2精读paraphrase

Unit1（28）共九十三个。

1…I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. (Para.
1)
P:…I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City
2 ,New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things.
P:Though I was a new teachen ,I knew I could tell him what a university was for,but I couldn’t.
3 I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at eh end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science
P:I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B.S. at a university.
4 It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history.
P:The B.S. certificate would be an official proof that the holder had special knowledge of pharmacy, but it would also be a proof that he/ she had learned / absorbed some profound ideas of the past
5. I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn’t going to be around long enough for it to matter.
P:I didn’t actually say all this to him, because I didn’t think he would stay at college very long, so it wouldn’t be important whether or not he knew what university education was for
6. Nevertheless, I was young and I had
a high sense of duty and I tried to put it this way
P:Instead of telling him the importance of an all-around education, I tried to convince him from a very practical point of view
7.. You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn’t jump the fence, or that your client doesn’t go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence.
P:You have to take responsibility for the work you do. If you’ re a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you shouldn’t get things out of control. If you become a lawyer, you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client.
8..Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, supports your wife, and rears your children.
P:In addition to all other things (such as satisfaction) these professions offer, they provide you with a living so that you can
support a family: wife and children. 9... They will be your income, and may it always suffice
10..Those professional skills will be rewarding for your career and we hope that there may always be opportunities of further learning.
11..Will the children ever be exposed to
a reasonably penetrating idea at home? P:Will your children ever hear you talk about something profound at home? 12...Will you be presiding over a family that maintains some contact with the great democratic intellect
P:Will you be head of a family who brings up the kids in a democratic spirit?
13 Will there be a book in the house? P:Will you be reading serious books (not just popular fiction)?
14 Will there be a painting a reasonably sensitive man can look at
without shuddering?
P:What kind of pictures will you put up in your house? Will you have a painting in your house that shows some taste on your part?
十五：… to put you in touch with what the best human minds have thought
P：to expose you to / make you understand the ideas, opinions and thinking of the best philosophers, scientists, writers and artists in human history.
十六. If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of man’s development we call history — then you have no business being in college. Paraphrase：If you don’t want to improve your mind and broaden your horizon by studying a little literature, philosophy and the fine arts and history, you shouldn’t be studying here at college
17. You are on your way to being that new species of mechanized savage, the push-button Neanderthal. Paraphrase： You will soon become an uneducated, i gnorant person who can only work machines and operate mechanical equipment
18：Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they went to college; rather the college went through them —without making contact. Paraphrase：A number of such push-button savages get college degrees. We cannot help that. But even with their degrees, we can’t say that these people have received a proper college education. It is more accurate to say that they come through college without learning anything.
19：No one gets to be a human being unaided.
Paraphrase：No one can grow up to be a civilized person without the help of others.
20：There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human. Paraphrase： To become a civilized person, you need to acquire the knowledge and develop the culture a civilized society needs. One lifetime is too short to create an environment for him to become civilized.
21：You know more because they left you what they knew, because you can start from what the past learned for you.
P:All human knowledge has been accumulated by people living in the past and has been passed on to us. You learn all this before you do any original research, or any research of your own. 22: As this is true of the techniques of
mankind, so it is true of ma nkind’s spiritual resources
P:This is the way we learn and develop the techniques of mankind. This is also how we inherit and advance mankind’s spiritual resources.
23:For a great book is necessarily a gift; it offers you a life you have not the time to live yourself, and it takes you into a world you have not the time to travel in literal time.
P:Because a great book is something given to us to enrich our lives. It presents to you a kind of life you don’t have a chance to experience yourself, and it describes for you places you don’t have time actually to visit.
24:A civilized mind is, in essence, one that contains many such lives and many such worlds
P:Basically, a cultured and educated person should know about such great variety of lives and worlds
2五：If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. (Para. 12)
P：If you are too anxious to make money, too ignorant to see your limitations, then you couldn’t regard those great people’s minds as a gift to your humanity, and thus you can’t be a developed human。

2六：He might have said that no one would ever manage to become human if they hadn’t read about it
P：He might have added that a person wouldn’t deserve to be called a human being if they hadn’t read about it.
27：A university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include.
P：No matter who you are, a specialist or a common person, if the university cannot make you maintain contact with the best civilization of the history that you should know it cannot be called university, and has no reason to exist.
28：The faculty, by its very existence, says implicitly: “We have been aided by many people, and by many books, in our attempt to make ourselves some sort of storehous e of human experience.” (Para.
14)
Paraphrasing:The existence of the faculty of the literal arts college itself says clearly: ‘In our effort to make out faculty a place where our students can experience variety of life they do not have time to live themselves, we get a lot of help from many people and books, present and past.
Unit3（13）
1，And root crops especially are hard to
tell apart, when store-bought, from our own.
P:It is really hard to recognize the difference of root crops we buy from stores and those we grow.
2，As it is, though, I cannot deny that when April comes I find myself going out to lean on the fence and look at that miserable plot of land, resolving with all my rational powers not to plant it again.
P:However, in reality, I have to admit that when April comes I leaned on the fence and look at this patch painfully and reasonably made up my mind not to garden any more.
3,But inevitably a morning arrives when, just as I am awakening, a scent wafts through the window, something like earth-as-air, a scent that seems to come up from the very center of this planet.
P:But inevitably just as I am waking up in a morning, a pleasant smell floats up and pour in though the window. It smells like earth and it seems to rise from inside the earth.
4,…the worms are deliciously worming their way through the melting soil. P:The birds start to cry really loudly. We are thinking the same thing: the soil is becoming soft and the delicious worms are moving across the soil.
6.But black plastic looks so industrial, so unromantic, that I have gradually moved over to hay mulch. (Para 4) Paraphrase:
But black plastic looks so unnatural (because it is made in factories) and ugly that I have gradually shifted to hay mulch.
7.Keeping a garden makes you aware of how delicate, bountiful, and easily ruined the surface of this little planet is. Paraphrase:
If you keep a garden, it will help you realize how generous the land of the earth is to us and how easily damaged it is.
9. I suppose if you loaded the soil with chemical fertilizer these differences would be less noticeable, but I use it sparingly and only in rows right where seeds are planted rather than broadcast over the whole area. (Para 5) Paraphrase:
I suppose if you use a large quantity of chemical fertilizer on the soil, these differences would not be so obvious (would be covered up); but I use it very carefully and only in where the seeds are planted instead of spreading it over the whole patch.
10, She looks about skeptically. Her favorite task is binding the tomato plants
to stakes.
Paraphrase:
She looks around doubtfully to see if something goes wrong. And she likes most to bind the tomatoes to wooden stakes so that they would not bend downward due to the weight of the fruits.
11，In some pocket of the mind there may even be a tendency to change this vision into a personal reassurance that all this healthy growth, this orderliness and thrusting life must somehow reflect movements in one’s own spirit. (Para 9) Paraphrase:
Whenever I see this beautiful, well-organized and arranged garden which is full of life and where everything is growing so vigorously, I feels certain that there is something similar in my mind.
12.…and so it has to be an arena where striving does not cease, but
continues by other means. Paraphrase:
…and so a garden turns to be a stage or field where one shows that his effort to achieve something never stops. (Or put it another way, a garden is a means of displaying his ceaseless struggle.)
13.Only the gardener is capable of endlessly reviving so much hope that this year, regardless of drought, flood, typhoon, or his own stupidity, this year he is going to do it right! Paraphrase: Only the gardener is capable of continuously finding back (or bringing back) the hope and believing that this year he is going to do it correctly, in spite of the possible difficulties---such as drought, flood, typhoon or mistakes he will possibly make
UNIT,4 （15）The Man in the Water 14，And there was the aesthetic clash as well—blue and green Air Florida, the name of a flying garden, sunk down
among gray chunks of ice in a black river. P: When the air crash occurred, it was not just a clash of metal against the bridge, but also a clash between colors: the blue-green color of the plane and the gray and black color of the ice and river. 十五：And on that same afternoon, human nature—groping and struggling—rose to the occasion.
P: On that same afternoon, human nature, searching for the flotation rings and struggling in the icy water, came to prove its greatness displayed in an unexpected tragedy.
十六：delivering every hero’s line that is no less admirable for being repeated. P:Skutnik gave a remark that has been said before by many people in similar situations, but it is still admirable.
17：But the person most responsible for the emotional impact of the disaster is the one known at first simply as “the man in the water”
P:The man who is known as “the man in the water’is the main reason for the great impact of the disaster. / The people of the nation were greatly moved by this disaster mainly because of the man who is at first just known as “the man in the water.”
18，This man was described by Usher and Windsor as appearing alert and in control. Every time they lowered a lifeline and flotation ring to him, he passed it on to another of the passengers.
P: The man appeared to be able to think quickly and clearly, to be calm and with perfect presence of mind. Every time the rescue team lowered him a lifeline and flotation ring, he never kept it for himself, he handed it to another passenger.
19，“In a mass casualty, you’ll find people like him,”said Windsor.”But I’ve never seen one with that commitment.”
P: We can always find heroic people like
him when a large number of people were hurt in an accident because although not everyone is a hero, there’s bound to be a fair representation of heroes in a big crowd. But I’ve never seen anyone with such a strong sense of responsibility. 20：When the helicopter came back for him the man had gone under.
P: When the helicopter came back for rescuing him, the man had sunk down under the water, and drowned.
21：His selflessness was one reason the story held national attention; his anonymity another.
P: The fact that the man in the water who had displayed such heroism did not leave his name and no one was ever able to find it out was another reason why the whole nation felt so touched by this story. It showed that the man was a very ordinary citizen. It also proved that he did all these not for fame or anything. 22，The fact that he went unidentified
gave him a universal character,.
P:The fact that nobody could find out the identity of this person really made him a representative man, like everyone of us could do. We may feel that it might have been anyone.
23，For a while he was Everyman, and thus proof (as if one needed it) that no one is ordinary.
P: Notice that the word “Everyone”is capitalized. It conveys the idea that this anonymous man really represents the best of human nature. What he did was not the act of a supernatural being, but the act of an ordinary person. Yet, the author says here that “no man is ordinary”, because every person is an individual moral entity and is capable of rising to the occasion and making history. 24：Still he could never have imagined such a capacity in himself.
P: Nevertheless/However, it was impossible for him to know that he would be capable of such heroism. What
the man did was the natural response to the critical situation.
2五：Like every other person on that flight, he was desperate to live, which makes his final act so stunning.
P: His last act was so impressive because like everyone else, he also valued his life and was desperate to live.
2六：For its part, nature cared nothing about the five passengers.
P: As far as nature was concerned, it did not care about the consequences of the accident.
27：Yet whatever moved these men to challenge death on behalf of their fellow is not peculiar to them. Everyone feels the possibility in himself.
P: Yet whatever enabled or made these men or gave these men the power to challenge death is not unique. Indeed, every one of us has the potentiality to be a hero.
28, That is the enduring wonder of the story. That is why we would not let go of it.
P:That is the lasting wonder of the story, and that is why we would not forget it. Unit5（12）
29：For four hours, our only real amusement consisted of counting exit signs and wondering what it would feel like to hold still again。

P：he 4-hour drive on fast rods was tedious; the only fun we had was to count the exit signs we were passing and to figure out how we’d feel if we stopped again.
30：Getting there certainly didn’t seem like half the fun; in fact, getting there wasn’t any fun at all.
P：We had expected that our ride to West Virginia would be fun, and that half of the fun we’d get from the trip would come from it. But we were wrong. It wasn’t fun at all.
31：The two days it took us to make the return trip were filled with new experiences.
P:Our return trip took 2 days; the route was longer, and we drove much more slowly. But we had many discoveries.
32:太长
We toured a Civil War battlefield and stood …get killed in the vain attempt. P, We visited a Civil War battlefield and stood on the little hill. One hundred and twenty-five years ago, on a hot July afternoon, 15,000 soldiers fighting for slavery, while trying to occupy the hill, had no idea that they would fail and that half of them would be killed in the battle.
33：And we returned home refreshed, revitalized, and reeducated.
跑:
When we got home, we not only felt fresh and energetic, but also felt that we
had experienced a new way of life.
34：This time, getting there had been the fun.
跑：This time, the trip back home itself was not just half the fun, but the fun----the real pleasure we got out of our week of holidays.
3五：Americans understood the principle of deferred gratification. We put a little of each paycheck away “for a rainy day”. (Para. 4
跑：In the past, Americans were patient to have their desires satisfied. We saved a little money each time we got paid in case we might need it in the future.
3六：We like fast pictures, so we buy Polaroid cameras.
跑：We can’t wait to get a film developed (probably in just twenty minutes), so we prefer Polaroid cameras, which can produce pictures almost the moment we tike them.
37：We like our information fast, too; …, history reduced to “Bicentennial Minutes”.
跑：For information, we no longer read newspapers, magazines, books, etc., patiently. We want to get it fast by skimming through what is offered on the web. Documents are faxed to one person from another.
38：Once, we lingered over every word of a classic novel or the latest best seller. 跑：In the past we read a book –either a class novel or the latest best seller –very carefully.
39：I’m not saying we should go back to growing our own vegetables or making our own clothes.
跑：I’m not suggesting that we should again start producing or making everything we need by ourselves.
40：I ’m not even advocating a mass movement to cut all our credit cards into little pieces.
跑：I’m not even advising people to reject all laborsaving devices and miracle machines.
Unit8（7）
41：It’s just the same being here as being anywhere else.
Paraphrasing: There is no difference between being here and being anywhere else (so there is no need to move anywhere).
42：A thousand questions surged into my mind at once. (
Paraphrasing: Immediately my head was full of questions.
43：I tried to pull my senses together。

Paraphrasing:
I tried to calm down and think clearly. 44：You were all caught in the cogs of your own machines.
Paraphrasing:
You could not escape the consequences
of your industrialization. / You became the slave of your own machines.
4五：Agriculture went overboard. Paraphrasing: Agriculture was eliminated. / Agriculture died out.
4六：Eating and all that goes with it... Paraphrasing:
Eating and everything related to it
47：Disease and death were simply a matter of germs.
Paraphrasing: Since disease and death were caused by germs, to eliminate them we only needed to eliminate germs.
Unit9（18）
48：not that my education was a complete failure.
P：It was not that my education was a complete failure. I did not mean that my education was completely useless.
49：In short, my education protected me
against surprise. (para.3): Paraphrasing: In a word, the education I had had taught me enough about the differences among people so that I wouldn’t feel surprised at what I saw, no matter how different they might be. 五0：As I write this, I have the feeling that my words fail to give force to the idea they seek to express.
P：I have the feeling that my words are still not strong enough to express my ideas.
五1：This larger unity was the most important central fact of our time—something on which people could build at a time when hope seemed misty, almost unreal.
P：the human community as a whole was the most important central fact of our time something people could use as a basis for further development at a time when hope seemed misty, almost unreal. 五2：It turned out that my ability to get
along with other peoples depended not so much upon my comprehension of the uniqueness of their way of life as my comprehension of the things we had in common.
P：he fact that, I could adjust myself well to other nations was not because of my understanding of the differences between us but because of my understanding of the similarities we shared.
五3：But to stop there was like clearing the ground without any idea of what was to be built on it.
P：If we only respect differences but pay no attention to similarities, it will be aimless/unconstructive.
五4：The old emphasis upon superficial differences had to give way to education for mutuality and for citizenship in the human community.
P：Paraphrasing: The traditional education with the emphasis on the superficial differences between different
peoples, different cultures, etc. should be replaced by a new type of education focusing on mutual respect, mutual understanding, equality interdependence and how to be a citizen in the whole human community.
五五：However friendly the universe may be, it has left the conditions of human existence precariously balanced.
P：No matter how friendly the universe becomes, it has made the condition of human existence get more and more unbalanced.
五六：Leadership on this higher level does not require mountains of gold or thundering propaganda.
P:Leadership on the spiritual/moral level is not based on money or propaganda.。