi-Lux Optics is now recreating this 1960's era USMC scope for all of those "old school" sharpshooters among us, those who take the time to know the trajectory of the loads they reload and shoot. However, we've made some major internal improvements. The optics are far superior to that of the original, with precision ground lenses that are fully multi-coated for maximum light transmission. We've also added positive 1/4" click adjustments to the windage and elevation turrets.The Auto-Ranging™ system incorporated in this scope features two parallel horizontal crosshairs near the top of the reticle. There is a ranging scale calibrated in yards in the bottom right quadrant. The yardage ranging scale is a separate etched glass reticle in the first focal plane. The shooter simply zooms in on a known target of 18 inches, until it fits perfectly between the two upper crosshairs, and then reads the range at the bottom. The reticle accurately ranges from 200 to 600 yards.The M40 Tactical Hunter model features the same ranging system. However, the reticle of the Tactical Hunter version of this scope features BDC hold-overs - for 200, 300, 400 and 500 yards. Then, where the crosshair and bottom post meet can be used for 600-yard shooting. These aiming points have been calibrated for the .308 Winchester, but work well with more than a dozen other popular calibers. By shooting to determine where these aiming points are "on", the drop compensating reticle and hold-over pointscan be used with just about any rifle chambered for any sporting center-fire rifle cartridge.Hi-Lux's M40 scopes are built with all of the ruggedness and reliability that has made this line well known for its quality and value. Other features include a tough, wear resistant Perma-Coat finish and DiamondTuff fully multi-coated lenses polished to photographic quality.Here is a riflescope that's built to take on anything that Mother Nature can dish out. With every Leatherwood®/Hi-Lux™ riflescope, you get Quali ty, Precision and Ruggedness at a price that doesn’t break your budget. The M40 scopes are built to meet the wants and needs of all shooters.TABLE OF CONTENTSSection 1. SPECIFICATIONS Page 4 Section 2. EYEPIECE FOCUSING Page 4 Section 3. ELEVATION AND WINDAGE TURRETS Page 5 Section 4. MOUNTING Page 5 Section 5. HOW TO RESET THE SCOPE OPTICALMECHANICAL CENTER Page 6 Section 6. PRE-ZEROING Page 7 Section 7. ZEROING Page 8 Section 8. M40 RANGING RETICLES Page 10 Section 9. MAINTAINING YOUR RIFLESCOPE Page 11 Section 10. DIAMONDTUFF LIFETIME WARRANTY Page 12SECTION 1: SPECIFICATIONS AND BASIC DEFINITIONS(1) SPECIFICATIONS:All air-glass surfaces are fully multi-coated to maximize the light transmission. The Elevation and Windage click adjustment is 1/4 MOA at 100 yards ≈ ¼ inch at 100 yards ≈ 7mm at 100 meters. A special ranging reticle is used in these two models. The details of the reticles are illustrated in the Section 8.The M40 3-9X40 rifle scopes have a total of 90 MOA of internal adjustment.(2) BASIC DEFINITIONS:A. Eyepiece;B. EP Knurled Lock Ring;C. Magnification Ring;D. Extended Lever Screw;E. Elevation Knob;F. Windage Knob;G. Objective.SECTION 2: EYEPIECE FOCUSINGHold the scope about three inches from your eye and look through the eyepiece at a featureless flatly lit bright area such as a wall or open sky. If the reticle is not sharply defined instantly, you just need to turn the Eye Piece (1) in or out for adjustment until thereticle appears in sharp focus. After you get a sharp reticle image, you can tighten the knurled E.P. Lock Ring by turning the knurled E.P. lock ring (2) counterclockwise to lock up the E.P. If you want to loosen E.P., you can either turn the E.P. (1) counterclockwise or turn the the E.P. knurled lock ring (2) clockwise.SECTION 3: ELEVATION AND WINDAGE TURRETS Both the Elevation and Windage have click adjustments. The click value is ¼ MOA. You can use a coin to turn the elevation or windage turret in the direction you want to move the point of impact on the target. For elevation adjustment, turning the turret counterclockwise moves the point of impact UP and turning the turret clockwise moves the point of impact DOWN. For the windage adjustment, turning the turret counterclockwise moves the point of impact to the RIGHT and turning the turret clockwise moves the point of impact to the LEFT. After you have the elevation or windage adjusted, you can reset the elevation or windage mark ring to the zero by moving the center of the open gap to the turret zero tickmark.SECTION 4: MOUNTINGTo achieve the best accuracy from your rifle, the scope must be mounted properly. You should use a high-quality mount with bases designed to fit your particular rifle. To mount the scope:A.The scope should be mounted as low as possiblewithout touching either the barrel or the receiver.B.Before tightening the mount rings, look through thescope using your normal shooting position. Adjust thescope (either forward or backward) until you find thefarthest point forward (to ensure maximum eye relief)that allows you to see a full field of view.C.Rotate the scope in the rings until the reticle is plumband the elevation turret is on top.D.Tighten the ring screws to 18-20 in lbs.WARNING: AVOID OVER-TIGHTENING THE RINGS. THIS CAN DAMAGE THE SCOPE, AFFECTING PERFORMANCE OR RENDERING IT INOPERABLE. THERE SHOULD BE A SLIGHT EVEN GAP BETWEEN THE SHOULDERS OF THE RING HALVES. BE SURE THAT THE SCOPE IS MOUNTED FAR ENOUGH FORWARD. ITS REARWARD MOTION MAY INJURE THE SHOOTER WHEN THE RIFLE RECOILS. SECTION 5: HOW TO RESET THE SCOPE TO OPTICAL OR MECHANICAL CENTERThe Elevation and Windage adjustments on all new Hi-Lux scopes are preset to the optical center or mechanical center at the factory. For all the new scopes you do not need to reset the optical or physical center for the scope. However, if you are mounting a scope that was previously used on another rifle, you should recenter the scope first before you zero the scope again. Centering the Elevation and Windage adjustments to mechanical center will not only help you obtain optimum travel of the adjustments, but also saves you time when re-zeroing the scope.If the erector unit inside the scope is off to one side, the Elevation and Windage adjustments cannot travel equally in all directions. In order for the Elevation and Windage adjustments to move the erector unit fully horizontally and vertically in a consistent and correct manner requires keeping the erector unit as centered as possible. This may require using a set of rings or a base mount that also offers some adjustment. The following details are how to regain full adjustment travel by re-centering your scope adjustments:(1)Turn the Windage adjustment all the way to the Right asthe arrow indicates on the turret to the point that it stopsmoving.(2)Turn the Elevation adjustment all the way UP to the TOPas the arrow indicates on the turret to the point that it stopsmoving too.(3)Then turn the Windage adjustment all the way back in theother direction Left until it stops - counting the clicks orhash marks while you are turning the adjustment back.Remember the total clicks or the hash marks.(4)Move the Windage adjustment back to Right half theamount of the clicks or hash marks. The Windage is thencentered.(5)Repeat the above two procedures, (3) and (4), to reset theoptical and physical center for Elevation adjustment aswell.(6)The Windage and Elevation adjustment of the scope isnow optically and physically centered. This will makezeroing the scope easier. By using rings or a base thatoffer external gross Windage adjustment to keep the scopeinternal Windage adjustment in the optical and physicalcenter, the scope is capable of maximum Elevationadjustment.SECTION 6: PRE-ZEROINGPre-zero sighting can be done either manually, or with a bore-sighting device. To bore sight manually:A.It is necessary to be able to see through the bore from thebreech end. In the case of a bolt action, this usually meansremoving the bolt.B.Set the variable-power scope to low power.C.To eliminate as much human error as possible, werecommend using a gun vise or other mechanism tostabilize the firearm while boresighting.D.Look through the bore and center the target in the bore.Adjust the Windage and Elevation turrets to position thereticle on the center of the target.E.For the Windage adjustment, turn the Windageadjustment turret Clockwise to move the point of impactLeft and Counterclockwise to move the point of impactRight as the arrow on the turret indicates.F.In the same manner, adjust the Elevation by turning theElevation adjustment turret Clockwise to Lower the pointof impact and Counterclockwise to Raise the point of theimpact. **If a large amount of adjustment is required toalign the reticle, make approximately one-half of theWindage correction, then approximately one-half of therequired Elevation correction.G.Finish by applying the balance of Windage and Elevationcorrection.If you can’t see thr ough the bore then it will be necessary to use some type of bore-sighting device. When using a bore-sighting device, follow the instructions provided with the device.NOTE: If your mounting system allows for adjustment of the scope, the gross adjustments should be made in the mount and then the final adjustments will be made with the scope’s internal adjustment system.SECTION 7: ZEROINGDANGER:IF A BORE SIGHTING COLLIMATOR OR ANY OTHER BORE OBSTRUCTING DEVICE WAS USED; IT MUST BE REMOVED BEFORE PROCEEDING. AN OBSTRUCTION CAN CAUSE SERIOUS DAMAGE TO THE GUN AND POSSIBLE PERSONAL INJURY TO YOU AND OTHERS NEARBY.The zero range will depend on your shooting needs and range conditions.A.In general, if most of your shots will be at short range, werecommend that you zero at 100 yards. If you want to usethe M40TACH39X40reticle BDC holdovers, you need tozero the Tactical Hunter scope at 100 yards.B.Set the power to 9X and remove both Elevation andWindage caps.C.From a rested position, fire three rounds at the target.D.Observe the center of the points of impact on the target andadjust the Windage and Elevation screws as needed tobring the point of aim to the desired relationship to thepoints of impact. The point of impact moves in the directionindicated on the adjustment turrets and by the amountindicated.E.Repeat as necessary.F.Once you have finished zeroing, you can re-index the markring by lining up the open gap on the mark ring with thetickmark corresponding to the zero on the turret. Put theturret covers on to prevent accidental adjustment.Each click of the adjustment turret moves the bullet impact at 100 yards by 1/4 MOA. The adjustments are calibrated in Minutes of Angle (MOA). One minute of angle is very close to 1 inch at 100 yards.To calculate the click value at distances other than 100 yards, use the following formula: divide the distance (yardage) by 100. Then multiply this number by the click value stated on the windage and elevation adjustments. This will tell you the actual click value of the scope at that distance.For Example: Your range is 200 yards. Divide 200 by 100 and that equals 2. Multiply 1/4 - the “click value” indicated on the adjustment turrets by 2 and the adjustment at 200 yards is 1/2 inch per click.For 400 yards, you would multiply 1/4 - the “click value” by 4 and that would give 1 inch per click at 400 yards and so forth. Once the zeroing of the scope is completed, you can reset the zero marking per the instruction.WARNING: ALL SHOOTING SHOULD BE DONE AT AN APPROVED RANGE, OR SAFE AREA. EYE AND EAR PROTECTION IS RECOMMENDED.SECTION 8: M40 SPECIAL RANGING RETICLES1.M40USMC39x40 Reticle:The Auto-Ranging™ system incorporated in either the M40 3-9X40 USMC model or the Tactical Hunter model M40 TACH 3-9X40 features two parallel horizontal crosshairs near the top of the reticle. At the bottom of the reticle there is a yardage ranging scale. The yardage ranging scale is a separate etched glass reticle in the first focal plane. The shooter simply zooms in on a known target of 18 inches, until it fits perfectly between the two crosshairs, and then reads the range at the bottom. The reticle accurately ranges from 200 to 600 yards.(1) USMC Reticle:Frame a known sized 18” targetbetween the two parallelhorizontal lines. To determine therange to the target, simply readthe range distance on the rangingscale. The approximate range isthe indicated by where the rangingscale meets the edge of the sightpicture. The ranging capacity isfrom 200 yards to 600 yards.(2) Tactical Hunter ReticleThe Tactical Hunter model has thesame Auto-Ranging system as theUSMC model. Additionally, theTactical Hunter model has BDCholdover lines, which are calibratedfor .308 Winchester. There are alsotwo vertical tickmarks on thehorizontal axis. You can frame a 36”target from the center to the bar orframe a 72” target between the twohorizontal short bars. The Tactical Hunter Reticle requires a 100 yard zero. The 2nd BDC is for 300 yards. The 3rd BDC line is for 400 yards. The 4th BDC line is for 500 yards and the top of the heavy post is for 600 yards. Simply frame an 18”,36” or 72” target to get the range - and use the appropriate BDC holdover line to compensate for the drop. The following chart gives the BDC holdover values, allowing individual shooters to determine a more precise point of aim based on the ballistics of their rifle, cartridge or load.M40 Tactical Hunter BDC Holdover ValuesSECTION 9: MAINTAINING YOUR RIFLESCOPEYour scope, though amazingly tough, is a precision instrument that deserves reasonable and cautious care. For normal maintenance:A.Do not attempt to disassemble or clean the scopeinternally.B.The external optical surfaces should occasionally be wipedclear with the lens cloth provided or an optical quality lenspaper.C.Keep the protective lens covers in place when the scope isnot in use.D.Remove any external dirt or sand with a soft brush so as toavoid scratching the finish.E.Wipe the scope with a damp cloth, followed by a dry cloth.F.Then go over the metal portions of the scope with a silicontreaded cloth in order to protect the scope againstcorrosion.G.Store the scope in a moisture-free environment.H.Avoid storing the scope in a hot place, such as thepassenger compartments of a vehicle on hot days. The hightemperatures could adversely affect the lubricants andsealants. A vehicle’s trunk, a gun cabinet or a closet is thepreferred storage locations.I.Never leave the scope where direct sunlight can entereither the objective or the eyepiece lens. Damage mayresult from the concentration of the sun’s rays (burningglass effect).WARNING: UNNECESSARY RUBBING OR USE OF A COARSE CLOTH MAY CAUSE PERMANENT DAMAGE TO LENS COATINGS. SECTION 10: DIAMONDTUFF LIFETIMEWARRANTYHi-Lux, Inc.warranties its products against defects arising from faulty workmanship, or materials, for the lifetime of the original purchaser. Any attempt to alter, dismantle or change the standard specifications of the products, will make this warranty null and void. This warranty is made to the original purchaser of the goods including all international sales, and applies only to the products purchased through our authorized distributors or dealers. The international warranty is subject to approval from our authorized distributor or us directly. The warranty is transferable. Warranty obligation is limited to the repair or replacement of any product returned to Hi-Lux, Inc.,which is determined by the manufacturer to have defects arising from faulty workmanship, or materials that adversely affect the satisfactory operation of the product. It should be noted that on items containing an etchedglass reticle that the occasional appearance of some small particles is common and not a warrantable repair.We have a two-year warranty for the electronic components that are contained on the products. Hi-Lux, Inc. reserves the right to request proof of purchase and purchase date.We assume no liability for any incidental or consequential damages, or incidental expenses. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations or exclusion may not apply to you. No warranties are made, or are authorized to be made, other than those expressly contained herein.To file a claim under this warranty, please contact the Customer Service Department of Hi-Lux, Inc. at (310) 257-8142 to obtain a Return Authorization number (RA number). After receiving your RA number, please mark the number on the outside of the package; enclose the defective item with a brief explanation of the problem. Please be sure to include your name, address and phone number. Failure to obtain a RA number may result in either refusal upon delivery, or lengthy delays for warranty repairs and service required for the item returned to us. All returns are to be shipped prepaid direct to Hi-Lux, Inc. including a check or money order in the amount of $21 to cover postage and handling regardless of purchase date. Additional fees will be applied to all returns from outside of the United States.Warranty & Service Dept.Hi-Lux, Inc.3135 Kashiwa StreetTorrance, CA 90505Tel: (310) 257-8142, Fax: (310) 257-8096E-Mail: *********************In the event of a non-warranty repair, you will receive an estimate prior to any work being done. This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may have other rights, which vary from state to state. As defined by federal law, this is a limited warranty.。
Trijicon MRO 微型步枪瞄准器 系列说明书
SpecificationsTrijicon MRO ®(Red Dot | Green Dot)Trijicon MRO ® Patrol(Red Dot)Trijicon MRO ® HD (Red Dot | Reticle)Trijicon MRO ® HD MagnifierMagnification 1x 1x 1x 3x Objective Lens 25mm 25mm 25mm 25mm Clear Aperture 0.805 in.20.4mm0.805 in.20.4mm0.805 in.20.4mm0.805 in.20.4mmEye Relief Infinite Infinite Infinite 68mm Field of View7.2 »N E W»N E WFeatures and BenefitsOcular Cover, Objective Cover and ARDQuick Release MountProtects glass from damage and reduces glareReturn to zero capabilitiesMRO ®PatrolRed DotThe extended battery life and red dot color of theclassic MRO gives the user a solution for a wide variety of applications and environments.Green DotThe Trijicon MRO Green Dot is designed to give the user a large, clear field of view with a reticle that has a greater contrast against forest, grass-land, and jungle environments.MRO ®(Red or Green Dot)The standard Trijicon MRO Red Dot, Green Dot, and MRO Patrol are intended to be used as a standalone optic.All MRO ®ModelsFully Ambidextrious KnobEasy GripAdjustment KnurlMultiple Illumination Settings1/2 MOA Sub-Flush Adjusters Prevent Accidental AdjustmentWaterproof 100 ft / 30m SubmersionNo Need for Special Tools to Adjust Windage and ElevationThe Trijicon MRO HD lens design is optimized for use with a TrijiconMRO HD Magnifier.Please note the Trijicon MRO HD magnifier has a unique footprint and will only work with the Trijicon magnifier mount. Therefore, the magnifier and magnifier mount are only sold as a pair.»NEW MRO ®HD and 3x Magnifier68 MOA10 MOA2.0 MOA19 MOA B Adjustable Brightness Settings C Display Dot Only, Including Night Vision (NV) Setting D Display Both Segmented Circle Reticle and Dot, Including Night Vision (NV) Setting E Crisp 2 MOA Center-Dot Surrounded by 68 MOA Ring Reticle1 Compact Design Saves Weight and Rail Space2 Easy-to-Set Flush Adjusters3 Waterproof 33 ft./10m Submersion4 Includes Riser Plate to Work with Both 1/3 to Full Height MRO HD Mounts5 Quick Release Mount12345E。
枪瞄校准最简单的方法
枪瞄校准最简单的方法枪瞄准是将枪支的照准系统校准到目标的过程。
准确的枪瞄准是保证射击命中目标的重要因素之一。
在枪瞄校准中,最简单的方法可以分为以下几个步骤:一、准备工作1.选择适合的环境:找到一个开阔的地方,确保没有障碍物和其他可能干扰射击的因素。
2.准备目标:选取一个靶子作为射击目标,靶子上可以标注环数或者有不同分数的区域,以便根据射击结果进行评估。
二、射击姿势1.站姿:站立时,双脚分开与肩同宽,身体稍微前倾,要保持平衡。
2.握持枪支:双手握持枪托,左手托住枪管下部,右手握住枪把后方。
三、调整照准系统1.调整瞄准器:根据个人射击习惯,可以选择使用机械瞄准器(比如准星、照门)或者光学瞄准器(如望远镜)来进行瞄准。
调整瞄准器的方法因不同武器而异,通常可以通过调整瞄准器的高度和水平位置使其与枪管一致。
2.调整枪托:有些枪支可以调整枪托的高低、前后位置以及角度等参数,根据个人射击习惯和身体条件,选择最舒适的位置。
3.视线校准:通过调整瞄准器的高低、前后位置来使瞄准线与准星或照门一致,确保射击时能够准确对准目标。
四、初步瞄准1.弹匣放置:确保枪支上已装填至少一发子弹。
2.瞄准目标:通过瞄准器、准星或望远镜将目标置于准星或照门的中心。
3.稳定呼吸:射击前,保持平稳的呼吸,尽量减小身体的晃动。
五、射击和校准1.射击:根据初步瞄准的位置,进行射击。
根据射击结果,分析击中位置与预期的差距,通过观察弹道轨迹等信息,判断需要进行的调整。
2.调整:根据射击结果,进行必要的瞄准系统的调整。
如果击中点偏高,可以调整瞄准器向下;如果击中点偏低,可以调整瞄准器向上。
如果击中点偏左,可以调整瞄准器向右;如果击中点偏右,可以调整瞄准器向左。
3.反复验证和调整:根据调整后的瞄准进行新的射击,直至击中点与预期目标基本一致。
射击过程中,注意观察射击结果,根据需要对瞄准器进行进一步的微调。
六、持续练习枪瞄校准并不是一次性的工作,而是需要通过不断的训练和实战经验来不断提高准确性。
枪式摄像机+枪瞄热像仪 参数资料
小枪机34X34X48mm产品特点:1. 小型枪式摄像机2. 多种CCD可选,多种方案可选3. 专利设计,小巧精致4. 摄像机尺寸仅: 34x34x48mm5. 采用多款C/CS接口镜头,焦距可选6. 可接DC驱动镜头,光圈随环境变化而变化7. 清晰度420线至700线可选8. 照度0.001至0.5Lux可选9. WDR、OSD、NDR、透雾等多种功能可选10. 电源:DC12伏,DC5-15伏可选11. 适合各类监控环境使用小枪机40X40X54mm产品特点:1. 小型枪式摄像机2. 多种CCD可选,多种方案可选3. 专利设计,小巧精致4. 摄像机尺寸仅: 40x40x54mm5. 采用多款C/CS接口镜头,焦距可选6. 可接DC驱动镜头,光圈随环境变化而变化7. 清晰度420线至700线可选8. 照度0.001至0.5Lux可选9. WDR、OSD、NDR、透雾等多种功能可选10. 电源:DC12伏,DC5-15伏可选11. 适合各类监控环境使用枪机(带菜单) 40X40X54mm产品特点:1. 小型OSD枪式摄像机2. 多种CCD可选,多种方案可选3. 专利设计,小巧精致4. 摄像机尺寸仅: 40x40x54mm5. 采用多款C/CS接口镜头,焦距可选6. 可接DC驱动镜头,光圈随环境变化而变化7. 清晰度420线至700线可选8. 照度0.001至0.5Lux可选9. WDR、OSD、NDR、透雾等多种功能可选10. 带5向菜单控制键, 多种功能可调11. 电源:DC12伏,DC5-15伏可选12. 适合各类监控环境使用枪机63X58X112mm产品特点:1. 枪式摄像机2. 多种CCD可选,多种方案可选3. 摄像机尺寸: 54x58x112mm4. 采用多款C/CS接口镜头,焦距可选5. 可接DC驱动镜头,光圈随环境变化而变化6. 清晰度420线至700线可选7. 照度0.001至0.5Lux可选8. WDR、OSD、NDR、透雾等多种功能可选9. 电源:DC12伏,DC5-15伏可选10. 适合各类监控环境使用枪机(带菜单) 63X58X120mm产品特点:1. 枪式OSD摄像机2. 多种CCD可选,多种方案可选3.摄像机尺寸: 63x58x120mm4. 采用多款C/CS接口镜头,焦距可选5. 可接DC驱动镜头,光圈随环境变化而变化6. 清晰度420线至700线可选7. 照度0.001至0.5Lux可选8. WDR、OSD、NDR、透雾等多种功能可选9. 带5向菜单控制键, 多种功能可调10. 电源:DC12伏,DC5-15伏可选11. 适合各类监控环境使用。
如何正确使用枪械瞄准射击
如何正确使用枪械瞄准射击什么是“枪”?就是就是利用火药在管行的射具内燃烧的气体能量发射弹头的武器,通常把武器的口径20毫米内的叫“枪”,20毫米外的叫“炮”。
下面我来讲讲枪的射击理论:瞄准具分为准星和缺口,缺口,准星,靶心三点一线准星的上缘与缺口上缘成水平,在偏差1毫米的情况下,位置就会偏差32厘米,在瞄准的过程中,必须找到准星的真实部;阳光对于瞄准射击有一定的影响,瞄准的时候较想靶心的下面一点,正常的情况下准星对准靶心下三分之二的位置,准星,缺口对准靶心的上缘;风对射击也有影响:一般有弱风,和风,强风。
(1)凡是来向一致的情况下弱风,和风基本不动,如果是强风,位置就需要偏高(2)凡是逆向一致的情况下弱风,和风,强风的,就应该把位置瞄低一点;(3)凡是横向的风在100米以内部需要修正,和风200米,30度瞄边缘部分,400米只瞄边,枪在正常情况下强风在和风瞄准的基础上加一倍,反之弱风减一半。
射击的时候注意力百分之90放在缺口的准星和缺口的平行上,扣扳机百分之十是无意中进行的,瞄准的时候先看准星是否与缺口平行,准星是否在缺口的正中心以后,在瞄准靶心。
我在部队时,射击的姿势很重要,一般分为卧,蹲,站立三种姿势,我主要以卧姿为例,匍匐卧倒,两脚分开45度,成外八字型,脚内侧抵住地面,一面后坐力太大,无法进行第二次瞄准。
一般打靶的时候,枪的下面应该以沙袋或其它相对柔软的物体作为依托,右手食指扣在扳机上,左手肘部起支撑作用,固定枪,不左右晃动,手紧紧握住弹匣,木托的尾部紧靠肩窝,射击的时候身体各个部分都不能放松,否则肩窝会被枪的后坐力震伤。
蹲姿势,相对于卧姿,难度要大些,首先开步35度,左脚向前约30厘米蹲下,手拿枪的姿势和卧姿一样,左手手肘部靠大腿支撑,为着力点。
站姿,两腿分开45度,左脚在前,大概是一脚的距离。
站姿训练强度要大些,需要长时间的训练才能精确的瞄准。
枪口不论有无子弹,枪口不允许对准人的身体,以防意外事故。
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视差(Parallax):视差发生在目标影像不能精确清晰地反映到刻线分划平面上。当射击者的头部发生偏移或者在一些极端的情况下,分划和目标间就会发生明显的位移从而产生视差,使焦点没有对准并造成映像模
糊。一般瞄准镜工厂设置在100码处无视差,散弹等近距离用的瞄准镜的无视差设置在50码。
材质(Material):好的枪瞄采用高强度耐久的铝合金材质,并做阳极化处理,每支枪瞄都不会生锈、防刮同时外表美观。
密封性、防水性和防雾(Seal, Water-proof and Fog-proof):充分的氮气填充可以完全排出瞄准镜内部的湿气,良好的O型密封圈防止外部的湿气或者灰尘进入瞄准镜内部。内部如果有湿气和灰尘,很容易在瞄准镜内部镜片上结尘、起雾,从而导致霉变影响瞄准镜性能和寿命。
视场(Filed of View):瞄准镜所能看到的视野范围 ,一般以100码或100米作参照。大的视场可以在体育竞技和运动目标提供更多的支持。视场值以角度单位表示,通常越高的倍率的情况视场越小。
精度调节(Precision Adjustment):MOA(Mintune of Anger的缩写)是调节螺钉咔嚓值的单位 ,瞄准镜中间部位的两个旋钮是精度调节,一般有Up标记的是调节垂直 上下方向,学术上称之为“仰角调节”,另一个印有R的是调节水平 左右方向,称之为“风偏调节”。一般说来,有3种形式的调节手轮,即100码一个咔塔声移动1/2英寸、1/4和1/8英寸,1/2主要用于内红点和低倍瞄准镜,而需要精确瞄准的大变倍瞄准镜一般都采用1/8手调。
出瞳距(Eye Relief):也叫出瞳距离,它是眼睛距离目镜之间的距离。有这个距离主要有两个原因,第一是因为瞄准镜主要用于真铁,存在巨大的后坐力,如果眼睛直接接触目镜的话那就会受到损伤;第二,瞄准镜采用倒像和开普勒望远系统,只有眼睛离开目镜一定的距离,观测时眼睛、目镜和物镜尽量保持在一直线上,大倍率观测时尽量不要直接手持(瞄准镜并不是望远镜),这样才能获得最大、最圆和最亮的观察效果;眼睛间隙会随着倍数的变化会稍有改变。
枪瞄的技术参数说明
光学镀膜(Coating):在镜片表面镀膜可以减少镜片带来的反光和光的损失,并减少眼睛疲劳程度。镀膜一般是氟镁化物。镀膜的层数越多光学性能越好。镀膜的种类分为下面几种:
镀膜:至少在一块透镜上进行单层镀膜
全镀膜:在所有空气接触的镜片上进行单层镀膜
多层镀膜:至少在一块透镜上多层镀膜,所有镀膜至少镀一次
多层全镀膜:在所有接触空气的镜面上多层镀膜
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出瞳直径(Exit Pupil):瞄准镜目镜前,可视范围直径 ,出瞳直径越大映像越明亮。测量的方法就是物镜大小除以放大倍数,例如:3-9x40的出瞳直径就是4.44mm-13.33mm。