汽车发动机凸轮轴的设计

摘要

内燃机凸轮轴优化设计的优劣直接影响到其动力性，经济性，可靠性，振动，噪声与排放特性的好坏。凸轮轴的丰满系数越大，则进气量越多，内燃机的动力性能与经济性能越好，排气烟度与热负荷越底；凸轮形线的圆滑性越好，内燃机的振动与噪声越小；凸轮轴与挺柱间的接触应力越小；润滑特性越好，内燃机配气机构的冲击载荷及摩擦磨损越小。随着内燃机不断地向轻巧化，高速化，高性能与高寿命方向发展，对配气凸轮轴设计与制造的要求越来越高。然而，现代内燃机的配气机构，大都采用多项动力凸轮，n次谐波凸轮或复合摆线凸轮。但这些凸轮形线方程不仅计算复杂，而且与内燃机结构参数无关，有的n阶导数不连续。尽管不少研究者对上述几种形线凸轮进行了各种优化设计，但其丰满系数均达不到0.59，还不能适应内燃机高速化与高性能的要求。显然，研究出具有n 阶导数连续，自变量为内燃机主要结构参数，充气性能好，振动小，噪声低，设计简单的新型配气凸轮形线方程，是一个极其重要的研究课题。

凸轮机构是工程中用以实现机械和自动化的一种主要驱动和控制机构。以在轻工、纺织、食品、医药、印刷、标准零件制造、交通运输等领域运行的工作机械中获得广泛应用。为了提高产品的质量和生产率。就凸轮而言，必须进一步提高其设计水平。在解析法设计的基础上开展计算机辅助设计的研究和推广应用。为适应高速凸轮机构分析和设计的需要，我在凸轮轮廓曲线方程试上对各指数和系数进行了外部输入。从而提高了设计工作效率和设计计算准确性。同时还对各系统与凸轮输出数据之间的联系进行了研究，掌握了某些基本规律，对凸轮设计优化起到了很好的效果。

关键词凸轮轴发动机设计

Abstract

I.C. engine cam the stalk be directly excellent to turn the good and bad of design to influence its motive, economy, credibility, vibration, the quality of the Zao voice and emissions characteristic.Cam the plentiful full coefficient of the stalk be more big and then enter tolerance more many, the motive function of I.C. engine and economic function is more good, row spirit smoke degree and hot burden more bottom;The tactful of the cam form line is more good and vibration and voice of I.C. engine are more small,Cam stalk with stand the contact of pillar more small in response to the dint,Lubricate characteristic more good, the I.C. engine goes together with impact of annoy the organization to carry lotus and friction to wear away more small.Along with I.C. engine constantly to agile turn, the high speed turn, high performance and high life span direction the development be more and more high to go together with the spirit cam request of stalk design and manufacturing.However, the modern I.C. engine goes together with spirit organization, mostly adopt several motive cams and n time the Xie wave cam or compound put a line cam.But these cam form line square distance not only compute complications, and with I.C. engine structure the parameter be irrelevant and have of the n rank don't in a row lead number.Though not a few researchers carried on to a few above-mentioned form line cams various excellent turn a design, it the plentiful full coefficient all could not reach 0.59, can't also adapt I.C. engine high speed to turn and the request of high performance.Obviously, the research submits a n rank to lead number continuous, from change to measure for the I.C. engine main structure parameter, Chong spirit function good, vibrate small, the voice is low and design in brief new go together with spirit the cam form line square distance, is a very and important research topic.

The cam organization is 1 kind that the engineering is convenient to carry out machine and automation to mainly drive with control organization.With acquire in the light work, spinning, food, medicine, printing, standard spare parts manufacturing, transportation etc. the realm the movement of the work machine extensively applied.For raising the quality and rate of production of product.Have to raise it to design level further in regard to cam.Open research and expansion application of the assistance design of the exhibition calculator