英语词汇学期末复习

合集下载

词汇学复习资料

词汇学复习资料词汇学复习资料词汇学是语言学的一个重要分支，研究词汇的构成、分类和使用规律。

对于学习一门语言来说，掌握丰富的词汇是非常重要的。

在这篇文章中，我们将提供一些词汇学的复习资料，帮助读者巩固和扩展词汇量。

一、词汇的构成词汇是语言的基本单位，是由一个或多个音素组成的。

在不同的语言中，词汇的构成方式也有所不同。

例如，英语中的词汇主要由字母组成，而汉语中的词汇则由汉字组成。

1. 字母构词法英语中的词汇通常由字母组成，可以通过添加前缀、后缀和词根来构成新的词汇。

例如，单词“unhappiness”由前缀“un-”（表示否定）和词根“happy”组成。

2. 字形构词法汉语中的词汇由汉字组成，可以通过添加偏旁部首、衍生字和合成字来构成新的词汇。

例如，汉字“学”可以通过添加偏旁部首“子”来构成“字”，表示学习。

二、词汇的分类词汇可以按照不同的分类标准进行分类，例如按照词性、语义和用途等。

下面是一些常见的词汇分类。

1. 词性分类词汇可以分为名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、连词和感叹词等不同的词性。

名词用来表示人、事物或概念，动词用来表示动作或状态，形容词用来描述人或事物的特征，副词用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，代词用来代替名词，介词用来表示位置、时间或方式，连词用来连接词语或句子，感叹词用来表示强烈的情感。

2. 语义分类词汇可以按照词义的相似性进行分类。

例如，可以将名词按照人、动物、植物、物体、抽象概念等进行分类；将动词按照行为、状态、感觉、思维等进行分类；将形容词按照颜色、大小、形状、性质等进行分类。

3. 用途分类词汇可以按照在句子中的作用进行分类。

例如，可以将词汇分为实词和虚词。

实词包括名词、动词、形容词和副词，它们在句子中起到实际的意义；虚词包括代词、介词、连词和感叹词，它们在句子中起到连接或修饰的作用。

三、词汇的使用规律词汇的使用规律是指在特定语境中使用词汇的约束条件。

不同的语言和不同的语境中，词汇的使用规律也有所不同。

英语词汇学知识点整理

英语词汇学知识点整理词汇期末复习（C1-C7）Chapter 1⼀、Word 词的定义(1) a minimal free form（最⼩的⾃由形式）(2) a sound unity(3) a semantic unity（meaning）(4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.（具有句法功能）⼆、Vocabulary词汇的定义All the words in a language make up what is generally known as vocabulary.⼀般来说，词汇指的是⼀种语⾔⾥所有单词的总和。

词的总和构成语⾔的词汇。

词与词汇之间的关系是个体与总体之间的关系。

三、Sound&Meaning发⾳和意义The connection between the sound (form) and meaning is arbitrary (任意的) and conventional. ⼆者的关系是约定俗成、随意的四、Sound & Form发⾳和形式(1)The written form of a natural language is the orthographical（正字的）record of the oralform.⾃然语⾔的书写形式是⼝语形式的书写记录。

(2)The reasons of differences occur between sound and form: 发⾳与形式不同的原因：①English alphabet was adopted from the Romans 英语字母表来⾃罗马②the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years. 发⾳改变快速③Differences created by professional scribes. 专业抄写员的不同④More differences brought by the continuing change of sounds and the standardization of spelling.发⾳不断变化，书写标准化。

词汇学期末复习资料

1.Words Motivation言语理据：deals with the connection between name (word-symbol) and its sense (meaning). It is the relationship between the word structure and its meaning. There are four types of motivation, which are Onomatopoeic motivation,Morphologic motivation, Semantic motivation and etymologic motivation.(1) Onomatopoeic motivation:拟声理据Onomatopoeic motivation means defining the principle of motivation by sound. For example, bow-wow, bang, ping-pong, miaow, tick-tuck ,haha and the like are Onomatopoeic words. Knowing the sounds means understanding the meaning of a word.(2) Morphologic motivation:形态理据It means that we observe the connection between morphemic structure of the word and its meaning. For example,if one knows the meaning of the affix and the base, say –able and learn, then one can immediately tell that the meaning of the word learnable is “that can be learned”. (3)Semantic motivation:语义理据Semantic motivation refers to the mental association suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. For example: When we speak of a stony heart we are comparing the heart with a stone.(4) etymologic motivation: 词源理据It explains the words whose meanings are closely associated with their origins, i.e. the meanings of the words. For example, now people use pen for any writing tool though it originally denotes “feather” because before modern pens were created, feathers were commonly used as writing tool.2.Meanings of meaning: There are seven types of meaning which is proposed by G. Leech.(1)conceptual meaning:概念意义it is the literal meaning. It is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing refers to. eg: the word "desk" is explained as a piece of furniture in the dictionary. (2)connotative meaning:内涵意义it refers to the meaning implied. eg: woman is a tiger and in this sentence, the word "woman" is connotative meaning.（3）social meaning: if refers to social circumstances. eg: the meaning of the word black differs in the two collcations of black hair and black tea.(4)affective meaning: 情感意义it refers to emotion or the feeling expressed by the speaker or writer. For example, the woman is cute. In this sentence, the word "cute" expresses the author's favor to woman..(5)reflective meaning:联想意义it refers to meaning undetected in communication. Take the word "table" as an example. It is a very common word in English. If we look it up in any dictionary, we will find that it has at least the following three meanings: a piece of furniture, all the people seated at a table, the food that is put on a table.(6)collocativemeaning:搭配意义it is communicated through association with words which tend to occur in the environment of other word..For instance, the phrase "see a film" is ofen used in everyday life but not "read a film".(7)thematic meaning: it is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of other and emphasis. For example, "It is until the midnight that my father worked in the lab", this sentence emphasis time adverbial and it's theme is that my father worked hard "until the midnight". However, in this sentence "It is my father that worked until the midnight in the lab", it emphasis the subject "my father"3.词义关系(1)Synonymy:同义关系refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning. Words that are close in meaning are called synonyms. ①Dialectal synonyms—synonyms used in different regional dialects. Eg. British English: autumn. American English: fall.②S tylistic synonyms---Synonyms differing in style. Eg. Start, begin, commence ③Synonyms that different in their emotive or evaluative meaning. Eg. The two words collaborator and accomplice are synonymous inthat they share the meaning of “a person who helps another”, but they differ in that a collaborator helps another in doing something good, while an accomplice helps another ina criminal act. ④S emantically different synonyms. Eg. The two words amaze and astound are very close in meaning to the word surprise, but have very subtle differences. While amaze suggests confusion and bewilderment, astound suggests difficulty in believing. ⑤Collocational s ynonyms. Eg. charge…. With, rebuke….for, sour milk (2).Polysemy:多义现象It refers to different words may have the same or similar meaning, the same one word may have more than one meaning. Eg. If we look up he word “table” in any dictionary, we will find the following meanings: 1)a piece of furniture, 2)all the people seated at table, 3)the food that is put on the table, 4)a thin flat piece of stone, metal, wood, etc, and so on(3).Homonymy同音异义refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. 1)Homophones同音异义—when two words are identical in sound. Eg. Meet/meat; son/sun; night/knight; Homonymy Homographs同形异义—when two words are identical in spelling. Eg. minute n/minute adj; tear v./ tear n ; lead v./lead n. Complete homonyms—when two words are identical in both spelling and sound. Eg. Fast adj./ fast v. scale n./scale v.(4).Hyponymy下义关系It refers to the sense relation between a more general, moreinclusive word and a more specific word. the word which is more general in meaning is called superordinate上义词, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms下义词. Eg. Superordinate: animal, hyponyms: dog, cat, tiger, lion, fox, bear.(5)Antonymy 反义关系It’s the term used for oppositeness of meaning. ①Gradable antonyms分级反义词(a matter of degree). Eg.Old—middle-aged—young; hot-warm-cold .②Complementary antonyms互补反义词(the denial of one member of pair implies the assertion of the other) . Eg. Alive—dead; male—female; ③Relational opposites关系反义词(Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items are called relational opposites)Eg. father-son; teacher-pupil; doctor-patient; buy-sell; above-below; north-south(6)Taxonomy:分类关系it is a classified structure formed by different level of types of lexicon. The relation between different types of lexicon is taxonomy. The lexicon contains a narrow type which is called taxonyms. While the lexicon contains a wide type on a superior level is superordinate. The lexicons in the same level are co-taxonyms. For example: plant can be divided into lichen, creeper, tree and so on, tree can be divided into conifer and deciduous. Conifer can be divided into pine and spruce. From the relations, pine is a kind of conifer which is a kind of tree, which is a kind of plant, so pine is a kind of plant.(7)Partonomy (Meronymy)部分整体关系:it involves part-whole relation between words. For example: wheel, engine, window and door are parts of car. Car is called the superordinate in the relationship. wheel, engine, window and door are called the meronyms in the relationship.4.Derivation:派生it is generally defined as a word formation process by which new words are created by odding prefix, suffix or both to the base form. For example: unhappy is the derivation of happy. Proposal is the derivation of propose. Dishonest is the derivation of honest.pounding :复合法is a process of word formation by which two or more stems are put together to make one word. For example: baby-sitter, housekeeper, speed-reading, overwork are all compound words.6.Conversion :转化is a word formation process by which a word of a certain word class is shifted into a word of another word class without the addition of an affix. For example: wateris a noun and it can convert into a verb which means to pour water on. Wealthy is an adjective and it can convert into a noun “the wealthy” which means rich people.7.Back formation:逆构词法it refers to a type of word formation by which a shorter word is coin by deletion of a supposed affix from a longer form already existing in the language. For example: daydreamer is a noun. We can remove the suffix-er. Then the word daydreamer turns into a verb. The meaning of them are still same.8.Abbreviation(Clipping): 缩略法it refers to the abbreviation of longer words or phrases. For example: quake is the abbreviation of earthquake. Fridge is the abbreviation of refrigerator.9.Hyponymy:下义词it refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms. Hyponyms of the same superordinate are co-hyponyms to each other. For example: fruit, meat, vegetable are hyponyms of the superordinate term food. Beef , pork. Mutton are hyponyms of the superordinate term meat.10.Context:generally speaking, context is consist of two aspects: one is “linguistic context” referring to the linguistic unit preceding and/or following a particular linguistic unit in a text and refer to the words, clause and sentences in which a word appears. The other is “extra-linguistic” context or “non-linguistic” context refers to those situations and features which are not directly a part of the language in use but which either contribute in conveying a message or have an influence on language use. It contains situational context referring to time , place, human characteristic and social status; common sense and some certain information in a certain situation.修辞：1.metaphor,隐喻:两个事物存在某一类似之处，而用一个事物的词来指另一个事物。

词汇学期末考试复习资料

第一章A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic functionWord ，Vocabulary的关系All the words in a language make up what is generally known as its vocabulary.The relationship between sound and meaning is almost always arbitrary and conventional, and there is no logical relationship between sound and meaning.Word-form and meaning: arbitrary and conventional.What is the relationship between sound and meaning?1)There is ‘no logical relationship between the sound and act ual thing.e.g. dog. cat2)The relationship between them is conventional.3) In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds.What is relationship between sound and form?1)The written form of a natural language is the written record of the oral form. Naturally the written form should agree with the oral form.2)This is fairly true of English in its earliest stageOld English3)With the development of the language, more and more diff erences occur between the two.What is the classification of words? How to classify words i n linguistics?Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion, and into native words and borrowed words by origin.According to Stuart Robertson the nine functional words , namely ,and , be , have , it , of , the , to , will ,youWhat are the characteristics of basic word stock?1) All national character 2) Stability 3) Productivity 4) Polyse my 5) CollocabilityNone basic vocabulary1) Terminology e.g. sonata, algebra 专业术语2) Jargon e.g. Bottom line ( Jargon ) 行话3) Slang e.g. smoky, bear ( Slang ) 俚语4) Argot e.g. persuader 黑话，隐语5) Dialectal words e.g. station ( AusE = ranch ) bluid ( ScotE = blood)方言6) Archaisms e.g. wilt (will) 古语词7) Neologisms e.g. email ( Neologisms ) 新语词第二章语系Three Phases of the Historical DevelopmentThe first peoples who inhabited the land were Celts.The second language known in English was Latin of the Roman Legions.Celtic对英语的影响小，主要是place，river name。

词汇学期末考试题及答案

词汇学期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的核心对象是（）。

A. 语音B. 语法C. 词汇D. 语义答案：C2. 词义的最小单位是（）。

A. 语素B. 词C. 短语D. 句子答案：A3. 以下哪个词属于多义词？（）A. 桌子B. 苹果C. 跑D. 笔答案：C4. 词义的演变通常不包括（）。

A. 词义扩大B. 词义缩小C. 词义转移D. 词义创新答案：D5. 以下哪个词属于外来词？（）A. 沙发B. 电脑C. 汽车D. 火车答案：A6. 词义的引申通常是基于（）。

A. 词的本义B. 词的引申义C. 词的转用义D. 词的比喻义答案：A7. 以下哪个词属于同义词？（）A. 快速和迅速B. 桌子和椅子C. 红色和蓝色D. 学习和平息答案：A8. 以下哪个词属于反义词？（）A. 高和矮B. 桌子和椅子C. 红色和蓝色D. 学习和平息答案：A9. 以下哪个词属于成语？（）A. 马到成功B. 桌子C. 红色D. 学习答案：A10. 以下哪个词属于专业术语？（）A. 电脑B. 桌子C. 红色D. 学习答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中的词汇及其变化规律的学科。

2. 词义的演变包括词义扩大、词义缩小和词义转移。

3. 多义词是指一个词具有两个或两个以上相关或不相关的意义。

4. 外来词是指从其他语言借用过来的词。

5. 词义的引申通常是基于词的本义。

6. 同义词是指意义相同或相近的词。

7. 反义词是指意义相反或相对的词。

8. 成语是指由四个或四个以上汉字组成的固定短语，具有特定的意义和用法。

9. 专业术语是指在特定领域内使用的具有特定意义的词。

10. 词汇的创新是指根据语言发展的需要，创造出新的词汇。

三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述词汇学的研究内容。

词汇学主要研究语言中的词汇及其变化规律，包括词的构成、词义的演变、词的分类、词的用法等方面。

2. 简述词义演变的类型。

64曲阜师范大学2020年成人高等教育《英语词汇学》复习资料期末考试试题及参考答案

《英语词汇学》复习资料1Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks.Directions: Complete the following statements with proper words.1.The 1 is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.2. 2 are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the Englishlanguage.3.The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with fromtwo different angles: 3 approach and synchronic approach.4.“Mal-” in “maltreat” is a 4 prefix, while “inter-” in “ interstate” is a 5 prefix.5.Old English is described as a language of full endings, Middle English language of 6endings, and a language of 7 endings.6.In modern English, one may find some 8 words whose sounds suggest their meaning,for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises.7.The word meaning is made up of 9 meaning and 10 meaning, and the later hastwo components: conceptual meaning and 11 meaning.8.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or 12 .9.13 is thought to be the opposite process of suffixation.10.14 is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus apart of another word.11.15 refers to the jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups, andoutsiders can hardly understand it.12.“Pretty” and “handsome” share the same 16 meaning，but differ in 17 meaning.13.___18___analysis is a process of breaking down the sense of a word into its minimalcomponents which are also known as semantic features..14.Radiation and 19 are the two coinages which the development of word meaningfollows from monosemy to polysemy.15.20 deals with the relationship of inclusion, i.e. the meaning of a more specific word isincluded in that of another more general word.Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for “true” and F for “false”.1.Homonyms are descendants of different sources whereas a polysemant is a word of the samesource which has acquired different meanings in the course of development.2.Words of the basic word stock are mostly root words or monosyllabic words, so they havestrong productivity.3.“Can-opener” used as slang to mean “all-purpose key”.4.Native words are neutral in style.5.The Indo-European language family is made up of most languages of Europe, the Far East, andIndia.6.Borrowing has played a vital role in the development of English vocabulary, particularly inearlier times.7.The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is morpheme.8.Stem is a form to which affixes of any kind can be added.9.Base is what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes.10.Words created by compounding occupy the highest percentage of the English vocabulary.11.“Fore-” in “forehead” and “fore-” in “foreknowledge” belong to two kinds of prefix.12.Word-building and word-formation are relative synonyms.13.The word manusc ript which originally denotes “handwriting” only has undergone a process ofextension of meaning.14.Parent—child and husband—wife are two pairs of converses.15.Policeman, constable, bobby and cop are synonyms differing in intensity.Ⅲ. Answer the following questions briefly.1.What are the characteristics of the basic word stock?2.Why are prefixes and suffixes divided according to different criteria?3.List the four sources of synonyms.4.What are the characteristics of conceptual meaning and associative meaning?Ⅳ. Answer the following questions according to the requirement.Classify the three pairs of antonyms according to types of antonyms you have learned and describe the characteristics of each type of them.interviewer/interviewee; male/female; old /young答案I．Fill in the blanks.1. morpheme2. denizens3. diachronic4. pejorative5. locative6. leveled7. lost8. onomatopoeic9. grammatical 10.lexical11.associative 12. pejorative 13. backformation 14. blending 15.argot 16. conceptual 17. collocative 18. componential 19. concatenation 20.hyponymyII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for “true” and F for “false”.1-5 TTTFT 6-10 TFFFT 11-15 TFFTFIII.Answer the following questions briefly.1.What are the characteristics of the basic word stock?1)All national character 2) stability 3) productivity 4) polysemy 5)collocability2.Why are prefixes and suffixes divided according to different criteria?1)Prefixes primarily effect a semantic modification of the base, i.e. prefixes do not generallychange the word-class of the base but only modify its meaning.2)Suffixes have only a small semantic role and their primary function is to change thegrammatical function of the base, i.e. the change of the word class with a slight modification of meaning.3)So prefixes are categorized on a semantic basis while suffixes are divided on a grammaticalbasis.3.1)Borrowing; (2) dialects and regional English (3) figurative and euphemistic use of words(4) coincidence with idiomatic expressions4.What are the characteristics of conceptual meaning and associative meaning?1)Conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of wordmeaning. Being constant and relatively stable, conceptual meaning forms the basis for communication as the same word generally has the same conceptual meaning to the speakers in the same speech community. (3%)2)Associative meaning differs from the conceptual meaning in that it is open-ended andindeterminate, liable to the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion,geographical region, class background, education, etc…（3%）Ⅳ. Analyze the following questions and explain them according to the requirement.1.1)Interviewer& interviewee are converses; male & female are complementaries; old &young are contraries.2)Complementaries truly represent oppositeness of meaning. They are so opposite to eachother that they are mutually exclusive and admit no possibility between them. The assertion of one is the denial of the other or vice versa. Complementaries are nongradable, and they cannot be used in comparative degrees and do not allow adverbs of intensity like “very” to qualify them.3)Contraries are gradable antonyms. The existence of one is in relation to the other. We cansay: A man is rich or very rich and also we can say a man is rich than the other. Contraries are characteristic of semantic polarity. These antonyms form part of a scale of values between two poles and can accommodate a middle ground belonging neither to one pole nor to the other.4)Converses consist of relational opposites. The pairs of words indicate reciprocal socialrelationships that one of them cannot be used without suggesting the other. It also includes reverse terms, which comprise adjectives and adverbs signifying a quality or verbs and nouns signifying an act or state that reverse or undo the quality, action or state of the other.复习资料2I. 单选题1. In the sentence “I like to see a movie.”, there are ________ functional words.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 52. Conversion is amethod________________________.A. of turning words of one part of speech to those of a different part of speechB. of converting words of one meaning into different meaningC. of deriving words through grammatical meansD. of changing words in morphological structure3. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ________________.A. subseaB. prewarC. postwarD. desks4. Which of the following statements is false?A. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.B. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns, verbs and adverbs.C. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectiveswhen converted to nouns.D. The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress.5. _________ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning.A. Grammatical meaningB. Denotative meaningC. Associative meaningD. Connotative meaning6. The words what have emotive content in themselves are said to contain __ meaning.A. collocativeB. affectiveC. stylisticD. denotative7. __________ explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.A. Etymological motivationB. Onomatopoetic motivationC. Morphological motivationD. Semantic motivation8. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT __________.A. worksB. workerC. workingD. worked9. “Smog”is formed by combining “smoke”and “fog”. So it is an example ofA. clippingB. compoundingC. blendingD. back-formation10. The word “smog”is created by blending, with the structure of __________.A. head + tailB. head + headC. head + wordD. word + tail11. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is the creation of new words by means of ________________.A. translation-loansB. emantic loansC. word formationD. borrowings12. Which of the following belongs to a semantic field?A. steed, charger, palfrey, plug, nagB. pony, mustang, mule, stud, mareC. policeman, constable, bobby, copD. domicile, residence, abode, home13. Words which are used to show the attitude of approval are ________________.A. appreciativeB. pejorativeC. conntativeD. collocative14. General features of English contains the following except _________.A. simplicityB. receptivityC. adaptabilityD. imprssiveness15. The most productive means of word-formation in modern English are the following except .A. compoundingB. affixationC. acronymD. conversionII判断题1. The Indo-European language family is made up of most languages of Europe, the Far East, andIndia. （）2. The word manusc ript which originally denotes “handwriting” only has undergone a process ofextension of meaning. （）3. The beginning of the Middle English Period was marked by the Norman Conquest which broughtmany Latin words into the English language. （）4. Words of the basic word stock are mostly root words or monosyllabic words, so they have strongproductivity. （）5. Grammatical meaning or a word includes part of speech, tense meaning, and stylistic coloring.（）6. Words created by compounding occupy the highest percentage of the English vocabulary. （）7. The marked term of each pair of antonyms covers the sense of the unmarked term. （）8. Policeman, constable, bobby and cop are synonyms differing in intensity. （）9. Borrowing has played a vital role in the development of English vocabulary, particularly inearlier times. （）10. “Radiation” shows that the derived mea nings of a polysemantic word are not directly related tothe primary meaning. （）III简答题1. What are the characteristics of conceptual meaning and associative meaning?2. List different types of associative meaning and define them.答案I． 1-5 AADDB 6-10 BDBCA 11-15 CBADCⅡ. 1-5 TFFTF 6-10 TFFTFⅢ. 1. What are the characteristics of conceptual meaning and associative meaning?Conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word meaning.Being constant and relatively stable, conceptual meaning forms the basis for communication as the same word generally has the same conceptual meaning to the speakers in the same speech community. Associativemeaning differs from the conceptual meaning in that it is open-ended and indeterminate, liable to the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, geographical region, class background, education, etc…2. List different types of associative meaning and define them.Explain different types of homonyms with examples.Perfect homonyms are known as absolute homonyms, and they are words identical both in sound and spelling. E.g bear (to put up with) and bear (a kind of fruit) Homographs are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. sow (to scatter seeds) and sow (female adult pig)Homophones are words identical only in sound but different in spelling and meaning, e.g. dear ( a loved person) and deer (a kind of an animal)复习资料3I．Fill in the blanks.Directions: Complete the following statements with proper words.1.The __1 is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.2. 2 are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the Englishlanguage.3.The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt withfrom two different angles: 3 approach and synchronic approach.4.“Mal” in “maltreat” is a 4 prefix, while “inter-” in “ interstate” is a 5_ prefix.5.Old English is described as a language of full endings, Middle English language of___6__endings, and a language of __7__ endings.6.In modern English, one may find some 8 words whose sounds suggest their meaning,for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises.7.The word meaning is made up of 9 meaning and 10 meaning, and the later hastwo components: conceptual meaning and 11 meaning.8.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or __12 .9.13 is thought to be the opposite process of suffixation.10.___14__ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus apart of another word.11.15 refers to the jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups, andoutsiders can hardly understand it.12.“Pretty” and “handsome” share the same _16_ meaning, but differ in _17_ meaning.13.___18___analysis is a process of breaking down the sense of a word into its minimalcomponents which are also known as semantic features.14.Radiation and ___19___ are the two coinages which the development of word meaningfollows from monosemy to polysemy.15.__20____deals with the relationship of inclusion, i.e. the meaning of a more specific word isincluded in that of another more general word.Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write T or F on the answer sheet:1.Homonyms come mainly from borrowing, changes in sound and spelling, and dialects.2.“Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemantic word are not directly related tothe primary meaning.3.Borrowing is a very important source of synonyms.4. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym.5.Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.6.Motivation explains the connection between the linguistic form and its meaning.7.Grammatical meaning or a word includes part of speech, tense meaning, and stylistic coloring.8.The origins of the words are a key factor in distinguishing homonyms from polysemants.9.The marked term of each pair of antonyms covers the sense of the unmarked term.10.If the words differ in range and intensity of meaning, the words are not identical in denotation.11.The beginning of the Middle English Period was marked by the Norman Conquest whichbrought many Latin words into the English language.ponential analysis is to break down. the conceptual sense of a word into its minimaldistinctive components.13.Celtic language made great contributions to the expansion of the English vocabulary.14.Native words enjoy the same features as the basic word stock and more.15.Shortening includes clipping and blending.Ⅲ. Answer the following questions briefly.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes in terms of free and bound morphemes.unbearable international ex-prisoner.2. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.3. List different types of associative meaning and define them.4. Explain different types of homonyms with examples.Ⅳ. Analyze the following questions and explain them according to the requirement.1. What is the difference between homonyms and polysemants?答案I．Fill in the blanks.1. morpheme2. denizens3. diachronic4. pejorative5. locative6. leveled7. lost8. onomatopoeic9. grammatical 10. lexical 11.associative 12. pejorative 13. backformation 14. blending 15. argot 16. conceptual 17. collocative 18. componential 19. concatenation 20. hyponymyⅡ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write T or F in the brackets: 1．F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 6. T 7.F 8.T 9.F 10.T 11.F 12. F 13. F 14. T 15. TⅢ. Answer the following questions briefly.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes in terms of free and bound morphemes.unbearable international ex-prisoner.un+bear+able:(1)‘bear’ is a free morpheme, and ‘un’, ‘able’are bound morphemes.inter+nation+al: ‘nation’ is a free morpheme, and ‘inter, al’ are bound morphemes.ex+prison+er: ‘prison’ is a free morpheme, and ‘ex, er’ are bound morphemes.2. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.1)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.2)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.3)Backformation is therefore the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes, socalled because many of the removed endings are not suffixes but inseparable parts of the word.4)For example, it is a common practice to add –er, -or to verb bases to form agential nouns.5)Reasonably, people make verbs by dropping the ending such as –or in editor, -ar in beggar and–er in butler.3. List different types of associative meaning and define them.1)Connotative meaning refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptualmeaning, traditionally known as connotations.2)Stylistic meaning refers to stylistic features, which make them appropriate for different styles.3)Affective meaning expresses the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.4)Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires on account of the meanings ofwords which tend to occur in its environment.4. Explain different types of homonyms with examples.(1)Perfect homonyms are known as absolute homonyms, and they are words identical both insound and spelling. E.g bear (to put up with) and bear (a kind of fruit)(2)Homographs are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. sow(to scatter seeds) and sow (female adult pig)(3)Homophones are words identical only in sound but different in spelling and meaning, e.g. dear( a loved person) and deer (a kind of animal)Ⅳ. Analyze the following questions and explain them according to the requirement.1.What is the difference between homonyms and polysemants?1)Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully identical with reference to spelling andpronunciation, as both have the same orthographical form but different meanings. This creates the problem of differentiation.2)The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the fact that the formerrefers to different lexemes which have the same form and the latter the one and same lexeme which has several distinguishable meanings.3)One important criterion by which to differentiate them is ‘etymology’, i.e., homonyms aredescendants of different sources whereas a polysemant is a word of the same source which has acquired different meanings in the course of development.4)The second principal consideration is ‘semantic relatedness’. The several meanings of a singlepolysemous lexeme are related and can be traced back to one central meaning. On the other hand, meanings of different homonyms have nothing to do with one another.5)In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one headword whereashomonyms are listed as separate entries.。

《英语词汇学》期末考试复习题

英语词汇学期末考试复习题一、单项选择题1.According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.A.soundsB.meaningC.formD.function【正确答案】 B2.A word is a ______ that stands for something else in the world.A.symbolB.systemC.structureD.pattern【正确答案】 A3.We consider that the written form of a natural language is the written record of the ______ form.A.writerB.practicalC.oralD.grammatical【正确答案】 C4.In spite of the differences, at least ______ percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns.A.sixtyB.seventyC.eightyD.ninety【正确答案】 C5.Words may fall into content words and functional words by ______.e frequencyB.notionC.originD.stability【正确答案】 B6.Among the feature of words of the basic word stock, ______ is the most important one that may differentiate words of common use from all others.A.all national characterB.stabilityC.productivityD.collocability【正确答案】 A7.______ belong to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A.JargonsB.SlangsC.ArgotsD.Dialectal words【正确答案】 B8.Native words in English are words brought to Britain in the ______ century by some German tribes.A.eighthB.seventhC.fifthD.sixth【正确答案】 C9.Which of the following words isn’t the alien?A.decorB.bazaarC.shiftD.emir【正确答案】 C10._______ are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A.ArchaismsB.SlangC.ArgotD.Dialectal words【正确答案】 A11.The Indo-European language family accordingly fall into _______ principle groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and Western set.A.eightB.sixC.fiveD.several【正确答案】 A12.The first peoples known to inhabit England were ______.A.CeltsB.RomansC.Anglo-SaxonsD.Jutes【正确答案】 A13.Old English has a vocabulary of about ______ words.A.30000 to 40000B.40000 to 50000C.50000 to 60000D.60000 to 70000【正确答案】 C14.Between 1250 and 1500 about ______ words of French poured into English.A.7000B.8000C.9000D.10000【正确答案】 Cually we regard which of the following periods as Early Modern English?A.450 to 1150B.1150 to 1500C.1500 to 1600D.1500 to 1700【正确答案】 D16.In the growth of present-day English vocabulary, there are three main sources of new words: the rapid development of modern science and technology; social, economic and political changes; the influence of ______.A.the educational systemB.other cultures and languagesC.the government systemD.the society changes【正确答案】 B17.In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A.creationB.semantic changeC.borrowingD.reviving archaic or obsolete words【正确答案】 A18.American English like to use ______.A.creationB.reviving archaic or obsolete wordsC.semantic changeD.borrowing【正确答案】 B19.In the Eastern set, _______ and ________ are each the only modern language respectively.A.Italic, GermanicB.Armenian, AlbanianC.Celtic, HellenicD.Balto-Slavic, Into-Iranian【正确答案】 B20.The ________ is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.A.GermanicB.Balto-SlavicC.Indo-EuropeanD.Indo-Iranian【正确答案】 C21.______ is the smallest functioning unite in the composition of words.A.MorphemeB.AllomorphC.WordD.Stem【正确答案】 A22.______are abstract units.A.MorphsB.AllomorphsC.MorphemesD.All of the above【正确答案】 C23.The morpheme is to the morph what a_____is to a______.A.word / soundB.root / affixC.stem / affixD.phoneme / phone【正确答案】 D24.Bound morphemes include ______ and affix.A.stemB.rootC.bound rootD.prefix and suffix【正确答案】 C25.Words produced by conversion are primarily ______.A.nounsB.adjectivesC.verbsD.all the above【正确答案】 D26.______are attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships.A.AffixesB.SuffixesC.Inflectional affixesD.None of the above【正确答案】 C27.The number of inflectional affixes is ______.A.small and changeablerge and changeableC.small and stablerge and stable【正确答案】 C28.Desire, desirable and desired are______.A.rootsB.stemsC.free rootsD.roots as well as stems【正确答案】 B29.Almost all affixes are_________because few can be used as independent words.A.free morphemesB.bound morphemesC.bound rootD.inflectional affixes【正确答案】 B30.A_________is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words.A.free rootB.bound rootC.free morphemesD.inflectional affixes【正确答案】 B31._____doesn’t belong to the most productive means of word-formation.A.AffixationpoundingC.ConversionD.Blending【正确答案】 D32.Prefixes do not generally change the ____ of the stem but only modify its meaning.A.word-classB.soundC.formD.structure【正确答案】 A33.All of the following are pejorative prefixes except ______.A.mal-B.arch-C.pseudo-D.mis-【正确答案】 B34.-eer, -er, -ess, -ette, -let are all suffixes added to noun bases to produce _____ nouns.A.abstractB.de-verbalC.concreteD.de-adjective【正确答案】 C35.The conversion of two-syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of______.A.spellingB.pronunciationC.stressD.function【正确答案】 C36.The overwhelming majority of blends are ______.A.verbsB.adjectivesC.nounsD.numbers【正确答案】 C37.Back-formation is the method of creating new words by ______ theso-called suffixes.A.removingbiningC.shorteningD.considering【正确答案】 A38.There are four common types of clipping: _______, _______, ________ and ________.A.front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, phrase clippingB.front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, middle clippingC.front clipping, back clipping, middle clipping, phrase clippingD.front clipping, front and back clipping, middle clipping, phrase clipping【正确答案】 A39.Some words are from characters in mythology, e. g. cherub from _______.A.CherubB.GodC.ProteusD.Mackintosh【正确答案】 A40.Stylistically, back-formed words are largely ________ and some of them have not gained public acceptance.A.formalB.adjectivesC.human nounsrmal【正确答案】 D41.Most verbs converted from adjectives have both transitive and ________ functions.A.intransitiveB.voicelessC.linkD.adjective【正确答案】 A42.Most compounds consist of only _______ stems.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four【正确答案】 B43.Words are but symbols, many of which have meaning only when they have acquired ______.A.referenceB.formC.connectionD.motivation【正确答案】 A44.The connection between the word-meaning and the thing it refers to is ______.A.logicalB.conventionalC.grammaticalD.formal【正确答案】 B45.Generally speaking, the meaning of ‘meaning’ is pe rhaps what is termed _______.A.conceptB.ideaC.conventionD.sense【正确答案】 D46._______ meaning and grammatical meaning make up the word-meaning.A.ConceptualB.LexicalC.SocialD.Associative【正确答案】 B47.________ indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.A.Connotative meaningB.Stylistic meaningC.Collocative meaningD.Affective meaning【正确答案】 D48._______, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning.A.Content wordsB.Functional wordsC.Borrowed wordsD.Native words【正确答案】 B49.Black market means _______.A.‘the market black in colour’B.‘illegal selling and buying’C.‘the market having many people’D.none of the above【正确答案】 B50._____ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages.A.HomonymyB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy【正确答案】 B51.The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from diachronic and ______.putationalB.historical approachC.synchronic approachparative approach【正确答案】 C52.The differences between synonyms boil down to the following except ______.A.denotationB.connotationC.applicationD.pronunciation【正确答案】 D53.______ means the stylistic and emotive colouring of words.A.PronunciationB.ConnotationC.DenotationD.Application【正确答案】 B54._______ truly represent oppositeness of meaning.A.Contradictory termsB.Contray termsC.Relative termsD.Absolute synonyms【正确答案】 A55.The basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the _______ meaning.A.firstB.derivedC.centralD.none of the above【正确答案】 C56.Absolute synonyms are_______ in natural languages.A.numerousB.rareC.popularmon【正确答案】 B57.________ deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.A.PolysemyB.HomoymyC.AntonymyD.Hyponymy【正确答案】 D58.Which of the following is not the antonym of dull?A.sunnyB.sharpC.acuteD.fast【正确答案】 D59.________ are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes.A.Contradictory termsB.Contrary termsC.Relative termsD.Antonyms【正确答案】 B60.________ is concerned with semantic opposition.A.AntonymyB.HomonymyC.PolysemyD.Hyponymy【正确答案】 A61.Consequence means________.A.smallB.happinessC.expandD.result【正确答案】 D62.Among the types of word-meaning changes, ______ and narrowing are the most common by far.A.degradationB.transferC.elevationD.extension【正确答案】 D63.Extension of meaning is also called ______.A.generalizationB.specializationC.characterizationD.popularization【正确答案】 A64.Narrowing of meaning is also called ______.A.generalizationB.specializationC.characterizationD.popularization【正确答案】 B65.Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced process of semantic _____.A.extensionB.degradationC.transferD.elevation【正确答案】 C66.The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of _____.A.narrowingB.extensionC.degradationD.transfer【正确答案】 C。

词汇学期末考试复习资料

词汇学期末考试复习资料第一章A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic functionWord ，Vocabulary的关系All the words in a language make up what is generally known as its vocabulary.The relationship between sound and meaning is almost always arbitrary and conventional, and there is no logical relationship between sound and meaning.Word-form and meaning: arbitrary and conventional.What is the relationship between sound and meaning?1)There is ‘no logical relationship between the sound and act ual thing.e.g. dog. cat2)The relationship between them is conventional.3) In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds.What is relationship between sound and form?1)The written form of a natural language is the written record of the oral form. Naturally the written form should agree with the oral form.2)This is fairly true of English in its earliest stageOld English3)With the development of the language, more and more diff erences occur between the two.What is the classification of words? How to classify words i n linguistics?Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion, and into native words and borrowed words byorigin.According to Stuart Robertson the nine functional words , namely ,and , be , have , it , of , the , to , will ,youWhat are the characteristics of basic word stock?1) All national character 2) Stability 3) Productivity 4) Polyse my 5) CollocabilityNone basic vocabulary1) Terminology e.g. sonata, algebra 专业术语2) Jargon e.g. Bottom line ( Jargon ) 行话3) Slang e.g. smoky, bear ( Slang ) 俚语4) Argot e.g. persuader 黑话，隐语5) Dialectal words e.g. station ( AusE = ranch ) bluid ( ScotE = blood)方言6) Archaisms e.g. wilt (will) 古语词7) Neologisms e.g. email ( Neologisms ) 新语词第二章语系Three Phases of the Historical DevelopmentThe first peoples who inhabited the land were Celts.The second language known in English was Latin of the Roman Legions.Celtic对英语的影响小，主要是place，river name。

词汇学期末考试题及答案

词汇学期末考试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的核心对象是（）。

A. 语法结构B. 词汇系统C. 语音系统D. 语义关系答案：B2. 以下哪个选项不是词汇学的研究内容？（）A. 词义的演变B. 词汇的构成C. 句法结构D. 词汇的分类答案：C3. 词汇学中的“语义场”指的是（）。

A. 词与词之间的语义关系B. 词与句之间的语义关系C. 词与语境之间的语义关系D. 词与词义之间的语义关系答案：A4. “苹果”和“梨”在词汇学中属于（）。

A. 同义关系B. 反义关系C. 同源关系D. 同义关系5. 词汇学中，词义的最小单位是（）。

A. 词根B. 词缀C. 词素D. 词组答案：C6. 以下哪个词不是通过合成法构成的？（）A. 计算机B. 电视机C. 电冰箱D. 电答案：D7. 词汇学中，词义的扩大是指（）。

A. 词义范围缩小B. 词义范围扩大C. 词义范围不变D. 词义范围模糊答案：B8. “老师”和“教授”在词汇学中属于（）。

A. 同义关系B. 反义关系C. 包含关系D. 交叉关系答案：D9. 以下哪个词是通过转喻构成的？（）B. 笔杆子C. 铁饭碗D. 纸老虎答案：B10. 词汇学中，词义的转移是指（）。

A. 词义的增加B. 词义的减少C. 词义的不变D. 词义的转变答案：D二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中的词汇现象和词汇系统的_________学科。

答案：语言学2. 词义的最小意义单位是_________。

答案：义素3. 词汇学中的“同义关系”指的是两个或多个词在_________上具有相同或相近的意义。

答案：语义4. 词义的引申是指词义从_________向_________的转移。

答案：具体；抽象5. 词汇学中的“反义关系”指的是两个词在_________上具有相反的意义。

答案：语义6. 词汇学中的“同源关系”指的是两个词在_________上具有共同的来源。

英语词汇学期末考试复习资料(精品文档).docx

1.A word will cover the following points:1) A minimal free form of a language2) A word is minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.(A sound unity, A unit of meaning, A form that can function alone in a sentence);3) A word is the smallest of the linguistic units which can occur on its own in speech or writing.2.Classification of words:1) Basic and non-basic word stock or vocabulary2) Content/ lexical /open class words and function/grammatical/closed class words3.What is involved in knowing a word?1) Form;/ structure;/2) meanings and semantic features associated with that word;3) grammatical or syntactic behavior associated with that word;4) network of associations between that word and other words;/ collocations;/ 5) limitations imposed on the use of word according to variations of function and situation;6)the degree of probability of encountering that word in speech or print.4.Morpheme can be classified as following:5.English word-formation英语构词法6.Derivation / Affixation派生法/词缀negative: a- dis- non- un-privative: de-dis-un-pejorative: mal- mis- pseudo-prefixation and suffixation.前缀和后缀Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to bases. A prefix is a letter or group of letters placed at the beginning of a word to change its meaning. Prefixes are frequently used to form new words.7.Conversion转类法Conversion may be defined as a process by which a word belonging to one word class is transferred to another word class without any concomitant（伴随的）change of form. This process is also known as functional shift or zero-derivation. (零位派生)eg: bookstore was a must(v-n) for me. He downed(adv-v) his tools for a rest. He is a native(a-n)Functions of conversion: to achieve compactness and efficiency, accuracy and specificity, vividness and expressiveness, novelty and balance.8.Backformation逆生法Backformation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a short word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a long form already present in the language. This process is considered to be the opposite process of affixation. eg:bookkeeper<bookkeeping babysit<babysitting burgle<burglar lase<laser9.Abbreviation:缩略法Abbreviation refers to word formation through clipping, initialism and acronym. These short forms are quicker and more convenient in use and for this reason they are becoming more and more popular.Clipping截短法Word formation by clipping part of a word, leaving only a piece of the old word. The shortening may occur at the beginning of the word, at the end of the word and at both ends of the word. The clipped form is normally regarded as informal.eg:phone(telephone),copter(helicopter),quake(earthquake) taxi(taxicab) appx.(appendix)Initialism首字母缩略词Words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as letters. VOA(Voice of America), p.c.(post card), VIP(very important person), BP(beautiful people)Acronym首字母拼音词ROM(read only memory), NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization), OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries )10.Blending混词法Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. Words formed as such are called blends. Blends tend to be more frequent in informal style in the registers of journalism, advertising and technical field. Eg: head+tail：flaunt:flout+vaunt, blunt:blind+stunt,H-bomb:hydrogen+bomb,squash:squeeze+crash, hifi:high+fidelity/head+word:medicare:medical+care,/telequiz:telephone+quiz,//word+tail:workfare:work+welfare,bookmobile: book+automobile11.Imitation基本拟声Zap! Crunch! Swoosh! The world is Whoa!12.Borrowing外来语Coinage新生词Invention创造法poundingis a phenomenon where two or more existing words are combined to construct a new word. Compounding are useful to express the same meaning shortly and briefly and it can help writer to avoid repeating. E.g. The boy who catches attention is my son. The eye-catching boy is my son. The latter one expresses the same meaning more briefly and avoid repeating when we want to mention the boy afterwards.14.Kinds of meaningConceptual meaning refers to the meaning of a word or lexical item that relates it to phenomena in the real world or in a fictional or possible world.Associative meaning Reflected meaning and collocative meaning, affective meaning and social meaning: all these have more in common with connotative meaning than with conceptual meaning, they all have the same open-ended, variable character. They can all be brought together under the heading of associative meaning.Connotative meaning refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning, or the mental content attached to the core meaning. These associations show people’s emotions and attitudes towards what the word refers to.Stylistic meaning Many words have stylistic features, which form the variation in meaning from casual to formal according to the type of situation, the addresser or person addressed, the location, the topic discussed, etc. These distinctive features form the stylistic meaning of words. In some dictionaries, these stylistic features are clearly marked as formal, informal, literary, archaic, slang and so on.Affective meaning reflects the speaker’s emotions, feelings and attitudes towards the person or thing in question. This meaning is often expressed in terms of the conceptual, connotative or stylistic content of the right word or by using proper intonation, tone of voice, and interjections.15.types of affective meaning:pejorative/derogatory; appreciative/commendatory16.How to express affective meaning? Explain with examples.The reflected meaning of a word is the total of all the other meanings a person thinks when hearing the word. The word has its suggestive power.Collocative meaning: Words may share the same meanings, but may be distinguished by the range of lexical terms they collocate with.Thematic meaning It is about what is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis.Analyzing meaning Meanings of words can be analyzed into a number of features or components, such approach is called componential analysis or semantic features analysis.17.English euphemisms formation1)Compounding, Clipping, Acronym: gents (gentlemen’s room)2) .backslang, respelling of initials, phonetic distortion: elly-bay (belly)3) . Borrowing, substitution of synonyms, use of fuzzy word: nude (naked)4) . Metaphor, understatement, periphrases, etc.: to sleep forever, adjustment downward, landscape architect, smelly18.Five major mechanisms in semantic changes语义转化Broadening/widening/extending/generalization of meaningNarrowing/restriction/reduction/specializationAmelioration/elevationPejoration/degradationTransfer of meaning19.The polysemy of the word一词多义 a word having two or more closely related meanings.20.Semantic relations语义关系Words do not exist in isolation. Their meanings are defined through their relations to other word, and it is through understanding these connections that we arrive at our understanding of words.A. Synonymy Words which have the same or nearly the same meanings as other words are called synonyms and the relationship between them is one of synonymy. Absolute and relative synonyms绝对同义词和相对同义词B. Antonyms Words opposite in meaning are generally called antonyms. Gradable antonyms层级反义词Complementary or contradictory antonym互补反义词Converse antonyms逆行Three types of antonyms: gradable antonyms, complementary or contradictory antonyms, and converses.C. Hyponymy and meronymy上下义关系和部分整体关系Hyponymy--the kind of’ relation The relation of hyponymy serves to structure large parts of a language’s vocabulary. The organization of a work like Roget’s Thesaurus suggests that it is perhaps an all-pervasive structuring relation.meronymy --the part of relation can similarly be represented by a hierarchy of superordinate and subordinate termsD. Homonymy同形同音异义词Homonyms refer to words which are written in the same way and sound alike but which have different meanings. They can be classifiedinto two categories: homographs and homophones.a. Homographs:同形异义词words that have the same spelling but differ in sound and meaning.b. Homophones:同音异义词words that have the same phonological form but differ in spelling and meaning.20.Semantic/lexical field:It is the organization of related words and expressions into a system which shows their relationship to one another. The semantic field arrangement brings together words that share the same semantic space. It is a record of the vocabulary resources available for an area of meaning, and it enables a user of the language to appreciate often elusive meaning differences between words.21.The major features of idioms1)Compositeness:复合性idioms consist of more than one word; They are multiword lexical items as in bread and butter, spill the beans, let the cat out the bag, etc.2)Structural stability:稳定性idioms are fixed collocations by long usage. Unlike free phrases, idioms are frozen and conventionalized collocations whose components cannot be varied or varied only within definable limits. 3)Semantic unity:统一性idioms are semantically opaque. Unlike free phrase, the meaning of an idiom is not the sum of its constituents. In other words, the meaning of idiom is not transparent in most cases.Transformation/creativity in idiom:Replacement/substitution,addition, permutation, deletionThe application of idioms: Idioms from the speech of soldiers, every-day life of Englishmen, health, illness and death, business and the stock exchange, popular sports and games, books and stories22.Cohesive device衔接手段(links in meaning) conjunction连词,substitution替代, ellipsis省略, reference指代, lexical cohesion词汇衔接Discourse is any passage spoken or written of whatever length that forms a unified corn. It may be a product of a single writer, speaker or several persons.23.词汇衔接手段reiteration（复现）and collocation(共现)Lexical cohesion refers to lexical items which work on the organization of coherent discourse. Under this heading includes a variety of kinds of semantic relationshipthat can exist between lexical items. Halliday and Hasan cluster them into two broadsub-classes: reiteration and collocation, which contribute to the creation and organization of discourse.Reiteration复现or repetition is the occurrence of one or more items in a sentencethat by themselves tell the reader or listener nothing new but reinstate some element(s) from the earlier sentences so that something new can be said about. As aform of lexical cohesion, reiteration involves the repetition of an identical lexical item, the use of a general word to refer to a lexical item, the use of a synonym ornear-synonym, the use of superordinate, the use of hyponym, Equivalence等价Naming命名Semblance/Analogy同义词/类比Metonymy借喻etc. They serve to show the relatedness of ideas in the discourse.Collocation搭配is a cover term for the cohesion that results from the co-occurrence of lexical items that are in some way or other associated with one another, because they tend to occur in similar environment.24.General approaches to lexical learning in EFL1.) guessing/inferring from context2.)using mnemonic techniques3.) using word parts4.) learning from word cards5.) using dictionary25.Kinds of Context Clue Linguistic clues:cues based on knowledge of English language. e.g. synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, grammar, punctuations, word parts, pronunciation, intonation, stress, etc.Logical clues: cues based on relationships among the various parts of the information. e.g. cause and effect, comparison and contrast, generalization and examples, restatements, definitions, etc.World knowledge clues: cues based on the informant’s experience and knowledge of the topic.Non-verbal clues: cues based on tables, images, diagrams, etc.ing mnemonic techniques1) Repeating (verbal and oral): Repetition is the key to learning. Only by saying, writing, listening and using words again and again can one make them part of his active vocabulary.2) Linking with prior knowledge: Integrating the new word with the familiar one, connecting the new word with already known words through associating, semantic mapping and charting semantic features, etc.3) Forming word association: Getting words together on account of their semantic relations or logical connections. e.g. grass – green, school – students, hit – ball, swim – pool, apple – fruit, irritated – annoyed, dead – alive, baby – mother, etc.4) Building up semantic mapping: Brainstorming associations a word has with other words and then diagramming the results.27.What is lexical cohesion? What are the general features of it?Lexical cohesion refers to lexical items which work on the organization of coherent discourse. Cohesion means formal links between element links in form. There are 2 types of lexical cohesion,reiteration and collocation. As a form of lexical cohesion, reiteration involves the repetition of an identical lexical item, the use of a general word to refer to a lexical item, the use of a synonym or near-synonym, the use of superordinate, the use of hyponym. Collocation reflects rules of the conventions and co-occurence tendency in the use of word in discourse. Collocation is a cover term for the cohesion that results from the co-occurrence of lexical items that are in some way or other associated with one another, because they tend to occur in similar environment. For example, in a talk about football game, words like shoot, goalkeeper, penalty and kick are more likely to appear than other words in the talk.28.Learning from word cardsStep 1 Choosing words to learnSept 2 Making word cardsStep 3 Using the cardsing DictionariesWhat are the major purposes for dictionary use?Comprehension/ Look up unknown words met while listening, reading, or translating./ Confirm the meanings of partly known words./ Confirm guess from context./ Production/ Look up unknown words needed to speak, write, or translate. / Look up the spelling, pronunciation, meaning, grammar, constraints on use, collocations, inflections and derived forms of partly known words needed to speak, write or translate. /Confirm the spelling, pronunciation, meaning, etc. of known words. /Check that a word exists./Find a different word to use instead of a known one./Correct an error./Learning /Choose unknown words to learn./Enrich knowledge of partly known words, including etymology.。

英语词汇学期末考试复习资料

1.A word will cover the following points:1) A minimal free form of a language2) A word is minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.(A sound unity, A unit of meaning, A form that can function alone in a sentence);3) A word is the smallest of the linguistic units which can occur on its own in speech or writing.2.Classification of words:1) Basic and non-basic word stock or vocabulary2) Content/ lexical /open class words and function/grammatical/closed class words3.What is involved in knowing a word?1) Form;/ structure;/2) meanings and semantic features associated with that word;3) grammatical or syntactic behavior associated with that word;4) network of associations between that word and other words;/ collocations;/ 5) limitations imposed on the use of word according to variations of function and situation;6) the degree of probability of encountering that word in speech or print.4.Morpheme can be classified as following:5.English word-formation英语构词法6.Derivation / Affixation派生法/词缀negative: a- dis- non- un-privative: de-dis-un- pejorative: mal- mis- pseudo-prefixation and suffixation.前缀和后缀Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to bases. A prefix is a letter or group of letters placed at the beginning of a word to change its meaning. Prefixes are frequently used to form new words.7.Conversion 转类法Conversion may be defined as a process by which a word belonging to one word class is transferred to another word class without any concomitant（伴随的）change of form. This process is also known as functional shift or zero-derivation. (零位派生) eg: bookstore was a must(v-n) for me. He downed(adv-v) his tools for a rest. He is a native(a-n)Functions of conversion: to achieve compactness and efficiency, accuracy and specificity, vividness and expressiveness, novelty and balance.8.Backformation逆生法Backformation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a short word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a long form already present in thelanguage. This process is considered to be the opposite process of affixation. eg:bookkeeper<bookkeeping babysit<babysitting burgle<burglar lase<laser9.Abbreviation: 缩略法Abbreviation refers to word formation through clipping, initialism and acronym. These short forms are quicker and more convenient in use and for this reason they are becoming more and more popular.Clipping截短法Word formation by clipping part of a word, leaving only a piece of the old word. The shortening may occur at the beginning of the word, at the end of the word and at both ends of the word. The clipped form is normally regarded as informal. eg: phone(telephone), copter(helicopter), quake(earthquake) taxi(taxicab) appx.(appendix)Initialism首字母缩略词Words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as letters. VOA(Voice of America), p.c.(post card), VIP(very important person), BP(beautiful people)Acronym首字母拼音词ROM(read only memory), NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization), OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries )10.Blending 混词法Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. Words formed as such are called blends. Blends tend to be more frequent in informal style in the registers of journalism, advertising and technical field. Eg: head+tail：flaunt:flout+vaunt, blunt:blind+stunt, H-bomb:hydrogen+bomb, squash:squeeze+crash, hifi:high+fidelity/head+word:medicare:medical+care,/telequiz:telephone+quiz,//word+tail:workfare:work+welfare,bookmobile: book+automobile11.Imitation 基本拟声Zap! Crunch! Swoosh! The world is Whoa!12.Borrowing 外来语Coinage 新生词Invention 创造法poundingis a phenomenon where two or more existing words are combined to construct a new word. Compounding are useful to express the same meaning shortly and briefly and it can help writer to avoid repeating. E.g. The boy who catches attention is my son. The eye-catching boy is my son. The latter one expresses the same meaning more briefly and avoid repeating when we want to mention the boy afterwards. 14.Kinds of meaningConceptual meaning refers to the meaning of a word or lexical item that relates it to phenomena in the real world or in a fictional or possible world.Associative meaning Reflected meaning and collocative meaning, affective meaningand social meaning: all these have more in common with connotative meaning than with conceptual meaning, they all have the same open-ended, variable character. They can all be brought together under the heading of associative meaning.Connotative meaning refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning, or the mental content attached to the core meaning. These associations show people’s emotions and attitudes towards what the word refers to.Stylistic meaning Many words have stylistic features, which form the variation in meaning from casual to formal according to the type of situation, the addresser or person addressed, the location, the topic discussed, etc. These distinctive features form the stylistic meaning of words. In some dictionaries, these stylistic features are clearly marked as formal, informal, literary, archaic, slang and so on.Affective meaning reflects the speaker’s emotions, feelings and attitudes towards the person or thing in question. This meaning is often expressed in terms of the conceptual, connotative or stylistic content of the right word or by using proper intonation, tone of voice, and interjections.15.types of affective meaning:pejorative/derogatory; appreciative/commendatory16.How to express affective meaning? Explain with examples.The reflected meaning of a word is the total of all the other meanings a person thinks when hearing the word. The word has its suggestive power.Collocative meaning: Words may share the same meanings, but may be distinguished by the range of lexical terms they collocate with.Thematic meaning It is about what is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis.Analyzing meaning Meanings of words can be analyzed into a number of features or components, such approach is called componential analysis or semantic features analysis.17.English euphemisms formation1)Compounding, Clipping, Acronym: gents (gentlemen’s room)2) .backslang, respelling of initials, phonetic distortion: elly-bay (belly)3) . Borrowing, substitution of synonyms, use of fuzzy word: nude (naked)4) . Metaphor, understatement, periphrases, etc.: to sleep forever, adjustment downward, landscape architect, smelly18.Five major mechanisms in semantic changes语义转化Broadening/widening/extending/generalization of meaningNarrowing/restriction/reduction/specializationAmelioration/elevationPejoration/degradationTransfer of meaning19.The polysemy of the word一词多义a word having two or more closely relatedmeanings.20.Semantic relations语义关系Words do not exist in isolation. Their meanings are defined through their relations to other word, and it is through understanding these connections that we arrive at our understanding of words.A. Synonymy Words which have the same or nearly the same meanings as other words are called synonyms and the relationship between them is one of synonymy. Absolute and relative synonyms 绝对同义词和相对同义词B.Antonyms Words opposite in meaning are generally called antonyms. Gradable antonyms 层级反义词Complementary or contradictory antonym互补反义词Converse antonyms 逆行Three types of antonyms: gradable antonyms, complementary or contradictory antonyms, and converses.C. Hyponymy and meronymy 上下义关系和部分整体关系Hyponymy--the kind of’ relation The relation of hyponymy serves to structure large parts of a language’s vocabulary. The organization of a work like Roget’s Thesaurus suggests that it is perhaps an all-pervasive structuring relation.meronymy--the part of relation can similarly be represented by a hierarchy of superordinate and subordinate termsD. Homonymy 同形同音异义词Homonyms refer to words which are written in the same way and sound alike but which have different meanings. They can be classified into two categories: homographs and homophones.a. Homographs: 同形异义词words that have the same spelling but differ in sound and meaning.b. Homophones: 同音异义词words that have the same phonological form but differ in spelling and meaning.20.Semantic/lexical field:It is the organization of related words and expressions into a system which shows their relationship to one another.The semantic field arrangement brings together words that share the same semantic space. It is a record of the vocabulary resources available for an area of meaning, and it enables a user of the language to appreciate often elusive meaning differences between words.21.The major features of idioms1)Compositeness: 复合性idioms consist of more than one word; They are multiword lexical items as in bread and butter, spill the beans, let the cat out the bag, etc.2)Structural stability: 稳定性idioms are fixed collocations by long usage. Unlike free phrases, idioms are frozen and conventionalized collocations whose components cannot be varied or varied only within definable limits. 3)Semantic unity: 统一性idioms are semantically opaque. Unlike free phrase, the meaning of an idiom is not the sum of its constituents. In other words, the meaning of idiom is not transparent in most cases.Transformation/creativity in idiom: Replacement/substitution, addition, permutation, deletionThe application of idioms:Idioms from the speech of soldiers, every-day life of Englishmen, health, illness and death, business and the stock exchange, popular sports and games, books and stories22.Cohesive device 衔接手段(links in meaning) conjunction连词,substitution替代,ellipsis省略, reference指代, lexical cohesion词汇衔接Discourse is any passage spoken or written of whatever length that forms a unified corn. It may be a product of a single writer, speaker or several persons.23.词汇衔接手段reiteration（复现）and collocation(共现)Lexical cohesion refers to lexical items which work on the organization of coherent discourse. Under this heading includes a variety of kinds of semantic relationship that can exist between lexical items. Halliday and Hasan cluster them into two broad sub-classes: reiteration and collocation, which contribute to the creation and organization of discourse.Reiteration 复现or repetition is the occurrence of one or more items in a sentence that by themselves tell the reader or listener nothing new but reinstate some element(s) from the earlier sentences so that something new can be said about. As a form of lexical cohesion, reiteration involves the repetition of an identical lexical item, the use of a general word to refer to a lexical item, the use of a synonym or near-synonym, the use of superordinate, the use of hyponym, Equivalence 等价Naming 命名Semblance/Analogy 同义词/类比Metonymy 借喻etc. They serve to show the relatedness of ideas in the discourse.Collocation搭配is a cover term for the cohesion that results from the co-occurrence of lexical items that are in some way or other associated with one another, because they tend to occur in similar environment.24.General approaches to lexical learning in EFL1.) guessing/inferring from context2.)using mnemonic techniques3.) using word parts4.) learning from word cards5.) using dictionary25.Kinds of Context Clue Linguistic clues:cues based on knowledge of English language. e.g. synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, grammar, punctuations, word parts, pronunciation, intonation, stress, etc.Logical clues: cues based on relationships among the various parts of the information.e.g. cause and effect, comparison and contrast, generalization and examples,restatements, definitions, etc.World knowledge clues: cues based on the informant’s experience and knowledge of the topic.Non-verbal clues: cues based on tables, images, diagrams, etc.ing mnemonic techniques1) Repeating (verbal and oral): Repetition is the key to learning. Only by saying, writing, listening and using words again and again can one make them part of his active vocabulary.2) Linking with prior knowledge: Integrating the new word with the familiar one, connecting the new word with already known words through associating, semantic mapping and charting semantic features, etc.3) Forming word association: Getting words together on account of their semantic relations or logical connections. e.g. grass – green, school – students, hit – ball, swim – pool, apple – fruit, irritated – annoyed, dead – alive, baby – mother, etc.4) Building up semantic mapping: Brainstorming associations a word has with other words and then diagramming the results.27.What is lexical cohesion? What are the general features of it?Lexical cohesion refers to lexical items which work on the organization of coherent discourse. Cohesion means formal links between element links in form. There are 2 types of lexical cohesion,reiteration and collocation. As a form of lexical cohesion, reiteration involves the repetition of an identical lexical item, the use of a general word to refer to a lexical item, the use of a synonym or near-synonym, the use of superordinate, the use of hyponym. Collocation reflects rules of the conventions and co-occurence tendency in the use of word in discourse. Collocation is a cover term for the cohesion that results from the co-occurrence of lexical items that are in some way or other associated with one another, because they tend to occur in similar environment. For example, in a talk about football game, words like shoot, goalkeeper, penalty and kick are more likely to appear than other words in the talk.28.Learning from word cardsStep 1 Choosing words to learnSept 2 Making word cardsStep 3 Using the cardsing DictionariesWhat are the major purposes for dictionary use?Comprehension/ Look up unknown words met while listening, reading, or translating./ Confirm the meanings of partly known words./ Confirm guess from context./ Production/ Look up unknown words needed to speak, write, or translate. / Look up the spelling, pronunciation, meaning, grammar, constraints on use, collocations, inflections and derived forms of partly known words needed to speak, write or translate. /Confirm the spelling, pronunciation, meaning, etc. of known words. /Check that a word exists./Find a different word to use instead of a known one./Correct an error./Learning /Choose unknown words to learn./Enrich knowledgeof partly known words, including etymology.。

词汇学期末复习参考资料

UNIT1 A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLISH重点在于各阶段英语对现代英语的影响，历史部分不再赘述。

另：由于语音部分过于复杂，贴上传送门，有兴趣的同学自己研究。

按这里进入。

OLD ENGLISH发音和德语相近词汇复合法是重要的构词方法。

复合词在古英语词汇中占有显著的地位。

据统计，在史诗《贝奥武夫》3183行诗句中，竟有1069个复合词。

有些复合词中不重读部分，渐渐失去了独立地位，而演变成了词缀，如for-, in-, -ful 等派生法在古英语中也广泛使用。

共有二十四个名词后缀、十五个形容词后缀，-dom, -hood, -ship, -ness, -the, -ful,- ish 等词缀都可溯源到古英语时期。

古英语时期的诗歌有一种特殊的修辞手法，即头韵(alliteration)，由此产生的许多短语一直保留到现在，如night and main, friend or foe, a labour of love。

一批来自拉丁语和斯堪的纳维亚语的词汇进入英语。

语法古英语的名词有数和格的分别。

数分为单数、复数；格分为主格、所有格、与格、宾格。

因此一个名词加起来共有8种变化形式。

此外，名词还分阳性、中性和阴性。

但是比较奇怪的是，这些性的区分并不是以性别来判断的，而且没有性别的事物也未必是中性。

例如妇女就是阳性的。

形容词的形态变化分为强、弱两种，它的数和格也共有8种变化。

动词只有现在式和过去式两种时态变化。

MIDDLE ENGLISH发音依然和德语相近词汇中古英语吸收了大量法语的词汇，数目有几千之多。

此外，中古英语还吸收了拉丁语、佛兰芒语、荷兰语、低地德语的一些词汇。

同时，大量古英语的词汇由于不再使用而被淘汰。

语法中古英语的语法在形态变化方面发生了简化。

名词逐渐失去了古英语复杂的数和格的变化，简化成了单数和复数两种形式，复数以词尾-s表示。

形容词则简化成了没有任何变化的词类。

词在句子中的关系不再通过性、数、格的变化来表示，而是由词在句子中的位置来表示。

词汇学考试复习资料

词汇学考试复习资料说明：本次期末考试复习的重点仍然是书本以及书后的练习，请大家千万不要本末倒置，专门复习这份资料，那必将后悔。

书是重中之重，请大家务必切记第五、六、七、八章课后的练习大家要仔细做，最好全部梳理一遍第一次和第二次的模拟考试题大家要认真复习一遍，祝大家考试顺利。

以下是最后几章的模拟题（不提供答案，请大家查阅词典完成练习），出现在以下题卷中的就是需要复习的课外内容，没有出现的就是课内内容以及上课提醒过大家需要复习的填空或问答之类的部分，即需要大家自己认真复习的部分。

关于上次模拟题的答案将会附在最后。

1.Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English has divided English words into the 14 semanticfields as followed, please check the list of words and to recognize which field do they belong to?A: Life and Living ThingsB: The Body: its Funcyion and WelfareC: People and the FamilyD: Buildings, Houses, the Home, Clothes, Belongings, and Personal CareE: Food, Drink, and FarmingF: Feelings, Emotions, Attitudes, and SenstionsG: Thought and Communications, Language and Grammar H: Substances, Materials, Objects, and EquipmentI: Arts and Crafes, Science and Technology, Industry and EducationJ: Numbers, Measurement, Money and CommercecK: Entertainment, Sports, and CommerceL: Space and TimeM: Movement, Location, Travel and TransportN: General and Abstract Terms1.liking and not liking ( )2.travel and visiting ( )/doc/419388375.html,cation ( )4.disease and ailments ( )5.death and burial ( )6.fullness, heaviness, thickness, stiffness, roughness, etc ( )7.light and colour ( )8.animals / mammals ( )9.clothes and persomnal belongings ( )10.knowing and related activities ( )11.weapons ( )12.music and related activities ( )13.drinks ( )14.money ( )15.geography ( )16.shipping ( )17.fish, and other water creatures ( )18.fear and courage ( )19.farming ( )/doc/419388375.html,merce ( )2.将下列表示“闪光”的词填入句子Coruscate, dazzle, flash, gleam, glint, glisten, glow, scintillate, shine, twinle1. The torch_____________2. the labtern _____________________3. the wet road ___________4. the gun-barrel ___________________5. the headlights __________6. the sparks ___________________________7. the gems _______________ 8. the sun _________________________9. Embers ________________ 10. stars ______________________3.将下列二十个词分成十组反义词Accept, ebb, famous, defeat, forbid, frugal, guilty, innocent, maximum, merit, minimum, motion,. Obscure, permit, reject, rest, violate, wasteful1._______________________________2.____________________________________3._______________________________4.____________________________________5._______________________________6.______________________________________7._______________________________8._______________________________________9._______________________________10._______________________________________4.将下列矛盾修饰语译成汉语1. old news2. student teacher3. light heavyweight4. standard deviation5. civil war6. peace offensive7. growing small 8. conspicuously absent 9. negative growth10. mobile home 11. half naked 12. open secret13. loose tights 14. tight slacks 15. awful good16. spendthrift 17. proud humility 18. same difference19. sight unseen 20. darkness visible5.请熟悉以下缩略词的相关翻译，全称等信息IOC CIS EEC OAU UN OPEC ISBNGA TT GEM GMT CD CAD MTV IDDTB H-Bomb DNA AP UPI AFP DPAUSIS ANSA MENA ABC NBC SHAPE VeraHB WBD NHK NANA BAR AIM BADGECAR DOP CORE MAP NATO SALTUFO MOUSE TOFEL GRE MOSS SEATO等等，缩略词请大家多留意，多搜集，多复习！附：模拟测试答案用够定前缀in-（及其变体），non-,un-构成下列单词的反义词10%1. mature2. regular3. considerence4. noble5. contentious6. legitimate7. metal8. passive9. ferrous 10. accuracy11.endurable 12. variance 13. inductive 14. legible 15. resonable16.national 17. scrupulous 18.staple 19. balance 20. legalize答案略写出下列单词中前缀的意义（用英语解释）10%1. ante cedent2. by product3. a pocope4. en close5. en dobiotic6. epi taph7. ex pire8. fore tell9. hypo crite 10. in clude11. over work 12. intra mutual 13. pro ceed 14. sub scribe 15. pre cede16. post graduate 17. trans mit 18. super man 19. out bid 20. inter cede答案：1. before2. near3. off4. in5. inside6. outside7. out8. before9. beneath 10. in11. beyond 12. within 13.forward 14. below 15. before16. after 17. across 18. above 19. exceeding 20. between找出下列句子中由形容词转化的动词10%1.Calming down, I convinced myself this was something that had to happen once in a lifetime.2.Such was Ponpeii on its last day. And so it is to-day, now that the volcanic ash has beencleared away.3.Houses and clothes must be cleaned more frequetly.4.In the 19th and 20th centuries, the chemical industry turned out many new products which,saysLucky Kavaler in her book Dangerous Air, “helped raise the standard of living and lower the standard of air.”5.Born in 1857, in Uln, Germany, Einstein was two years old when his parents moved toMunich. There his father opened a business in electrical supplies.6.The Acadamy of Science was closed to him; his house was searched for weapons; he lostprofessorship; all his property was seized; and finally his German citizenship was taken awar.7.When the ooil is heated, the first vapours to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol.8.He emptied out all his pockets onto the table.9.Part of the old wall fell on the workman, and it took half of an hour to free him.10.The wet clothes will soon dry in the sun.答案：1. calm2. clear3. clean4. lower5. open6. close7. cool 8. empty 9. free 10. dry写出下列报刊标题中使用的截短词的全称10%/doc/419388375.html, auto workers end strike.2.Soviet sub off Japen.3.Palestinian demos mark massacres./doc/419388375.html,: first use of nuke weapons not unlawful.5.Viet troops suffer setback in Kampuchea.6.Iran asks for info on stolen gems.7.Petrochemical Corp builds 42 banks.8.Rural-credit co-ops to get more autonomy.9.W Europe acts to meet high-tech challenge.10.Setback for governing parties in Euro vote.答案：1. automobile2. submarine3. demonstrations4. nuclear5. Vietnamese6. information7. corporation8. cooperatives9. high-technology 10. European写出下列拼缀词是由什么连接而成10%1. screamager2. bus-napper3. keytainer4. needcessity5. alphamerical6. automania7. chunnel8. daymare9. Medicare 10. spam答案：1. screaming teenager2. bus kidnapper3. key contqainer4. need-necessity5. alphabetic-numerical6. automobile mania7. channel tunnel8. day nightmare9. medical care 10. spiced ham。

词汇学期末复习题(附参考答案)

名词解释（10选5，一个4分）词=The minimal free form of a language, which has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.词根=The basic unchangeable part of a word, and covers the main lexical meaning of the word.词缀=Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function.一词多义=Polysemy means that one single word has two or more senses at the same time.同形异义=Homonyms are different words with the same form (spelling or pronunciation)完全同形异义=Perfect homonyms are different words identical both in sound and spelling, though different in meaning.同音异形异义=Homophones are different words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning.同形异音异义=Homographs are different words identical in spelling, but different in sound or meaning.同义关系=Synonymy is a relationship of “sameness of meaning” that may hold between two words.反义关系=Antonymy is a relationship of “meaning opposition” that may hold between two words.上下义关系=Hyponymy is the sense relationship that relates words hierarchically. The underlying observation is that some words have a more general meaning, while others have a more specific meaning, while referring to the same entity.问答题（6选3，一题10分）1.(1)What does onomatopoetic motivation mean?(2)What does semantic motivation mean?(3)Dose it contradict the statement that there is no naturalconnection between sound and meaning?Answer:(1)Onomatopoeic motivation means defining the principle ofmotivation by sound.(2)Semantic motivation means that motivation is based onsemantic factors.(3)Facts have proved this argument to be valid. Words thatconvey the same meaning have different phonological forms in different languages – (for example, English meat / mi:t /,Chinese ròu. Alternatively, the same phonological forms may convey different meanings - for example, sight, site, cite.)2.How many kinds of meaning are there in English?Answer: There are 8 kinds of meaning in English, including grammatical meaning, lexical meaning, denotative meaning, associative meaning, connotative meaning, social (stylistic) meaning, affective meaning, collocative meaning.3.(1)What is context?(2)What role dose context play in linguistic communication?（以下答案摘自网络，回答稍冗长，请适当精简）Answer:(1)Context in its traditional sense refers to the lexical items thatprecede or follow a given word. And there is linguistic context, refers to the words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, or whole books in which a word appears. And extra-linguistic context, which refers to a particular time, space, or culture in which a word appears. There also is lexical context: the lexemes that co-occur with the word in question. The meaning of the word is affected or determined by the neighboring lexemes.(2)Context can function as followed: eliminating ambiguity;conveying emotional overtones; indicating referents and the range of the meaning of a word.4.5.(1)What are the major types of synonymy?(2)(3)Explain those types with examples.Answer:(1)In general, English synonyms can be divided into two types:complete synonyms and relative synonyms.(2)Absolute synonyms are words whose meaning is fullyidentical in any context so that one can always be substituted for the other without the slightest change in meaning. For example: （例子自己找）(3)Relative synonyms refers to which denote different shades ofmeaning or different degrees of a given quality. This kinds of synonyms are the same in some degree such as （例子自己找）6.(1)What are the major types of antonymy?(2)(3)(4)(5)Explain those types with examples.Answer:(1)There are four types of antonymy, including complementaries,gradable antonyms, relational opposites and semantic incompatibles(2)Complementaries refer to pairs of words that represent aneither/or relation. （例子找书去）(3)Antonyms of this type are best viewed in terms of a scalerunning between two poles or extremes. The two opposites are gradable. （例子找书去）(4)The substitution of one member for the other does not changethe meaning of a sentence if it is accompanied by the change of subject and object. （例子找书去）(5) The words in a group of semantic incompatibles are incontrast to the other members of the group, showing a contrastingness relationship between word and word （例子找书去）7.What are the possible causes of language change?(由于网上答案太泛，思路混乱，因此直接将课本原话翻译过来作为答案。

词汇学期末复习各章知识点

Chapter one The basic concepts of words and vocabulary1.1 The definition of a word（1）一个最小的自由形态（2）一个发音的集合体（3）一个意义单位（4）能独自影响句子的形式因此，我们能说“词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。

”1.2 vocabularyAll the words in a language make up its vocabulary. The general estimate of the English vocabulary is over one million words.1.3Sound and meaning词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。

每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。

这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系。

”1.4 sound and form在古英语中，口语比今天更忠实地代表书面语，但随着语言的发展，越来越多的不同出现在口语和书面语之间。

有以下几点原因：1.内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。

2.另一个原因是发音比拼写的变化快，在一些时候还拉开了距离。

在最近五百年里，尽管口语发音已经出现了显著的变化，却没有相应的拼写变化。

Another reason for this is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart.3.第三个原因是一些早期的书写员发明了一些不同Those scribes had made some change to the word spelling4.到1500年年末，印刷已经变得非常普及。

英语词汇学期末复习资料

1、选择题（2 ×15=30）2、填空题（2×5=10 ）3、搭配题(1×10=10)4、名词解释题(4×5=20)5、问题回答(5×3=15)6、论述题(第39题7分，第40题8分)选择题：1. Which of the following is an initialism ? D. UN2. The following are all nominal suffixes EXCEPT A. –ful .3．Both English and B. Danish belong to the Germantic branch of the Indo-European language family.4.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatik relationships are known as C. inflectional morphemes.5.Motiation accounts for the connection between word-form and C.its meaning.6.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and C.homonymy.7.Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as B .derivational affixes.8.The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the A.illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in rain cats and dogs.ually a small number of languages have been designated official languages for an organization’s activities ,for example, the UN was established with five official languages English, French, A.Spanish Russian, and Chinese.中英俄法西填空题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions1.affixation Is the formation of new words by adding prefixes tobases.2.Back-formation Is considered to br opposite process suffixation it isthe method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. 3.Isolating language is a language in which each word form consiststypically of a singe morpheme .4.When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclearcontext.it creates ambiguity .5.Almost all affixes are bound morphemes because few as independentwords.搭配题Ⅲ. Match the terms in Column A with definitions in Column B.A B1. geomorphic earthlike2. zooid resembling an animal3. geochronology time measurements from earth data4.technocracy government by craftsmen5.petrographic caring on a rock6.polymorph having many shapes7.phonography recording of sound8.phytogenesis development of plants9.synergy working together10.geocentric earth-centered11.magnanimous宽宏大量的12.penology刑罚学13.inculpable无辜的；无可非议的14.revitalize bring to the life15.cosmonaut sailor of the universe16.enervate reduce mental vigor17.herbicide plant killer18subterranean地下的;秘密的;隐蔽的;地下工作者19.deviate move from the road20.semilunar crescent -shaped名词解释题Ⅳ. Define the following terms.unity;a unit of meaning;a form that can function in a sentenceis the minimal meaningful units of which the language is composed.functioning both grammatically ad semantically as a single word. Semantic motivation: refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.Extra-linguistic context: may extend to embrace the entire cultural background, which may also affect the meaning of words. Prefixation: the formation of new words by adding prefixes to bases Affixation: the formation of new words by adding word-forming affixes to bases.Sematic change: means an old form, which takes on a new meaning to met the new need.Conceptual meaning: is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word meaning.Acronymy: is the process of forming new words by pointing the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.Homonymy: are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.Dictionary: a book which presents in alphabetic order the words of the language ,with information as to its spelling, pronunciation , meaning and its etymology.问题回答Ⅴ. Answer the following questions，write your answers on the answer sheet.2. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point?Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation,it’s the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases. For example:Inform-imforant donation-donate enthusiasm-enthuse3.What are the three types of antonyms ,give examples to illustrate them respectively?Complementary: dead-alive present-absent male-female Contrary: poor-rich good-bad cold-hotConverse: parent-child husband-wife employer-employee5.What are three areas to account for the difference between synonyms? illustrate your points?Different in denotation符号,connotation含义,application应用6.What are the major differences between basic word stock基本词汇and nonbasic非基本vocabulary?(1)basic word stock possesses five obvious characteristics,butnonbasic vocabulary doesn’t(2)basic word stock forms the common,core核心of thelanguage,however,nonbasic vocabulary doesn’t belong to the common ore of the language.7.How many means of word formation and what they are?3 Major processesAffixation（派生）Compounding（合成）Conversion（转化）8 Minor processes :Acronym(首字母缩略词）Blending（混合）Clipping（截短法）Words from proper names(专有名词来源）Back formation（逆构法）Reduplication（复制）Neo-classical Formation （新古典词构成法）Miscellaneous（混杂法）8.what are the difference between word and vocabulary?(1)word can be defined as a meaningful group of letters printed orwritten horizontally across水平穿越a piece of paper.(2)vocabulary is most commonly used to refer to the sum total of总计all the words of a language.9.What is collocative meaning? give one example to illustrate your po int? Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation.In other words,it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or fter the word in discussion.For example,Handsome(boy/car/man )论述题Ⅵ. Analyze and comment on the following questions，write your answers on the answer .1.Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.1Destructive 2antibiotic 3composition 4unbearable 5international 6ex-prisoner1 de+struct+tive2 anti+bio+tic3 com+po+si+tion4 un+bear+able5 inter+bation+nal6 ex+prison+erment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.a.the man said he would come to our school next week.b.the visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.3.Collocation can affect the meaning of words .Comment on the statement with your own words.Collocation refers to the words before or after the word in discussion, and collocative meaning consists of the associations the word acquires in its collocation.4.the ‘pen ‘ is mightier than the ‘sword’ .explain what ‘pen’ and ‘sword’mean respectively using the theory of motivation.‘pen’reminds one of the tool to write with,thus suggesting writing;‘sword’ reminds one of the weapon to fight with,thus suggestion war.Chapter 11、It is generally known that The Anglo-Saxon invasion ,the Scandinavian invasion and the Norman Conquest were three of the most important landmarks in the history of the English people as well as in the history of the English language.2、The English vocabulary can be classified by different criteria, according to the level of notion, English can be classified as full word实词and form word虚词.3、What are the four points does the definition of a word cover? minimal free form of a languagea sound unitya unit of meaninga form that can function alone in a sentencechapter2----It is estimated that there are about _5000___ languages all over the world, which can be grouped into about __25__ language families, such as Sino-Tibetan Family, Indo-European Family, Altaic Family阿尔泰语系(包括土耳其语、维吾尔语、蒙古语、满语等语言) and so on.---Q：What languages does Indo-European family host？The Indo-European Family hosts most languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.----How many groups can Indo-European family be divided into according to the linguists？Linguists have divided the Indo-European languages into Eastern sets （groups）and Western sets（groups）.-----Q：Generally，How many stages can the development of English vocabulary be divided into？What are they？Old EnglishMiddle EnglishModern EnglishEarly modern EnglishLate modern EnglishThe period from 450 to 1100 is known as the Old English period or the Anglo-Saxon period.West Germanic dialects spoken by the invaders, as the original inhabitants (the Celts) were killed, were relocated, or adopted the language of the now dominant society.----Roughly speaking, the tribes that settled in Britain comprise three groups:the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes.---Norman conquest resulted in a massive borrowing of French words into English vocabulary.--What is the second result of Norman conquest?The Norman dialect of French became the language of the upper class, while English completely lost its scholarly and literary importance, and was used only by the peasants and people of the working class.---Q：What languages contributed to the vocabulary of modern English？What characteristics do those languages have？Latin and Greek，the former language were mostly connected with science and abstract ideas，while the latter were mostly literary，technical and scientific words.---Q：What are the reasons for the frequent appearance of neologisms?1、The rapid development of modern science and technology.2 、Social，economic，and political changes.3、The influence of other cultures and languages.1、The Angles lent their name to the language—English, and to the land —England.Chapter3Q1：What is the morpheme according to Engene Nida？The minimal meaningful units of which the language is composed.In other words，the morpheme is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.Can you figure out three basic elements of morphemes？1、the smallest meaningful unit2、not divisible nor analyzable3、sound and meaningIs it a root, a stem, or base?desirable (adj.):不是词根(可再分解);不是词干(不可以加屈折词缀),是词基(既可以加词缀,又能再分解下去).一、Fill in the missing words.1. A minimum meaningful unit of a language is morpheme.2. The part carrying the basic meaning of a word is called root.二、What do the following words have in common? Can you guess out what the meaning of them is respectively?vitamin, vital, vivid, survive, revive.Chapter4Types of Motivation:1）Phonetic motivation（onomatopoeic）拟声，hiss by snakes2）Morphological motivation(derivation, compounding, conversion)形态学3）Semantic motivation（Metaphor，Metonymy，Synecdoche，Analogy）语义，a stony heart铁石心肠4）Etymological motivation词源Main types of word meaning1）Grammatical meaning2）Lexical meaning3）Conceptual meaning (Denotative meaning)4）Associative meaning（1）Connotative meaning（2）Stylistic meaning（3）Affective meaning（4）Collocative meaningWord-formation:Affixation/Derivation（派生）Compounding（合成）Conversion（转化）Chapte4.22、Besides conventionality, As for motivation, how many types of motivation are there, and what are they?Onomatopoeic motivationMorphological motivationSemantic motivationEtymological motivationChapter 61.Types of changes: Extension /Narrowing / Elevation / DegradationChapter7Meaning and context1. Two types of contexts: Linguistic context / Extra-linguistic context2. The vital role of context in determination of word meaning?Eliminating ambiguities /Conveying emotional overtonesChapter 8English Dictionary1) According to James Root Hulbert, English dictionary-making began in Anglo-Saxon times.2) The first dictionaries in England were printed in Latin.3) Cockeram’s book was the first in English to use the word dictionary in the titleFirst English dictionaries published:1) Robert Caswdrey’s Table Alphabetical of Hard Words(1604)2) John Bollokar’s An English Expositor(1616)3) Henry Cockeram’s The English Dictionary(1623)。

(完整word版)英语词汇学复习(word文档良心出品)

英语词汇学复习的内容：一、考试题形式分为：Ⅰ.选择题(20分)：完全是考书中的理论与例子的结合,即知识点等。

1-9cahptersⅡ.填空（30分）：考定义概念。

1-10chaptersⅢ.（20分）习语英译汉：教材中汉语部分idioms: 习语的特点Ⅳ.(10分) 论述题：第三章为主Ⅴ. 树形图（依据上下义关系作图）(20分)：第二、六章二、教材内容简介三、复习内容Introduction 部分Lexicology 这门课算哪一种学科的分支: Lexicology is a branch of linguistics. Lexicology和那些重要的学科建立了联系: 1)Morphology 2) Semantics 3) Stylistics 4) Etymology 5) Lexicography研究lexicology 的两大方法:1) Diachronic approach : 历时语言学2) Synchronic approach : 共时语言学e.g. wife 纵观历时语言学的方法论，woman 词义的变化算是词义变化的哪一种模式？Woman 的词义的变化是Narrowing or specialization第一章词的概述；1.识记：词的定义2.声音与意义3.声音与拼写4.词汇5.词汇的分类What is word ?词具有哪些特点？词的特点也就是对词的名词解释。

1) A word is a minimal free form of a language;2) A sound unity or a given sound ;3) a unit of meaning;4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.以上词的四个特点也就是词的名词解释词的分类（classification of a word）词根据发音可以分为哪两种词？或者说词根据拼写可以分为哪两类词？1) simple words 2) complex words单音节词例子：e.g. Man and fine are simple多音节词例子：e.g. Management, misfortune, blackmailmanagement 可以次划分为manage 和-mentmisfortune 可以次划分为mis- 和fortuneblackmail 次划分为black 和mailWhat is the relationship between sound and meaning?1)There is ‘no logical relationship between the sound and actual thing.e.g. dog. cat2)The relationship between them is conventional.3) In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds. What is relationship between sound and form?1)The written form of a natural language is the written record of the oral form. Naturally the written form should agree with the oral form, such as English language.2)This is fairly true of English in its earliest stage i.e. Old English3)With the development of the language, more and more differences occur between the two.What are the great changes that causes illogical relationship or irregularity between sound and form?1) The internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language so that some letters must do double duty or work together in combination.2) Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart.3) A third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes.4) Finally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary.要记住以上四句话中的关键词：1) influenced by Romans2) Pronunciation changed3) early scribes4) borrowing你能不能举出外来语对英语发音,拼写造成不一致的例子有哪些？e.g. stimulus (L) ,fiesta (Sp) ,eureka (Gr), kimono (Jap)外来语对英语造成的最大的影响就是‘sound and form ’不一致。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

Chapter 1Lexicology 词汇学Context 语境Pragmatics 语用学Phoneme 音素Morpheme 词素Semantic fields 语义场Lexicology: is the study of the vocabulary or lexicon of a given language.Morphology 形态学Semantics 语义学Etymology 词源学Lexicography 词典学Morphology is the study of the forms of words and their components, is to look at morphemes and their arrangements in word formation.构词法Morphemes: the smallest meaningful units which may constitute words or parts of words.最小的、有意义的构词单位Semantics: is often defined as the study of meaning.Etymology: is the study of the whole history of words.Lexicography: is closely related to the words in a given language.What is a word?Word：is used traditionally to refer to a sequence of letters bounded by spaces.以空格为界的字母序列Word: an uninterruptible unit of structure consisting of one or more morphemes.由一个或多个词素组成的不可分离的结构单元Word: is viewed as a minimal free form which can occur in isolation and have meaning but which cannot be analyzed into elements which can occur alone and also have meaning. （除复合词）最小的、有意义的、可独立存在的、不可分离的语言单位Major features of wordsA word is a sound or combination of sounds which we make voluntarily with our vocal equipment.任意的、发声器官Pitch 音高Juncture 停顿A word is symbolic and is used to stand for something else.The word is uninterruptible unitA word has to do with its social functionalA word may consist of one or more morphemesWords are part of the large communication system we call language.A word occurs typically in the structure of phrasesA word receives some of its meaning as it fills the grammatical slot in a sentence.Syntax: 句法学Discourse analysis: 语篇分析Word classesClosed classes: preposition pronoun determiner conjunction auxiliary verb封闭词类:介词代词限定词连词助动词Open classes: noun adjective verb adverb开放词类：名词形容词动词副词Lexical words(词汇词)= form open classesGrammatical words(语法词)=closed classes and so onInflectional words(8): 名词复数、所有格，动词三单、过去式、过去分词、现在分词，形容词的比较级、最高级。

Derivational words: 前缀、后缀简单词simple words复合词compound words复杂词complex words(加词缀)Semantic field：as a named area of meaning in which lexemes interrelate and define each other in specific ways.词位相互关联，并以特定的方式相互定义（若干词的共同的或者相关的词义聚合体）语义场是在同一个语义系统中，在共时条件下，若干个具有共同义素的义位聚合起来的聚合体Componential analysis: 成分分析Chapter 2Morpheme lexeme morph root stem base polysemy homonymy词素、词位、形素、词根、词干、词基一词多义同形同音异义MorphemesThe most elemental grammatical units in a language最基本的语法单位The ultimate grammatical constitutes, the s mallest meaningful units of language.Lexeme 词位A unit of lexical meaning, which exists regardless of any inflectional endings it may have or the number of words it may contain.An abstract linguistic unit with different variants.Morph 形素Any concrete realization of a morpheme in a given utterance is called a morph.Morphs which are different representations of the same morpheme are referred to as allomorphs of that morpheme.Allomorphs 词素变体同一个词素的不同形式Types of morphemesBound morphemes: must be joined to other morphemes (may be prefixes or suffixes)粘着词素Free morphemes：need not be attached to other morphemes and can occur by themselves as individual words.自由词素Derivational morphemes: rules are lexical rules of word formation (构词)派生词素附着于其他词素可派生出新词1.changes meaning or part of speech of the stem (like-dislike sleep-asleep)2.indicates semantic relations within the word (lexical meaning)Inflectional morphemes: are closely related to the rules of syntax(句法)屈折词素作为语法标记词表词的语法意义，屈折词素只限于词缀，且大都是粘着词素1.doesn’t change meaning of part of speech of the stem(work-works)2.indicates syntactic relations between different words in a sentence (grammatical meaning)词义关系Two different types of relationship that exist between words and sensesDenotation and Reference指示关系与所指关系/泛指与特指Denotation: the relationship that holds between that lexeme and persons, things, places, properties, processes and activities external to the language system.词位与语言系统外部的，人、物、地点、性质、过程和活动之间的关系Reference: the relationship of reference holds between an expression and what that expression stands for on particular occasions of its utterance.取决于具体的话语而非抽象的句子Sense: a relationship between the words or expressions of a single languageA word may have sense but have no denotationSeven types of meaningConceptual meaning 概念意义Which is sometimes called denotative or cognitive meaning, refers to meanings as presentedin a dictionary.Connotative meaning 内涵意义The communicative value of an expression by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content.一种表达的交际价值，它超越了单纯的概念性意旨内涵意义是不确定和开放的，指涉物的任何特征都可能有助于表达它的内涵意义。

英语词汇学期末复习

词汇学复习资料

英语词汇学知识点整理

词汇学期末复习资料

词汇学 期末考试复习资料

词汇学期末考试题及答案

64曲阜师范大学2020年成人高等教育 《英语词汇学 》复习资料 期末考试试题及参考答案

最新词汇学期末复习题及答案

《英语词汇学》期末考试复习题

词汇学期末考试复习资料

词汇学期末考试题及答案

英语词汇学期末考试复习资料(精品文档).docx

英语词汇学期末考试复习资料

词汇学期末复习参考资料

词汇学考试复习资料

词汇学期末复习题(附参考答案)

词汇学期末复习各章知识点

英语词汇学期末复习资料

(完整word版)英语词汇学复习(word文档良心出品)

词汇学期末考试复习资料

64曲阜师范大学2020年成人高等教育《英语词汇学》复习资料期末考试试题及参考答案