基于PLC对龙门刨床的电气改造毕业设计论文

基于PLC对龙门刨床的电气改造

摘要龙门刨床主要用来加工大型工件的各种平面、斜面、凹槽等，特别适应于加工大型的、狭长的机械零件，是常见的大型机械加工设备。传统的龙门刨床的主拖动采用电机扩大机-发电机-电动机（A-G-M）调速系统，电控部分采用继电器逻辑控制，线路复杂，故障率高，检修、维修困难。

本论文根据B2010A型3m龙门刨床的工艺对控制系统的要求，对电气控制系统进行总体的设计。主拖动采用调速范围宽、节能效果显著的变频器，用PLC取代传统继电器控制方式，实现开关量逻辑控制和变频电动机的转速控制，充分发挥PLC可靠性高、功耗低、维修方便等优势，对龙门刨床进行电气改造，以达到投资小、改造周期短、降低能量损耗等目的，弥补继电器控制方式的不足和缺点，以提高龙门刨床的生产效率，满足加工工艺的要求。

通过对B2010A龙门刨床进行PLC电气改造设计，大大提高了刨床的效率和加工精度，加强了刨床的可靠性和稳定性。

关键词可编程序控制器，龙门刨床，变频器，电气改造

ABSTRACT

Double housing planer is a common huge machine tool, which mainly used in processing huge workpieces, various plane, bevel face, notch, etc, especially adapts to process huge and long and narrow machine spare part. The main drive of the traditional planer utilizes amplidyne-generator-electromotor drive which

is noisy, energy-consuming room-taking. Relay logic control is used in traditional planer, and its circuitry is complicated, so the malfunction rate is high, and it is difficult to find out the malfunction.

The dissertation designs an outline of the electric control system based on the requirement of the technology of the B2010A planer for the control system. The main drive of the planer’s converter, for it has a wide speed regulation range and well effect in saving energy. The planer utilizes PLC instead of the traditional relay controlling way to achieve the logical control, and to control the speed of converter motor. Giving full play to PLC ability of the advantage of high reliability, low energy consumption and convenient maintenance. Transforming electric of the planer to achieve small investment, short transformation cycle and reduced energy consumption, make up the disadvantage and weakness of relay controlling way to improve productivity of the planer, and to sactisfy the need of processing workpieces.

After the electrical rebuilding and improvement with PLC of B2010A frame planer, the efficiency and processing accuracy are greatly improved and the reliability and stability of the planer is enhanced.

Key Words: PLC, Frame planer, Frequency Converter, Electrical rebuilding

目录

1. 绪论 (4)

1.1 课题的研究背景及意义 (4)

1.2 课题的提出 (4)

1.3 PLC与继电器控制系统的比较 (5)

1.4 龙门刨床控制系统的发展 (6)

1.5 论文的主要工作 (7)

2. 龙门刨床的结构及电气分析 (7)

2.1 刨床的作用及分类 (7)

2.2 龙门刨床的结构 (8)

2.3 龙门刨床的加工工艺特点 (9)

2.4 龙门刨床的工艺流程对控制系统的要求 (9)

3. 龙门刨床的主回路设计及变频器的选择 (11)

3.1 龙门刨床电力拖动系统主回路设计 (11)

3.2 主拖动电机的选型 (12)

3.3 变频器的选择 (13)

3.3.1 调速系统简述 (13)

3.3.2 变频器选型 (14)

3.3.3 主拖动与变频器的连接 (14)

3.3.4 变频器的基本运行配线图 (16)

4. PLC的选型及控制接线 (17)

4.1 龙门刨床PLC控制系统构成 (17)