英语导游情景对话 Item7-1
导游英语情景口语 Item7-3
Words and Phrases imitation n. microcosm n. landscape n. architecture n. artificial adj. fountain n. insight n. lively adj.
仿制品 微观世界 风景，景色 建筑 人造的，人工的 喷泉 洞察力，见识 生气勃勃的
Model 3: The Four Elements in a Traditional Garden 园林四要素 Warm-up: Work in pairs. Suppose you are a guide, and you are going to introduce major elements of a classical garden and their functions to your guests, what will you say to them? Discuss with your partner.
symbolize longevity perseverance endurance clean-handedness lotus harmonious man of letters outstanding feature
vt. n. 忍耐力 清廉 荷花，莲花 和谐的 文人，学者 突出特点
4. Water was the central element for it provides movement, coolness and sounds within the garden. 水是园林的关键因素，能给园林带来动感、凉爽 和水声。 5. I’m beginning to get an insight into your “mountain and water culture”. 我开始了解你们的山水文化。 6. Pine trees, for instance, symbolized longevity, perseverance and bitter endurance. 譬如，松树象征着长寿、坚持不懈和坚贞不屈。
英语作文导游对话模板
英语作文导游对话模板导游对话模板。
英文回答：Greeting。
Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone. Welcome to [tour name]. I'm [your name], your tour guide for today.Introduction。
I'm here to take you on a journey through the fascinating world of [tour topic]. We'll explore [key attractions], learn about [historical events], and discover the hidden gems of [destination].Tour Itinerary。
Our tour will follow a carefully planned itinerary,ensuring that we make the most of our time together. We'll start by visiting [first attraction], followed by [second attraction], and so on.Safety and Etiquette。
Before we begin, I'd like to go over a few important safety rules and etiquette guidelines. Please listen carefully and follow these instructions for a safe and enjoyable tour.Stay together as a group and follow your guide's instructions.Be respectful of the attractions and their surroundings.No littering or smoking, please.Avoid using flash photography in museums or galleries.If you have any questions or concerns during the tour, please feel free to ask your guide.Questions and Answers。
导游英语对话模板作文带翻译
导游英语对话模板作文带翻译导游英语对话模板。
导游，大家好，我是今天的导游，欢迎来到我们的旅行团。
我将会是你们在这段旅程中的向导和朋友。
首先，让我自我介绍一下，我叫李明，是本地人，对这里非常熟悉。
我将会为大家带来一场充满乐趣和知识的旅行，希望大家能够尽情享受。
Hello everyone, I am the tour guide for today. Welcome to our travel group. I will be your guide and friend during this journey. First of all, let me introduce myself. My nameis Li Ming, and I am a local here. I am very familiar with this place. I will bring you a fun and knowledgeable trip. I hope you can enjoy it.导游，在我们的行程中，我们将会参观很多著名的景点，品尝当地的美食，了解这里的文化和历史。
同时，我也会为大家介绍一些有趣的故事和传统习俗。
如果有任何问题或者需要帮助的地方，都可以随时来找我。
During our trip, we will visit many famous attractions, taste local food, and learn about the culture and history here. At the same time, I will also introduce some interesting stories and traditional customs. If you have any questions or need help, youcan always come to me.游客1，听说这里有一座很有名的古城，我们会去参观吗？Tourist 1: I heard there is a famous ancient city here. Will we visit it?导游，是的，我们将会去参观这座古城。
导游英语情景口语 Item7-2
Model 2: Touring the Summer Palace 游览颐和园
Warm-up :Can you say the Chinese names of the following English Proper names concerning the Summer Palace? Would you please introduce one or two scenic spots in English?
Miss Deng: Greets the tourists. Introduces today’s itinerary. Interprets the lion at the gate of the Summer Palace. Explains the peculiar bronze animal to the tourists. Interprets the Longevity Hill. Explains Kunming Lake and other scenic attractions.
George: How many emperors once lived here? Wow, 24 emperors! Though it has a history of over 500 years, it still looks elaborate and picturesque. What are differences between them? I see. What’s the grand hall? What’s the use of the Hall of Supreme Harmony? Is that the emperor’s throne on top of the platform?
导游英语情景口语Item 收拾房间全面版
▪ I’ll bring in some fresh towels tog in the bathroom?
▪ Words and Phrases：
1. towel
n.毛巾
2. overnight ad. 通宵
3. mess
n. 混乱
4. cozy
adj. 舒适的,温馨的
5. turn-down service 做晚床, 即整理房间 备晚上使用
▪ Useful Expressions
▪ Should I do the turn-down service for
Model 2: Making Up the Room 收拾房间
1. Actions speak louder than words.
2.
事实胜于雄辩
3. Do in Rome as Rome does.
4.
入乡随俗
5.
Model 2: Making Up the Room 收拾房间
▪ Warm-up: Work in pairs. Learn the following
Model 2: Making Up the Room 收拾房间 入乡随俗
我会带些开水和新毛巾过来。
▪ Would you like me to draw the curtains for you, sir and madam? 我把窗帘给您拉上好吗？
▪ We try to be always at your service. 我们将尽力为您服务。
导游和游客英语情景对话
导游和游客英语情景对话对话情景：导游和游客在旅游景点进行导览。
导游（Guide）: Good morning, everyone! Welcome to our tour of the famous landmark. My name is Lisa, and I'll be your guide for today. Before we begin, please gather around, and let me give you some information about this place.游客1（Tourist 1）: Good morning, Lisa! We're excited to explore this landmark with you. Could you tell us a bit about its history?导游（Guide）: Of course! This landmark was built in the 18th century and has great historical significance. It served as a royal palace and witnessed many important events throughout history.游客2（Tourist 2）: That's fascinating! Are there any specific areas or exhibits we should pay attention to?导游（Guide）: Absolutely! We'll visit the main hall, where you'll see stunning artwork and historical artifacts. We'll also explore the beautifully landscaped gardens and learn about their design.游客3（Tourist 3）: I heard that there's a famous painting in one of the rooms. Will we get a chance to see it?导游（Guide）: Yes, indeed! That painting is located in the grand gallery, and we'll make sure to include it in our tour. It's a masterpiece by a renowned artist, depicting a significant event from the past.游客1（Tourist 1）: That's fantastic! I can't wait to see it. How long will the tour last, and are there any breaks scheduled?导游（Guide）: The tour will last approximately two hours, and we'llhave a short break halfway through. Feel free to ask questions along the way, and I'll be happy to provide more information.游客2（Tourist 2）: Thank you, Lisa! We appreciate your guidance. One more question: are photography and video recording allowed during the tour?导游（Guide）: Yes, photography is allowed in most areas, but please refrain from using flash or tripod stands. As for video recording, it's permitted as long as it doesn't disturb other visitors or obstruct the tour.游客3（Tourist 3）: Understood! We'll be mindful of that. Thank you for the information, Lisa. Let's get started with the tour!导游（Guide）: You're welcome! Let's begin our exploration of this magnificent landmark. Please follow me, and don't hesitate to ask if you have any further questions. Enjoy your tour!在这个对话中，导游向游客介绍了旅游景点的历史和重要区域，并解答了游客们的问题。
三个人的英语对话(导游,游客,前台)
三个人的英语对话(导游,游客,前台)导游: Good morning! Are you here for the tour?游客: Yes, we are. We booked the city tour for today.导游: Great! Can I have your names please?游客: My name is John and this is my wife Lisa.导游: Nice to meet you both. And your last name, please?游客: Our last name is Smith.导游: Okay, Mr. and Mrs. Smith. I have your tickets right here. Please keep them safe as they will be your pass for the tour.游客: Thank you.前台: Excuse me, may I help you with anything else?导游: Yes, please. We would like to know if there are any restrictions or special instructions for the tour.前台: Sure, there are a few things you need to keep in mind. First, please be on time for the tour. Second, we recommend wearing comfortable shoes and clothing as we will be walking for some parts of the tour. And finally, please listen to the guide"s instructions and do not wander off on your own.游客: Got it. Thank you for letting us know.导游: Alright, let"s get going then. The tour starts in 10 minutes. Follow me please.。
导游英语情景口语Item
the Nine-Horse Hill 九马画山 Guilin’s landscaped is second to none.
Says there are five wonders: emerald lakes, layered waterfalls, colorful forests, snow-clad peaks and Tibetan customs. Ask which is the most typical.
2. Guilin is famous for its beautiful scenery. Do you know which adjective words can often be used to describe the word “scenery”?
Answer:
1.Four wonders are green hills, elegant rivers, strange caves and beautiful rocks. The more famous scenic areas are he Lijiang River, the Elephant-Trunk Hill, the Folded Brocade Hill, the Wave-Subduing Hill, the Reed Flute Cave and the Seven-Star Cave., the Solitary Beauty Peak.
▪ Worcobble cormorant shroud wonderland
n. 风景，景色；风景画 n. 喀斯特 n. 鹅卵石 n. 鸬鹚，水老鸦 vt. 笼罩，覆盖 n. 仙境，奇异的地方
the Lijiang River
漓江
导游英语情景口语Item 再见,中国
Role-play
Situation A: A tour guide is bidding farewell to a tour group who is leaving for his country. Before the guests leave, there are a large number of matters a tour guide must attend to:
▪ Asks the tourists to check whether there is something for the local guide to deal with for them after their departure.
▪ Stands beside the door of the coach, and assists the tourists to get on.
▪ Helps the tourists to check out, reminds them to take their own items including their travel certificates, and warns them to take care of their valuables.
2. It is a good banquet that does not end. 天下没有不散的宴席。
3. I hope you have enjoyed all your stay. 希望你们在这里过得愉快。
关于导游的情景英语对话阅读
关于导游的情景英语对话阅读外出旅游，与导游之间的英语实用对话是需要好好了解的，今天店铺在这里为大家介绍一些关于导游的情景英语对话，希望对大家能够有所帮助!关于导游的情景英语对话一A:Hello, Walter?A：您好，是沃特吗?B:Yes. Hi, what's up?B：是的。
嗨，什么事?A;l was wondering if you wonted to go for-a walk with us.A：我想问问您想不想和大家出去走走。
B:I'm afraid not. I'm sick. I have a fever but I'm cold, and I threw up earlier.B：我怕不行，我病了。
我发烧，但又觉得很冷，而且先前我还呕吐了。
A:Oh, man.I hope you get to feeling better.A：噢，天哪。
我希望您会觉得舒服一点。
B:I would feel better if you came over and took care of me.B：如果您能过来照顾我的话，我会觉得好一点儿的导游英语情景口语对话导游英语情景口语对话。
A:OK, then. I'll be there in a minute.A：那好吧。
我马上就过来。
(after a while...)(过了一会儿……)A:Walter! Where are you?A：沃特，您在哪儿?B:I'm in the bathroom.B：我在洗手间里。
A:What took you so long?A：您怎么这么长时间?B;l was in the bathroom with the runs.B：我在洗手间里拉肚子。
A:Gross. Diarrhea?A：真恶心。
是痢疾吗?B:It's not so bad.B：没有那么严重。
英语导游情景对话作文模板
英语导游情景对话作文模板场景对话作文模板，英语导游。
导游：Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the historic city of Edinburgh. I'm your guide, [your name]. I'm very excited to show you around this beautiful city.游客：Thank you. We're very excited to be here.导游：Our first stop is Edinburgh Castle, which is one of the most iconic landmarks in Scotland. It's a stunning castle that sits on top of a hill overlooking the city.游客：Wow, it's beautiful!导游：Yes, it is. Edinburgh Castle has a long and fascinating history. It was built in the 12th century and has been used as a royal residence, a military fortress, and a prison.游客：I can't wait to explore it.导游：I'm sure you will. After we visit the castle, we'll take a walk down the Royal Mile, which is one of the most famous streets in Edinburgh. It's lined with shops, restaurants, and historical buildings.游客：That sounds great.导游：Our next stop will be the National Museum of Scotland, which is one of the most popular museums in the country. It has a wide range of exhibits, including everything from dinosaurs to Scottish history.游客：I love museums!导游：I'm sure you will enjoy this one. After the museum,we'll take a walk through the Princes Street Gardens, which are a beautiful park in the heart of the city.游客：That sounds like a perfect way to end our tour.导游：I'm glad you think so. I hope you've enjoyed your tour of Edinburgh. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask.游客：Thank you. We've had a wonderful time.中文回答：导游：大家好，欢迎来到历史名城爱丁堡。
导游英语情景口语Item 古玩家具
Landscapes and flower-and-bird paintings.
你可真会讨价还价。 Ask the shop assistant to give a general introduction of what they own.
我想和我的游客先看看。
3. teapoy
c. 印章
4. cupboard
d. 字画
5. clay figure
e. 茶几
6. pottery
f. 橱柜
1.( ) 2.( ) 3.( ) 4.( ) 5.( ) 6.( )
▪ Words and Phrases
coin
n. 钱币
fake
adj. 仿制的，伪造s and Ancient Furniture 古玩家具
▪Warm-up: Work in pairs. Match the words in column A with those in column B.
Column A
Column B
1. seal
a. 陶器
2. calligraphy and painting b. 泥塑
reproduction n.
Their prices are very reasonable.
这个可以打八折。 clay figure
landscape painting
e. 山水画
landscape painting
山水画
6. You are a good bargainer. I want to look around first with my tourists.
Some coins of Tang Dynasty. 2. What’s the main kind of traditional Chinese paintings?
英语情景对话三人关于导游
英语情景对话三人关于导游Peter:Hi, Dave. Long time no see. How are you?Dave:Fine, thanks. I just come back from Guilin. I went together with my friend, Tour Guide, in the summer vocation.Tour Guide: Hi, Peter. It’s nice to see you again.Peter: Me too. Did you have a good time?Tour Guide: I think we did. The scenery there was so beautiful. The water was clear and the air was fresh. We went boating, swimming and eating. The food there was really delicious.Peter: Have you taken any photos?Dave: Of course. There are some in my mobile phone, see.Peter: That is really beautiful.Tour Guide: Yes, it’s really an impressive experience and we really enjoyed ourselves. Thenhow is everything with you, Peter?Peter: I am fine, too.Thank you. I stayed at home in the summer holidays. Oh,maybe you can help me with this.Dave: What can we do for you?Peter: I am planning a trip for the National Day. But I can't make up my mind as to which city I should go. It is really hard to decide.Tour Guide: Hehehe ...decision decision, ok. Maybe three heads are better than one. What are the choices?Peter: Hangzhou, Suzhou, and Yangzhou.Dave: I went to Suzhou last year. I had very bad experiences there. The taxi drivers were rude. The hotel services were lousy and the food was bad.Peter: All right, forget Suzhou then. How about Hangzhou and Yangzhou?Tour Guide: I have never been there. But it’s said that Hangzhou is really a good place and the west lake there is quite beautiful.Dave:I had never been there either.I can't make any comments on that. Let's check out the information through the Internet and I think it will tell us all necessary information.Peter: Great! (So Peter,Dave and Tour Guide check out the information on the Internet)Dave: Peter, you can see that the airlines, hotels are not offering any discounts if you want to go to Hangzhou as it is the peak seson in summer. But if you go to Yangzhou, you can get big discounts on the hotels.Tour Guide: In my opinion,Peter, you should take that into consideration,right?Peter: You are right. I really hate to go to a scenery packed with people.I can always pick a better time to go to Hangzhou,right?Dave: Absolutely.Peter：You know,this will be my first journey,do you have some advice for me?Tour Guide:You should take enough money and some clothes with you.You can get more information through the Internet. You need to know all the details before setting out.Dave:The most important,tell your family where you go,and keep touch with us.Peter:Thank you so much.Tour Guide: No thanks. That's what friends are for. Hope you have a good time through the National Day.Peter：Oh,I have to go now.Bye.Tour Guide&Dave:Bye-bye.。
导游英语情景口语听力材料及答案
听力材料Item 1 Meeting Guests Model 1: Meeting Guests at the AirportWords and PhraseslobbyguideLos Angelestiredneverthelessinterestingluggagetravel servicetourist groupI can manageshuttle busparking lotUseful Expressions1. Welcome to China!2. Did you have a good trip?3. You all need a good rest first.4. You will have plenty of time to see all the interesting places in China.5. Is everyone in the group here?6. Shall I help you with your luggage?7. The shuttle bus is just waiting in the parking lot.Dialogue I: Meeting Guests at the AirportScene: In the airport lobby, Meng Jun, a young tour guide from the Youth Travel Service, is greeting a tourist group from the United States headed by James Green.M：Excuse me! Are you Mr. Green from Los Angeles?J：Yes, I’m James Green.M：Nice to meet you, Mr. Green. I’m Meng Jun, your tour guide from theYouth Travel Service. Just call me Jun.J：Nice to meet you, too.M：(Meng Jun shakes hands with Mr. Green and other guests) Welcometo China!J：We’re so glad you’ve come to meet us at the airport, Jun.M：Did you have a good trip, Mr. Green?J：Yes, quite pleasant. But we feel a bit tired after the long flight.M：Yes, you must. You all need a good rest first.J：Nevertheless we are all excited that we’ve finally arrived in thecountry that we have beenwishing to see for years.M：You will have plenty of time to see all the interesting places inChina. Is everyone in the group here?J：Yes, a party of ten. We have five ladies and five gentlemen.M：Good. Can we go now? Shall I help you with your luggage, Mr.Green?J：No, thanks. I can manage.M：Please follow me, ladies and gentlemen! The shuttle bus is justwaiting in the parking lot.J：That’s fine. Hurry up, guys!M：This way, please.Listen and Answer:1．Are you Mr. Green from Los Angeles?2．Did you have a good trip?3．Is everyone in the group here?4．Shall I help you with your luggage?5．Is the shuttle bus waiting outside?Model 2: On the Way to the HotelWords and Phrasestouristinternationalenjoyablememorableswanefficientextensivefacilitydineentertainsquaremonumentmagnificentreceptionscenic spotshistorical sitesGreat WallThe Palace MuseumThe Summer Palacereception deskUseful Expressions1. Is everybody on the bus?2. Shall we go now?3. Let me introduce my team to you first.4. We will do our best to make your trip more enjoyable and memorable.5. It’s one of the best four-star hotels in the city.6. I hope you will enjoy your stay there.7. Next, I’d like to introduce something about this city.8. There’re many famous scenic spots and historical sites in Beijing.9. I’m afraid you need a good rest first.10. Let’s get off and go to the reception desk.Dialogue II: On the Way to the HotelScene:Zhu Wei, the guide, met the tour group at the airport and they are driving to the hotel. The coach is about to start.Z: Is everybody on the bus?T: Yes, I think so.Z: Shall we go now?T: Yes, please.Z: ( to all the tourists in the coach ) Welcome to China, ladies andgentlemen. Let me introduce my team to you first. My name is ZhuWei. I am a tour guide from China International Travel Service. I’ll bewith you for your trip in Beijing. This is Mr. Fang, our driver. We willdo our best to make your trip more enjoyable and memorable. Ihope you will have a very pleasant stay here in Beijing. Thank youvery much! Now, we are driving straight to the hotel, the White SwanHotel.T: Well, how far is it to the hotel?Z: It’ll take us about one hour. It’s one of the best four-star hotels inthe city. There is warm and efficient service with extensive leisurefacilities. I hope you will enjoy your stay there.T: That’s great.Z: Next, I’d like to introduce something about this city. Beijing is thecapital of China. It is a pleasant place to visit as well as to do business,shop, dine, or be entertained. There’re many famous scenic spotsand historical sites in Beijing, such as the Great Wall, the PalaceMuseum, the Summer Palace, and so on.T: We are really longing for a visit.Z: You must be tired after the long trip. I’m afraid you need a good rest first.T: That’s very kind of you. Oh, look, what a big square!Z: Yes, it is Tian’anmen. It is perhaps one of the largest squares in the world today.T: That’s rather interesting. What about that building?Z: It is the Monument to the People’s Heroes.T: I see, it looks magnificent.Z: Well, here we are. This is the hotel. Let’s get off and go to the reception desk.T: OK.Listen and Answer:1．Is everybody on the bus?2．Where does Zhu Wei come from?3．Are there many famous scenic spots and historical sites in Beijing?4．What is that big square?5．What about the magnificent building?Model 3: A Welcome SpeechWords and PhrasesspeechsurnameexperiencesuggestionhesitateswanlobbyrememberUseful Expressions1．Allow me to introduce myself.2．And this is Mr. Deng, our driver, who has had 10 years of driving experience.3．We’ll do everything possible to make your visit a pleasant experience.4．If you have any problems or suggestions, please don’t hesitate to let us know.5．Please do remember the plate number of our bus.Passage Reading I: A Welcome SpeechGood morning, ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to China. Allow me to introduce myself. My name is Huang Lan. Huang is my surname, so you may call me Xiao Huang. I’m a guide from Zhejiang China Travel Service. And this is Mr. Deng, our driver, who has had 10 years of driving experience. We’re glad to have all of you here.I’ll be with you during your five-day tour in this city and we’ll be at your service at any time. We’ll do everything possible to make your visit a pleasant experience. If you have any problems or suggestions, please don’t hesitate to let us know.The hotel where you stay is the White Swan Hotel. It offers the best services in this city. We shall meet at the hotel lobby at 7:00 a.m. for our first visit tomorrow. Please do remember the plate number of our bus. The number is 192588. Thank you.We hope you’ll enjoy your stay in this city.Listen and Answer:1．What’s the guide’s surname?2．How many years of driving experience does the driver have?3．How long will the tourists stay in this city?4．What’s the name of the hotel?5．What’s the plate number of the bus?Model 4: China-a Country with an Ancient Civilization Words and Phrasesancientcivilizationinventorcompassprintingresourceelegantwaterfallsrarespeciesdistinctivecuisinedomesticpoliticalcontemporarycultural relicshistorical siteslook forward to (doing)Useful Expressions1. China has a written history of over 5,000 years of civilization and boasts rich cultural relics and historical sites.2. China attracts a large number of domestic and foreign tourists every year.3. Beijing, the capital city of the People’s Republic of China, is the country’s political and cultural center.4. Beijing, as well as the whole country of China, is looking forward to welcoming friends from all over the world!Passage Reading II: China-a Country with an Ancient CivilizationChina has a written history of over 5,000 years of civilization and boasts rich cultural relics and historical sites. It is the inventor of compass, papermaking, gunpowder and printing. Thanks to China’s rich tourist resources ----- high mountains, elegant river, springs and waterfalls, rich and varied folk customs, rare species, scenic spots and historical sites, distinctive opera, music and dance, and world-famous cuisine, China attracts a large number of domestic and foreign tourists every year.Beijing, the capital city of the People’s Republic of China, is the country’s political and cultural center. It is also one of the world’s most famous historical and cultural cities where youcan learn the 1000-year contemporary history of the country.Beijing, as well as the whole country of China, is looking forward to welcoming friends from all over the world!Listen and Answer:1．Does China have a written history of over 1,000 years of civilization?2．What are the China’s rich tourist resources, give some examples?3．What are the four inventions?4．Where is the capital city of the People’s Republic of China?5．How many years of contemporary history does Beijing have?More Listening Practice:Listening IAt the AirportA:Excuse me, but are you Mr. Davis from UK?B:Why, yes, I’m Mark Davis.A:Oh, Mr. Davis. I’m very glad to meet you. My name is Zhu Lan.I’m the guide from the Beijing Travel Service.B:Hello, Ms Zhu. Thank you for coming to meet us.A: Welcome to China Mr. Davis. How was your trip?B:Fine. We had a very pleasant flight. Let me introduce to you MissTyler, my assistant. She is in charge of the daily affairs of our tourparty.A: How do you do, Miss Tyler? I’m pleased to meet you.B:How do you do? I’m pleased to meet you, too.A: We’ve made reservations for your party at the Hong Kong GardenHotel.B:Thank you very much.A: Shall we go to the hotel now? The shuttle bus is just waiting outside.B:Fine.A: Your baggage will be sent to your rooms in the hotel.B:That’s good.A: May I help with your suitcase, Mr. Davis?B:It’s very kind of you.Listening IITraveling in BeijingThere are many fascinating sights in and near Beijing, but before visiting the attractions, spend an hour or two walking the streets. Get off the main boulevards and wander through the mazelike alleys where most residents live or perhaps stroll down Old Culture Street. If your hotel is downtown , walk to the walled 14th-century Forbidden City, so named because it was off limits to ordinary citizens. On its grounds are six palaces and 800 smaller buildings, containing 9000rooms. The main gate of the palace opens onto Tiananmen Square. The square is the site of the Monument to the People’s Heroes, Mao Zedong’s Mausoleum, the Great Hall of the People, the Museum of Chinese History; the Museum of the Chinese Revolution.Item 2 Hotel Check-inModel 1: Hotel Room ReservationWords and PhrasesclientluxuriousreservationdeluxepresidentialconfirmsuiteUseful Expressions1．This is Hu Hong, the tour guide of China Youth Travel Agency.2．I’d like to reserve a room in Guangzhou.3．What kind of room would you like to reserve?4．How long would you stay here?5．There would be some discount when the hotel is not very busy.6．Is there anything else I can do for you?7．Just call me when you have other questions.Dialogue I : Hotel Room ReservationG: This is Hu Hong, the tour guide of China Youth Travel Agency.Can I help you?C: This is John Smith from London. I’d like to reserve a room in Guangzhou. Will you please arrange it for me?G: It’s my pleasure. What kind of room would you like to reserve? We have singles, doubles, suites of different styles, deluxe ones.C: A British suite, please.G: OK. How long would you stay here?C: Three days from the third to the fifth of March.G: Now, Mr. Smith, let’s check the information. You’d like to reserve a British suite for three days from the third to the fifth of March. Is thatso?C: Yes, exactly.G: Is there anything else I can do for you?C: Can you give some idea about the price for the hotel?G: well, it’s about 1000 RMB for one day. And there would be some discount when the hotel is not very busy.C: OK. I see. Thank you for the information.G: Thank you for calling. We look forward to seeing you. Just call me when you have other questions.C: Thank you. Bye!G: Good bye.Listen and Answer:1. Who is the Caller, where is he from?2. How long would the visitor stay in the hotel?3. What kind of room would the visitor like to reserve?4. What is the price to stay at the hotel for three days?5. Is it possible to have some discount?Model 2: Checking inWords and PhrasesSino-Germandelegationname-listwell-preparedvouchertwin roomsgroup visamorning-call servicebreakfast buffetUseful Expressions1．May I help you?2．We’d like to check in.3．Do you have reservations?4．A moment, please.5．Here is the name-list with the group visa.6．Here are the vouchers for your breakfast buffet.7．Wish you a nice stay here.Dialogue II: Checking inScene:The tour guide is helping a group of foreign visitors to check in at a hotel in Shanghai.The reception clerk receives the tour guide.C: Good morning, madam. May I help you?G: Yes, please. We’d like to check in.C: Do you have reservations?G: Yes. The Shanghai Youth Travel Agency has booked 15 rooms for us.C: Would you please tell me the name of your group?G: The Sino-German Friendship Bridge Delegation.C: A moment, please.(The clerk looks up the computer)C: Yes, 15 twin rooms for four nights.G: Yes, exactly. Here is the name-list with the group visa.C: Thank you. You are well-prepared. Here are the keys to the rooms. Do you need morning call service?G: Yes, please make it at 7:00 a.m. for tomorrow morning and 8:00 a.m.for the rest of the days.C: Here are the vouchers for your breakfast buffet. The breakfast will be served at the dining hall on the second floor from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m..G: Thank you.C: Thank you and wish you a nice stay here.Listen and Answer:1．What is the name of the traveling group?2．How many rooms has the group reserved?3．What is the name of the travel agency that reserved the rooms for the group?4．How long will the group stay in the hotel?5．What time is breakfast served in the hotel?Model 3: Itinerary PlanningWords and PhrasesitineraryaccompanypedestrianconductedmemorialsightseeingvehiclecrystalUseful Expressions1. Hello everybody, can everyone hear me?2. I’d like to say something about tomorrow’s arrangement.3. The tour starts at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning and lasts about two hours.4. We’ll meet outside the hotel entrance at about ten to nine.5. There are some sightseeing vehicles available here and there.6. The tour will end at the Crystal Teahouse in the main square.7. I hope you will enjoy the tour.Dialogue III: Itinerary PlanningA: Hello everybody, Can you hear me?B: Yes, very clearly!A: Thank you. I’d like to say something about tomorrow’s arrangement.B: Yeah! Go ahead.A: I’ll accompany you on a conducted tour round the city tomorrow.B: Yes.A: The tour starts at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning and lasts about two hours.B: What time should we be ready?A: Please be ready at 8: 50. We’ll meet outside the hotel entrance at about ten to nine. Is that OK?B: OK, ten to nine.A: I suggest you bring your sunglasses, umbrella, and a hat as the weather is sunny.B: Yes, thank you. How should we go?A: We’ll pay a visit to the Grand Theatre first. We’ll go there by coach.B: What will we do next?A: We’ll walk through the pedestrian mall on Nanjing Road and thenvisit the fruit and vegetable marketB: Wonderful! I just want to buy some fresh fruit.A: Then we’ll pass by the heroe s’ memorial and walk along the river.B: So, we need to walk a lot.A: Well, it depends. There are some sightseeing vehicles available here and there.B: That’s great!A: The tour will end at the Crystal Teahouse in the main square.There you’ll be able to enjoy our famous local cake.B: Wonderful!A: I hope you will enjoy the tour. See you in the morning.Listen and Answer:1. When will the tour start and how long will it last?2. What time and where should the tourists meet?3. What does the tour guide suggest the tourists bring?4. How will the group go to the Grand Theatre?5. Where is the end of the tour?Model 4: Process of Hotel Guest RegistrationWords and Phrasesapproachestablishtitleassigndepositcardholdervalidityreceiptcashiereye contactUseful Expressions1. Greet each guest with a smile in your voice as well as on your face.2. You should first establish and keep eye contact with the guest.3. When addressing the guest, do not call a guest by his or her first name.4. Ask the guest to show his or her credit card for an imprint or to pay a deposit.Passage Reading: Process of Hotel Guest RegistrationIf you are a reception clerk at the reception desk, you should always greet each guest with a smile in your voice as well as on your face. When a guest is approaching, you should first establish and keep eye contact with the guest. Then try to find out the guest’s name immediately and use it during the conversation. Always use polite titles as “Mr.” or “Ms.”When addressing the guest, do not call a guest by his or her first name.Next, find out if the guest has a reservation. Then, check the reservation in the computer and confirm the room information with the guest.After that, ask the guest to show his or her passport and to fill out the registration form. When the form is ready, you should try to find out the needs of the guest, . the position of the room.Then, assign a room to the guest and prepare the key to the room. Before giving the key to the guest, ask the guest to show his or her credit card for an imprint or to pay a deposit. Upon receiving the credit card, check the name of the cardholder and validity. Collect 150%of the room rate and give the guest the receipt. Next, confirm with the guest the departure date, room rate and other needs. Fill out the room card and tell the guest the room number. If there’s nothing wrong, give the guest the room card and key to the room. When everything is done, thank the guest and wish him /her a pleasant stay.At last, turn in the guest registration form, credit card imprint and a copy of deposit receipt to the cashier.Listen and Answer:1. When greeting a guest, what should you pay attention to?2. When addressing a guest, what title can you use?3. Upon receiving the credit card, what information should you check?4. What should be done with the credit card?5. What information should be checked before giving the guest the room key?More Listening Practice:Listening IA Group ReservationR: Good morning. Reservations.How may I help you?C: Good morning. I’d like to reserve rooms for my group.R: What type of rooms do you want to reserve?C: We have 10 people. ___ five twin rooms, please.R: For which dates?C: From ____21st to 23rd ___ of March.R: Wait a minute, please. _ five twin rooms for March from 21st to 23rd .Yes, those rooms are available .C: What will be the rate?R: It’s __600 RMB per night.C: Can you give us _ a special rate_ since we always stay in your hotel ?R: May I have your name, please?C: Brutes Lewis from General Traveling Company.R: Oh, Yes, Mr. Lewis, there is a __20______percent discount for regular customers.C: How can I _guarantee my reservation ?R: You can guarantee the reservation with your _ credit card number_.C: My __ Visa card number is 3600 54762 5819.R: OK. Mr. Lewis. How will you be arriving?C: By air _____. Do you have pick-up __ service?R: When will you be arriving at the airport?C: The arrival time should be __12:45_.R: OK. Our hotel bus will be there at that time.Listening IIExtending the StayR: Good morning, sir. May I help you ?G: I meant to check out today, but I have to stay three more nights here.R: May I know your name and room number, please?G: Andrew Stowe of Room 618 .R: Please wait a minute Mr. Stowe. I’ll check the computer record . Here, today is 12th. You want to extend your stay till 15th ?G: Yes, exactly.R: I’m sorry, sir. You can only stay in that room for one more night. Your floor was reserved for a conference from the 14th .G: What will be my next two nights__?R: Would you mind changing to room _819__C: Not at all.R: Thank you, sir. This is your registration form. Please replace the departure date with the 15th.G: OK.Item 3 Housekeeping ServiceModel 1: Escorting the Guest into the Guest RoomWords and Phrasesusherspaciouswardrobefaucetswitchlaptoplobby attendantsafe-deposit boxUseful Expressions1．Welcome to our floor.2．I’m the attendant for this floor.3．There is a price list over there.4．There is an Internet broad band access hookup on the desk.5．If you need any help, please let me know.Dialogue I: Escorting the Guest into the Guest RoomScene: The lobby attendant ushers Mr. Jones onto the floor of his room. The floor attendant, Xiao Wu is waiting for them.L: Hello, Xiao Wu. This is Mr. Jones of Room 1506.X: Nice to meet you, Mr. Jones. Welcome to our floor.J: Nice to meet you, too.X: I’m the attendant for this floor. We’re glad to have you here. Thisway, please.J: Good.X: Here we are. This is your room, Mr. Jones.J: Oh, the room seems very spacious!X: Yes. Mr. Jones, could I put your suitcase by the wardrobe?J: Yes, please.X: Well, Mr. Jones, let me introduce the facilities in the room. First, let’ssee the bathroom. The red faucet is for hot water and the white one isfor cold water.J: Is the water drinkable?X: No. You may get hot drinking water from the mini-jar, and cold drinksfrom the mini-bar.J: Do you have a price list for the things in the mini-bar?X: Yes, there is a price list over there. Well, and this is theair-conditioning switch. The temperature in your room can beadjusted as you like.J: Can I make IDD calls in the room?X: Yes. For IDD calls, just dial 9, and then 0-0. Next, dial the country code and the area code before the phone number you want to call.Besides, there is a phone index on the desk.J: I see. Is the Internet available through my laptop?X: Certainly. There is an internet broad band access hookup on the desk.J: How much do you charge for the use of it?X: It’s 5 RMB per hour. Would you please keep your valuables in the safe-deposit box in the wardrobe?J: Certainly. Thank you so much.X: It’s my pleasure. If you need any help, please let me know.Listen and Answer:1. What is the room number of Mr. Jones?2. Is Jones satisfied with the size of the room?3. What is an IDD call, how to make an IDD call in the room?4. Is the Internet available in the room, how much is it?5. Where the valuables should be kept?Model 2 Making up the RoomWords and Phrasestowelovernightmesscozyturn-down serviceUseful Expressions1. Should I do the turn-down service for you now?2. Would you tidy up a bit in the bathroom?3. Would you like me to draw the curtains for you, sir and madam?4. Is there anything else I can do for you?5. We try to be always at your service.Dialogue II: Making up the RoomScene:The Browns are sitting in the room when a room attendant knocks at the door to see whether the turn-down service is to be done.A: Good evening, sir and madam. Should I do the turn-down servicefor you now?B: Oh, thank you. But we are having some friends over to have a smallparty here in the room. Could you come back in three hours?A: Certainly, madam. I’ll be off at seven, but I’ll let the overnight staffknow. They will come then.B: That’s fine. Well, our friends seem to be a little late. Would you tidyup a bit in the bathroom?A: No problem.B: Besides, please bring us a bottle of just boiled water. We’d treat ourguests with typical Chinese tea.A: Yes, madam. I’ll bring in some fresh towels together with the drinkingwater.B: OK.A: (Having done all on request)It’s growing dark. Would you like me to draw the curtains for you,sir and madam?B: Why not? That would be so cozy.A: May I turn on the lights for you?C: Yes, please. I’d like to read short stories while waiting.A: Yes, sir. Is there anything else I can do for you?B: Nothing more. Thank you very much. You’re a smart boy indeed.A: We try to be always at your service. Good-bye, sir and madam, anddo have a very pleasant evening.Listen and Answer:1. When will the Browns want to have their turn-down service?2. Who will do the turn-down service for the Browns?3. What is the room attendant required to do now?4. What will Mr. Brown do while waiting for the friends?5. Are the Browns satisfied with the room attendant?Model 3: About Room Service OrderWords and Phrasescroissantdonutpotextrasaladroom serviceUseful Expressions1. What would you like to order?2. Would you like a cup of coffee or a pot of coffee?3. A pot costs about 20 RMB extra.4. Our waiter will be there in around 10 minutes.5. Please feel free to ask.Dialogue III: About Room Service OrderScene: Mr. Lock in Room 1608 orders his breakfast. The staff takes his order.S: Good morning. Room service. What can I do for you?L: Hi, I’d like to order some food for my breakfast.S: Yes, sir. What would you like to order?L: I’d like a ham and cheese croissant, a boiled egg, and a coffee.S: Would you like a cup of coffee or a pot of coffee?L: What’s the difference?S: A pot costs about 20 RMB extra.L: A pot please.S: Anything else?L: Do you have green salads?S: Yes, sir. Do you want one?L: Yes, a green salad.S: Anything else?L: No, that’s all.S: Could I have your name?L: Mr. Lock of Room 1608.S: So, Mr. Lock, we’ll send to Room 1608 one ham and cheese croissant,a boiled egg, a pot of coffee and a green salad. Our waiter will bethere in around 10 minutes. If there is anything more you may need,please feel free to ask.L: OK.S: Thank you. I hope you’ll have a good day.Listen and Answer:1. Why does Mr. Lock make the phone call?2. What did Mr. Lock order for the breakfast?3. How much more does a pot cost than a cup of coffee?4. How long should Mr. Lock wait for the breakfast?5. What is the room number of Mr. Lock?Model 4: Hotels TodayWords and PhrasesgenerallyvacationcommercialtransientresortseashoreresidentialluxuriousinexpensiverangemoderateUseful Expressions1. Hotels designed for business people are known as commercial or transient hotels.2. Transient hotels are usually located in the business section of town,3．This (residential) is designed to meet the needs of people who want to live in a hotel.4. Some hotels have as few as ten rooms, and others have several hundred.5. Hotels range from the very luxurious, which charge high rates, to the small and inexpensive that fall within the price range of large number of travelers.Passage Reading: Hotels TodayHotels today are quite different from those of the past. People who stay in them are generally traveling for business, or they are touring or on vacation. So hotels are designed mainly to meet the needs of one of those two groups of people. Hotels designed for business people are known as commercial or transient hotels. Hotels for people on vacation are called vacation or resort hotels.Transient hotels are usually located in the business section of town, while resort hotels may be at the seashore, on a mountain lake, or in the desert.In addition to these two main types, there is a third type of hotel, called a residential hotel. This is design ed to meet the needs of people who want to live in a hotel. Inns and hotels are located in nearly every population center in the world. In the United States alone there are about thirty thousand. Some hotels have as few as ten rooms, and others have several hundred. Among the largest hotels in the world today are the Conrad Hilton in Chicago, Illinois, and the Russia in Moscow, each with about three thousand rooms. In every hotel, travelers find small single rooms for the use of one person; larger double rooms for the use of two people and arrangement of two or more rooms, called suites, which can be used by a group of persons traveling together.Hotels range from the very luxurious, which charge high rates, to the small and。
旅游英语情景对话—接机、点餐、游玩
情境一接机：导游1：Excuse me, are you Mrs. Smith?游客A: I'm Smith. These two are friends of the same business导游1：Hello, welcome to Changsha. I'm Xiao Zhang, a tour guide from Shewai Travel Agency导游2：Hello, I am Xiao Wang from foreign Travel Agency. Xiao Zhang and I will be your tour guides for this trip to Changsha.游客B：Nice to meet you. Thank you for picking us up.导游1：You must be very tired after the long flight. First, I will take you to the hotel to have a rest. The car is in the parking lot.游客C：Great. Let's go to the hotel. I'm really tired.导游2：Let me help you with your luggage游客C：Great, thank you.导游2：My pleasure情境二酒店点餐：服务生：Good evening. Do you have a reservation游客A：We don't have a reservation服务生：Ok，How many would you like to eat?游客B：We have three of them。
服务生：This way, please。
Here is your table. Is this all right?游客C：Is the window seat over there reserved?服务生：It was not booked by a guest游客C：Let's sit over there, shall we?游客B：Sure, just sit over there。
导游英语情景口语Item 欢送词
4. Try to explain the Chinese saying “there is nothing more delightful than to meet friends afar” in English.
Wp但roh愿mic在hot将ceit来y i的s c某vo.n个si时de候re，d a与s大th家e e再n相gin会e。of China’s economy?
culture? W但有T令ryh愿朋人ato在 自 尊t me将远敬xap来方的ylaa的来info某，trhe个不eigC时亦nhe候乐irnae，乎psp与erse大aciy家ainte再gC“相thh会ienre。eseiscnuolttuhrineg? more delightful than to meet friends afar” in English. For example, Chinese handippcrafts, 孔S海h子滨anghai.
7. I would like to welcome you back. 但愿在将来的某个时候，与大家再相会。
▪ Listen and Answer
1. Where does the tour guide come from?
She comes from China International Travel Service. h但IT没awh愿有neodut在 各iolcdur将位arlifkc来的teo的支utold某持wnn’个，et. lhc时这aovm候次ee，旅bye与游oeun大不btha家可ac再能kt .s相如uc会此ce。成ss功fu。l without your support.
导游英语情景口语Item 机场送客
is
the
tourist.
Useful Expressions
Tour cart
n.
guide:
Learn the following words and answer “What are the procedure for checking in at the airport?”
6. Hope to see you soon. 希望能再次见到您。
7. A happy journey home. 回家旅途愉快。
▪ Listen and Answer
1. 1. What does the tour guide do to help the tour group check in the airport?
Learn the following words and answer “What are the procedure for checking in at the airport?”
cart
n.
5. How do the tour guide and the guests say Davidson enjoys his trip home.
reconfirm air ticket Information Office
departure time air flight check-in desk in advance
boarding card/pass
luggage claim card
▪ Words and Phrases
cart
n. 手推车
2. Would you please wait for me for a few second time. 慢慢来。
英语面试情景对话 关于导游职务
英语面试情景对话关于导游职务英语面试情景对话：关于导游职务I：Hello，Mr. Li. Won't you sit down?A：Thanks a lot.I：I'm Weimin Liu，the personnel manager.Nice to meet you.A：How do you do，Mr. Liu?I'm pleased to see you.I：Now let's start with your identification. Pleasetell me your full name.A：My full name is Ming Li.I：Where do you e from?A：I e from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.I：How many people are there in your family?A：There are five of us：my grandmother，my parents，and elder sister and me.I：How do you get along with your sister?A：We get along very well.She is one year senior to me. When I go home during holidays every year， we go boating and mountain climbing together a lot.I：Do you think you are quite extroverted or introverted?A：Well，I always enjoy being with a group of people and chatting with others. But when I e to be reading，I prefer to be by myself.On the whole， I'm quite outgoing.I： Why do you want to be a tour guide?A：I like to travel and I also like meeting various kinds of people，so I think guiding Chinese tourists abroad would be interesting.I：What courses have you pleted at Beijing Institute of Foreign Languages for Tourism?A：In addition to English，I have studied economics of tourism，tourist marketing，tourist psychology，tourist cultures，tourist etiquette science，guiding methods and techniques，vocational ethics of tourism，law of tourism，and so on.I：Have you learned any other foreign languages other than English?A：Yes，I have learned a little French and German as well.I：What are the responsibilities of a tourist guide?A：A tourist guide must be responsible for arranging and coordinating tour activities，and offering service of transportation，aommodations，sightseeing，shopping and entertainment.I： Have you ever had any actual experience as atourist guide?A：I have a little experience.I guided a few groups of foreign tourist around Beijing last winter vacation.I showed them to the Great Wall，the Imperial Palace，the Ming Tombs，the Temple of Heaven，and the Summer Palace.I：Then you may know that it's hard work.A：Yes，I know. But I don't mind working hard.I： Have you sat for the National Examinations for Tourist Guides?A：Yes，I have got a qualification certificate.I：If we engage you as a guide in Overseas Department，which section do you expect to work in，Asian Section，or European Section， or American Section?A：I'd like to work in American Section，for my knowledge of America is better than that of the other continents.I：Speaking of America， I'd like to ask you a few questions.Which river is the longest one in America?A：The Mississippi River.I：Can you name some large cities in the U. S.?A：New York，Washington，San Francisco，Los Angeles，Philadelphia，Boston， Houston，。
导游旅客对话英文作文
导游旅客对话英文作文1. Hey there! Welcome to our tour! Are you excited to explore the city with us today?2. Wow, look at that beautiful architecture! Can you believe this building was constructed over a hundred years ago?3. Hey, do you have any questions about the history of this place? Feel free to ask me anything!4. Check out the local market over there. It's a great place to pick up some souvenirs and try some delicious street food.5. Hey, did you know that this city is famous for its vibrant art scene? You should definitely check out some of the galleries while you're here.6. Oh, look at that stunning view! Make sure to takelots of photos to remember this moment.7. Hey, have you tried the local specialty dish yet?It's a must-try while you're in town.8. Wow, that street performer is amazing! Let's stopand watch for a bit before we continue our tour.9. Hey, don't forget to visit the historical landmarksin the city. They have so much to teach us about the past.10. Oh, it looks like it's starting to rain. No worries, we can take shelter in that cozy café over there. Let's grab a hot drink and relax for a bit.。
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3. The rock looks somewhat different from the ordinary rocks. 这块岩石看起来和普通石头有点不同。 4. The rock has four particularities. 这块石头有四个特别之处。 5. It sounds instructive and patriotic. 听起来具有教育意义和爱国情怀。
3. When and Why did Pan Yunduan build Yuyuan Garden? He finished constructing the garden in 1577 in order to bring happiness and pleasure to his old parents. 4. How many scenes are there in the garden? More than 30.
Item 7 Tour of Gardens 园林游览
The best physicians are Dr.Diet,Dr.Quiet and Dr.Merry-man. 节食、安静和快乐是良医。
Model 1: A Trip to the Yu Yuan Garden 游览豫园
Warm-up: Work in pairs. This item we are going to take trips to different gardens in China. First let’s carry out a brief discussion.
颐和园，北京
The Chengde Mountain Summer Resort, The Humble Administrator’s Garden, The Lingering Garden,
拙政园，苏州
圆明园，北京
留园，苏州
The Garden of Perfection and Brightness,
Listen and Answer
1. Why does Jack invite Miss Zhang to travel Yuyuan Garden? Because Jack wants to know more knowledge about Yuyuan Garden and takes more pictures. 2. What usually attracts most tourists when they visit Yuyuan Garden? Most tourists are attracted by its ingenious architecture and layout.
5. Which two scenes are mentioned in detail in the dialogue? Yu Linglong (Exquisite Jade Rock) and the Hall for Summoning Spring.
Role-play
Situation A: Mr. Wang is a tour guide who is showing a team of tourists from Australia around the Yuyuan Garden. Mr. Wang: Greets the tourists. Introduces the history of the Yuyuan Garden. Explains the ingenious architecture and layout. Explains Yu Linglong to tourists. Explains the Hall for Summoning Spring.
2. Can you translate the following gardens into Chinese and tell each other where they are located. The Yuyuan Garden, The Summer Palace,
豫园， 上海 承德避暑山庄，河北
The Lion Grove Garden, The Master-of师园，苏州
The Retreat and Reflection Garden, The Grand View Garden.
退思园，苏州
大观园，北京
3. Can you say something about the Yuyuan Garden? And what type of garden does the Yuyuan Garden belong to?
1. Discuss the standards by which Chinese gardens can be classified. 1) Contents of gardens: naturalistic, man-made 2) Owners of gardens: imperial/royal, private, monastic, gardens in scenic resorts 3) Geographical location of gardens: south; north
Words and Phrases backpacker n. 背包族，背包徒步 旅行者 arched adj. 拱形的 ingenious adj. 精巧的， 敏捷的 architecture n. 建筑 layout n. 布局，设计 private adj. 私人的 pavilion n. 亭子 rockery n. 假山，石园林 particularity n. 特别之处
Tourists: Want to know the history of the Yuyuan Garden. Take pictures with the garden’s gate as a background. Appreciate the fascinating scenes. Appreciate Yu Linglong. Give exciting remarks.
peculiar adj. 特殊的 announcement n. 宣告，通告 imperialist n. 帝国主义者 uprising n. 起义，暴动 patriotic adj. 爱国主义的，爱国的 be characteristic of 具有……的特征 arched bridges 拱桥 twisting corridors and passages 回廊 the Hall for Summoning Spring 点春堂 the Small Sword Society 小刀会
Useful Expressions 1. Many tourists are attracted by its ingenious architecture and layout. 许多游客被它独特的建筑风格和奇异的布局 所吸引。
2. The buildings in the garden are characteristic of South China’s style of the Ming and Qing dynasties. 豫园的建筑具有江南明清的典型特征。