虚拟语气

虚拟语气

1.作用：用来表示说话人所说的话不是现实，只是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。这种假

设是不可能发生或不大可能发生或实现的。

（1）过去相反①如果你昨天去那里了，你就会看到那个明星了 If you had gone there, you would have seen that superstar.②如果我没生病，我就可以知道老师教了

什么内容。If I had not been ill, I would have known of what the teacher taught.

（2）与现在相反①如果我现在是个老师，我就会让学生们做好多作业。If I were a teacher now, I would ask students to do a lot of homework.②如果我现在是

个成人，我就会做我想做的。If I were an adult, I would do what I want to do.

③如果我现在去那里，我就会得到那个礼物。If I went there, I would get that

present.

（3）与将来的①如果你明天不去上课，我就给你买冰激凌。If you did not go to school tomorrow, I would buy an ice-cream for you. If you were not to go to school,

I would buy an ice-cream for you ②如果你这样做，我会打算让你通过考试。If

you should do this, I would decide to let you pass the examination.

（4）易错练习题:① if you _____your homework, your teacher ____ your parents yesterday.

A.did, didn’t tell

B. did, wouldn’t tell

C.had done, wouldn’t tell

D. had done, wouldn’t have told

分析：时态，

② ____Tom was ill, I would have not told Tom the truth.

A.If I know,

B. if I knew,

C.if I had known,

D.if I have known

（5）虚拟条件的倒装：把从句中if省略，把动词had，were，should 提到主语之前，

意思不会发生任何改变。

Eg：①Had you gone there, you would have seen that superstar.

② Had I not been ill, I would have known of what the teacher taught.

③Were I a teacher now, I would ask students to do a lot of homework.

④Did you not go to school tomorrow, I would buy an ice-cream for you.

⑤Were you not to go to school, I would buy an ice-cream for you

⑥Should you do this, I would decide to let you pass the examination.

3.错综时间条件句。特点：主句和从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句、从句谓语动词的

形式因时间的不同而不同。解决办法（注意事项）：时间状语的提示，注意事实与虚拟

的混合。

⑴如果你昨天询问他了，那么现在你就知道怎么做了。If you had consulted him, you would

know how to do now.

(2)如果你以前学习了，你会在明天面试中有优势。

If you had studied before, you would have an advantage in tomorrow’s job interview. （3）如果你去那儿事情就会好些，可是你还要做你的作业

If you went there, things would be better, but you have to do your homework. 4.含蓄虚拟条件句

有时从句中根本既没有if，也不是省略if的倒装从句，还是有虚拟的意思。一般主要体现在一些词或短语中。还是用于表达情感的。

But, but for, but that,（要不是） with, without,(没有要不是) except for（要不是）, under more favorable condition（要是在更合适的环境下）等。provided, provide that, on condition that, 如果，要是那样的话unfortunately等

例如：① but for your help, I would not have pass the exam.

② without his teaching, I would have never understood the meaning of my work.

③ Except for the sun, nothing could live on the earth.

④

5.一种用虚拟语气时总是should+v原形

（1）用于命令，决定，建议，要求，请求，坚决要求等词后的that分句中用should+v原形这些动词是order, decide, suggest，decree， demand，request，insist，propose，recommend， require，prefer。名词为，order，decision，suggestion，decree， demanding，request， insistence，proposition，recommendation。

Eg：动词① He ordered that we should finish the task as soon as possible.

② we all suggest that children should have a rest in the weekend.

名词③ his order is that we should finish the task as soon as possible.

④ his request is that you should do your homework at once/ right away.

共同点：不论是名词还是动词，只要是以上情况都是用虚拟语气，形式为 should+ v原形（2）lest / for fear that/in case 防止，以防，

① he educates his son every day lest/ for fear that/ in case his son should behave badly.

② he walked quietly lest/ for fear that/ in case he should wake up the baby 共同点：不论时态是现在还是过去时，从句中都是虚拟语气用should+v原形

此外， 1，用动词的过去式表示假设意义（重点掌握）

It is（high/about）time that + v 过去式…括号内做程度修饰

Eg: ①It’s high time that we finished the class.

② it’s 7 o’clock. It is about time that you went to school.

2.would rather/ would prefer 宁愿。。。

Eg：I am going to have a game, so I would rather you gave me a hand.

Now you lose your chance, I would prefer you had listened to my adcice.

3. wish

学生有作业，如果是成人像家长一样，就不用做作业I wish I were an adult. 学生最担心考试，都希望考试考好。I wish I had got 90 in the exam two days ago. 天天都要做作业，真想再周末能有空闲休息。I wish I would have a good time in the weekend. 4．As if/as through 好像，仿佛

He speaks as if he were a professor.

The apple tastes as through it is sour.

It looks as if it is going to rain.