中英文翻译--智能化煤气表的设计{修}

The Design Of Intelligent Gas MeterGas meter is a gas flow meter; they are included in the national directory of strong compulsory seizure test measuring instruments. Gas metering system has been developing constantly. From unenlightened mechanical to intelligent nowadays, made people's lives has been facilitated. In the past for a long period of time, we use most of all mechanical in the international, with the continuous advancement of electron technology, electron-type gas meter have also emerged in other country, but there is still a lot of non-convenience. Currently mechanical gas meter give a great deal of inconvenience to management and users, that is, issue of meter reading. We take original backward artificial way to look-up table charges generally. This charging method has several major disadvantages: occupy a great deal of manpower; Many drawbacks of artificially; inefficient and created a great waste of human, material, time to manage department. Therefore, research and development a new type of gas meter charging system is necessary. Abroad, intelligent gas metering system is also developing, and they have automatic billing, as well as alarm function, to protect the benefits of the Gas Company and the users. In China, Gas Meter remains at a fairly low level, most of the products just to play a role of switching, and the development of intelligent table also stagnated at a very low level, although there are a lot of manufacturers to product the intelligent gas meter. However, very few sophisticated products; they improve the products on the basis of foreign technology according to the actual situation, mostly the use of IC card technology. and manufacturers can not be simultaneously large quantities of products.In the view the actual situation, we reference to already exist product, according to the idea of it, and to design the intelligent gas meter. the system of the intelligent have application of advanced IC card billing functions, use of the remote communications, to connect the computer with all user terminals under control by Single chip, and have the best anti-cheating function, prevent users from stealing gas. To make the gas as a commodity after first use, the Gas Company can be to accelerate cash flow, eliminate the arrears of the phenomenon of gas charges happened. It completely overcomes the mechanical disadvantage of the gas meter, reduce the artificial factors; improve work efficiency; saving the managers‟ time. At the same time, the metering system also takes a number of ways to enhance its practicality in using, such as transparency of user data, users can view intuitive their own usage amount, as well as the balance of the card. In order to improve the reliability of thesystem, the system also set up a brown-out protection, while the metering system also considering can be add gas alarm function, that is, when the gas leak happened, the system will provide users with alarm functions, to provide users with the use of safety sexual.Because of the smart electron card prepaid gas systems is build up of computer-intelligent electronic card writer and sales database software. It have set up users, user change, relocation, marketing, writing cards, statistics, search for, buy those statistics should be imprisoned, fined report functions etc. The smart cards electron gas distribution system can realize the modernization of the gas sales management, and user consumption because of the amount of data such as pre-purchase through intelligent electronic card to transmit automatically recorded, compared with the previous manual entry not only reduces costs but also ensured data accurate and reliable.Following, introduce of the overall design program.First, the controller: The design is based on the implementation of single-chip microcomputer control system, single-chip microcomputer used AT89S51/52, it manufacture by ATMEL company of the United, it is the single chip of states low-voltage, high-performance COMS 8-bit. Chip containing 8k bytes of repeatedly rewritable read-only program memory (PEROM) and 256k bytes of random data memory (RAM), the device used ATMEL Corporation high-density, nonvolatile memory technology. Convenient control and easy power, easy to program, while the prices were relatively cheap on market, and there is associated circuits, components are also abundant on the market, but also conducive to the promotion of the system. The chip also have four 8-bit parallel I/O port P0--P3,each port can be used as input,can also be used for output; There are two 16-bit timer/counter internal, each regular browser / counter can be set to count the way to count on the outside, also can be configured the way from time to time and from time to time in accordance with the results of counting or the achievement of the computer control; it have five interrupt sources with two interrupt Interrupt Priority Control system; and a full-duplex UART serial I/O port for the realization of single-chip MCU and PC or between the serial communication between.the chip with the oscillator and clock Generation Circuit, but the quartz crystal need an external capacitance,the maximum allowed for the oscillation frequency 24MHz. AT89S52 all signal processing digital signal, a high anti-interference performance. AT89S52 support to ISP Programming.Controllerusing 11.0592MHz crystal oscillator ,so that more accurate clock, the chip can be used to enter power-saving program state on the circuit, that is, when users turn off the gas valve after the gas meter does not apply, the procedure that would allow the circuit to enter power-saving mode, save power consumption.Second, billing: The gas meter billing system is through non-contactless smart card reader implementation, and using MCS-RC500 contactless smart card reader ---- single-chip communication, program design is flexible, easy to develop, and communicate with the computer, manage the user's data through the computer software. The user must be go to the gas companies to purchase gas before users gas, then, purchase the volume of gas into the user card, then cards will be purchased the gas into the gas meter inside the house through the card, the electromagnetic valve to be open by control with single-chip microcomputer, the user can be normal use it. Through the flow sensor, the system measured the gas volume has been used and auto to minus the purchase gas, when deposit gas little or deposit gas run out, the electromagnetic valve will be closed and the alarm circuit will be to remind the user to renew at the same time. Users will once again purchased gas into the card. The circuit through the serial port with the MCS-RC500 communication, therefore the design of hardware circuits adds a MAX232 circuit, implement data exchange of the single-chip with the smart cards.Third, display module: The system shows the use of LCD Module 1602, LCD 1602 is a common 16 × 2 lines, 6 × 8 character dot matrix LCD module. It is widely used in smart intelligent instrumentation, communications, office automation equipment, and its character generator ROM have some their medium own figures and letters of the alphabet, some special symbols library of characters, we can use 1602 to set up eight 6 × 8 dot matrix font characteristics of custom ,it be able to meet the requirements for user, and LCD module 1602 suitable size, easy to install, In order to save energy ,the LCD module 1602 …power is controlled by single-chip in design, when the system need to display, the power will be supply, otherwise, no power supply.RT1602C use the standard 16-pin interface, which left this port from 1 foot to 16 foot.No.1 pin:VSS to power ground;No.2 pin:supply voltage for logic; No.3pin:Input for adjusting the LCD contrast,and when the power is the weakest contrast,the highest contrast ratio of ground power, contrast too high will lead to "ghosting", when used by a 10K potentiometer to adjust the contrast; No.4 pin:RS to register select,”H”usually select the data register,the selection of low-level instruction register. No.5 pin: RW for read-write signal line, when high time read operation, when low-level write operation. When the RS and the low co-RW can be written into the command or display the address, when RS is high for low-level RW can be read when the busy signal, when RS is high for low-level RW can be written into the data. No. 6-pin: It is the clock latch signal input. No.7 to 14 feet: D0 ~ D7 for the 8-bit bi-directional data line. No.15 to 16 feet: feet or Backlight air power. Cathode backlight 15 feet, 16 feet back negative. 1602 characters LCD module within the memory occurred (CGROM) have been stored in 160 different graphic dot-matrix characters, these characters are: Arabic numerals, upper and lower case letters, commonly used symbols, and Japanese kana and so on, each character a fixed code, such as the uppercase letters of the alphabet "A" code is 01000001B (41H), show that when the module to address 41H in the character dot-matrix graphic display, we can see the letters "A".Fourth, Protection function: The system circuit also has a brown-out protection function, using AT24C02 memory chip to store the necessary real-time data, when no electric power or in case of unexpected power outages can protect the data, when the system is restored in accordance with AT24C02 to store data, restore lost electricity before the data system to ensure the normal billing, to avoid the gas company and customer losses.The intelligent gas meter installation easy, the user can query the balance of card or usage amount by the key in the circuit.智能煤气表的设计煤气表是一种气体流量计，又称燃气表，是列入国家强检目录的强制检定计量器具。