英语考试2019年真题解析(参考答案)

2019年真题解析
A. innovation
B. selection
C. proliferation
D. conviction
1. 艾滋病的，导致了寻找治疗方法的研究的增加。

A.创新
B. 选择
C.扩散
D.定罪
2. Most importantly, such an experience heightened sensitivity to other cultures and will bring about a greater appreciation of one's own culture as well.
A. contain
B. foster
C. discover
D. Censor
2.最重要的是，这种经历有助于增强对其他文化的敏感性，也将使人们更加了解自己的文化。

A.包含
B.寄养，培育
C.发现
D.审查
3. between China and Japan were the base of the later
A. initial
B. final
C. terminal
D. Primitive
3.中日之间的谈判是后来协议的基础。

A.初始
B.最终
C. 终端
D. 早期的，原始的
4. Metals we found in the earth ----iron, lead, and copper.
A. comprise
B. contain
C. conclude
D. compose
4.我们在地球上发现的金属-铁，铅和铜。

A.包含
B.包含
C.得出结论
D.撰写
5.
A. substitute
B. compensation
C. reward
D.bonus
5.汤姆给我一辆新的自行车B.补偿他弄丢的那一辆。

A.替代
B.补偿
C.奖励
D.奖金
ten years, natural gas production has remained steady,
steadily.
C. condition
D. disposition
6.在过去的十年中，天然气产量一直保持稳定，但A.消费稳定增长。

A.消费
B.处置
C.状况
D.处置
7. The Browns lived in and comfortably furnished house in the countryside.
A. spacious
B. sufficient
C. efficient
D. Constant
7.布朗一家住在乡间A.宽敞舒适的房子里。

A.宽敞
B.足够
C.有效
D.恒定
8. David his family because he worked with a gang of criminals to rob the commercial bank.
A. abolished
B. diminished
C. deserted
D. dismissed
8.大卫被家人放弃是因为他与一伙犯罪分子一起抢劫了商业银行。

A.废除
B.减少
C.弃用
D.撤职
9. The talks between the two leaders stage.
A. critical 8. criticismC. crisis D. critic
9.两国领导人之间的谈判已经到了一个A.关键的阶段。

A.关键的8.批评C. 危机D.评论家
10. though a few of them may be sold on the home market.
A. essentially
B. completely
C. necessarily
D. remarkably
10.这些商品实质上是用于出口的，尽管其中一些可能在国内市场上出售。

A.本质上
B.完全
C.必要
D.非常
11.We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people military threat.
A. yield up
B. yield to
C. yield in
D. yield at
11.我们热爱和平，但我们不是那种B屈服于任何军事威胁的人。

B屈服于，固定搭配。

12. John used teacher's tone and gestures to make his classmates laugh.
A. imitate
B. stimulate
C. intimate
D. resemble
12.约翰习惯于A.模仿老师的语气和手势使同学笑。

A.模仿
B.刺激
C.亲密
D.类似
13. The professor of a German novel.
A. is engaged with
B. is busy in
C. is occupied with
D. is absorbed to
13.教授_B.忙于一本德国小说的翻译。

A.与...订婚
B.具体用法及意思
1.be busy with sth
例如:I am busy with my homework!
2.be busy in doing sth
例如:I am busy in doing my homework!
上述两句是同意句,意思一致!
C.
be occupied with
英[bi ˈɒkjupaɪd wɪð] 美[bi ˈɑːkjupaɪd wɪð]
[词典]忙着做…；忙于某事物;
[例句]It must not be occupied with problems, with worries, with speculations.
你的心一定不能被问题、烦恼及臆测所占据。

D.正确说法应为be absorbed in 全神贯注于, 专心致志于
14. The findings the laws of physics.
A. violent
B. violate
C. voluntary
D. violet
14.研究结果似乎符合物理定律。

A.暴力
B.违反
C.自愿
D.紫罗兰
解析：词义辨析题
15. that we do not know how many species there are in the world.
A. embarrassing
B. boring
C. demanding
D. misleading
15.令人尴尬的是，我们不知道世界上有多少物种。

A.尴尬
B.无聊
C.要求
D.误导
解析：词义辨析题
A. ignorant of
B. ignorant about
C. ignorant with
D. ignorant to
16.科学是人类癌症的主要诱因。

解析：考查固定搭配
17. In the first several years of our economic reform, many military factories have
been into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.
A. changed
B. transformed
C. converted
D. altered
17.在我们的经济改革的头几年中，为了满足该国的需要，许多军事工厂都变成了民用工厂。

A.已更改
B.已转换
C.已转换
D.已更改
解析句意：经济改革的前几年中，为了适应国情的需要，我们把很多军用工厂改成了民用工厂。

transform指外形或面貌的整体改变；alter只是表面的或局部的变化，而没有变成另一种事物；
18.Some plants are they can only survive in a perfectly clean environment.
A. sensitive to
B. sensible to
C. sensitive against
D. sensible against
18.有些植物对污染如此敏感，以致只能在完全清洁的环境中生存。

解析：考查固定搭配
be sensitive to 和be sensitive about区别如下：
1、二者词意不同
两者都有对... 敏感的意思，但是be sensitive about 可表示对于… 在意：Teenagers are often very sensitive about their appearance.
青少年常常对自己的外表很在意。

be sensitive to 可表示易受伤害的, 易损坏的; 易受影响的
The cost is not sensitive to the batch size.
价格不因整批尺寸的变化而发生波动。

19.Don't eat chocolate; it will spoil your dinner.
20.To help these difficulties, some organizations have opted to group together machines that process parts which have a large set of common characteristics.
A. prevail
B. overcome
C. overpower
D. defeat
20.为了解决这些困难，一些组织选择将处理具有大量共同特征的零件的机器组合在一起。

A.胜出
B.克服
C.压倒性
D.失败
21. Some people find it helpful to have something to do with their hands, like , or playing with a bunch of keys.
A. knitting
B. beating
C. meeting
D. Dining
21.有些人发现用手做一些事情很有帮助，例如或使用一堆钥匙。

A.编织
B.殴打
C.会议
D. 用餐
22.Although many experts agree that more children are overweight, there is
debate over the best ways to the problem.
A.pursue
B. tackle
C. distinguish
D. conceal
22.尽管许多专家都认为更多的儿童超重，但仍在争论关于B.解决问题的最佳方法。

A.追求
B.解决
C.区分
D.隐瞒
these tricky problems,
but he has failed.
24.Drider says it is only since Sarkozy's government began discussing the matter that she has
been insults, harassment and death threats.
A. objected to
B. inferior to
C. confined to
D. subject to
24.德里德说，直到萨科齐政府开始讨论此事以来，她一直处于侮辱，骚扰和死亡威胁中。

A.反对
B.释义：不如；次于；比…低劣；比…差；(职位)比…低
C.局限在; 只限于; 禁闭; 限于
D. subject to英[ˈsʌbdʒɪkt tu] 美[ˈsʌbdʒɪkt tu]v.处于…中;使服从
例句：The play is a rueful, wry observation about the way we are all subject to the ravages of time 该剧凄然而讽刺地描述了我们大家是如何被岁月所摧残的。

rather than always imitating others.
A. single
B. individual
C. private
D. separate
25.艺术家应该培养自己的风格，而不是总是模仿别人。

A.单身
B.个人
C.私人
D.分开
26. The new discovery
A. signature
B. significant
C. sign
D. Significance
26.石油的新发现对该国经济的发展很重要。

A.n.签名
B.adj.重要的
C.n.签名
D. n.意义
27. After the employer concluded that she was suitable for the position.
A.audience
B. encounter
C. interview
D. arrangement
27.C.面试之后，雇主得出结论认为她适合该职位。

A.听众
B.遭遇
C.面试
D.安排
28.If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no to work hard,
with the result that income from taxation might
A. shrink
B. delay
C. disperse
D. sink
28.如果商人被征税过多，他们将不再被激励去努力工作，结果是税收实际上可能会A减少。

A.缩小
B.延迟
C. 分散
D. 下沉
in the Civil Service of government.
A. excessive
B. accidental
C. equal
D. permanent
29.他讨厌到处游荡，并期望在政府的公务员系统中找到职位。

A.过多
B.偶然
C.相等
D.永久
30.Doctors and researchers have to keep on the latest developments in their sphere of study.
A. convinced
B. isolated
C. humiliated
D. updated
30.医生和研究人员必须保持自己研究领域的最新发展。

A.说服
B.孤立
C. 羞辱的
D.更新
例句I am pondering living solely by the Food Rules for August so I will keep you updated on that.我在考虑遵循用八月份的《食品规则》生活，因此，我将让你在这上面更新。

Part II. Cloze (15 points, 1 for each)
Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Predictions of large populations of robots in industry have yet to come true. For a decade or more, manufacturers of big robots have explained how their machines can make industry more competitive and productive. The market for 31 robots is now oversupplied, and the driving force of the robotics revolution is 32 to be with makers of machines that handle a few kilos at most.
"Heavy-robot manufacturers are in some difficulty 33 finding customers. They are offering big 34 just to get in the door. There has been a disappointing growth everywhere in the numbers of robots, so we have to admit we are either deceiving 35 or that the market is slowly growing," said John Reekie, Chairman of Colne Robotics. "The following things must happen 36 the robotics revolution to occur. We must achieve widespread robot literacy(文化), 37 there has been a computer literacy program, there must be a robot literacy campaign. We must also achieve not just a cut in, but a collase of robot prices. Finally , some kind of artificial intelligence needs to be 38 .
Colne makes educational robots and machine tools. It is small 39 with companies like ASEA. But Colne with others and departments in universities such as Surrey, Manchester, possesses an advantage 40 the giants. The big companies sell very expensive robots to businesses with expert knowledge in automation. The 41 companies make robots for teaching people, and now they have realized there is a need for small, 42 robots that they can meet.
The little companies either bring their educational machines 43 an industrial standard or design from scratch. One technique that they all adopt is to choose 44 components where possible. The major cost of making both their models is the electronics, which will fall in price. There is 45 scope for reductions in mechanical costs. The use of standard parts, which are easily replaced, should give these robots a mechanical life of something in the order of five years.
工业界中大量机器人的预测尚未实现。

十年或更长时间以来，大型机器人制造商一直在解释他们的机器如何使行业更具竞争力和生产力。

大型机器人的市场现已供过于求，而机器人革命的推动力据称是最多可处理几公斤的机器的制造商。

“重型机器人制造商在寻找客户方面遇到了一些困难。

他们提供大量折扣只是为了进门。

机器人数量到处都有令人失望的增长，因此我们必须承认，我们要么在欺骗自己，要么市场正在缓慢增长。

” Colne Robotics董事长John Reekie说。

“要发生机器人革命，必须发生以下事情。

我们必须实现广泛的机器人素养，就像已经有了计算机素养程序一样，必须开展机器人素养运动。

我们还必须不仅实现切入点，而且要实现最后，还需要某种人工智能。

Colne生产教育性机器人和机床。

与ASEA这样的公司相比，它很小。

但是科恩与其他人以及曼彻斯特萨里大学等大学的系相比，在巨人方面拥有优势。

大公司向具有自动化专业知识的企业出售非常昂贵的机器人。

小型公司制造用于教学的机器人，现在，他们已经意识到需要一种可以满足的小型低成本机器人。

小公司要么将他们的教育机器提高到工业标准，要么从头开始设计。

他们都采用的一种技术是在可能的情况下选择支架组件。

制造这两种模型的主要成本是电子产品，价格会下降。

减少机械成本的空间较小。

使用易于更换的标准零件，可使这些机器人的机械寿命达到五年左右。

31.A. small B. educationalC. big D. business
32.A. claimed B. called C. saidD. Told
33. A. to B. with C. over D.in
35. A. ourselvesB. customers C. companies D. us
Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.
The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer,and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.
Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion . One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.
When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail,the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car's movements.
The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.
无论其动力来源如何，未来的汽车仍将是城市交通拥堵的主要问题。

一种建议的解决方案是自动公路系统。

当汽车进入高速公路系统时，伸缩臂会从汽车上掉下来并与轨道接触，这与为地铁列车提供电力的方式相似。

一旦安装到导轨上，汽车将通过系统供电，并且车辆的控制权将传递给中央计算机。

然后，计算机将监视汽车的所有运动。

驾驶员将使用电话将有关其目的地的说明拨入系统。

计算机将计算出最佳路线，并为汽车预留所有空间，直到从高速公路正确驶出为止。

然后，驾驶员可以自由放松，等待蜂鸣器警告他即将驶离。

据估计，自动高速公路每小时将可处理10,000辆车，而目前的高速公路则可处理1,500至2,000辆车。

46. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be _ A. its power source
B. its driving system
C. its monitoring system
D. its seating capacity
46.未来汽车的一项重大改进可能是_
A.其动力源
B.其驱动系统
C.其监控系统
D.座位数
答案：A
47. What is the author's main concern?
A. How to render automobiles pollution-free.
B. How to make smaller and safer automobiles.
C. How to solve the problem of traffic jams.
D. How to develop an automated subway system.
47.作者主要关注的是什么？
A.如何使汽车无污染。

B.如何制造更小，更安全的汽车。

C.如何解决交通拥堵的问题。

D.如何开发自动地铁系统。

答案：C
48. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?
A. A rail.
B. An engine.
C. A retractable arm.
D. A computer controller.
48.什么为自动公路系统中的汽车提供电力？
A.导轨。

B.引擎。

C.伸缩臂。

D.计算机控制器。

答案：A
49. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is _
A. keep in the right lane
B. wait to arrive at his destination
C. keep in constant touch with the computer center
D. inform the system of his destination by phone
49.在自动高速公路系统中，驾驶员所需要做的只是_
A.保持在正确的车道上
B.等待到达他的目的地
C.与计算机中心保持不断联系
D.通过电话告知目的地
答案：D
50. What is the author's attitude toward the future of autos?
While jobs in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) professions may be plentiful, many teenagers are unwilling to pursue a long-term career in these fields. According to a new survey, students in sixth through twelfth grade felt that careers as doctors and engineers would offer the most job opportunities upon graduating from college, but 67 percent were of two minds about whether they would pursue these careers, due to a multitude of difficulties involved. Chief among the challenges is the cost and time it takes to get a degree. According to this survey, 26 percent of respondents felt that the cost and difficulty of pursuing professionally qualifying education in these fields were too high compared with other fields. Additionally, 25 percent of students felt that these career paths were too challenging and involved too much studying.
Careers as doctors and engineers were not the only places where students saw opportunities, though. According to the survey, the three career fields offering the greatest opportunity were doctors, engineers and teachers, followed by lawyers and entrepreneurs.
"It's encouraging to see that more students see the value of STEM careers like engineering, but clearly STEM professionals and educators can be doing more to support students along this career path," said Jim Rooney, ASQ chair and quality engineer with ABSG Consulting. That is because 25 percent of teenage respondents stated their grades in math and science aren't good enough to pursue a future career in those subjects. For once, parents agreed with their children, as 53 percent of parents who responded in a similar survey were worried about the challenges these fields presented to their children. Just over a quarter of parents, 26 percent, also felt that teachers were not preparing their children enough for future careers in STEM fields.
Another factor contributing to the non-pursuit of STEM jobs is the growing gender gap in education. According to this survey, 30 percent of girls stated that math was their most challenging subject, compared with 19 percent of boys. Additionally, 33 percent of girls admitted they felt teachers did not prepare them enough for future careers in STEM careers, compared with just 9 percent of boys.
The information in this survey is based on the responses of 713 students and a complementary survey of 327 parents with children between the ages of 10 and 17.
这是因为25％的青少年受访者表示，他们在数学和科学方面的成绩不足以从事这些学科的未来职业。

父母一次同意他们的孩子，因为在类似调查中有53％的父母担心这些领域给孩子带来的挑战。

略高于四分之一的父母（26％）还认为，教师没有为子女做好足够的准备，以应付STEM领域的未来职业。

导致不追求STEM职位的另一个因素是教育中的性别差距不断扩大。

根据这项调查，有30％的女孩表示数学是他们最具挑战性的科目，而男孩只有19％。

此外，有33％的女孩承认她们觉得老师没有为STEM生涯的未来职业做好充分的准备，而男孩的这一比例仅为9％。

本次调查的信息基于713名学生的回答以及对327名年龄在10和17岁之间的孩子的父母的补充调查。

51. Many students are reluctant to take up STEM jobs because of the following
EXCEPT
A. the hard work needed along the career path
8. the high tuition they have to pay at college
C. the few work opportunities related to STEM
D. the long time taken to get the academic degree
51.由于以下原因，许多学生不愿从事STEM工作除
A.职业道路上需要的艰苦工作
B.他们必须在大学支付的高学费
C.与STEM相关的少数工作机会
D.获得学位需要花费很长时间
答案：C
52.According to this passage, most students believe that careers as doctors and engineers _
A. are really worth pursuing
B. promise easy employment
C. have nothing to do with math
D. offer fewer opportunities than lawyers
52.根据本文，大多数学生认为作为医生和工程师的职业
A.确实值得追求。

B.容易就业
C.与数学无关
D.提供的机会少于律师
答案：B
53. According to Paragraph 4, Jim Rooney would like to --------
A. advise students not to take up STEM jobs
B. become a STEM professional himself
C. tell STEM professionals to learn more
D. see students get more help into STEM careers
53.根据第4段，吉姆·鲁尼想--------
A.劝告学生不要从事STEM工作
B.自己成为STEM专业人士
C.告诉STEM专业人士了解更多
D.看到学生在STEM生涯中获得更多帮助
答案：D
54. The growing gender gap mentioned in Paragraph 6 refers to the finding that
A. fewer girls want to engage in STEM careers than boys
B. more girls hope to take up STEM careers than boys
C. there are far more male students than female ones
D. boys are more likely to get STEM-related jobs
54.第6段提到的日益扩大的性别差距是指以下发现：
A.希望从事STEM职业的女孩少于男孩
B.希望从事STEM职业的女孩比男孩多
C.男生比女性多得多
D.男孩更有可能从事与STEM相关的工作
答案：A
55. This passage is intended to_
A. encourage students to undertake STEM jobs
B. describe the difficulty facing STEM students
C. introduce the result of a survey on STEM jobs
D. help college graduates to find STEM jobs
55.本段旨在_
A.鼓励学生从事STEM工作
B.描述STEM学生面临的困难
C.介绍关于STEM工作的调查结果
D.帮助大学毕业生找到STEM工作
答案：C
Yet, it's not just about diet and exercise. How you manage your money often determines your level of stress, which, if too high, may lead to chronic health problems like heart diseases.
So you'll have to do more than switch to whole wheat and start jogging every day. Your health also depends on feeling good about and in control of your finances. Not a lot of people understand that-and relatively few are doing much about it.
In a survey, Principal Financial found that just 48% of American workers are monitoring their spending=-down from 58% two years ago. Fewer are reevaluating their investments, and while more are using a budget, the rate is still low at just 28%. In other words, they are casual about their money.
Most American workers see the link between wealth and health as one directional: Staying healthy is the ticket to saving on health care costs and to financial security in retirement. In the survey, 84% said being physically healthy is good for their financial future and 76% said if they spend money on their health or things they enjoy now they will avoid major health costs later in life.
Yet it's not that simple. Good health comes with its own financial demands. Living healthy means living longer, which is wonderful. But without a traditional pension or other source of guaranteed lifetime income how will you pay for all those extra years? You'll need to save
tens of thousands of dollars more than you may have figured in your lifetime-and still there is no guarantee you won't need costly, end-of-life services.
None of this is to say that living longer and healthier isn't a blessing, and probably even Jess a demand on your resources than developing chronic illness and passing away early. But the link between financial health and physical health goes both ways. In the survey, workers were far more likely to rate themselves physically healthy (53%) than financially healthy (31 %), suggesting they see it as a one-way street. But it's also the case that feeling in control of your wealth-no matter how much you have-leads to better health.
参考译文
大多数人认为，退休后生活愉快和富有成效的关键是保持健康。

然而，这不仅与饮食和运动有关。

您如何管理资金通常会决定您的压力水平，如果压力过高，则可能导致诸如心脏病之类的慢性健康问题。

因此，您不仅要做全麦食品，而且每天都开始慢跑。

您的健康还取决于对自己的财务状况感到良好并控制自己的财务状况。

很少有人了解这一点，而且很少有人为此做很多事情。

在一项调查中，信安金融（Principal Financial）发现，只有48％的美国工人在监控自己的支出，低于两年前的58％。

重新评估他们的投资的人越来越少，尽管有更多的人使用预算，但比率仍然很低，仅为28％。

换句话说，他们对钱很随意。

大多数美国工人将财富与健康之间的联系视为一个方向：保持健康是节省医疗保健成本和退休时财务安全的门票。

在调查中，有84％的人说身体健康对他们的财务未来有好处，而有76％的人说，如果他们花钱在健康或现在喜欢的事情上，则可以避免以后的健康费用。

但这不是那么简单。

身体健康有其自身的财务需求。

健康地生活意味着更长寿，这是美好的。

但是如果没有传统的养老金或其他保证终身收入的来源，您将如何为所有这些额外的年份支付费用？您将需要比您一生中想像的要多节省数万美元-而且仍然不能保证您将不需要昂贵的使用寿命终止服务。

这并不是说寿命更长，更健康不是一种福气，而且甚至比起发展慢性病和早逝，杰西甚至需要更多的资源。

但是财务健康和身体健康之间的联系是双向的。

在调查中，工人认为自己的身体健康状况（53％）比财务状况良好（31％）的可能性高得多，这表明他们认为这是一条单向路。

但是，无论您拥有多少财产，掌控自己的财富也会导致更好的健康。

56. In the first paragraph, the author expresses the belief that -~~~~~~~~~
A. nothing but diet and exercise determines health
B. diet and exercise have nothing to do with health
C. health after retirement depends on money alone
D. wealth also plays a role in staying healthy
56.在第一段中，作者表示相信-~~~~~~~~~~
A.饮食和运动决定健康
B.饮食和运动与健康无关
C.退休后的健康仅靠金钱
D.财富在保持健康中也起着作用
答案：D
57. Which of the following statements is true about the workers surveyed?
A. They don't care about their retired life at all.
B. They believe wealth means a happy retired life.
C. They are not in control of their money.
D. They have to save money now for future health.
57.关于被调查工人，以下哪项陈述是正确的？
A.他们根本不在乎退休生活。

B.他们认为财富意味着退休后的幸福生活。

C.他们无法控制自己的钱。

D.他们现在必须为将来的健康省钱。

答案：C
58. In the last paragraph, "one-way street" probably means.
A. financial health leads to physical health
B. physical health leads to financial health
C. financial health equals physical health
D. financial health repels physical health
58.在最后一段中，“单向街”可能是指。

A.财务健康导致身体健康
B.身体健康导致财务健康
C.财务健康等于身体健康
D.财务健康排斥身体健康
答案：B
59. The author is very likely to argue in the last paragraph that-~~~~~~~-
A. financial health and physical health are mutually dependent
B. neither wealth nor health makes any difference to happiness
C. physical health depends on nothing but financial health
D. taking care of your wealth will not lead to better health
59.作者很可能会在最后一段中争论说-~~~~~~~-
A.财务健康和身体健康是相互依赖的
B.财富或健康对幸福没有任何影响
C.身体健康仅取决于财务健康
D.照顾自己的财富不会带来更好的健康
答案：A
60.The author of this passage intends to argue that _
A. staying healthy is impossible without accumulating much wealth
B. being physically healthy can eventually contribute to your wealth
C. feeling good about your finance is also of health benefit
D. a large fortune will increase the chance of deterioration of health
60.本文的作者打算辩称：
A.要保持健康就必须积累很多财富
B.身体健康最终可以为您的财富做出贡献
C.对自己的财务状况感到良好也有益于健康
D.大笔财富会增加健康恶化的机会
ecosystem degradation and species loss, according to the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity(TEEB) study released recently. For example, bees and other insects jumping from flower to flower provide an essential service for crop production, valued at an astonishing $200 billion.
As the value is inconspicuous, we tend to ignore it. However, the "broken" financial system must be reformed so that the environment and the valuable services it provides are incorporated into every decision and transaction, the report concludes. That is vital not only for slowing environmental destruction and species loss, but for modem economics to flourish, Sukhdev, leader of the study, said.
While most cost-benefit analyses look at natural resources that can be extracted, such as gold, timber and food, those products only account for one-third of the total economic value provided by the environment, the report said, other "ecosystem services", such as pollination, forests filtering drinking water and wetlands providing flood protection, make up the other two-thirds.
Currently, businesses do not pay for the loss of services caused by production or development. Estimated at 2.2 trillion annually for the top 3,000 listed companies, those costs are passed onto society, or externalized.
"We are at a stage now where the rate of loss of ecosystem services and the rate of loss of biodiversity is so severe we can not treat them as mere externalities of economics," said Sukhdev.
To internalize environmental values and crops, the TEEB report recommends implementing a variety of financial tools, such as charging for services, creating environmentally friendly markets with eco-Iabelling and providing financial incentives and subsidies for environmentally friendly businesses
Nonna] business practices should report negative environmental externalities and offset their impacts so they have a net zero impact, or even a net positive impact, the report said. And subsidies for industries harming the environment, such as fossil fuels, should be phased out.
Environmental protection can also save money, according to the TEEB report. For example, New York save more than $ 6 billion by paying farmers about $1 billion to change management of runoff to reduce the water pollution, rather than build a $ 6 billion to $ 8 billion waste water treatment plant that would have cost between
$ 300 million and $500 million a year to operate.
But convincing board rooms and consumers across the globe to start paying for things that have been free in the past is not going to be easy. Sukhdev said it is not going to happen overnight---new, emerging models will begin to compete with old, lingering ones.
"It could happen, but not in today's environment," said Patrick Michaels, a senior fellow in environmental studies at the Cato Institute. "Right now, people=- and it's not just the U.S.---people are worried about economic contractions more than they are about environmental protection."
参考译文
根据最近发布的《生态系统和生物多样性经济学》（TEEB）研究，健康环境所提供的价值在全球经济中是无形的，从而导致生态系统退化和物种丧失。

例如，蜜蜂和其他昆虫从一朵花到另一朵花的跳跃为作物生产提供了重要服务，其价值达到了惊人的2000亿美元。

由于该值不明显，因此我们倾向于忽略它。

报告总结说，但是，必须改革“破损”的金融体系，以便将环境及其提供的宝贵服务纳入每项决策和交易中。

研究负责人苏赫杰夫说，这不仅对于减缓环境破坏和物种丧失至关重要，而且对于繁荣现代经济学也至关重要。

报告说，虽然大多数成本效益分析都着眼于可以开采的自然资源，例如黄金，木材和食物，但这些产品仅占环境提供的总经济价值的三分之一，其他“生态系统服务”诸如授粉，森林过滤饮用水和提供防洪保护的湿地等其他三分之二。

当前，企业不为生产或开发造成的服务损失承担赔偿。

对于前3,000家上市公司来说，这些费用每年估计为2.2万亿美元，这些费用已转嫁到社会上，或已外部化。

苏赫杰夫说：“我们现在处于这样一个阶段，即生态系统服务的丧失速度和生物多样性的丧失速度如此之快，我们不能将其视为纯粹的经济学外部性。

”
为了将环境价值和农作物内部化，TEEB报告建议实施多种金融工具，例如服务收费，通过生态倡导建立环境友好的市场以及为环境友好的企业提供财务激励和补贴。

报告称，商业惯例应报告负面的环境外部影响并抵消其影响，以使它们产生净零影响，甚至净正影响。

而且应该逐步取消对破坏环境的产业的补贴，例如化石燃料。

根据TEEB报告，环境保护也可以节省金钱。

例如，纽约通过向农民支付约10亿美元来改变径流管理以减少水污染，而不是建造一个60亿至80亿美元的废水处理厂，而节省了60亿美元。

3亿美元，每年运营5亿美元。

但是，要说服全球的董事会会议室和消费者开始购买过去免费的东西并不容易。

苏赫德杰夫（Sukhdev）表示，这不会在一夜之间发生-新的，新兴的模型将开始与旧的，缠绵的模型竞争。

卡托研究所（Cato Institute）环境研究高级研究员帕特里克·迈克尔斯（Patrick Michaels）表示：“这可能会发生，但不会在当今环境下发生。

” “眼下，人们不仅是美国，而且不仅是美国，人们对经济收缩的担忧远大于对环境保护的担忧。

”
61.The example of bees and other insects in the first paragraph is used to illustrate that ------
A. those insects play an essential role in crop production。