2015考研英语阅读复习指导:虚拟语气-中公考研
2015年高考英语临考磨剑之重点语法虚拟语气
临考磨剑之重点语法(七)虚拟语气一.虚拟语气定义虚拟语气是表示与事实相反或建议,命令,要求和个人观点和看法的动词的一种特殊形式,经常出现在名词性从句或状语从句中。
温馨提示:虚拟语气主要有两种情况1)表示与事实相反(包括不真实/难实现的愿望)。
2)表示建议,命令,要求和个人观点和看法。
虚拟语气体现在谓语动词的形式上。
I were you, I would take this job.(与现在事实相反)如果我是你,我就接受这份工作。
I wish that I were a bird.(现在的不真实的愿望)我希望我是一只鸟。
He suggested that I ( should) star t early.(表示建议)他建议我应该早点出发。
The officer ordered the soldiers that they (should )obey the rules .(表示命令) 这个军官命令士兵要遵章守纪。
It is necessary that he ( should )learn English.(表示个人观点和看法)他学习英语时必要的。
二.虚拟语气的类型条件句中虚拟语气从句和主句的动词形式要用特殊的形式表示虚拟,如下表:Eg If I were you, I would take this job.(与现在事实相反)如果我是你,我就接受这份工作。
If you had come here yesterday, you would have met Mr. Wang.(与过去事实相反)如果你昨天来这儿,你就会遇到王先生。
If it should rain/were to rain/ rained tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. (与将来事实相反,天气预报明天是晴天)万一明天下雨,我们就推迟运动会。
温馨提示:1).假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。
考研英语虚拟语气讲义与练习
虚拟语气1.什么是虚拟语气【2010】Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influential, those selected people will do most of the work for them.【2007】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.英语语气:(1)陈述(2)祈使(3)虚拟虚拟语气:表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等【2003】If railroad charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.【2007】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament,you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.【2008】In the early 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.2.虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用①If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。
考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(二)
凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路考研英语语法虚拟语气解析六、个别特殊短语would rather ,had rather ,had better ,would (just )as soon ,would sooner 均作"但愿,宁愿”讲时:(一)后接动词原形,表示现在或将来的一种主观愿望或选择例句:1 would rather go there with you ,because you are the only pers on that I have bee n acqua in ted with.分析:该句是复合句,定语从句that I have bee n acqua in ted with 修饰the only person。
译文:我宁愿和你一起去那儿,因为你是我在这里唯一熟悉的人。
(二)后接从句,从句动词一般用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,动词用过去完成时表示过去的愿望例句:I d rather he stayed there ,because weather is said to be somewhat worse accord ing to the n ews.分析:该句是复合句,weather is said to be... 是it is said that... 的变形。
译文:我希望他待在那儿,因为据新闻报道天气将会很恶劣。
例句:I d rather you had not bee n so rude to her ,she was a new comer after all.分析:该句是复合句,其中after all 意为”究竟,毕竟”,you had not been so rude to her 表示与过去事实相反假设。
译文:真希望你不要对她那么粗鲁,毕竟她是新来的。
七、as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句表示“仿佛,好像”时也用虚拟式,从句中动词用一般过去时(be用were)表示与现在相反假设;动词用would/could/might+ 动词原形表示与将来相反假设;动词用过去完成时表示与过去相反假设。
考研英语语法解读虚拟语气(合集五篇)
考研英语语法解读虚拟语气(合集五篇)语气,是指播音语言表达的重要技巧之一。
在肯定的详细思想感情支配下详细语句的声音形式。
出于全篇稿件和整个思想感情的运动状态的要求,各个语句的本质不同,语言环境不同,每一个语句必定呈现出“这一句”的详细感情颜色和重量,并表现为千差万别的声音形式。
以下是为大家整理的考研英语语法解读虚拟语气(合集五篇),欢迎品鉴!考研英语语法解读虚拟语气2考研英语语法解读虚拟语气51) 概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不肯定是事实,或与事实相反。
2) 在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的状况,故采纳虚拟语气。
16.1 真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的状况可能发生,其中 if 是假如的意思。
时态关系句型:条件从句主句一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained答案B。
真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
留意:1) 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2) 表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
16.2 非真实条件句1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的状况。
它的基本特点是时态退后。
a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
考研基础语法知识复习——虚拟语气
考研基础语法知识复习——虚拟语气虚拟语气句型 8 (虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用)虚拟语气用于would rather 所跟的从句中,表示“宁愿” “但愿”。
从句动词用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成式表示过去的情况。
(参见would rather 句型)虚拟语气句型 9 (虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用)在表示要求、建议、命令等动词后的宾语从句中可以使用虚拟语气,其形式是“should +do”或省去should直接用动词原形(美国英语用法.)。
这类should+动词原形型的虚拟语气,一般用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语和同位语从句中。
它的使用主要取决于某些特定的表示要求、建议、命令的动词,名词和形容词。
这种类型的虚拟语气谓语由should+动词原形构成,无论什么人称都不能用 would,should在口语中可以略去。
1.他坚持要约翰来做这个工作。
2.我们建议会议不要推迟。
3.工会要求增加工资20%。
4.委员会提议在下一次会议上再讨论这件事。
5.合同规定使用最好的材料。
6.主席提出要马上讨论这个问题。
7.我们期望能提前预订票。
例句:One can suggest that students of English should spend two or three years in an English speaking country.我们建议学英语的学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。
He suggested that they (should) set up a special committee to look into the problem.他建议他们应成立一个专门的委员会来调查这个问题。
The commander ordered that our company (should) start the attack before dawn.司令官命令我们连在拂晓前开始进攻。
I demanded that he (should) tell me nothing but the truth.我要求他不要废话,只讲实情。
考研英语——虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测,建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
If I were you, I'd take them away. 如果我是你的话,我就会带走他们。
If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him. 如果我碰见了李华,我就告诉他了。
If I had time. I could come to help you. 如果我有时间,我会来帮助你的。
He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。
He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气的用法:一. 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令。
May you be happy. 祝你幸福。
May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快!You go out!你出去!二. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。
动词suggest, order, insist, propose, require, request, recommend, command, desire,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气,宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
动词demand, suggest, order, insist, propose, require, request, recommend, command, desire,等后面的从句中,"should" 可以省略。
考研英语基础复习的语法知识
考研英语基础复习的语法知识考研英语基础复习的语法知识我们在进行考研英语的基础复习时,有很多语法的知识点需要我们去掌握。
店铺为大家精心准备了考研英语基础复习的语法要点,欢迎大家前来阅读。
考研英语基础复习的语法重点▶虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
第二点:动词的时态。
考研中的虚拟语气一般会出现在阅读理解中。
是阅读理解中的一个考点。
Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. (2005年 TEXT1) 这是个含有同位语从句的复合句。
that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。
参考译文:这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”,其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。
▶省略省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。
按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于修辞上的需要,在句中并不出现,这种句子叫做省略句。
其特点是:虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分,但仍能表达其完整的意义。
省略形式多样,从单词、短语到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系,不容臆断。
省略一般出现在翻译中,在翻译的时候,一定要把省略的部分翻译出来,否则会扣分的。
Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.(2002,翻译)参考译文:如果这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的唯一方式不能也随之继续受到排斥。
考研英语语法之虚拟语气
虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句条件句分两种:一种是真实条件句,一种是虚拟条件句。
虚拟条件句,即指在一个虚拟假想的条件下来描述说话人想象的、非真实的情景,这些情景是不可能发生的,与客观事实相反。
在这种条件句中,从句和主句都要用虚拟语气。
虚拟条件句一般用if,unless (if not),If I had enough money, I would go to the zoo with you.If I had had enough money, I would have gone to the zoo with you.If I should have enough money, I would go to the zoo with you.If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup Tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are most likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping the line.on my mother’s going to Florida, she would be alive today.”三、would rather引导的宾语从句的虚拟用法would rather意为“宁愿、宁可”,其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。
2015年高考英语虚拟语气冲刺三步曲
虚拟语气冲刺三步曲根据多年学习、教学和复习的经验,我把虚拟语气复习应试的策略归纳为以下三步。
你们通过这三步,即“自主学习”、“合作学习”和“检测评价”就会对虚拟语气的各种用法清清楚楚,运用自如。
一、虚拟语气的十种用法——自主学习虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
为了帮助读者学习运用虚拟语气,提高综合运用英语的能力,笔者参照一些专著,整理归纳了虚拟语气在下面十种句式中的用法。
(一)虚拟语气用于条件状语从句注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词could,might等代替should, would。
1、表示与现在事实相反:lf l were you,l should study English.If he had time,he would attend the meeting.2、表示与过去事实相反:If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.3、表示与将来事实相反:If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting.if it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off.4、当条件状语从句表示和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它们所表示的时间来调整。
例如:If you had followed the doctor's advice,you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。
)5、以上句型可以转换成下列形式:1)从句省略if用倒装句式“were/had/should主语”。
例如:Were I in school again.1 would work harder.Had you been here earlier,you would have seen him.Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。
考研英语虚拟语气详细解读
考研英语虚拟语气详细解读专业硕士英语考试中,虚拟语气是重要的考查点,暑期复习中,专硕考生要格外重视。
英语虚拟语气的复习指导如下:一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型:(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。
B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could,would + have +动词过去分词。
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.--“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”--“That's all right,but I wish he would buy one of his own.”I wish that he weren't so lazy.(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形,表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him,but his son became an artist later.(3) would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner 和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。
例如:I'd rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
英语虚拟语气技巧 阅读训练策略及练习题(含答案)及解析
英语虚拟语气技巧阅读训练策略及练习题(含答案)及解析一、初中英语虚拟语气1. If I you,I buy a bike for him.A.was,would B.was,could C.were,would D.were,could【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:如果我是你,我会给他买一辆自行车。
buy sth for sb给某人买某物;本句用的是虚拟语气,表示与现在的事实相反,在虚拟语气中不能用was,而用were,因此选C。
考点:考查虚拟语气的用法。
2.Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up.A.should have arrived B.should arriveC.should have had arrived D.should be arriving【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:怀特先生本来应该在8:30到会,但他却没有出现。
should have done:本来应该做某事而实际上没做。
故选A考点:情态动词3.The workers insisted that they a free lunch every noon and the boss hadto do that.A.be given B.being given C.will be to give D.were given【答案】A【解析】句意:工人们坚持要求他们每天中午都有免费的午餐,老板必须这样做。
考查虚拟语气。
insist坚持,要求,其后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,跟虚拟式动词原形或者“should + 动词原形” 。
结合句意和语境可知选A。
4.You should_______ watched TV. There is so much work to do,A.not have B.have not C.not D.not having【答案】A【解析】句意“你本不应该看足球比赛,你有许多的工作要做”。
2015年大学英语六级考试语法之虚拟语气
2015年大学英语六级考试语法之虚拟语气语气的定义和种类1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如:①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊!⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如:①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如:①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功!虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。
让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。
如:⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运!⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐!⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
2015届高考英语语法复习ppt---虚拟语气
考点 1. 条件句中的虚拟语气的用法/倒装; 2. 名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法; 3. 几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法; 4. 虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。
主要形式 (1)现在事实相反的非真实条件句,谓语动词形式如下: 从句:过去时 主句:would/should/could/might+动词原形 If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice. 如果我是你
(5)要是我没错过火车就好了.
If only I hadn’t missed the train!
as if /though
区别:
He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA. 陈述语气 He speaks English as if/ though he were from the USA. 虚拟语气
If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. 假若你不借钱给我,我不可能买下这幢新房,很可能现在还住 在危房里。 (从句说明过去,主句说明过去和现在。)
How I wish he had not left.
(3)要是明天下雨就好了。(说话人已预料到明天不会下雨) I wish it would rain tomorrow.
If only
要是„„就好了 = I wish
(1)If only I knew his name now! (2) If only we had followed your advice last time! (3) If only I could see him again next year! (4)要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 If only our parents could live with us!
考研英语语法考点:虚拟语气
考研英语语法考点:虚拟语气考研英语语法考点:虚拟语气【考点概述】虚拟语气有不同的体现形式,在考研英语中多个题型中都有体现,既是考研英语学习的难点,也是考生易失分处。
在考研英语中命题频率最高的是if虚拟条件句,考生需要掌握其形式及其反映的意义。
此外,还有if虚拟条件句的省略倒装句式,以及暗含条件的虚拟语气也是考生学习重点。
对其他类型的虚拟语气也要有所了解。
对于常见的特殊虚拟语气可以当作固定句式准确记忆。
【要点精析】虚拟语气主要是表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
虚拟语气,作为动词的一种表现形式,主要是通过动词的不同时态来体现。
主要有以下几种:一、If引导的虚拟条件句既可以是真实条件状语从句,也可以是非真实条件状语从句。
1、表示对现在事实的假设条件状语从句谓语用过去时,如是谓语动词为be动词时只能用were,主句谓语用should/would/could/might+动词原形。
例:If I were a bird, I could fly out of the world. 如果我是一只鸟,我会飞离这个世界。
2、表示对过去事实的假设条件状语从句谓语用过去完成时,主句谓语用should/would/could/might+ have+过去分词的形式。
例:If you had not hurried, you would have missed the train.如果你没抓紧的话,早就错过了这班车了。
3、表示对将来事实的假设条件状语从句谓语用过去时,主句谓语用should/would/could/might+ 动词原形的形式。
例:If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car. 如果我中彩票了,会买一辆车。
4、省略if的倒装句虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含were,should或had, 可将if省略,再把were,should或had移到从句句首,构成倒装。
考研英语语法精要 虚拟语气
考研英语语法精要 - 虚拟语气虚拟语气是指虚假的语气,即表示与事实不符的语气。
在英语语法中,虚拟语气主要用来表达假设、愿望、建议、命令等,常见的形式有虚拟语气的三种类型:虚拟语气的假设语气,虚拟语气的愿望语气和虚拟语气的命令语气。
一、虚拟语气的假设语气虚拟语气的假设语气是表示假设、条件条款、建议、命令、愿望等语气。
常用的语气形式有五种:1. 第一种形式:虚拟语气的过去时虚拟语气的过去时的形式是:would/could/might + 规范动词的原形。
举个例子:•If I had time, I would go to the cinema with you. (如果我有时间,我愿意和你一起去电影院。
)这个句子中,虚拟语气的过去时“would” 表示假设,表示“如果”这个条件不成立,结果也就不成立了。
因此,这句话实际上是在暗示“我来不了”,而不是在真正意义上说“我想要去”。
2. 第二种形式:虚拟语气的过去完成时虚拟语气的过去完成时的形式是:would/could/might + have + 规范动词的三态。
举个例子:•If he had studied hard, he could have passed the exam. (如果他用心学习,他本来可以通过考试。
)这个句子中,“could have” 表示假设,表示在过去某个时间发生了某种事情,但是某种条件不成立,结果也就不成立了。
3. 第三种形式:虚拟语气的过去将来时虚拟语气的过去将来时的形式是:would/could/might + have + 过去时的完成形式。
举个例子:•She said that if I went to her party, she would have liked it. (她说如果我去了她的派对,她会很高兴。
)这个句子中,“would have liked” 表示假设,即在过去某个时间要发生某个事情,但是某些条件不成立,结果也就不成立了。
考研英语语法必修课之虚拟语气
考研英语语法必修课之虚拟语气虚拟语气,是增加考研英语阅读难度的常见方式。
所谓虚拟语气,其本质是一种非真实的条件从句,用来描述想象的、非真实的场景,或表达说话人的愿望、假想、建议等。
不同情况下虚拟语气呈现不同特征,需要我们在现实中做到具体问题具体分析。
下面为大家分析三种不同的虚拟语气:一、状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用除了可以表示条件外,还可以表示比较、结果、目的等。
虚拟语气用于表示条件的状语从句中,一般称为虚拟条件句。
根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句中谓语动词时态的变化可能有三种形式,即现在、过去和将来。
▶If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.(如果它能注意这个问题的话,它就会拓展其雇员多样化项目,而目前的项目只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工,去雇佣那些在世界观、价值观、教育背景及社会阶层方面各不相同的记者。
)▶解析:这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句。
If it did是条件状语从句。
主句中主语是it;谓语动词有两个,分别是would open up...和look for... 这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,从句用一般过去时,主句用would+动词原形open up和look for。
二、主语从句中的虚拟语气在it is + adj.这样的句型中,当描述主语的表语形容词是 advisable,critical,crucial,desirable,essential,imperative,important,incredible,inevitable,necessary,recommend,strange,urgent等形容词时,主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气,如果是现在时,谓语动词用should/would+动词原形(should/would经常省略);如果是过去时,则用should/would+have done的形式。
最新考研英语阅读复习指导:虚拟语气-中公考研
最新考研英语阅读复习指导:虚拟语气-中公考研虚拟语气是考研英语阅读理解、完形填空和翻译中一个很常见的语法现象。
尤其是在阅读理解中,推理题,这个决定学生能不能从40分的阅读中夺得30分以上的一个题型。
而我们此处的虚拟语气是推理题经常出选项的地方。
从1986年到现2014年,其出现的频率是很高的。
同时,英语二中虚拟语气也是个考点。
但是其形式多,很多考生在判断辨识和使用上有一定难度。
虚拟语气的考点一般在考研中有四大类:if 引导的从句类;从句中(should)do 句型;特殊句型类以及单用句型类。
之前我们学习了if 引导的从句这个第一类别。
那下面就其他三个考点带领大家一起继续学习虚拟语气。
(一)从句中的(should)do 句型(1)英语中有些表示要求,建议、提议、命令、意愿等的形容词、动词和名词,其后若跟随有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句,从句中的动词要求要用虚拟语气形式,即动词原形或“should+动词原形”。
属于该类的常见形容词有:advisable,desirable, essential, imperative,insistent, keen , necessary, preferable, urgent, vital等。
例1 .If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, itseems imperative, not only that communications in transport should beimproved, butalso that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite。
(1989年阅读3)例2. The board deemed it urgent that these files should be printed right away.(1993年单选1)例3.I don’t think it advisable t hat he should be assigned to the job sincehe has no experience whatsoever. (1993年改错64)例4.It’s essential that people be psychologically able to resist the impactbrought about by the transition from planned economy to market economy. (1996年改错12)常见的动词有advise, ask , beg , decide , demand, desire,determine,insist,intend,maintain,move,propose,order,recom m-end,request,require,resolve,suggest,urge等例5. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a newprogram to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. (2013年新题型) 例6.Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as somethingthat can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition。
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虚拟语气是考研英语阅读理解、完形填空和翻译中一个很常见的语法现象。
尤其是在阅读理解中,推理题,这个决定学生能不能从40分的阅读中夺得30分以上的一个题型。
而我们此处的虚拟语气是推理题经常出选项的地方。
从1986年到现2014年,其出现的频率是很高的。
同时,英语二中虚拟语气也是个考点。
但是其形式多,很多考生在判断辨识和使用上有一定难度。
虚拟语气的考点一般在考研中有四大类:if 引导的从句类;从句中(should)do 句型;特殊句型类以及单用句型类。
之前我们学习了if 引导的从句这个第一类别。
那下面就其他三个考点带领大家一起继续学习虚拟语气。
(一)从句中的(should)do 句型
(1)英语中有些表示要求,建议、提议、命令、意愿等的形容词、动词和名词,其后若
跟随有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句,从句中的动词要求要用虚拟语气形式,
即动词原形或“should+动词原形”。
属于该类的常见形容词有:advisable, desirable, essential, imperative,
insistent, keen , necessary, preferable, urgent, vital等。
例1 .If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it
seems imperative, not only that communications in transport should beimproved, but
also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite。
(1989年阅读3)
例2. The board deemed it urgent that these files should be printed right away.
(1993年单选1)
例3.I don’t think it advisable that he should be assigned to the job since
he has no experience whatsoever. (1993年改错64)
例4.It’s essential that people be psychologically able to resist the impact
brought about by the transition from planned economy to market economy. (1996年
改错12)
常见的动词有advise, ask , beg , decide , demand, desire,
determine,insist,intend,maintain,move,propose,order,recomm-end,request,require,
resolve,suggest,urge等
例5. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new
program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. (2013年新题型) 例6.Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something
that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition。
(2011年阅读4)
例7 It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference。
(2011年英语二阅读4)
常见的名词有advice, decision, demand, desire, insistence, instruction, order, preference , proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, resolution, suggestion 等。
例8. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in
non-national teams, might be too much to hope for。
(1992年阅读3)
(2)由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句也多用“should+动词原形的形式表示虚拟语气。
”
例9 They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth。
(2003年阅读2)
例10 What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar。
(2000年阅读5)
(二)特殊句型类
考研的文章中有时会出现由单词或短语印出来的从句,如果是现在的情况,要用一般过去时,如果是过去的情况,要用过去完成体。
(1)it is about/high time (that) “是…时间了”其要表达的含义是“早该”,也就是说是目前还没发生,所以用虚拟语气。
例11 If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I [C] buried my head in my hands for a cry。
(2001年单选1)
(2) would rather/had rather 宁愿;wish希望;if only 要
是。
就好了。
if only 引导的句子经常被用来表示不可能或很难实现的愿望,动词用过去式,be动词用were。
也可以表示对过去已经发生的事情表示“遗憾”,动词用过去完成式,其作用就相当于I wish 引导的句子。
(3) as if / though 好像,仿佛
在表示假设的句子中,动词用过去式表示现在,用过去完成式表示过去。
例12 Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence。
(2014年翻译)
(三)单句句型类
(1)should have done 本该做却没有做
例13 Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem。
(2006年新题型)
(2)should not have done 本不该做却做了
例14 Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives。
(2011年阅读4) 那关于虚拟语气的讲解就到此结束。
在此提醒各位在考研的任何阶段,此语法现象都要做到辨认和灵活使用。
望同学们复习顺利。
最后送同学们一句话Everything will be fine at the end ,if it isn’t well,it’s not the end。
每件事都会在最后变得好好的,如果现在不够好,那是因为现在还没到最后阶段。
加油!。