4月全国自学考试英语阅读(一)试题及答案解析
2021年04月自学考试00012英语(一)试题答案
全国2021年04月高等教育自学考试英语（一）试题答案课程代码：000122021年04月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（一）试题答案及评分参考（课程代码00015）第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分）1.B2.A3.C4.B5.D6.A7.C8.A9.A 10.B第二部分：阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分）11.D 12.D 13.C 14.A 15.B第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16~25题，每题1分，共10分）16.B 17.C 18.A 19.E 20.F21.A 22.C 23.B 24.E 25.D第四部分：填句补文（第26~30题，每题2分，共10分）26.C 27.B 28.A 29.F 30.D第五部分：填词补文（第31~40题，每题1.5分，共15分）31.C 32.E 33.K 34.J 35.B36.H 37.A 38.F 39.L 40.I第六部分：完形补文（第41~50题，每题1.5分，共15分）41.animals 42.effective 43.medical 44.important45.frequently 46.served 47.places 48.offering49.traditional 50.covers【评分参考】本部分无0.5和1分的计分，语法错误或拼写错误均不给分：英、美拼写均可接受：大小写错误不扣分。
第七部分：短文写作（第51题，30分）51.范文（略）（1）评分原则本题总分为30分，按5个档次评分。
阅卷人应就总体印象给分，而不是按照语言错误的数量扣分。
评分时，先根据文章的内容要点、高章结构和语言运用初步确定其所属的档次，然后依照该档次的具体要求酌情增减分数，最后给分。
应避免分数趋中现象，即不能只给中间档次的分数。
该给高分时就应给高分（包含满分），该给低分时就应给低分（包含0分）。
拼写和标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。
全国2023年4月自考大学英语试题和标准答案
全国2023年4月自考大学英语试题和标准答案Listening Section1. B2. A3. C4. B5. AReading SectionPassage 11. B2. C3. APassage 21. D2. B3. CWriting SectionEssay Topic: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of social media.Sample Standard Answer:In conclusion, social media has its advantages and disadvantages. It is essential to use social media responsibly, while being mindful of its potential risks. By maintaining a balance and using it as a tool for information sharing and social interaction, we can reap the benefits of social media while minimizing its negative effects.Speaking SectionPart 1:1. I enjoy spending free time with my family and friends.2. The next book I plan to read is "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald.3. My favorite type of music is pop because it's upbeat and catchy.Part 2:Describe a memorable trip you have taken. Where did you go? What did you do? Why was it memorable?Sample Standard Answer:During my time in Paris, I visited iconic landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower, Notre-Dame Cathedral, and the Louvre Museum. I also indulged in the city's culinary delights, trying famous French dishes like croissants, macarons, and escargots. What made the trip truly special was the opportunity to immerse myself in the French culture and experience the local way of life. The charming streets, the art exhibitions, and the friendly locals all added to the unforgettable experience.Apart from the sights and tastes, the trip was memorable because I got to spend quality time with my family. We laughed, explored, and created lasting memories together. It was a bonding experience that brought us closer and made the trip all the more special.Part 3:1. In my opinion, traveling is a great way to broaden one's horizons and learn about different cultures.3. The tourism industry plays a significant role in boosting the economy of a country by creating job opportunities and attracting foreign investments.Note: The above answers are sample standard answers and may vary based on personal preferences and experiences.。
全国4月高等教育自学考试综合英语(一)试题及答案解析历年试卷及答案解析
8.Do you feel like to a film or would you rather _______ at home.A.to go,to stay C.to go,stay ing 9.That's one of those questi ons that _______ A.n eed n't to be an sweredB.go ing, stayD.go in g,to stayB.n eed n't to answer C.n eed n't be an swered D.n eed n't answer10.You'd rather I did n't tell her about it, A.would n't you C.should youB.did n'tyou D.had you 11. _______ t he road and you will come to the office buildi ng. A.lf you were to turn offB.Tur n offC.Turni ng offD.Havi ng tur ned off 12. _______ a good excuse for being late,Sally was criticized.A.Not hav ingB.Hav ing not全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试综合英语（一）试题课程代码：00794Part One I •用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。
从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出一个正确答案，并将选 项号填在答题纸上的相应位置。
（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分） 1. The values of today's young people differ from _______ . A.those of their pare nts B.that of their pare nts C.their pare ntsD.whose pare nts 2. We had to leave quietly ______ disturb other people. A.as so not to B.so as not to C.not so as toD.so not as to 3. Where is your brother?He _______ to the dining room. A.had gone B.had bee n C.has bee nD.has gone 4. A new all-purpose buildi ng ______ in the mountain village for shopp in g,bus in ess and in door sports.A.is now con struct ing B.has now con structed C.is now being con structedD.has bee n now con structed 5.lf you had done as I told you,this _______ .A.should have not happe ned B.would not have happe nedC.did not happe nD.had not happe ned 6. _______ the city's environment 环境）has become of great importanee. A.The improvi ng B.lm provi ng of C.lm prov ingD.Be ing improved 7.I advised him _______ the bus con ductor to tell him ________ . A.to ask,where to get off B.to ask,to get off whereC.telling,where to get offD.telli ng,to get off whereC.Have notD.Do not have13.Since our stay was too short,we couldn't visit all the places _______A. where we should like to visitB. which we would like to visit themC. where we should have liked toD. which we would have liked to14. _______ your feelings may be,it's best to take his advice.A. WhateverB.WhatC.HoweverD.How15. _____________________________________________ The students were assigned to write a paper on ________________________________________ from the course.A. what had they learnedB.that had they learnedC.that they had learnedD.what they had learned16. ______________________________________________________________________ Ashort sentence after a series of （ 一系列 ） long sentences can have a dramatic ________A.influenceB.resultC.impressionD.effect17. ___________________________________________ When he looked into the audience,he caught ________________________________________ of his mother nodding to him.A.signB.sightC.glowD.head18.Only then did he _______ the situation he and his fellow soldiers were in.A.awareB.aware of19. The hunter fired and the fox fellB. deadlyC. deadD.dying20. ________________________________ Mr.Green's good health is chiefly proper diet and regular exercise.A.due toB.becauseC.in connection withD.in accordance with21. _______________________________________________________________ The owner of the store promised to give the money back to the traveller _______________________ his return.A.atB.fromC.become awareD.become aware ofA.deathC.byD.on22. ______________________________ How could he convince them his innocence?A.onB.ofC.withD.over23.It's _______ the government to make a decision on this issue.A.thanks toB.according toC.due toD.up to24.She didn't expect them to understand the sufferings she and her family _______ .A.went overB.went throughC.passed overD.passed into25. _____________________________________ After a long discussion the two parties an agreement.A.arrivedB.arrived inC.reached outD.reached26. ________________________________________________________ T he upper part of him that would show above the table would _______________________________ no doubt in the mind of the waiter.A.riseB.ariseC.arouseD.awake27. _________________________________ H e came here to be a miner but as a farmer.A.ended upB.turned upC.came upD.brought up28. ______________________________________________ When the boy was only four,his father decided to ________________________________________ a musician of him.A.doB.makeC.developD.produce29. ________________ My parents, touring in Britain,are looking forward to a traditional English afternoontea in a beautiful setting.A.nowadaysB.instantlyC.presentlyD.intently30. _______________________ Last year,the school a special class to help poor readers.A.set asideB.set upC.set outD.set offn •阅读下面两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题，根据短文的内容从四个选项中选择一个最佳答案，并将选项号填在答题纸上的相应位置。
2020年4月自考英语(一)试题及答案解析
2018年4月自考英语（一）试题第一部分选择题(共50分)I. V ocabulary and Structure (10 points，1point for each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1. ______ the sun，the moon looks the biggest object in the sky.A. Except forB. BesidesC. ExceptD. Other than2. When they join the work force，their employers and associates alike will soon realize that the behavior of these rude young people is closer to ______ of animals than civilized individuals.A. thoseB. whichC. whatD. that3. Although there is no doubt that _____ people benefit from heart surgery，critics of our health-care systems point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages.A. a great deal ofB. a great amount ofC. a great number ofD. the number of4. If I ______ a little earlier，I would have caught the train.A. leftB. would leaveC. leaveD. had left5. _______ their common aim may seem good，people probably do not realize that dieting can do harm to their health.A. AsB. ThoughC. IfD. Since6. We should be ______ of the views of others，even if we disagree with them.A. kindB. considerateC. tolerantD. capable7. Rude people are those whose behavior shows little respect for the rules that the majority _____.A. haveB. ownC. followD. like8. There is great pleasure in watching wildlife in natural or near-natural environments，and tourism can _____ the income of countries.A. add toB. take toC. keep toD. see to9. He helped me and I hope I can do something for him ______.A. in turnB. for returnC. by turnD. in return10. We can come to the _____ that the more we practice，the more skillful we will be.A. traditionB. generationC. conclusionD. factII. Cloze Test (10 points，1 point for each)下列短文中有十个空格，每个空格有四个选项。
全国4月高等教育自学考试英语(一)试题及答案解析历年试卷及答案解析
全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试英语(一)试题课程代码：00012I .Vocabulary and Structure (10 points,1 point for each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
1. What you said reminds me ___ s ometh ing I read a few days ago.A. forB.byC.fromD.of2. A no ther worry is that telecom mun icati on systems may isolate people__ each otherA. fromB.forC.withD.to3. The smog is due __ in visible gases, mostly from automobile exhaust.A. fromB.toC.forD.with4. __ is accepted as ture is relatively,a nd not absolutely, true.A. ItB.ThatC.WhatD.That it5. There are many childre n and adolesce nts behavior is gen erally un acceptable.A. theirB.whoC.whomD.whose6. Edison failed __ times before he succeeded in producing the first electric lamp.A. thousa ndB.thousa ndsC.a thousa nd ofD. thousa nds of7. Water __ the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food.A. makesB.causesC.pushesD.tur ns8. The panic attacks may __ for only a few minu tes; some, however, con ti nue for several hours.A. happe nB.beg inC.l astD.end9. Let us see how dict ion aries are made and how the editors _ defi niti ons.A. l ead toB.arrive atC.reach forD.approach to10. The nurse took __ of my blood to test.A. a n exampleB.a n in sta neeC.a caseD.a samplen . Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
2004年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题
2004年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读（一）试题PART ONE（70 POINTS）I.TEXT COMPREHENSION The following comprehension questions are based on the texts you have learned，and each of them is provided with 4 choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best answer to each question and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.（20 points，1 point each）1.In Gifts of the Magi，the two possessions Mr. and Mrs. Young took great pride in are （）A.Jim‘s watch and Della’s hairB.Jim‘s watch and Dell’s combsC.Della‘s combs and Jim’s watch-chainD.Della‘s hair and Jim’s watch-chain2.In No Marriage，No Apologies，Mrs. Frishberg said，“I‘m not against the institution of marriage. We just never get around to it.”The underlined sentence meansA.we never have the courage to face the problem directlyB.we never go so far as to consider the matterC.we never overcome the obstacles of marriageD.we never finish discussing the problem with each other3.Lisabetta‘s brothers decided to put an end to her secretlove affair by killing Lorenzo because theyA.thought that he would snatch their beautiful sister away from themB.considered the secret love affair a shame to the familyC.worried that Lorenzo would inherit the family fortuneD.looked upon Lorenzo as inferior to them in social rank4.The Wife of Bath intends to show with her tale thatA.men should be obedient to their wivesB.knights should be loyal to the King and the QueenC.women should be obedient to their husbandsD.husbands should be young and loving5.In Mark Twain‘s The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County，Simon Wheeler isA.a good-natured and extremely talkative old manB.fond of making fun of people with his long talesC.most curious about betting and dog fightD.a well-trained frog and the best jumper in Calaveras County6.According to The value of Education，our purpose of educating children is toA.choose a proper system of educationcate them only for the aim of educating themC.accustom them to varied lifeD.make them intelligent citizens7.The child in A Day‘s Wait kept tight control over himself throughout the day because heA.was afraid that he would die if he lost control over himselfB.thought he was going to die and he must show courage in the face of deathC.wanted to recover quickly so that he could go hunting with his fatherD.did not want to be a bother to and a burden on others8.Rip Van Winkle is taken from The Sketch Book， a collection of essays，sketches，and tales written byA.Benjamin FranklinB.Thomas PaineC.Washington IrvingD.O.Henry9.According to the passage English World-wide，many Third World people oppose the use of English in their countries becauseA.they consider it a form of cultural imperialismB.the English language has produced racismC.other languages are easier to learnD.they are against modernization in general10.Aristotle，the Greek philosopher，summed up the four chief qualities of money some 2，000 years ago as being durable，distinct，and portable.A.divisibleB.definiteC.deficientD.decisive11.In New Applications，the illegal plan first came to Miriam when she discovered by accident thatA.Al Cropin‘s grand scheme was not practicalB.the home-type computer improved the market conditionsC.the latest version of home-type computers was actually compatible with the one in her officeD.everyone could use the terms to refer to the computer and its application software12.According to The Story of the Bible，Noah‘s drunkenness and behavior most probably reflect thatA.people easily forgot their past mistakesB.people tended to enjoy a peaceful lifeC.Noah wanted to escape from his lonelinessD.Noah lacked the companionship of his children13.The Statue of Liberty reminds people of all the following EXCEPTA.American democracyB.friendship between America and FranceC.the support of FranceD.the journey of pilgrims14.According to the information in Gateway to the USA，New York City was a bitter disillusionment to some immigrants in thatA.it turned out to be a wretched placeB.there was no gold in the cityC.the competition was severe in the cityD.there was the language problem15.It can be concluded from the story The Perfect Match thatputers can be used to make every decision in people‘s livesB.natural interactions are essential for human beingsC.marriage brings unexpected changes in people‘s livesD.people tend to hide their true feeling before marriage16.From about the 5th century through the 15th century，Latin was regarded as all of the following EXCEPTA.the most suitable language in the worldB.the second language of educated people in EuropeC.a subject taught in schools and in collegesD.the language of the church17.In style，the story True Love isA.a real love storyB.an autobiographyC.a journalistic reportD.a satirical fantasy18.In Bricks from the Tower of the Babel，the writer Jessica Davidson provides a detailed explanation forA.the construction of the towerB.the structure and sound system of EsperantoC.internationalization of some natural languagesD.the Indo-European language family19.According to The Merchant of Venice，all the following words can be used to describe Portia EXCEPTA.wiseB.courageousC.mercifulD.cautious20.Hollywood became an ideal site for shooting motion pictures chiefly becauseA.most of the glamorous movie stars lived thereB.famous film corporations operated thereC.the climate there was sunny and mildD.the studio chiefs liked it very muchII.READING COMPREHENSIONIn this part there are 4 reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D. You should decide on the best answer or the best choice to complete the statement and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points，2 points each）Passage 1When you‘re negotiating with someone，listen for the messages that he or she might be sending to you. For example，the word “difficult” does not mean the same as impossible. Imagine you’re staying in a hotel，and you want to change your room. The manager‘s answer of，“That would be very difficult，sir”，does not mean that he is saying “no.” It just means that he wants to know what you are prepared to offer him in return for the change of room.If you are buying a new car，and want to pay less than the price being asked，then the salesman‘s comment，“I’m sorry，but we never negotiate on the price”，means that they do negotiate on other things，like the delivery time，or the “extra” that might be available as part of the purchase. In the same car showroom，if the salesman says，“Sorry，I can‘t negotiate p rices”，then your response should be to ask who can. Themessage the salesman is sending suggests that his boss is the one you need to be talking to.In all of these situations，the message is never communicated in clear terms. In any negotiation，the two “players” wish to get as much out of it as they can，of course. In the three examples above，the salesmen and the hotel manager are hoping that you will accept their price or conditions—but their “messages” make it clear that there may be room for movement and compromise. In a successful negotiation，the two sides move towards each other and reach agreement on conditions that satisfy both sides.21.The hotel manager‘s answer “That would be very difficult，sir” impliesA.you can change the room if you find some excuseB.someone else has paid more for the room under discussionC.the room is available if an extra sum of money is offeredD.someone else has booked the room in return for more money22.When the salesmen tell you that they never negotiate on the price，you canA.negotiate the price with the managerB.demand to see the one who canC.find out other possibilities in the purchaseD.accept the price without any further negotiation23.This passage is intended forA.managersB.customersC.salesmenD.scholars24.The passage tells us how toA.send massages in a negotiationB.become a successful salesmanC.profit from business transactionsD.receive messages in a negotiation25.It can be safely concluded from the passage thatA.at least two players should be in the room for communicationB.a lot can be inferred from what is actually stated in a negotiationC.you should never communicate your ideas in clear termsD.you should play the roles of a salesman and manager in a negotiationPassage 2Following football hero O.J.Simpson‘s arrest in June 1994 for the murder of his ex-wife and one of her friends，Newsweek and Time magazines ran the same police mug shot of Simpson on their covers. Newweek’s version was a str aight reproduction. Time electronically manipulated the photo to darken it and achieve a gloomy and threatening look that emphasized Simpson‘s unshaven cheeks and African-American skin color. The alteration offended many readers and raised an increasingly familiar question：In an age of computer-controlled images，can anyone still trust a photographAltering a digitized image（数码技术相片），as Time did for its cover，has been one of the fastest-growing，most far-reaching，and most controversial（有争议的）techniques in contemporary photography. With this method a photograph is scanned（扫描），digitized （converted into a set of numeric values），and entered into a computer from which the operator can control the image almost in any way imaginable：add，delete，or change the position of visual elements；modify tones and colors；create montages；combine photographs；and even create entirely imaginary scenes. The digitized image can be stored in a data base，output as a print（底片）or transparency（透明胶片），or converted for video-screen display.Electronic image manipulation arrived in force in the 1980s with a new type of computers that cost on the order of $500，000 or more and occupied and entire room. More compact and far less expensive desktop systems soon appeared，capable of，at least，limited image control and available at chain-store prices.The ever-rising flood of digitized visual information may not，as some critics fear，fatally destroy the certainty of photographic evidence. Yet many observers agree that both suppliers and consumers of photographic information must exercise greater care than before to tell fact from falsehood in the images they use.26.Which of the following magazines was accused of distorting the murderer‘s photograph by many readersA.Time.B.Newsweek.C.Washington Post.D.Not mentioned in the passage27.Nowadays，electronic image alterations areA.unbearably expensiveB.more expensive in the StatesC.only available in chain storesD.far less expensive than before28.The digitized alteration technique isA.developing with great careB.very capable and developing rapidlyC.strongly criticized due to its easy accessD.fatal in destroying the certainty of photographic evidence29.According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT trueA.With digitized alteration techniques，a photograph may be scanned，digitized and altered.B. With digitized alteration techniques，the digitized images can be stored in a data base or transformed for video-screen display.C.With digitized alteration techniques，both suppliers and consumers of photographic information are able to tell fact from falsehood in the image they use.D.With digitized alteration techniques，it is possible for the computer operators to control the image almost in any conceivable way.30.What is the author‘s attitude toward the technique of digitized image manipulationA.Critical.B.Objective.C.Indifferent.D.Supportive.Passage 3The importance of symbols as a source of cultural diversity can be seen in the dress codes and hairstyles of different societies. In most situations，the symbolism of clothing and hairstyles communicates different messages ranging from political beliefs to identification with specific ethnic or religious groups. The tartan（格子呢）of a Scottish clan，the black leather jacket and long hair of a motorcycle gang member in the United States，and the veil of an Islamic woman in Saudi Arabia provide a symbolic vocabulary that creates cultural diversity.Many examples of clothing styles could be used to illustrate how symbols are used to produce cultural diversity. Consider，for instance，changing dress codes in the United States. During the 1960s，many young people wore jeans，sandals，and beads to symbolize their rebellion against what they conceived as the conformist inclinations of American society. By the 1980s，many of the same people were wearing “power suits” as they sought to advance up the corporate ladder.An example of how hairstyles can create meaningful symbolic codes can be seen in a group known as theRastafarians（sometimes known as Rastas or Rastaman）of Jamaica. The majority of the people of Jamaica are of African descent. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries，they were brought to Jamaica by European slave traders to work on plantations. The Rastafarians are a specific religious group within Jamaica who believe that Haile Selassie（1892-1975），the former emperor of Ethiopia，whose original name was Ras Tafari，was the black Messiah who appeared in the flesh for the redemption of all blacks exiled in the world of white oppression. Rastafarian religion fuses Old Testament teachings，Christian mysticism，and Afro-Jamaican religious beliefs. The Rastafarian movement originated as a consequence of harsh economic，political，and living conditions in the slums of Jamaica.In the 1950s，during the early phase of the Rastafarian movement，some male members began to grow their hair in “locks” or “dreadlocks” to symbolize their religious and political commitments. This hairstyle became well known in Western society through reggae（强节奏黑人音乐）music and Rasta musicians such as the late Bob Marley. Rastafarians derive the symbolism of the dreadlock hairstyle of the Rastafarians from the Bible. They view the unshaven man as the natural man andinvoke Samson as one of the most important figures in the Bible. Dreadlocks also reflect a dominant symbol within the Rastafarian movement，the lion，which is associated with Haile Selassie，one of whose titles was the “Conqueri ng Lion of Judah（犹大）”To simulate the spirit of the lion，some Rastas do not cut their hair，sometimes growing their locks 20 inches or more.Thus，to a great extent，culture consists of a network of symbolic codes that enhance values，beliefs，worldviews，and ideologies within a society，Humans go to a great length to create symbols that provide meaning for individuals and groups. These symbolic meanings are a powerful source of cultural diversity.31.What is the main idea of this selectionA.Hairstyles and dress codes identify political beliefs in diverse societies.B.The Rastafarian movement symbolized a religious and political commitment.C.Symbols provide meaning and a satisfaction of biological needs in society.D.Hairstyles and dress codes can be important symbols of cultural diversity in different societies.32.The author uses the examples of the Scottish tartan，the motorcycle jacket，and the Islamic veil to showA.the political power of dress codes in different societiesB.the diversity of clothing styles throughout the worldC.dress codes that symbolize different ethnic and religious groupsD.the resistance to change of culturally different groups33.The author suggests that the young people wearing jeans in the 1960s wore “power suits” in the 1980s becauseA.styles changedB.the American government changedC.their attitudes and goals changedD.both outfits symbolized rebellion34.All of the following are true of the Rastafarians EXCEPTA.they believe that Emperor Haile Selassie was the black MessiahB.they are the original natives of JamaicaC.they are a religious group with political commitmentsD.they formed as a result of harsh living conditions in Jamaica35.The Rastafarian movement beganA.at the beginning of the nineteenth centuryB.around the middle of the twentieth centuryC.before European slave traders arrivedD.in the early eighteenth centuryPassage 4A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes，as a rule，to have it retold in identically the same words，but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book，and，if a parent can produce what，in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child，is an improvement on the printed text，so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter，one would have to show in controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive，destructive，sadistic（虐待狂的）impulses every child has and，on the whole，their symbolic verbal discharge seem to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears，there are ，I think，well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often，however，this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain offear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true，that giants，witches，two-headed dragons，magic carpets，etc.，do not exist；and that，instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales，the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people，I must confess，so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound，the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.36.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it isA.repeated without variationB.treated with respectC.adapted by the parentD.set in the present37.Fairy stories are a means by which children‘s impulses may beA.beneficially channeledB.given a destructive tendencyC.held back until maturityD.effectively suppressed38.According to the passage great fear can be stimulated in a child when the story isA.in a realistic settingB.heard for the first timeC.repeated too oftenD.dramatically told39.The advantage claimed for repeating a fairy story to young children is that itA.makes them come to terms with their fearsB.develops their power of memoryC.convinces them there is nothing to be afraid ofD.encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs40.The author‘s mentioning of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest thatA.fairy stories are still being made upB.there might be confusion about different kinds of truthC.people try to modernize old fairy storiesD.there is more concern for children‘s fears nowadaysIII.SKIMMING AND SCANNINGIn this part there are 3 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 answers marked A，B，C and D. Skim or scan the passages，then decide on the best answer or the best choice to complete the statement and write the corresponding letter on theANSWER SHEET.（10 points，1 point each）Passage 1When we call someone a pig or a swine，we do not mean it as a compliment. But pigs do not deserve to be used as a symbol for an insult. They are probably not as dirty as they are made out to be. According to one pig keeper，swine are very clean when allowed to live in a clean environment. He feels pigs are usually dirty simply because their keepers don‘t clean their pens. In any case，no one has proven that the pig that wallows in mud prefers that to a cool bath. Furthermore，pigs are smarter than most wallows in mud prefers that to a cool bath. Furthermore，pigs are smarter than most people think. Many farmers，for example，have observed that pigs frequently undo complicated bolts on gates in search of adventure or romance. So the next time you call someone a pig，perhaps he or she ought to be someone you wish to praise.41.This passage deals withA.the reasons why pigs are dirtyB.people‘s wrong perceptions of pigsC.how to insult or compliment peopleD.why people like to keep pigs42.One pig keeper feels that pigs will stay clean if they areA.given cool baths every dayB.praised from time to timeC.kept in a clean environmentD.allowed to seek adventure or romance43.The detail that pigs “can undo complicated bolts on gates” supports the opinion thatA.pigs sometimes can be adventurousB.pigs are generally misunderstood by peopleC.pigs are also mischievous and romanticD.pigs are smarter than most people thinkPassage 2The large，gleaming refrigerator is the focal point of most American kitchens. It holds enough food to last many days. It is cold enough to preserve that food well. Its advantages are clear. But that big refrigerator has its drawbacks as well，although they are not usually recognized. First of all，the large refrigerator encourages the hoarding of food，obesity and other eating problems. Also，it has destroyed the pleasant custom，still common in Europe，of going to market each day. Picking out one‘s fresh produce daily while chattin g with friends and neighbors is no longer a part of our lives. In addition，people’s desire to buy huge amounts of groceries just a fewtimes a month has encouraged the growth of supermarkets and destroyed local grocery stores. Another victim of the giant refrigerator has been small local farmers，who can‘t compete against the mega-producers favored by the supermarkets.44.According to the passage，which of the following is regarded by the author as one of the victims of the “giant refrigerator”A.The supermarkets.B.The local grocery stores.C.The American kitchensD.The mega-producers45.From this passage，you could infer that many EuropeansA.are more economical shoppers than AmericansB.are better cooksC.enjoy eating moreD.don‘t have “giant” refrigerators46.The author‘s tone in this passage is mainlyA.cheerfulB.depressingC.criticalD.optimistic47.The passage mainly deals withA.the advantages of shopping patterns in EuropeB.disadvantages and advantages of large refrigeratorsC.fresh，healthy produce and daily meeting with friendsD.wonderful modern kitchen appliancesPassage 3Urbanization and industrialization demanded new directions in education. Public education，once a dream，now becomes a reality. Education was forced to meet new social changes. American society was getting much more complex；literacy became more essential. Secondary education，which had been almost totally in the hands of private individuals up to the time of the Civil War，gradually became a public concern. By the early 1900s there were over 7000 high schools，totaling an enrollment of over 1 million. Technological changes demand more vocational training. Subjects such as bookkeeping，typing，agriculture，woodworking，and metalworking were introduced into the curriculum. American education finally was becoming universal.Higher education also responded to the need for more and different education. The Morril Act of 1862 established state land grant colleges that taught agricultural methods and vocational subjects. While curriculums included a large number of required courses during the first two years of college，more elective subjects were added during the last two years. In 1876 Hopkins University instituted America‘s first graduate school foradvanced study. In general，American education began to respond to the complexities of the industrial age and the need for a new focus in education.48.One factor，repeatedly emphasized in the passage，is thatA.technological changes demanded more vocational trainingB.teaching methods were also changingC.higher education also responded to the need for more different educationcation was forced to meet new social changes49.Literacy became more essential becauseA.American public education was far from enoughB.American society was growing more complexC.the public was concerned about secondary educationD.far fewer subjects were introduced into the school curriculum50.In the last paragraph of the passage，the word “instituted” meansA.set upB.providedC.set forthD.preparedPART TWO（30 POINTS）IV.WORD FORMATIONSComplete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points，1 point each）51.（title）Being a memberyou to discounts on tickets.52.（essence）She has added a few characters and changed some names butthis is a true story.53.（advantage）She argued that social，such as lackinga good living condition or a good standard of education，are major causes of crime.54.（effect）She is not officially our boss，but she is incontrol of the office.55.（courage）It wasof the young man to challenge the professor as to the potential genetic therapies.56.（supervise）Most health services are provided free of charge for low-income groups and at moderate charges for others，through local and national agencies，under the of the Department of Health.57.（employ）Four out of five U.S.corporations with more than 500now offer educational opportunities to workers，and many professional associations have educational programs for their members.58.（wide）The range of university courses available hastremendously in recent years.59.（consider）The nature of Canadian households has changedover the past quarter-century.60.（afford）Radio exposed a wider audience to country music while new，relatively inexpensive recording technology made records available atprices.V.ANSWER THE QUESTIONSThere are 4 groups of simple questions in this part，which are based on the texts you have learned. Give a brief answer to each of the questions. Your answers must be to the point and grammatically correct. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（20 points，5 points each）61.In The Necklace by de Maupassant，what did Mme. Loisel strongly wish for and how do you account for those wishes What is the irony in the story（From The Necklace）62.Why did Smiley name his frog Daniel Webster What did Smiley try to train him to do For what purpose did he train his frog（From The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Cavaveras County）63.According to Bricks from the Tower of the Bable，whatare the purpose，ideal features and limitations of a universal language（From Bricks from the Tower of the Babel）64.According to David Givens in What Body Language Can Tell you That Words Cannot，what is body language What features does it have Cite one or two examples of body language from the text.（From What Body Language Can Tell You That Words Cannot）。
2021年4月全国自学考试00012《英语(一)》真题及答案
绝密＊考试结束前全国2021年4月高等教育自学考试英语（一）试题课程代码：000121.请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
2.答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
选择题部分注意事项：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦千净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题纸相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
India's "Macaron（小圆饼）Queen"Pooja was a young Indian woman. She opened her own macaron store a few years ago. She should have been a lawyer. B ut while studying law at university in Mumbai, she decidedto quit. She wanted to do something more creative. She had helped her mother in the kitchen during her childhood, so she decided to work with food instead of legal cases.Pooja persuaded her parents to let her go to Switzerland to study cooking and management. Returning to Mumbai upon graduation, she set to work in her parents'kitchen. She wanted to develop her own macaron recipe（配方）．It took her around six months of research and 60 failed recipes to finally get something right.When she had a recipe she was proud of, her businessman father agreed to put money into her business. Yet being both young and female, she faced challenges. "The biggest problem was to get people to take you seriously," she said. "For example, if I had to sign a lease（租约）for a place, or buy machinery, I would have to ask my father to make the phone calls for me."She named the business after "Le 15 Patisserie" in Paris, where she once lived. In Mumbai, very few people knew what a macaron was. People never tried one. Pooja decided to浙00012＃英语（一）试题第1页（共8页）give away free samples. The cakes were immediately popular, and sales soon started to go up thanks to positive word of mouth.Pooja also started running classes on how to make macarons and other cakes. This made the business better known. She even published a book on cooking. It became a best-seller in India. One newspaper article called her "the macaron queen of India."I.Pooja became a lawyer after graduation.A.TrueB.False2.Pooja thought cooking was more creative than law.A.TrueB.False3.Pooja studied cooking in Switzerland for six months.A.TrueB.False4.Pooja got the right macaron recipe from her parents.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given C.Not Given C.Not Given C.Not Given5.Pooja's father refused to give her the money for the business.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given6.Pooja's father sometimes helped her make business calls.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given7.Pooja lived in Paris for five years.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given8.At the beginning, Pooja let people try macarons for free.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given9.Pooja offered courses on how to make macarons.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given IO. The book Pooja published was not popular.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第11,...,15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，井在答题纸相应位置上将该项涂黑。
4月全国自考英语阅读(一)试题及答案解析
全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题课程代码：00595PART ONE (70 POINTS)Ⅰ.TEXT COMPREHENSIONThe following comprehension questions are based on the texts you have learned, and each of them is provided with 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer to each question and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points ,1 point each)1.“With that chain on his watch ,Jim might loot at the time in any company.”The underlined partin this sentence from Gifts of the Magi means ____.A. in the presence of any personB. while working in a firmC. when interviewed by a corporationD. doing any business2.According to The Wife of Bath's Tale, what women want most is ____.A. jewels and moneyB. happinessC. fine clothesD. leadership in the family3.In The Fisherman and His Wife, the Fisherman was ____ when his wife wished for one thing after another.A. tolerant but not pleasedB. bewildered but not madC. anguished but not rebelliousD. furious but not daring4.In Little Match Girl, when her little hands were almost benumbed with cold, the little match girl ____.A. thought of the kindness of her grandmotherB. thought of the pleasant smell of the roast gooseC. went home but received a beating from her fatherD. rubbed the match against the wall and warmed her hands5.The title of the story A Day's Wait most probably means that the boy ____.A. had been waiting all day to dieB. had waited a whole day for his father to come backC. had been waiting all day to recover from his illnessD. had waited a whole day before the drugs took effect6.According to Bringing up Children,“upbringing”and “education”are ____.A. merely two different terms for the same processB. the same term for the different processes1C. two utterly different but closely related processes because children are involved in differentenvironmentsD. interdependent because both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities providedfor children's development7.The National Gallery in London overlooks ____.A. ParliamentB. Trafalgar SquareC. the National Gallery of British ArtD. the National Portrait Gallery8.According to How to Live like a Millionaire, most millionaires measure success by ____.A. incomeB. consumptionC. investment worth9.Based on the passage United Nations, which of the following statements is NOT true?____.A. The U.N. has the right to intervene in the member states' internal affairs.B. All the member states, big or small, have the same rights and obligations.C. The day that United Nations came into existence is United Nations Day.D. Armed forces should not be used except in protecting the common interest.10.According to Universities and Polytechnics,London University is similar to Oxford andCambridge in that ____.A. they all consist of many constituent collegesB. they were all founded in the 13th centuryC. students all live outside the campusD. they set up a different pattern of university life11.“Hitler knows that he will have to break us in this island or lose the war. If we can stand up tohim, all Europe may be free. But if we fail, then the whole world, including the United States, will sink into a Dark Age.”This quotation comes from the famous speech of ____ during the Second World War.A. Queen VictoriaB. George V.C. Lloyd GeorgeD. Winston Churchill12.The information from What Body Language Can Tell You That Words Cannot best supportswhich of the following statements?A. It is never too late to learn something new.B. Action speaks louder than words.C. Wisdom is born of experience.D. It is easier to preach than to practice.13.Through the examples given in Nonverbal Communication, the writer tries to tell us that ____.A. the nonverbal behavior of animals is instinctive, but it is not the case with humansB. animals have more elaborate nonverbal behavior than humans2C. nonverbal communication exists in both humans and animals naturallyD. humans might imitate each other's nonverbal behavior whereas animals' are entirely inborn14.The story The Girls in Their Summer Dresses deals with the subject of ____.A. the individual's lifestyle and outlookB. a person's imaginationC. the fashion of a certain periodD. the tradition of a society15.In The Constitution of the United States, ____is considered a great turning point in American history.A. the revolt against British ruleB. the Constitutional ConventionC. the establishment of legislature in each colonyD. the aid of France through independence16.In Lady in the Dark, which of the following words best describes Mrs. Courtenay's behavior inthe face of danger?A. Irritable.B. Scared.C. Calm.D. Watchful.17.According to Helen Keller in Three Days to See,which of the following statements is NOTtrue?A. Darkness would make people more appreciative of sight.B. Silence would teach people the joys of sound.C. It would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow.D. Court records reveal every day how accurately “eyewitnesses”see.18.At the end of the story by Jerome K. Jerome, getting up too early had been a ____to George.A. routineB. necessityC. warningD. pleasure19.According to some official records, the earliest Olympic Games took place ____.A. in the seventh century A.D.B. before 700 B.C.C. over three thousand years agoD. a thousand years ago20.Which of the following novels is NOT written by Charlotte Brontë ?A. Pride and PrejudiceB. The ProfessorC. Jane EyreD. ShirleyⅡ.READING COMPREHENSIONIn this part there are 4 reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best answer or the best choice to complete the statement and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points, 2 points each)3Passage 1There are two basic differences between the large and the small enterprises. In the small enterprise you operate primarily through personal contacts. In the large enterprise you have established “policies,”“channels”of organization, and fairly rigid procedures. In the small enterprise you have, moreover, immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can see the effect of your work and of your decisions right away, once you are a little above the ground floor. In the large enterprise even the man at the top is only part of a big machine. To be sure, his actions affect a much greater area than the actions and decisions of the man in the small organization, but his effectiveness is remote, indirect, and difficult to see at first sight. In a small and even in a middle-sized business you are normally exposed to all kinds of experiences, and expected to do a great many things without too much help or guidance. In the large organization you are normally taught one thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is of becoming a jack-of-all-trades and master of none. In the large one it is of becoming the man who knows more and more about less and less.There is one other important thing to consider: do you get a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organization--General Motors, the Bell Telephone System, the government? Or is it more important to you to be a well-known and important figure within your own small pond? There is a basic difference between the satisfaction that comes from being a member of a large, powerful, and generally known organization, and the one that comes from being a member of a family; between impersonal grandeur and personal —often much too personal —intimacy; between life in a small office on the top floor of a skyscraper and life in a crossroads gas station.21.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that in a large enterprise ____.A. new technology is employed quicklyB. all people work efficientlyC. one's effectiveness is felt very slowlyD. one can get promotion easily22.Generally speaking, the person working in a large enterprise ____.A. has to deal with a great many thingsB. knows how everything is going on around himC. acquires increasingly thorough knowledge within a limited fieldD. feels more secure than the one employed by a small enterprise23.In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “your own small pond”to refer to ____.A. a top leader in a larger enterpriseB. a manager of a small enterpriseC. a large enterpriseD. a small enterprise424.According to the information provided in the passage, if you are interested in personal intimacy, you should work ____.A. for General MotorsB. for the Bell Telephone SystemC. in a department in the governmentD. in a crossroads gas station25.The writer of this passage ____.A. compares the large and the small enterprises objectivelyB. obviously prefers to work for a large enterpriseC. intends to show the advantages of working in a small businessD. explains the disadvantages of being a top leader in a large businessPassage 2In the old days, when a glimpse of stockings was looked upon as something far too shocking to distract the serious work of an office, secretaries were men.Then came the First World War and the male secretaries were replaced by women. A man's secretary became his personal servant ,charged with remembering his wife's birthday and buying her presents; taking his suits to dry-cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to keep people he did not wish to speak to at bay; and of course, typing and filing and taking shorthand.Now all this may be changing again .The microchip (集成块) and high technology is sweeping the British office, taking with it much better of the routine clerical work that secretaries did.“Once office technology takes over generally, the status of the job will rise again because it will involve only the high-powered work—and then men will want to do it again.”That was said by one of the executives(male) of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country.What he has predicted is already under way in the U.S.Once high technology has made the job of secretary less routine, will there be a male takeover? Men should beware of thinking that they can walk right into better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as they—not just because they can buy negligees(妇女长睡衣) for the boss's wife, but because they are as efficient and well-trained to cope with word processors and computers as men.26.Before 1914 female secretaries were rare because they ______.A. were less efficient than menB. were not as serious as menC. liked stockings5D. would have disturbed other office workers27.Besides fulfilling other duties, a female secretary was expected to _____.A. be her boss's memoryB. clean her boss's clothesC. do what her boss asked her toD. telephone her boss's wife28.Secrtaries,until recently, had to do a lot of work now done by _____.A. machinesB. other staffC. servantsD. wives29.A secretary in the future will ______.A. be better paidB. have higher statusC. have less work to doD. have more work to do30.The writer believes that before long _____.A. both men and women will be qualified secretariesB. men will be better than machinesC. men will take over women's jobs as secretariesD. women will operate most office machinesPassage 3Clutter is the disease of American writing. We are a society strangling in unnecessary words, circular constructions, pompous frills and meaningless jargon.Who really knows what the average businessman is trying to say in the average business letter? What member of an insurance or medical plan can decipher the brochure that tells him what his costs and benefits are? What father or mother can put together a child's toy—on Christmas Eve or any other eve—from the instructions on the box? Our national tendency is to inflate and thereby sound important. The airline pilot who wakes us to announce that he is presently anticipating experiencing considerable weather wouldn't dream of saying that there's a storm ahead and it may get bumpy. The sentence is too simple—there must be something wrong with it.But the secret of good writing is to strip every sentence to its cleanest components. Every word that serves no function, every long word that could be a short word, every adverb winch carries the same meaning that is already in the verb, every passive construction that leaves the reader unsure of who is doing what—these are the thousand and one adulterants (赘词)that weaken the strength of a sentence. And they usually occur, ironically, in proportion to education and rank.During the late 1960's the president of Princeton University wrote a letter to mollify the alumni6after a spell of campus unrest. “You are probably aware,”he began,“that we have been experiencing very considerable potentially explosive expressions of dissatisfaction on issues only partially related.”He meant that the students had been hassling them about different things. As an alumnus I was far more upset by the president's syntax than by the students' potentially explosive expression of dissatisfaction. I would have preferred the presidential approach taken by Franklin D. Roosevelt when he tried to convert into English his own government's memos, such as this blackout order of 1942:Such preparations shall be made as will completely obscure all Federal buildings and non-Federal buildings occupied by the Federal government during an air raid for any period of time from visibility by reasons of internal or external illumination.“Tell them,”Roosevelt said,“that in buildings where they have to keep the work going to put something across the windows.”31.What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A. To show the intellectual level of most Americans.B. To criticize wordy writing.C. To inform readers of the American writing style.D. To describe the best way of communication.32.The reason why the author quotes Roosevelt is to ____.A. provide evidence for the government documentB. reveal the hidden power of wordsC. give an example of the authority's role during the crisisD. show how simply the blackout order could have been stated33.According to the passage, the airline pilot avoids using the word“storm”because the word____.A. may frighten the passengersB. is ambiguousC. is too ordinary.D. sounds important34.The author gives the example of the president of Princeton in order to show that____.A. educated people usually communicate clearlyB. educated people tend to act like leadersC. simplicity is something easily forgotten by leaders or educated peopleD. simplicity is not suitable for the style of leaders or educated people35.Which of the following words is NOT negatively slanted?A. ClutterB. JargonC. DecipherD. BrochurePassage 47When I first considered becoming a college professor, tenure was not an attraction or even an issue. I was drawn to the profession by the work and the environment. Even after earning a Ph.D., spending time working in Washington D.C., and finally getting my first teaching job in public administration, I was not particularly concerned with tenure. I now work at a regional institution that requires an attainable balance between teaching, research, and service. I have always been a hard worker and see no reason to stop.But my vision of tenure has changed, I do not want to always by the same kind of professor I am now. Now, I am working on articles, course preparations, learning the details of the curriculum so I can advise students, and building institutional knowledge by serving on university committees. Today, my productivity is high and I focus on “collecting beans,”tomorrow, I would like to focus on quality.Whether tenure can give me the opportunity to focus on quality is questionable, but the idea of longevity is a concept that seems to have broad acceptance in most professions. My friends who became lawyers and accountants spend their time talking about becoming partners; medical doctors talk about establishing a practice; civil servants are protected by the merit system. The professionals in these fields serve a probationary period(试用期) and demonstrate competence to attain a certain level of freedom in their fields. After that, we expect that their professionalism can be used to serve society.Are college professors and universities different from lawyers, law firms, and the American Bar Association or doctors, practices, and the American Medical Association? The answer is both yes and no. Rarely does one hear about a professor being brought to court for malpractice. Still, the college professors I know work long hours, serve arduous, poorly-paid probationary periods, are dedicated to their students and their fields and do not want to work in another profession after they have arrived in this one. Thus tenure is often seen as the reward for years of struggle. Tenure, therefore, has become something important to me, specifically as a way to become firmly established in my profession.36.What does “tenure”probably mean in the passage?A. The reward to a lawyer or an accountant for his or her hard work.B. The right to keep one's job at a university until retirement.C. The chance of being promoted to a higher administrative position.D. The possibility of establishing one's own practice after a probationary period.37.By “I do not want to always be the same kind of professor I am now,”the author means that______.A. he is thinking of leaving his present jobB. he does not really enjoy writing articles or preparing for courses8C. he wants to do something more important and worthwhileD. he does not like the teaching environment any more38.In the second paragraph, “collecting beans”is nearest in meaning to ______.A.“making significant contributions”B.“making small achievements”C.“enjoying the rewards of hard work”D.“gaining greater professional competence”39.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. The writer is not sure that tenure would let him focus on quality.B. Young lawyers look forward to sharing the ownership of the firm they work for.C. College professors have small salaries until their probationary period is over.D. College professors may consider working in some other professions if they are not properlyrewarded.40.The writer mentions lawyers and accountants in order to ______.A. explain why he chose teaching as his careerB. illustrate how other professionals view their workC. prove that professors and other professionals have the same idea about qualityD. show that college professors' expectation of job security is reasonableⅢ.SKIMMING AND SCANNINGIn this part there are 3 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Skim or scan the passages, then decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point each)Passage 1Nurse Kettle took the river path. Dusk had fallen over the valley and as she descended into it her own footfall sounded unnaturally loud on the firm turf. Thump, Thump, Thump, she went, down the hillside. Were those only her footsteps? She stopped dead, tilted her head and listened. Only occasional rural sounds disturbed the quiet of nightfall. She could actually hear the cool voice of the stream.She did not cross Harper's Bridge but followed a rough path along the right bank of the river, past a group of alders and another of willows, this second group, extending in a sickle-shaped mass from the water's edge into Harper's Meadow, rose up in the dusk. She could smell willow leaves and wet soil. As sometimes happens when we are solitary, she had the sensation of being observed but she was not a fanciful woman and soon dismissed the feeling.“It's turned much cooler,”she thought.9A cry of mourning, intolerably loud, rose from beyond the willows and hung on the night air. A brown bird whirred out of the thicket close to her face and the cry broke and moved again gently in several different directions. It was the howl of a dog. She pushed through the thicket into a clearing by the river and found the body of Colonel Carter with his dog Skip bedside him, mourning him.41.Why did Nurse Kettle suddenly stop?A. She thought she was dying.B. She wondered if she was alone.C. She wanted to hear the sound of the stream.D. She thought she heard a voice.42.Which direction did Nurse Kettle take when she reached Harper’s Bridge?A. She crossed it and continued along the right bank.B. She didn't cross it and turned away from the trees.C. She followed a path through some tress.D. She followed a path by the river bank.43.What caused Nurse Kettle to feel that she was being watched?A. The strange shape in the mist.B. The damp smell of the wet earth.C. A sense of not being alone.D. A drop in the temperature.44.Where did Nurse Kettle discover the body of Colonel Carter?A. In some thick bushes.B. In the river with his dog.C. Among the willow trees.D. In an opening beyond the bushes.Passage 2The idea of “a chain of stores,”buying directly from the manufacturer in large quantities and selling in many different places throughout the country, had its beginning with Woolworth, Kress, Kresge, and others who followed them. They were the forerunners of the large retail chain and department stores. These men had the vision to see that the more the manufacturers produced, the greater would be the saving to the consumer.Frank Woolworth was born in the town of Rodman in New York State, in the year 1855. He had a poverty-stricken childhood, which meant hardly enough to eat, one pair of boots a year, and never a warm coat for the winter. Frank did not like farming. He dreamed of being a railroad engineer. Later, he changed his ambition and wanted to become a merchant.10When Frank Woolworth was a young man, apprenticeship was still in existence, particularly in the eastern part of the United States. A boy was taken into a business to learn a trade, or to learn how to conduct the business. He was considered to be worth very little to the owner during his learning period. Sometimes, the apprentice would be given his board and a room. The businessman felt that he was doing something worthwhile for the young man he took as an apprentice. He reasoned that it was like sending the young man to a school and paying his tuition.Woolworth managed to take a short commercial course which he knew he needed to become a merchant. At first, he was given a small wage of three dollars and fifty cents a week in the firm of Moore and Smith. After a while Woolworth came to the conclusion that while he was not a good salesman, he could trim the store and dress the windows to attract customers. In time, he worked up to six dollars a week. Another merchant offered him ten dollars a week and Woolworth decided that it was enough to marry on. Unfortunately, his new employer was not interested in having his windows dressed. And after a week or two of Woolworth's poor salesmanship, he reduced his wages to eight dollars a week.With a wife to support now, Woolworth decided to try farming. He bought a farm on mortgage and he and his wife raised chickens. But in a short time farming bored him. Besides, Moorc and Smith asked him to return to his job. They found that they needed Woolworth as a window trimmer, to attract customers. When they offered him the job at ten dollars a week, Woolworth went back to working in the store.45.One thing that a store chain can do but an independent storekeeper cannot do is to ______.A. hold salesB. competeC. advertiseD. buy in large quantities46.Frank Woolworth had ability in ______.A. farmingB. salesmanshipC. dressing store windowsD. bargaining47.Woolworth's first ambition was to become ______.A. a farmerB. a railroad engineerC. a merchantD. a designerPassage 3More and more residences, businesses, and even government agencies are using telephone answering machines to take messages or give information or instructions. Sometimes these machines give confusing instructions, or play messages that are difficult to understand. If you make telephone calls, you need to be ready to respond if you get a recording.The most common machine is the type used in residences. If you call a home where there is a telephone answering machine in operation you will hear several rings and then a recorded message11that usually says something like this:“Hello. We can't come to the phone right now. If you want us to call you back, please leave your name and number after the beep.”Then you will hear a “beep,”which is a brief, high-pitched tone. After the beep, you can say who you are, whom you want to speak to, and what number the person should call to reach you, or you can leave a message. Some telephone answering machines record for only 20 or 30 seconds after the beep, so you must respond quickly.Some large businesses and government agencies are using telephone answering machines to provide information on topics about which they receive a large volume of inquires. Using these systems requires you to have a touch-tone phone(a phone with buttons rather than a rotary dial). The voice on the machine will tell you to push a certain button on your telephone if you want information on Topic A, another button for Topic B, and so on. You listen until you hear the topic you want to learn about, and then you push the appropriate button. After making your selection, you will hear a recorded message on the topic.48.In the passage, the writer elaborates on ______.A. the problems of telephone answering machinesB. the beep of the telephone answering machinesC. touch-tone phonesD. how to use telephone answering machines49.“Beep”is a brief, high-pitched tone used ______.A. to urge the caller to speak more quicklyB. to urge the caller to respond quicklyC. as a signal to remind the caller of the time leftD. as a signal to remind the caller that he may leave a message50.Which of the following would be the best title of this passage?A. Directions of Telephone Answering MachinesB. Advantages of Telephone Answering MachinesC. Know-how of Telephone Answering MachinesD. Problems of Telephone Answering MachinesPART TWO (30 POINTS)Ⅳ.WORD FORMATIONSComplete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the brackets. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point each)51.(short) The drop in the birth rate 20 years ago has created a severe ______ of workers.52.(strong) Fresh evidence has greatly ______ the case against him.53.(grow) The US portion of the Internet is experiencing rapid ______ in the number ofnetworks connected to it.54.(courage) I want to thank everyone who has ______ and supported me.1255.(increase) As resources become______ scarce, choices have to be made and priorities set.56.(memory) They listen to stories, ______ nursery rhymes, read picture books and gain otherexperiences that prepare them to read.57.(fortunate) I would have been here an hour ago. but ______ I missed the train.58.(accept) Smoking is no longer considered socially ______ by many people.59.(addition) They appeared to be checking only if there were any ______ persons in it.60.(approve) We need parental ______ before allowing students to go on field trips.Ⅴ.ANSWER THE QUESTIONSThere are 4 groups of simple questions in this part, which are based on the texts you have learned. Give a brief answer to each of the questions. Your answers must be to the point and grammatically correct. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 5 points each)61.Who are the lovers in the selection from The Decameron? What are they like? What happens tothem?(from The Decameron) 62.What is the king's semibarbaric method of administering justice in The Lady or the Tiger?What difficulty does the princess face in the case of her lover?(from The Lady or the Tiger) 63.What animals are mentioned in The Animals of Aesop? What is the moral of each of the fables?(from The Animals of Aesop) 64.According to The Story of the Bible, how were Adam and Eve created? Why were they drivenout of Paradise?(from The Story of the Bible)13。
自考2022年4月全国自主考试综合英语(一)真题及答案
自考2022年4月全国自主考试综合英语(一)真题及答案World War Ⅱ was in full swing when I attended high school in 1944. A special program allowed students to leave school in April-two months early-if they were willing to join the army. This sounded like a good （51 ）. so two friends and I joined the Marine Corps.I’d been（52 ）with my high school sweetheart, Alice, for four years （53 ）then. We knew we would marry after the war ended, so we （54 ）to tie the knot in May 1944 before I left（55 ）duty instead. We had a small ceremony in the minister’s lounge,（56 ）was witnessed by Alice’s cousin and one of my friends. Being high school kids, we didn’t have the money for a big （57 ）wedding, but I’ve always regretted that my bride didn’t get the chance to walk in the church.Not（58 ）after we were married, the Marines called me up for active duty. After I （59 ）about two years in the Pacific, the war ended. I returned borne in June 1946 and found（60 ）. Alice and I bought a house in Cincinnati and raised our family of three children together.（51）52.[案例题] (52)53.[案例题] (53)55.[案例题] (55)56.[案例题] (56)57.[案例题] (57)58.[案例题] (58)59.[案例题] (59)60.[案例题] (60)61.[案例题] B. 根据课文的内容在每个空白处填入一个恰当的词。
4月自考《英语一》阅读试题及答案
4月自考《英语一》阅读试题及答案4月自考《英语一》阅读试题及答案一、阅读判断(第1～10题，每题1分，共10分。
下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
)The Truth about Left-Handed PeopleAbout 90% ofpeople in the world today are right-handed.The other 10% areleft-handed,including Obama,the President of the US.Every day,left-handed folksquietly face problems.It could be something as simple as driving a car or usinga can opener.Why are sofew of us left-handed?One theory is that handedness (hand preference) could bea result of genetics.Scientists say that there are two genes (基因) associated with handedness.Oneis the D gene.It is more frequent in the population and promotes (促成) right-hand preference.The otheris the C gene.It has the ability to promote a preference for either hand.Whenthe C gene is present,there is a 50% chance that a person could be right- orleft-handed.Anothertheory has to do with human brains,which are made up of two halves.If the lefthalf is more powerful,then one is most likely right-handed.But withleft-handers,it is more complicated.Seventy percent of them are also left-braindominant (占优势的).Theother 30% have right-side dominant brains.During the18th and 19th centuries,left-handedness was considered a disability.But not allof the myths about left-handers are bad.One myth suggests that they are morecreative and smarter than the right-handers.So far scientific research has yetto find any truth to these claims.In fact,a 2013 survey out ofNewZealandfound that left-handers and right-handers were the same.Life mightbe a little more complicated for left-handers when it comes to cutting a pieceof paper or opening a bottle of wine.However,it seems to be a good sign if youare trying to make it to the White House.第1题The right-handers are nine times as many asthe left-handers.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】第一段前两句话表明，世界上大约有90%的人是右撇子，而另外10%的人则是左撇子，包括美国总统欧巴马。
英语阅读一自考试题及答案
英语阅读一自考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
AThe Internet is changing the way we live and work. It has become an essential tool for many people. With the Internet, we can do many things that were once difficult or impossible. For example, we can now shop online, work from home, and even take classes remotely. The Internet has also made communication easier and faster. We can now send emails, make video calls, and use social media to stay in touch with friends and family. However, the Internet also has its downsides. It can be a source of misinformation and cybercrime. It is important to use the Internet responsibly and be aware of its potential risks.问题：1. What is the main advantage of using the Internet mentioned in the passage?2. What can we do with the Internet that was once difficult or impossible?3. What are some of the potential risks associated with the Internet?4. Why is it important to use the Internet responsibly?答案：1. The main advantage of using the Internet mentioned in the passage is that it has become an essential tool for many people, making communication easier and faster.2. With the Internet, we can now shop online, work from home, and take classes remotely.3. Some of the potential risks associated with the Internet include misinformation and cybercrime.4. It is important to use the Internet responsibly because it can be a source of misinformation and cybercrime, and being aware of its potential risks can help mitigate these issues.BJohn and Mary are brother and sister. They both love to play in the park. One day, they decided to have a race to see who could run faster. John, being the older and stronger of the two, won the race easily. Mary was not happy with the result and decided to practice every day to become faster. After a month of hard work, she challenged John to another race. This time, she won by a small margin. John was surprised but happy for his sister. He realized that with determination and hard work, anyone can improve.问题：5. Who won the first race between John and Mary?6. Why was Mary unhappy after the first race?7. What did Mary do to improve her running speed?8. What lesson did John learn from the second race?答案：5. John won the first race between John and Mary.6. Mary was unhappy after the first race because she lost toher brother.7. To improve her running speed, Mary practiced every day fora month.8. John learned that with determination and hard work, anyone can improve.二、完形填空（共15分，每题3分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
2023年4月自考00012英语(一)真题完整版(答案详询乐升学教育)
2023年4月自考00012英语（一）真题完整版（答案详询乐昇学教育）2023年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（一）试卷（课程代码00012）注意事项：1.本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
2.考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。
3.必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。
第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Courtroom PioneerConstance B.Motley was born on September 14，1921 in Conneuticut.She was the ninth in a family of twelve children.She was a good student And when she was a teenager，she decided to become a lawyer.However，her family did not have enough money to send her to college.When she was eighteen，something happened that changed her life.One night she attended a meeting at a center for the black community.She gave a speech.She said that blacks should play a larger part in running the center.Clarence W.Blakeslee，a rich philanthropis（慈善家），was impressed by her speech.As a result，he offered to pay for her education.This helped her to reach her goal of becoming a lawyer.She first attended Fisk University in Tennessee.Then she went to New York University and received a college degree in 1943.She studied law at Columbia University Law School and received a law degree in 1946.After she finished law school，she became a civil rights lawyer.After almost 20 years as a lawyer，she entered politios. In 1964，she became a New York state senator（参议员）.She was the first black woman to hold this office.In 1965.she became the first woman to be president of Manhattan im New York City.Her work came to the attention of President Lyndon Johnson.In 1966, the Pesident named her a federal judge.She was the first black woman to serve as a judge in the US District Court.Since joining the court，she has continued to be interested in the rights of all people.1、Constance came from a large family.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given2.Becoming a politician was young Constance's dream.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given3.Constance regularly gave speeches in her community.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given4.Clarence offered to support her education，but Constance refused.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given5.Constance got a law degree from New York University in 1946.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given6.Before 1964，there was no black woman serving as a New York state senator.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given7.Constance was married to a lawyer.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given8.Constance once served as president of Manhattan in New York City.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given9.President Johnson named Constance a federal judge.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given10.After 1966，Constance began to take interest in the rights of all people.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第11-15 题，每题2分，共10 分。
2024年4月 英语自考试卷
2024年4月英语自考试卷第一部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确（True），错误（False），还是未提及（Not Given）。
The Internet has become an important part of our daily lives. It provides us with a vast amount of information, from news and entertainmentto educational resources. We can use it to communicate with people all over the world through email, social media platforms, and instant messaging apps.However, the Internet also has some negative aspects. One of the major problems is the spread of false information. Some people may post untrue news or rumors on the Internet, which can cause confusion and harm to the public. Another issue is privacy. When we use the Internet, our personal information may be at risk if we are not careful.1. The Internet only offers news and entertainment. (False)2. We can communicate globally via the Internet. (True)3. False information on the Internet never causes harm. (False)4. Our privacy is always protected when using the Internet. (False)5. The Internet has both positive and negative features. (True)第二部分：阅读选择（每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
2020年4月全国自考试题及答案解析综合英语(一)试卷及答案解析
全国2018 年 4 月历年自考试题综合英语（一）试卷课程代码：00794请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上I ．用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。
从 A 、 B 、C、 D 四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。
（本大题共20 小题，每小题 1 分，共20 分）1.It is said that the newly-built gymnasium is three miles from here.A. away farB. far awayC. farD. away2.I ____ my talk with Tony. Let ’ s go out for a walk.A. have finishedB. had finishedD. finishedC. finish3.I am for your proposal that the discussion about future plans .A. to be put offB. be put offC. should put offD. was put off4.You will see this product wherever you go in this city.A. advertiseB. to be advertisedC. advertisedD. advertising5.Jack often complains ___ able to communicate with his parents.A. of being notB. of not beingC. being notD. not being6.We expected many club members would come to the tea party, turned up.A. only a fewB. very fewC. but a fewD. but few7.The reason _____ the little boy died was lack of medical care.A. whyB. becauseC. forD. as8. _____ the drill is, it is very useful in improving your oral English.1A. Simple you considerB. You consider simpleC. Simple as youconsiderD. As simple youconsider9.Only when I got there __ how badly the crops had been damaged.A. did I realizeB. I realizedC. then I realizedD. then did I realize10. _____ t hat this small town was exposed to various kinds of dangers.A. In 2003B. The year of 2003C. It was 2003D. It was in 200311.Smoking hurts not only the smokers, but also the people around them second-handsmoke.A. becauseB. because ofC. asD. as of12.To her disappointment, her best friend did not at her birthday party.A. turn overB. turn aroundC. turn upD. turn in13.How I wish I could bring _ my children in an environment close to nature!A. aboutB. inC. outD. up14.When the fever eventually __ , he is likely to feel tired and weak for a while.A. dies downB. dies outC. losesD. leaves15.She had to ____ after the first round because she sprained her wrist.A. run outB. drop outC. draw outD. come out16.It was Allen who ___ with the bright idea to have a barbecue near the lake.A. went upB. came alongC. went alongD. came up17.Humor is a most ____ , yet frequently neglected means of handling the difficult situations2in our lives.A. affirmativeB. affectionateC. efficientD. effective18.Hardly had he arrived at the airport he was told that the flight had been cancelled.A. thanB. whenC. beforeD. then19.The decision ____ how much money should go to education is of vital importance.A. due toB. owing toC. as toD. so as to20.I know she didn ’ t pass the qualifying exam, but really she is but stupid.A. anythingB. nothingC. somethingD. noneII ．认真阅读下面两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。
全国2022年4月高等教育自学考试00012《英语(一》试题(真题)
Ross is a public school teacher. She teaches a group of, mostly, seniors and she loves what she does.'
My job is great,'she said.'That is the only way to describe it.As teachers, we have the opportunity to completely change someone's life byproviding him or her with a good education.'
15、What can be inferred about Einstein from the passage?
A.He had many followers when he was in Switzerland.
B.He earned a Nobel Prize after World War II.
A.He was born in Munich, Germany.
B.He was a straight-A student at school.
C.He was asked to leave school.
D.He was interested in science subjects.
12、In which country did Einstein develop many of his theories?
1、Ross believes that good education can change a person's life.
全国英语阅读一自考试题及答案解析.doc
⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考试资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯全国 2019 年 4 月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（一）试题课程代码： 00595PART ONE（70 POINTS）I.TEXT COMPREHENSIONThe following comprehension questions are based on the texts you have learned, and eachof them is provided with 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer to each question and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 1 pointeach)1.In Gifts of the Magi , the two possessions Mr. and Mrs. Young took great pride in are ().A ． Jim ’ s watch and Della’ s hairB ． Jim ’ s watch and Dell’ s combsC． Della ’ s combs and Jim’-chainswatchD ． Della ’ s hair and Jim’-chainswatch2.In No Marriage, No Apologies,Mrs. Frishberg said, “ I ’ m not against the institution of marriage. We just never get around to it. ”The underlined sentence means.A ． we never have the courage to face the problem directlyB ． we never go so far as to consider the matterC． we never overcome the obstacles of marriageD ． we never finish discussing the problem with each other3.Lisabetta’ hersbrotdecided to put an end to her secret love affair by killing Lorenzo because they.A ． thought that he would snatch their beautiful sister away from themB ． considered the secret love affair a shame to the familyC． worried that Lorenzo would inherit the family fortuneD ． looked upon Lorenzo as inferior to them in social rank4.The Wife of Bath intends to show with her tale that.A ． men should be obedient to their wivesB ． knights should be loyal to the King and the QueenC． women should be obedient to their husbandsD ． husbands should be young and loving5.In Mark Twain The’sCelebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County , Simon Wheeler is.A ． a good-natured and extremely talkative old manB ． fond of making fun of people with his long talesC． most curious about betting and dog fightD ． a well-trained frog and the best jumper in Calaveras County16.According to The value of Education , our purpose of educating children is to.A ． choose a proper system of educationB ． educate them only for the aim of educating themC． accustom them to varied lifeD ． make them intelligent citizens7.The child in A Day ’sWait kept tight control over himself throughout the day because he.A ． was afraid that he would die if he lost control over himselfB ． thought he was going to die and he must show courage in the face of deathC． wanted to recover quickly so that he could go hunting with his fatherD ． did not want to be a bother to and a burden on others8.Rip Van Winkle is taken from The Sketch Book, a collection of essays, sketches, and tales written by.A ． Benjamin Franklin B． Thomas PaineC． Washington Irving D． O.Henry9.According to the passage English World-wide , many Third World people oppose the use of English in their countries because.A ． they consider it a form of cultural imperialismB ． the English language has produced racismC． other languages are easier to learnD ． they are against modernization in general10.Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, summed up the four chief qualities of money some 2,000years ago as being durable, distinct,and portable.A ． divisible B． definiteC． deficient D． decisive11.In New Applications , the illegal plan first came to Miriam when she discovered by accidentthat.A ． Al Cropin’ s grand scheme was not practic lB ． the home-type computer improved the market conditionsC． the latest version of home-type computers was actually compatible with the one in heroffice D ． everyone could use the terms to refer to the computer and its application software12.According to The Story of the Bible , Noah ’ s drunkenness and behavior most probably reflectthat.A ． people easily forgot their past mistakesB ． people tended to enjoy a peaceful lifeC． Noah wanted to escape from his lonelinessD ． Noah lacked the companionship of his children13.The Statue of Liberty reminds people of all the following EXCEPT.A ． American democracy2B ． friendship between America and FranceC． the support of FranceD ． the journey of pilgrims14.According to the information in Gateway to the USA, New York City was a bitter disillusionment tosome immigrants in that.A ． it turned out to be a wretched placeB ． there was no gold in the cityC． the competition was severe in the cityD ． there was the language problem15.It can be concluded from the story The Perfect Match that.A ． computers can be used to make every decision in people’ s livesB ． natural interactions are essential for human beingsC． marriage brings unexpected changes in people’ s livesD ． people tend to hide their true feeling before marriage16.From about the 5th century through the 15th century, Latin was regarded as all of the followingEXCEPT.A ． the most suitable language in the worldB ． the second language of educated people in EuropeC． a subject taught in schools and in collegesD ． the language of the church17.In style, the story True Love is.A ． a real love story B． an autobiographyC． a journalistic report D． a satirical fantasy18.In Bricks from the Tower of the Babel, the writer Jessica Davidson provides a detailedexplanation for.A ． the construction of the towerB ． the structure and sound system of EsperantoC． internationalization of some natural languagesD ． the Indo-European language family19.According to The Merchant of Venice , all the following words can be used to describe PortiaEXCEPT.A ． wiseB ．courageousC． merciful D． cautious20.Hollywood became an ideal site for shooting motion pictures chiefly because.A ． most of the glamorous movie stars lived thereB ． famous film corporations operated thereC． the climate there was sunny and mildD ． the studio chiefs liked it very much3II.READING COMPREHENSIONIn this part there are 4 reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decideon the best answer or the best choice to complete the statement and write the correspondingletter on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1When you ’ re negotiating with someone, listen for the messages that he or shemight be sending toyou. For example, the word“ difficult” does not mean the same as impossible. Imagine you’ re staying in a hotel, and you want to change your room. The manager“ That’wouldsanswerb of,very difficult, sir ”,does not mean that he is saying“ no.” It just means that he wants to knowwhat you are prepared to offer him in return for the change of room.If you are buying a new car, and want to pay less than the price being asked, then the salesmancomment, “ I ’ m sorry, but we never negotiateon the price”, means that they do negotiate on otherthings, like the delivery time, or the “ extra” that might be available as part of the purchase. In thesame car showroom, if the salesman says, “ Sorry, I can ’ t negotiate prices”,then yourresponse should be to ask who can. The message the salesman is sending suggests that his boss isthe one you need to be talking to.In all of these situations, the message is never communicated in clear terms. In any negotiation,the two “ players” wish to get as much out of it as they can, of course. In the three examplesabove, the salesmen and the hotel manager are hoping that you will accept their price or conditions— but their “ messages” make it clear that there may be room for movement and compromise. Ina successful negotiation, the two sides move towards each other and reach agreement on conditionsthat satisfy both sides.21.The hotel manager’ s answer“That would be very difficult, sir” implies.A ． you can change the room if you find some excuseB ． someone else has paid more for the room under discussionC． the room is available if an extra sum of money is offeredD ． someone else has booked the room in return for more money22.When the salesmen tell you that they never negotiate on the price, you can.A ． negotiate the price with the managerB ． demand to see the one who canC． find out other possibilities in the purchaseD ． accept the price without any further negotiation23.This passage is intended for.A ． managers B． customers4C． salesmen D． scholars24.The passage tells us how to.A ． send massages in a negotiationB ． become a successful salesmanC． profit from business transactionsD ． receive messages in a negotiation25.It can be safely concluded from the passage that.A ． at least two players should be in the room for communicationB ． a lot can be inferred from what is actually stated in a negotiationC． you should never communicate your ideas in clear termsD ． you should play the roles of a salesman and manager in a negotiationPassage 2Following football hero O.J.Simpson’ s arrest in June 1994 for the murder-wifeofhisandex oneof her friends, Newsweek and Time magazines ran the same police mug shot of Simpson on their covers. Newweek’s version was a straight reproduction. Time electronically manipulated the phototo darken it and achieve a gloomy and threatening look that emphasized Simpson ’unshaven cheeks and African-American skin color. The alteration offended many readers and raised an increasingly familiar question: In an age of computer-controlled images, can anyone still trust a photograph?Altering a digitized image( 数码技术相片), as Time did for its cover, has been one of the fastest-growing, most far-reaching, and most controversial(有争议的) techniques in contemporary photography. With this method a photograph is scanned(扫描), digitized (converted into a set of numeric values), and entered into a computer from which the operator can control the image almost in any way imaginable: add, delete, or change the position of visual elements; modify tones and colors; create montages; combine photographs; and even create entirely imaginary scenes. The digitized image can be stored in a data base, output as a print( 底片 ) or transparency( 透明胶片 ), or converted for video-screen display.Electronic image manipulation arrived in force in the 1980s with a new type of computers that cost on the order of $500,000 or more and occupied and entire room. More compact and far less expensive desktop systems soon appeared, capable of, at least, limited image control and available at chain-store prices.The ever-rising flood of digitized visual information may not, as some critics fear, fatally destroythe certainty of photographic evidence. Yet many observers agree that both suppliers and consumers of photographic information must exercise greater care than before to tell fact from falsehood in the images they use.526.Which of the following magazines was accused of distorting the murderer ’photographs by many readers?A ． Time.B． Newsweek.C． Washington Post.D． Not mentioned in the passage27.Nowadays, electronic image alterations are.A ． unbearably expensiveB ． more expensive in the StatesC． only available in chain storesD ． far less expensive than before28.The digitized alteration technique is.A ． developing with great careB ． very capable and developing rapidlyC． strongly criticized due to its easy accessD ． fatal in destroying the certainty of photographic evidence29.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A ． With digitized alteration techniques, a photograph may be scanned, digitized and altered.B ． With digitized alteration techniques, the digitized images can be stored in a data base or transformed for video-screen display.C．With digitized alteration techniques, both suppliers and consumers of photographicinformation are able to tell fact from falsehood in the image they use.D ． With digitized alteration techniques, it is possible for the computer operators to control the image almost in any conceivable way.30.W hat is the author’ s attitude toward the technique of digitized image manipulation?A ． Critical.B． Objective.C． Indifferent.D． Supportive.Passage 3The importance of symbols as a source of cultural diversity can be seen in the dress codes and hairstyles of different societies. In most situations, the symbolism of clothing and hairstyles communicates different messages ranging from political beliefs to identification with specific ethnic or religious groups. The tartan( 格子呢 ) of a Scottish clan, the black leather jacket and long hair of a motorcycle gang member in the United States, and the veil of an Islamic woman in Saudi Arabia provide a symbolic vocabulary that creates cultural diversity.Many examples of clothing styles could be used to illustrate how symbols are used to produce cultural diversity. Consider, for instance, changing dress codes in the United States. During the 1960s, many young people wore jeans, sandals, and beads to symbolize their rebellion against6what they conceived as the conformist inclinations of American society. By the 1980s, many of the same people were wearing “ power suits” as they sought to advance up the corporate ladder.An example of how hairstyles can create meaningful symbolic codes can be seen in a group known as the Rastafarians(sometimes known as Rastas or Rastaman) of Jamaica. The majority of the people of Jamaica are of African descent. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, they were brought to Jamaica by European slave traders to work on plantations. The Rastafarians are a specific religious group within Jamaica who believe that Haile Selassie(1892-1975), the former emperor of Ethiopia, whose original name was Ras Tafari, was the black Messiah who appeared in the flesh for the redemption of all blacks exiled in the world of white oppression. Rastafarian religion fuses Old Testament teachings, Christian mysticism, and Afro-Jamaican religious beliefs. The Rastafarian movement originated as a consequence of harsh economic, political, and living conditions in the slums of Jamaica.In the 1950s, during the early phase of the Rastafarian movement, some male members began to grow their hair in “ locks ” or “ dreadlocks” to symbolize their religious and political commitments. This hairstyle became well known in Western society through reggae( 强节奏黑人音乐 ) music and Rasta musicians such as the late Bob Marley. Rastafarians derive the symbolism of the dreadlock hairstyle of the Rastafarians from the Bible. They view the unshaven man as the natural man and invoke Samson as one of the most important figures in the Bible. Dreadlocks also reflect a dominant symbol within the Rastafarian movement, the lion, which is associated with Haile Selassie, one of whose titles was the “ Conquering Lion of Judah( 犹大 ).” To simulate the spirit of the lion, some Rastas do not cut their hair, sometimes growing their locks 20 inches or more.Thus, to a great extent, culture consists of a network of symbolic codes that enhance values, beliefs, worldviews, and ideologies within a society, Humans go to a great length to create symbols that provide meaning for individuals and groups. These symbolic meanings are a powerful source of cultural diversity.31.What is the main idea of this selection?A ． Hairstyles and dress codes identify political beliefs in diverse societies.B ． The Rastafarian movement symbolized a religious and political commitment.C． Symbols provide meaning and a satisfaction of biological needs in society.D ．Hairstyles and dress codes can be important symbols of cultural diversity in different societies.32.The author uses the examples of the Scottish tartan, the motorcycle jacket, and the Islamic veilto show.A ． the political power of dress codes in different societies7B ． the diversity of clothing styles throughout the worldC． dress codes that symbolize different ethnic and religiousgroups D ． the resistance to change of culturally different groups33.The author suggests that the young people wearing jeans in the 1960s wore“ power suits” inthe 1980s because.A ． styles changedB ．the American government changedC． their attitudes and goals changed D． both outfits symbolized rebellion34.All of the following are true of the Rastafarians EXCEPT.A ． they believe that Emperor Haile Selassie was the blackMessiah B ． they are the original natives of JamaicaC． they are a religious group with political commitmentsD ． they formed as a result of harsh living conditions in Jamaica35.The Rastafarian movement began.A ． at the beginning of the nineteenth centuryB ． around the middle of the twentieth centuryC． before European slave traders arrivedD ． in the early eighteenth centuryPassage 4A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic(虐待狂的 ) impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seem to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are , I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do8⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考试资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmenattempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone withkisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has everbelieved that it was.36.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is .A ． repeated without variationB ．treated with respectC． adapted by the parent D． set in the present37.Fairy stories are a means by which children ’ s impulses. may beA ． beneficially channeledB ．given a destructive tendencyC． held back until maturity D． effectively suppressed38.According to the passage great fear can be stimulated in a child when the story is .A ． in a realistic settingB ．heard for the first timeC． repeated too often D． dramatically told39.The advantage claimed for repeating a fairy story to young children is that it.A ． makes them come to terms with their fearsB ． develops their power of memoryC． convinces them there is nothing to be afraid ofD ． encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs40.The author’ s mentioning of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that.A ． fairy stories are still being made upB ． there might be confusion about different kinds of truthC． people try to modernize old fairy storiesD ． there is more concern for children’ s fears nowadaysIII.SKIMMING AND SCANNINGIn this part there are 3 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are 4 answers marked A,B,C and D. Skim or scan the passages, thendecide on the best answer or the best choice to complete the statement and write thecorresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point each)Passage 1When we call someone a pig or a swine, we do not mean it as a compliment. But pigs do notdeserve to be used as a symbol for an insult. They are probably not as dirty as they are made out tobe. According to one pig keeper, swine are very clean when allowed to live in a clean environment.He feels pigs are usually dirty simply because their keepers don ’ t clean their pens. In any case, n one has proven that the pig that wallows in mud prefers that to a cool bath. Furthermore, pigs aresmarter than most wallows in mud prefers that to a cool bath. Furthermore, pigs are smarter than9⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考试资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯most people think. Many farmers, for example, have observed that pigs frequently undo complicated bolts on gates in search of adventure or romance. So the next time you call someone a pig, perhaps he or she ought to be someone you wish to praise.41.This passage deals with.A ． the reasons why pigs are dirtyB ． people ’ s wrong perceptions of pigsC． how to insult or compliment peopleD ． why people like to keep pigs42.One pig keeper feels that pigs will stay clean if they are.A ． given cool baths every dayB ． praised from time to timeC． kept in a clean environmentD ． allowed to seek adventure or romance43.The detail that pigs “ can undo complicated bolts on gates ” supports the opinion that.A ． pigs sometimes can be adventurousB ． pigs are generally misunderstood by peopleC． pigs are also mischievous and romanticD ． pigs are smarter than most people thinkPassage 2The large, gleaming refrigerator is the focal point of most American kitchens. It holds enough food to last many days. It is cold enough to preserve that food well. Its advantages are clear. But that big refrigerator has its drawbacks as well, although they are not usually recognized. First of all, the large refrigerator encourages the hoarding of food, obesity and other eating problems. Also, it hasdestroyed the pleasant custom, still common in Europe, of going to market each day. Picking outone ’ s fresh produce daily while chatting with friends and neighbors is no longer a part of our lives.In addition, people ’desire to buy huge amounts of groceries just a few times a month has encouraged the growth of supermarkets and destroyed local grocery stores. Another victim of thegi ant refrigerator has been small local farmers, who can ’compete against the mega-producers favored by the supermarkets.44.According to the passage, which of the following is regarded by the author as one of the victims of the “ giant refrigerator ”?A ． The supermarkets.B ．The local grocery stores.C． The American kitchens D． The mega-producers45.From this passage, you could infer that many Europeans .A ． are more economical shoppers than AmericansB ． are better cooksC． enjoy eating moreD ． don ’ taveh “ giant” refrigerators1046.The author’ s tone in this passage is mainly.A ． cheerfulB ．depressingC． critical D． optimistic47.The passage mainly deals with.A ． the advantages of shopping patterns in EuropeB ． disadvantages and advantages of large refrigeratorsC． fresh, healthy produce and daily meeting with friendsD ． wonderful modern kitchen appliancesPassage 3Urbanization and industrialization demanded new directions in education. Public education, once a dream, now becomes a reality. Education was forced to meet new social changes. American society was getting much more complex; literacy became more essential. Secondary education, which had been almost totally in the hands of private individuals up to the time of the Civil War, gradually became a public concern. By the early 1900s there were over 7000 high schools, totaling an enrollment of over 1 million. Technological changes demand more vocational training. Subjects such as bookkeeping, typing, agriculture, woodworking, and metalworking were introduced intothe curriculum. American education finally was becoming universal.Higher education also responded to the need for more and different education. The Morril Act of 1862 established state land grant colleges that taught agricultural methods and vocational subjects. While curriculums included a large number of required courses during the first two years of college, more elective subjects were added during the last two years. In 1876 Hopkins University instituted America ’first graduate school for a dvanced study. In general, American education began to respond to the complexities of the i ndustrial age and the need for a new focus in education.48.One factor, repeatedly emphasized in the passage, is that .A ． technological changes demanded more vocational trainingB ． teaching methods were also changingC． higher education also responded to the need for more different educationD ． education was forced to meet new social changes49.Literacy became more essential because .A ． American public education was far from enoughB ． American society was growing more complexC． the public was concerned about secondary educationD ． far fewer subjects were introduced into the school curriculum50.In the last paragraph of the passage, the word “instituted ” means .A ． set up B． provided11C． set forth D． preparedPART TWO(30 POINTS)IV .WORD FORMATIONSComplete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word given in thebrackets. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point each)51.(title) Being a member you to discounts on tickets.52.(essence) She has added a few characters and changed some names but this is atrue story.53.(advantage) She argued that social , such as lacking a good living condition or agood standard of education, are major causes of crime.54.(effect) She is not officially our boss, but she is in control of the office.55.(courage) It was of the young man to challenge the professor as to the potentialgenetic therapies.56.(supervise) Most health services are provided free of charge for low-income groups and atmoderate charges for others, through local and national agencies, under theof the Department of Health.57.(employ) Four out of five U.S.corporations with more than 500 now offereducational opportunities to workers, and many professional associations haveeducational programs for their members.58.(wide) The range of university courses available has tremendously in recentyears.59.(consider) The nature of Canadian households has changed over the pastquarter-century.60.(afford) Radio exposed a wider audience to country music while new, relativelyinexpensive recording technology made records available at prices. V.ANSWER THE QUESTIONSThere are 4 groups of simple questions in this part, which are based on the texts you have learned. Give a brief answer to each of the questions. Your answers must be to the pointand grammatically correct. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 5 points each)61.In The Necklace by de Maupassant, what did Mme. Loisel strongly wish for and how do youaccount for those wishes? What is the irony in the story?(From The Necklace) 62.Why did Smiley name his frog Daniel Webster? What did Smiley try to train him to do? Forwhat purpose did he train his frog?(From The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Cavaveras County ) 63.According to Bricks from the Tower of the Bable, what are the purpose, ideal features and12。
全国英语阅读一自考试题及答案解析.doc
全国英语阅读一自考试题及答案解析.doc精品自学考试资料推荐全国 2019 年 4 月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（一）试题课程代码： 00595PART ONE（70 POINTS）I.TEXT COMPREHENSIONThe following comprehension questions are based on the texts you have learned, and eachof them is provided with 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer to each question and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 1 point each)1.In Gifts of the Magi , the two possessions Mr. and Mrs. Young took great pride in are ().A ．Jim ’ s watch and Della’ s hairB ．Jim ’ s watch and Dell’ s combsC．Della ’ s combs and Jim’-chainswatchD ．Della ’ s hair and Jim’-chainswatch2.In No Marriage, No Apologies,Mrs. Frishberg said, “ I ’ m not against the institution of marriage. We just never get around to it. ”The underlined sentence means.A ． we never have the courage to face the problem directlyB ． we never go so far as to consider the matterC． we never overcome the obstacles of marriageD ． we never finish discussing the problem with each other3.Lisabetta’ hersbrotdecided to put an end to her secret love affair by killing Lorenzo because they.A ． thought that he would snatch their beautiful sister awayfrom themB ． considered the secret love affair a shame to the familyC． worried that Lorenzo would inherit the family fortuneD ． looked upon Lorenzo as inferior to them in social rank4.The Wife of Bath intends to show with her tale that.A ． men should be obedient to their wivesB ． knights should be loyal to the King and the QueenC． women should be obedient to their husbandsD ． husbands should be young and loving5.In Mark Twain The’sCelebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County , Simon Wheeler is.A ． a good-natured and extremely talkative old manB ． fond of making fun of people with his long talesC． most curious about betting and dog fightD ．a well-trained frog and the best jumper in Calaveras County16.According to The value of Education , our purpose of educating children is to.A ． choose a proper system of educationB ． educate them only for the aim of educating themC． accustom them to varied lifeD ． make them intelligent citizens7.The child in A Day ’sWait kept tight control over himself throughout the day because he.A ．was afraid that he would die if he lost control over himselfB ． thought he was going to die and he must show courage in the face of deathC． wanted to recover quickly so that he could go huntingwith his fatherD ． did not want to be a bother to and a burden on others8.Rip Van Winkle is taken from The Sketch Book, a collection of essays, sketches, and tales written by.A ． Benjamin Franklin B． Thomas PaineC． Washington Irving D． O.Henry9.According to the passage English World-wide , many Third World people oppose the use of English in their countries because.A ． they consider it a form of cultural imperialismB ． the English language has produced racismC． other languages are easier to learnD ． they are against modernization in general10.Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, summed up the four chief qualities of money some 2,000years ago as being durable, distinct,and portable.A ． divisible B． definiteC． deficient D． decisive11.In New Applications , the illegal plan first came to Miriam when she discovered by accidentthat.A ．Al Cropin’ s grand scheme was not practic lB ．the home-type computer improved the market conditionsC． the latest version of home-type computers was actually compatible with the one in heroffice D ．everyone could use the terms to refer to the computer and its application software12.According to The Story of the Bible , Noah ’ s drunkenness and behavior most probably reflectthat.A ． people easily forgot their past mistakesB ． people tended to enjoy a peaceful lifeC． Noah wanted to escape from his lonelinessD ． Noah lacked the companionship of his children13.The Statue of Liberty reminds people of all the following EXCEPT.A ． American democracy2B ． friendship between America and FranceC． the support of FranceD ． the journey of pilgrims14.According to the information in Gateway to the USA, New York City was a bitter disillusionment tosome immigrants in that.A ． it turned out to be a wretched placeB ． there was no gold in the cityC． the competition was severe in the cityD ． there was the language problem15.It can be concluded from the story The Perfect Match that.A ．computers can be used to make every decision in people’ s livesB ． natural interactions are essential for human beingsC．marriage brings unexpected changes in people’ s livesD ． people tend to hide their true feeling before marriage16.From about the 5th century through the 15th century, Latin was regarded as all of the followingEXCEPT.A ． the most suitable language in the worldB ． the second language of educated people in EuropeC． a subject taught in schools and in collegesD ． the language of the church17.In style, the story True Love is.A ． a real love story B． an autobiographyC． a journalistic report D． a satirical fantasy18.In Bricks from the Tower of the Babel, the writer Jessica Davidson provides a detailedexplanation for.A ． the construction of the towerB ． the structure and sound system of EsperantoC． internationalization of some natural languagesD ． the Indo-European language family19.According to The Merchant of Venice , all the following words can be used to describe PortiaEXCEPT.A ． wiseB ．courageousC． merciful D． cautious20.Hollywood became an ideal site for shooting motion pictures chiefly because.A ． most of the glamorous movie stars lived thereB ． famous film corporations operated thereC． the climate there was sunny and mildD ． the studio chiefs liked it very much3II.READING COMPREHENSIONIn this part there are 4 reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decideon the best answer or the best choice to complete the statement and write the correspondingletter on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1When you ’ re negotiating with someone, listen for the messages that he or shemight be sending toyou. For example, the word“ difficult” does not mean the same as impossible. Imagin e you’ re staying in a hotel, and you want to change your room. The manager“ That’wouldsanswerb of,very difficult, sir ”,does not mean that he is saying“ no.” It just means that he wants to knowwhat you are prepared to offer him in return for the change of room.If you are buying a new car, and want to pay less than the price being asked, then the salesmancomment, “ I ’ m sorry, but we never negotiateon the price”, means that they do negotiate on otherthings, like the delivery time, or the “ extra” that might be available as part of the purchase. In thesame car showroom, if the salesman says, “ Sorry, I can ’ t negotiate prices”,then yourresponse should be to ask who can. The message the salesman is sending suggests that his boss isthe one you need to be talking to.In all of these situations, the message is never communicated in clear terms. In any negotiation,the two “ players” wish to get as much out of it as they can, of course. In the three examplesabove, the salesmen and the hotel manager are hoping thatyou will accept their price or conditions—but their “ messages” make it clear that there may be room for movement and compromise. Ina successful negotiation, the two sides move towards each other and reach agreement on conditionsthat satisfy both sides.21.The hotel manager’ s answer“That would be very difficult, sir” implies.A ． you can change the room if you find some excuseB ．someone else has paid more for the room under discussionC． the room is available if an extra sum of money is offeredD ． someone else has booked the room in return for more money22.When the salesmen tell you that they never negotiate on the price, you can.A ． negotiate the price with the managerB ． demand to see the one who canC． find out other possibilities in the purchaseD ． accept the price without any further negotiation23.This passage is intended for.A ． managers B． customers4C． salesmen D． scholars24.The passage tells us how to.A ． send massages in a negotiationB ． become a successful salesmanC． profit from business transactionsD ． receive messages in a negotiation25.It can be safely concluded from the passage that.A ．at least two players should be in the room for communicationB ． a lot can be inferred from what is actually stated in a negotiationC． you should never communicate your ideas in clear termsD ． you should play the roles of a salesman and manager in a negotiationPassage 2Following football hero O.J.Simpson’ s arrest in June 1994 for the murder-wifeofhisandex oneof her friends, Newsweek and Time magazines ran the same police mug shot of Simpson on their covers. Newweek’s version was a straight reproduction. Time electronically manipulated the phototo darken it and achieve a gloomy and threatening look that emphasized Simpson ’unshaven cheeks and African-American skin color. The alteration offended many readers and raised an increasingly familiar question: In an age of computer-controlled images, can anyone still trust a photograph?Altering a digitized image( 数码技术相片), as Time did for its cover, has been one of the fastest-growing, most far-reaching, and most controversial(有争议的) techniques in contemporary photography. With this method a photograph is scanned(扫描), digitized (converted into a set of numeric values), and entered into a computer from which the operator can control the image almost in any way imaginable: add, delete, or change the position of visual elements; modify tones and colors; create montages; combine photographs; and even create entirely imaginary scenes. The digitized image can be stored in a data base, output as a print( 底片 ) or transparency( 透明胶片 ), or converted for video-screen display.Electronic image manipulation arrived in force in the 1980s with a new type of computers that cost on the order of $500,000 or more and occupied and entire room. More compact and far less expensive desktop systems soon appeared, capable of, at least, limited image control and available at chain-store prices.The ever-rising flood of digitized visual information may not, as some critics fear, fatally destroythe certainty of photographic evidence. Yet many observers agree that both suppliers and consumers of photographic information must exercise greater care than before to tell fact from falsehood in the images they use.526.Which of the following magazines was accused of distorting the murderer ’photographs by many readers?A ． Time.B． Newsweek.C． Washington Post.D． Not mentioned in the passage27.Nowadays, electronic image alterations are.A ． unbearably expensiveB ． more expensive in the StatesC． only available in chain storesD ． far less expensive than before28.The digitized alteration technique is.A ． developing with great careB ． very capable and developing rapidlyC． strongly criticized due to its easy accessD ．fatal in destroying the certainty of photographic evidence29.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A ． With digitized alteration techniques, a photograph may be scanned, digitized and altered.B ．With digitized alteration techniques, the digitized images can be stored in a data base or transformed for video-screen display.C．With digitized alteration techniques, both suppliers and consumers of photographicinformation are able to tell fact from falsehood in the image they use.D ． With digitized alteration techniques, it is possible for the computer operators to control the image almost in any conceivable way.30.W hat is the author’ s attitude toward the technique of digitized image manipulation?A ． Critical.B． Objective.C． Indifferent.D． Supportive.Passage 3The importance of symbols as a source of cultural diversity can be seen in the dress codes and hairstyles of different societies. In most situations, the symbolism of clothing and hairstyles communicates different messages ranging from political beliefs to identification with specific ethnic or religious groups. The tartan( 格子呢) of a Scottish clan, the black leather jacket and long hair of a motorcycle gang member in the United States, and the veil of an Islamic woman in Saudi Arabia provide a symbolic vocabulary that creates cultural diversity.Many examples of clothing styles could be used to illustrate how symbols are used to produce cultural diversity. Consider, for instance, changing dress codes in the United States. During the 1960s, many young people wore jeans, sandals, and beads tosymbolize their rebellion against6what they conceived as the conformist inclinations of American society. By the 1980s, many of the same people were wearing “ power suits” as they sought to advance up the corporate ladder.An example of how hairstyles can create meaningful symbolic codes can be seen in a group known as the Rastafarians(sometimes known as Rastas or Rastaman) of Jamaica. The majority of the people of Jamaica are of African descent. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, they were brought to Jamaica by European slave traders to work on plantations. The Rastafarians are a specific religious group within Jamaica who believe that Haile Selassie(1892-1975), the former emperor of Ethiopia, whose original name was Ras Tafari, was the black Messiah who appeared in the flesh for the redemption of all blacks exiled in the world of white oppression. Rastafarian religion fuses Old Testament teachings, Christian mysticism, and Afro-Jamaican religious beliefs. The Rastafarian movement originated as a consequence of harsh economic, political, and living conditions in the slums of Jamaica.In the 1950s, during the early phase of the Rastafarian movement, some male members began to grow their hair in “ locks ” or “ dreadlocks” to symbolize their religious and political commitments. This hairstyle became well known in Western society through reggae( 强节奏黑人音乐 ) music and Rasta musicians such as the late Bob Marley. Rastafarians derive the symbolism of the dreadlock hairstyle of the Rastafarians from the Bible. They view the unshaven man as the natural man and invoke Samson as one of the most importantfigures in the Bible. Dreadlocks also reflect a dominant symbol within the Rastafarian movement, the lion, which is associated with Haile Selassie, one of whose titles was the “ Conquering Lion of Judah( 犹大).” To si mulate the spirit of the lion, some Rastas do not cut their hair, sometimes growing their locks 20 inches or more.Thus, to a great extent, culture consists of a network of symbolic codes that enhance values, beliefs, worldviews, and ideologies within a society, Humans go to a great length to create symbols that provide meaning for individuals and groups. These symbolic meanings are a powerful source of cultural diversity.31.What is the main idea of this selection?A ．Hairstyles and dress codes identify political beliefs in diverse societies.B ． The Rastafarian movement symbolized a religious and political commitment.C． Symbols provide meaning and a satisfaction of biological needs in society.D ．Hairstyles and dress codes can be important symbols of cultural diversity in different societies.32.The author uses the examples of the Scottish tartan, the motorcycle jacket, and the Islamic veilto show.A ． the political power of dress codes in different societies7B ． the diversity of clothing styles throughout the worldC． dress codes that symbolize different ethnic and religious groups D ． the resistance to change of culturally different groups33.The author suggests that the young people wearing jeansin the 1960s w ore“ power suits” inthe 1980s because.A ． styles changedB ．the American government changedC．their attitudes and goals changed D．both outfits symbolized rebellion34.All of the following are true of the Rastafarians EXCEPT.A ． they believe that Emperor Haile Selassie was the blackMessiah B ． they are the original natives of JamaicaC． they are a religious group with political commitmentsD ．they formed as a result of harsh living conditions in Jamaica35.The Rastafarian movement began.A ． at the beginning of the nineteenth centuryB ． around the middle of the twentieth centuryC． before European slave traders arrivedD ． in the early eighteenth centuryPassage 4A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. T o prove the latter, one would have to show in controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive,sadistic(虐待狂的) impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seem to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are , I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do8精品自学考试资料推荐not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmenattempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone withkisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has everbelieved that it was.36.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is .A ． repeated without variationB ．treated with respectC． adapted by the parent D． set in the present37.Fairy stories are a means by which children ’ s impulses. may beA ． beneficially channeledB ．given a destructive tendencyC． held back until maturity D． effectively suppressed38.According to the passage great fear can be stimulated ina child when the story is .A ． in a realistic settingB ．heard for the first timeC． repeated too often D． dramatically told39.The advantage claimed for repeating a fairy story to young children is that it.A ． makes them come to terms with their fearsB ． develops their power of memoryC． convinces them there is nothing to be afraid ofD ． encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs40.The author’ s mentioning of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that.A ． fairy stories are still being made upB ． there might be confusion about different kinds of truthC． people try to modernize old fairy storiesD ．there is more concern for children’ s fears nowadaysIII.SKIMMING AND SCANNINGIn this part there are 3 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are 4 answers marked A,B,C and D. Skim or scan the passages, thendecide on the best answer or the best choice to complete the statement and write thecorresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1point each)Passage 1When we call someone a pig or a swine, we do not mean it as a compliment. But pigs do notdeserve to be used as a symbol for an insult. They are probably not as dirty as they are made out tobe. According to one pig keeper, swine are very clean when allowed to live in a clean environment.He feels pigs are usually dirty simply because their keepers don ’ t clean their pens. In any case, n one has proven that the pig that wallows in mud prefers that to a cool bath. Furthermore, pigs aresmarter than most wallows in mud prefers that to a cool bath. Furthermore, pigs are smarter than9most people think. Many farmers, for example, have observed that pigs frequently undo complicated bolts on gates in search of adventure or romance. So the next time you call someone a pig, perhaps he or she ought to be someone you wish to praise.41.This passage deals with.A ． the reasons why pigs are dirtyB ．people ’ s wrong perceptions of pigsC． how to insult or compliment peopleD ． why people like to keep pigs42.One pig keeper feels that pigs will stay clean if they are.A ． given cool baths every dayB ． praised from time to timeC． kept in a clean environmentD ． allowed to seek adventure or romance43.The detail that pigs “ can undo complicated bolts on gates ” supports the opinion that.A ． pigs sometimes can be adventurousB ． pigs are generally misunderstood by peopleC． pigs are also mischievous and romanticD ． pigs are smarter than most people thinkPassage 2The large, gleaming refrigerator is the focal point of most American kitchens. It holds enough food to last many days. It is cold enough to preserve that food well. Its advantages are clear. But that big refrigerator has its drawbacks as well, although they are not usually recognized. First of all, the large refrigerator encourages the hoarding of food, obesity and other eating problems. Also, it hasdestroyed the pleasant custom, still common in Europe, of going to market each day. Picking outone ’ s fresh produce daily while chatting with friends and neighbors is no longer a part of our lives.In addition, people ’desire to buy huge amounts of groceries just a few times a month has encouraged the growth of supermarkets and destroyed local grocery stores. Another victim of thegi ant refrigerator has been small local farmers, who can ’compete against the mega-producers favored by the supermarkets.44.According to the passage, which of the following is regarded by the author as one of th e victims of the “ giant refrigerator ”?A ． The supermarkets.B ．The local grocery stores.C． The American kitchens D． The mega-producers45.From this passage, you could infer that many Europeans .A ． are more economical shoppers than AmericansB ． are better cooksC． enjoy eating moreD ．don ’ taveh “ giant” refrigerators1046.The author’ s tone in this passage is mainly.A ． cheerfulB ．depressingC． critical D． optimistic47.The passage mainly deals with.A ． the advantages of shopping patterns in EuropeB ． disadvantages and advantages of large refrigeratorsC． fresh, healthy produce and daily meeting with friendsD ． wonderful modern kitchen appliancesPassage 3Urbanization and industrialization demanded new directions in education. Public education, once a dream, now becomes a reality. Education was forced to meet new social changes. American society was getting much more complex; literacy became more essential. Secondary education, which had been almost totally in the hands of private individuals up to the time of the Civil War, gradually became a public concern. By the early 1900s there were over 7000 high schools, totaling an enrollment of over 1 million. Technological changes demand more vocational training. Subjects such as bookkeeping, typing, agriculture, woodworking, and metalworking were introduced intothe curriculum. American education finally was becominguniversal.Higher education also responded to the need for more and different education. The Morril Act of 1862 established state land grant colleges that taught agricultural methods and vocational subjects. While curriculums included a large number of required courses during the first two years of college, more elective subjects were added during the last two years. In 1876 Hopkins Unive rsity instituted America ’first graduate school for a dvanced study. In general, American education began to respond to the complexities of the i ndustrial age and the need for a new focus in education.48.One factor, repeatedly emphasized in the passage, is that .A ．technological changes demanded more vocational trainingB ． teaching methods were also changingC． higher education also responded to the need for more different educationD ． education was forced to meet new social changes49.Literacy became more essential because .A ． American public education was far from enoughB ． American society was growing more complexC． the public was concerned about secondary educationD ．far fewer subjects were introduced into the school curriculum50.In the last paragraph of the passage, the word “instituted ” means .A ． set up B． provided11C． set forth D． preparedPART TWO(30 POINTS)IV .WORD FORMATIONSComplete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word given in thebrackets. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point each)51.(title) Being a member you to discounts on tickets.52.(essence) She has added a few characters and changed some names but this is atrue story.53.(advantage) She argued that social , such as lacking a good living condition or agood standard of education, are major causes of crime.54.(effect) She is not officially our boss, but she is in control of the office.55.(courage) It was of the young man to challenge the professor as to the potentialgenetic therapies.56.(supervise) Most health services are provided free of charge for low-income groups and atmoderate charges for others, through local and national agencies, under theof the Department of Health.57.(employ) Four out of five U.S.corporations with more than 500 now offereducational opportunities to workers, and many professional associations haveeducational programs for their members.58.(wide) The range of university courses available has tremendously in recentyears.59.(consider) The nature of Canadian households has changed over the pastquarter-century.60.(afford) Radio exposed a wider audience to country music while new, relativelyinexpensive recording technology made records available at prices. V.ANSWER THE QUESTIONSThere are 4 groups of simple questions in this part, which are based on the texts you have learned. Give a brief answer to each of the questions. Your answers must be to the pointand grammatically correct. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 5 points each)61.In The Necklace by de Maupassant, what did Mme. Loisel strongly wish for and how do youaccount for those wishes? What is the irony in the story?(From The Necklace) 62.Why did Smiley name his frog Daniel Webster? What did Smiley try to train him to do? For what purpose did he train his frog?(From The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Cavaveras County ) 63.According to Bricks from the Tower of the Bable, what are the purpose, ideal features and12limitations of a universal language?(From Bricks from the Tower of the Babel ) 64.According to David Givens in What Body Language Can Tell you That Words Cannot, what isbody language? What features does it have? Cite one or two examples of body languagefrom the text.(From What Body Language Can Tell You That Words Cannot)。