苔丝性格特征及其形成原因
苔丝悲剧的原因范文
苔丝悲剧的原因范文
首先，苔丝悲剧的背景是维多利亚时代的英国社会。
维多利亚时代是一个道德伦理观念极为保守的时期，对于婚姻、家庭、社会地位等问题极为重视。
在这样的时代背景下，苔丝身为一个贫穷的女孩，面对着社会的种种不公平和道德束缚，注定了她将承受苦难和悲剧的命运。
其次，苔丝的性格和个人经历也是导致她悲剧的重要原因之一、苔丝是一个天真无邪、纯真善良的女孩，她对世界充满了美好的幻想和向往。
然而，她的天真与世俗冲突，导致了她在社会中的不幸遭遇。
她被父亲卖给了一个无情的富商作为情妇，又因为父亲的丧失而被迫离开家乡，到伦敦谋生，最后被一个富有的绅士伪装成婚礼的仪式诱骗，并因为毫不知情地嫁给了自己的堂兄，加上倒霉被死去的父亲知道真相，还是被富士宫感化，最终导致了自己的悲剧。
此外，苔丝在这个时代所处的社会地位也成为她悲剧的重要原因。
作为一个贫穷的女孩，苔丝无法通过自己的努力改变命运，也无法摆脱社会的束缚和限制。
她在婚姻和家庭问题上，被迫依靠男性来选择和决定自己的命运，她无法自主地追求自己的幸福。
而当她意欲打破这种束缚，追求自由和真爱时，却被社会所否定和谴责，最终导致了悲剧的结局。
苔丝悲剧命运之主观因素
苔丝悲剧命运之主观因素作者：司小红来源：《成才之路》 2014年第9期甘肃通渭●司小红摘要：《苔丝》是19世纪英国作家哈代的一部批判现实主义的优秀作品。
作者成功地塑造了苔丝这一人物形象，她的悲剧命运既有社会因素，也有人物的主观因素。
教师主要从主观方面研究苔丝悲剧命运的成因。
关键词：苔丝；悲剧命运；主观因素苔丝悲剧命运形成的主观因素既有她的性格因素，也有情感因素。
笔者试就这两个方面进行论述。
一、性格因素苔丝的善良、保守的性格以及苔丝的软弱性是造成苔丝悲剧的主要因素：（1）软弱性。
在苔丝勇敢地同命运挑战的同时，也有她软弱性的一面。
在苔丝的一生中有许多方面都体现着她的心理决定论思想，这无时不反映着其软弱性的一面。
小说中，苔丝赶着马车到市场去，在途中同她的弟弟亚伯谈话时说，他们住在一个有病的世界上。
苔丝自认为发生在自己身上的一切不幸冥冥之中都是不可抗拒的命运使然。
后来她把自己的失贞归咎于出身，看作是自己的罪孽。
这种认识长期折磨着她，压抑得喘不过气来，并且她认为自己“跟那个比她平庸，被安琪儿蔑视的伙伴比起来，可差得远了”。
这种心理决定论让她产生了一种同命运挑战失败后的负罪感。
（2）单纯性。
苔丝继承了母亲漂亮和早熟，吸引了亚力克。
而苔丝的单纯使她没有认识到亚历克的本性，以致在和亚历克发生性关系时，苔丝没有进行激烈的反抗。
苔丝的单纯和无意识让自己内心的原始欲望占了主导，发生了一场双方道德的“沦陷”。
哈代这样描写环境：“树上栖息着轻柔的小鸟”“他们四周，一只只野兔在偷偷的蹦来蹦去”。
和谐平静的环境，甚至有些暧昧的氛围，可见苔丝的单纯让原始欲望默许了与亚历克发生性关系。
后来，经亚历克百般纠缠，苔丝说：“你的用意是善良的，我都感激，要是你别有用心，我就生气，我有时候也弄不清你的用意。
”在矛盾纠结中，她又与亚历克同居。
当回心转意的安琪儿出现后，单纯的苔丝悔恨交加，怒不可遏地缔造了自己的悲剧！如果把苔丝的失贞归咎于她的纯洁、不谙世事，那么她遭受安琪儿的遗弃不能不说与她一点关系都没有。
试论苔丝悲剧的成因 2
苔丝悲剧的成因：在19世纪末20世纪初的英国作家中。
托马斯·哈代是一位“在历史与未来交叉点上的文学家”。
而《苔丝》是托马斯·哈代最著名的小说之一。
故事讲述的是农家姑娘苔丝为帮助家庭摆脱经济困难而外出做工的不幸遭遇和悲剧。
我们通常可以从三个角度品味悲剧：社会的悲剧、性格的悲剧和宿命的悲剧。
而苔丝的悲剧就包含这三种形式的悲剧。
一、时代社会的悲剧1．苔丝的悲剧是一个社会悲剧。
社会悲剧是人同环境的冲突造成的。
苔丝生活在19世纪80年代。
资本主义开始侵人家长统治下的英国农村，小农经济开始一步步走向崩溃，造成个体农民的破产。
农民为了生存，不得不向工人转化。
苔丝作为一个贫苦农民的女儿，而后又作为一个雇佣劳动者，其命运必然是悲惨的。
苔丝的祖上原本是贵族，后来衰败了。
苔丝家里的老马被撞死后，他们一家就破产了，失去了赖以生存的经济基础，苔丝不得不去投靠假冒的本家，在杜伯维尔家养鸡，这个重要的转折不仅使她失去了童贞，更使她成了一个靠出卖自己劳力赚钱生活的农业工人。
离开杜伯维尔家后，为了生活，苔丝又去了奶牛场做了一名挤奶女工。
包括后来种萝卜时被残忍地剥削和压迫都足以看出农民阶级已经向无产阶级转变了。
面对整个家庭的饥饿和死亡．苔丝在生存的压力、家人的哀求与阿历克的利诱下，最终被逼无奈，重投阿历克的怀抱。
正是这一行为，使苔丝失去了可能获得幸福的最后机会。
2.以阿历克和克莱尔为代表的不同性质的社会势力导致了苔丝的悲剧。
阿历克作为作品中的反面人物是邪恶的代表。
为了得到苔丝，他以他母亲的名义写信欺骗苔丝为他工作并利用一切机会接近并占有苔丝。
就是这样一个荒淫好色的恶魔后来居然变成了一个劝人行善的牧师，这更加体现了阿历克所代表的宗教势力的伪善。
而克莱尔在作品中是资产阶级虚伪道德的体现者，在他身上既有一定的开明思想也保留着传统的道德偏见。
他虽出身牧师家庭却不愿当牧师为上帝服务而愿意务农为人类服务。
他鄙视阶级偏见、等级观念，厌弃都市繁华的生活而到农村和农工一样从事繁重的体力劳动!在恋爱问题上他温文尔雅、严肃认真，这说明他是当时具有自由思想的资产阶级知识分子。
《德伯家的苔丝》悲剧成因探析
《德伯家的苔丝》悲剧成因探析背景简介德伯家的苔丝可以看作是最伟大的悲剧之一在英国文学史上的散文。
尽管哈代的小说主要写威塞克斯共同国家的人，是英国东南部，他的悲剧显示类似于我们在希腊悲剧和他的坟墓和精致的风格展示了生命的悲剧意识所发现的崇高和尊严。
他巨大的力量与古典悲剧相媲美，这是一种巨大的力量。
苔丝是一个贫穷的农民女孩，她想依靠自己的双手来追求个人幸福，但社会力量却不能让一个柔弱的女孩，最终导致了她的悲剧。
在这部小说中，强烈的反宗教、蚂蚁的封建道德、反资产阶级的法律倾向，虽然在英国上流社会遇到了反对，受到了共同的读者的喜爱。
研究这部小说可以让我们认识到在英国维多利亚时代的资产阶级中的道德伦理观，苔丝的悲剧是由于社会的道德根源和男性中心社会中女性的纯洁性的稳定观。
在强烈反对这一观点时，坚强的指导苔丝的行为，批判矛点指社会和基督教教堂，保护这一观点。
我们比一百年前在英国维多利亚时代的感觉，成像把作家的讨论，我们惊人的哈代的前卫的思想，他把这种想法的时候，他创造了苔丝这个人物，从那才赋予这一形象更加丰富的内涵和更深刻的社会批判。
这本书成为了一个在维多利亚时代后期最杰出的作品，因为它大胆地揭露资本主义社会的虚伪道德的谴责造成的贫困和英国农村小农户近第十九世纪资本主义腐朽。
一、托马斯的介绍二。
小说背景这个故事发生在英国维多利亚时代晚期，在这个时期，资本主义阶级控制了所有的权利，法律为他们提供了服务。
农民们在社会的一瓶，他们从来没有平等的权利作为资产阶级。
苔丝在维多利亚时代的女人，她无法避免的“霸权”的父权意识的“女人”性质的认识和严重的社交礼仪。
和父权制的社会制度使妇女在男权意识丧失了自己的独立地位，由资本主义的入侵，那些自给自足的农民拥有少量土地生产资料也跟着破产。
女性的美不仅被视为“麻烦”也成为男人推卸犯罪的借口；男性要求女性忠诚和身体的纯洁，却无视自己的放纵。
而在男权压制下，女性的思维模式也被这种强势的控制所控制，甚至是熔化。
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯·哈代的著名小说，讲述了主人公苔丝从一个乡村女孩成长为一个经历种种挫折的女性的故事。
苔丝的悲剧成因深深触动着读者的心，下面我们就来探讨一下《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因。
苔丝的出身就决定了她的命运。
苔丝出身于农村贫苦家庭，她的父亲是一个喜欢酗酒、爱赌博的农民，母亲则是一个柔弱无助的女人。
这样的家庭环境决定了苔丝从小便要承受很大的生活压力，她要照顾家务，照料家人，过着贫困困苦的生活。
这种贫困生活使得苔丝从小就缺乏了良好的教育和正常的成长环境，她的心灵和情感发展受到了很大的阻碍。
苔丝的纯真天性也成为她悲剧的原因之一。
苔丝自小在福利委员会的幼儿园长大，长大后成为给哈代家族做女佣的女仆。
她天真纯洁，善良善解人意，然而这样的性格却遭到了很多人的伤害。
她对世界的无邪与美好的向往和追求在酸雨一般的现实面前显得太过玻璃般脆弱，她最后因为对爱情的迷蒙与追求而陷入了深渊，最终走向了悲剧的终点。
苔丝的仁慈和善良也成为她悲剧的原因之一。
在故事中，苔丝对待他人总是满怀善意和同情心，她对家里的老大人失去了现实的希望，她对父亲的深情孝心，她对爱情的全部投入，她慈爱的对待哈代家族的儿童，都体现了她的善良与仁慈。
这样的善良和仁慈在那个物欲横流的年代却被人利用和践踏，她最终遭受的伤害也正是因为她过分的信任和仁慈。
苔丝的不甘沦为命运的牺牲品也使她走向了悲剧。
苔丝一直都对自己的命运抱有不甘，她并不愿意沦为一个普通的农村女孩，她对爱情有着美好的向往，对未来有着美好的憧憬，然而命运却对她一直并不友好，她不得不承受种种的被动和伤害，最终导致了她的身心崩溃。
苔丝身上的女性特质也成为她悲剧的原因之一。
在《德伯家的苔丝》中，苔丝展现出了女性的纯真、温柔、坚韧和牺牲，但这些美丽的品质却未能得到应有的尊重和保护。
在一个男权至上的社会，苔丝的女性身份注定了她只能成为被动的牺牲品，她的命运被男人的利益所左右，最终导致了她沦为悲剧的结局。
浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因
浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因托马斯·哈代是英国十九世纪现实主义作家，小说《德伯家的苔丝》是他的代表作品。
哈代在小说中塑造了一位深受广大读者同情的悲剧人物——苔丝。
这个美丽、纯洁、善良的姑娘的一生可以说是充满了悲剧，而她人生的悲剧是其性格与环境错综复杂的矛盾冲突的结果，是由多重因素造成的，本文将从主客观多个角度分析苔丝悲剧的成因。
标签：苔丝;悲剧;社会;性格;家庭《德伯家的苔丝》是英国作家托马斯·哈代的“性格与环境”小说的代表作。
小说讲述了美丽善良、勤劳淳朴、坚强勇敢、纯洁而又富有反抗精神的农村女孩苔丝短暂而悲惨的一生：为减轻家庭负担去富贵家庭做工，被富家无赖诱奸、回家后丧子、新婚之夜因旧事遭丈夫抛弃、将又来纠缠她的恶棍刺死，最终自己也走上断头台。
整本书读下来的感觉就是苔丝的一生是由悲劇构成的，但任何悲剧的形成都是有原因的，苔丝悲剧的成因并不是单方面的，是由主客观多重因素共同造成的。
主观因素便是苔丝的性格;客观因素是家庭，社会，传统观念，种种因素共同造成了苔丝的命运悲剧，下面便从这几个角度对苔丝的悲剧成因进行分析。
一、性格因素苔丝是一个单纯善良的姑娘，在家中唯一的劳力性动物老马死后，因为觉得老马的死与自己有关，出于愧疚和对家庭收入的担忧，就答应了父母让她去德伯家认亲的要求。
对亚雷，她从一开始就有排斥但还是继续待在他们家中干活。
她对亚雷缺少戒备心，在亚雷让她和自己一起回去的时候，她虽然没有多信任但还是依赖着他，和他一起回去，这也造成了她被亚雷诱奸的结果。
因为她的善良不忍心，她生下了自己和亚雷的孩子，可是孩子也因病夭折。
同样也是因为她的真诚，她认为自己不应该隐瞒自己的丈夫克莱尔，于是在婚前选择告诉克莱尔自己的过去，可她没想到克莱尔完全不能接受，两个人还是在新婚之夜分开了。
之后在父亲去世后，一家人无家可归的时候，她又因为自己的对家庭的那种责任感而答应了与亚雷同居。
可不能忽视的是，苔丝自始至终都是一个勇于反抗的女孩，于是在克莱尔回来之后，她杀死了亚雷，将自己送上了断头台。
对《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝女性形象的分析[权威资料]
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对《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝女性形象的分析本文档格式为WORD,感谢你的阅读。
托马斯・哈代是19世纪末20世纪初英国著名的批判现实主义作家，《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代最具有代表性的作品。
《德伯家的苔丝》这部作品描述了一位纯洁勇敢、漂亮独立、勤劳甜美的少女悲惨的一生。
由于家境贫寒，为了生存，对社会凶险毫无认知的苔丝离家谋生，不幸的是苔丝却被亚雷・德伯奸污，并生下了私生子。
本该享受生命中美好年华的苔丝却时时刻刻遭受着周围人的唾弃与歧视，孩子的不幸早逝更对她的精神造成了严重的创伤。
苔丝在牧场做工的时候偶遇了克莱尔，当天真的苔丝将自己的过去向克莱尔坦诚相告后，却被无情地抛弃。
最终在物质和精神上受尽双重折磨的苔丝，将毁了她一生的亚雷悲愤地杀死后，坦然走向绞刑架，结束了自己悲惨的一生。
一、苔丝光辉的女性形象在哈代之前的许多作家，如狄更斯、理查逊等人对女性人物的描绘和刻画通常是按照世俗道德标准和传统价值取向进行的。
但是，哈代在其文学作品中，创造了一批与传统的女性形象截然不同的新女性形象。
哈代笔下的新女性形象没有落入传统的俗套中，作者以一种突破以往的模式对作品中的女性进行刻画与描写。
在书中她们往往以一种个性鲜明、具有现代思想的女性形象出现，《德伯家的苔丝》里刻画了一位对自己的人生有着自己独立的思想见解的出身于农村的善良美丽的姑娘――苔丝，其对社会的种种现象也有深入的思考。
在这部文学作品中，女主角苔丝是美和爱的象征，是被理想化了的女性形象，她具有善良、美丽、纯洁、质朴等很多优秀的品质。
她心灵纯洁，面对亚雷的威逼利诱，苔丝并没有委曲求全。
而面对自己心爱的人，苔丝为了保持自己心灵的纯洁，在经历了一番痛苦的内心挣扎之后，苔丝向心爱的人坦白了自己的过去，虽然她明白一旦坦白了自己的过去将很可能断送自己后半生的幸福。
她不利用婚姻来满足自己的虚荣心，却用自尊来追求着平等和爱情的自由。
她为了使家庭摆脱窘迫的困境，因此去亚雷家做工，但是当她发觉自己被亚雷欺骗后便毅然决然地选择了离开。
性格造成悲剧的命运—苔丝与梅季对比分析
性格造成悲剧的命运—苔丝与梅季对比分析性格造成悲剧的命运—苔丝与梅季对比分析近年来，许多文学作品都在讲述着“性格造成悲剧的命运”的故事。
苔丝与梅季也是其中的佼佼者，他们都在某种程度上表现出了性格的弱点。
苔丝的故事体现了她过度感性、单纯易受伤而导致悲剧的结局，梅季则因为自以为是、骄傲自满而付出了巨大的代价。
本文针对他们两位进行分析和对比，探讨性格缺陷所带来的命运。
一、苔丝和梅季的故事简述1. 苔丝的故事2. 梅季的故事二、苔丝和梅季的性格特点对比1. 苔丝的性格特点2. 梅季的性格特点三、苔丝和梅季的性格缺陷分析1. 苔丝的性格缺陷2. 梅季的性格缺陷四、苔丝和梅季的命运分析1. 苔丝的命运2. 梅季的命运五、性格造成悲剧的原因1. 过度感性导致悲剧2. 自以为是导致悲剧六、性格缺陷的影响1. 对自己的影响2. 对他人的影响七、性格缺陷的改变1. 改变的必要性2. 如何改变八、性格的优点与缺点1. 性格的优点2. 性格的缺点九、总结与感悟在现实生活中，我们也会面临很多因性格缺陷带来的不幸命运。
因此，我们在日常生活中不仅要发现自身存在的性格缺陷，还要努力去改变，寻找一种能够更好地与自己和谐相处的方式，避免因性格弱点而带来的不幸命运。
1. 苔丝和梅季的故事简述在这一部分可以简要描述苔丝和梅季的故事情节，以及他们的结局。
从这一部分开始，就要着重比较他们的不同之处，为后面的对比分析做好铺垫。
2. 苔丝和梅季的性格特点对比这一部分可以分别描述苔丝和梅季的性格特点。
苔丝具有过度感性、善良、温柔、容易受伤等特点；而梅季则显得自我中心、目光短浅、骄傲自满等。
通过这一部分的对比，可以更好地认识他们的性格差异。
3. 苔丝和梅季的性格缺陷分析在这一部分，可以重点分析苔丝和梅季的性格缺陷。
苔丝过度的感性和单纯易受伤，导致她容易被伤害和欺骗；而梅季的自我中心和过度自信，导致她对周围的人和事物缺乏考虑和深入思考。
4. 苔丝和梅季的命运分析在这一部分需要分析苔丝和梅季的不同命运。
苔丝的人物性格分析[权威资料]
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苔丝的人物性格分析[权威资料] 苔丝的人物性格分析【摘要】英国著名作家哈代笔下的苔丝是一个美丽善良、质朴纯洁、敢于和封建落后思想斗争的农村妇女。
但是由于苔丝出生的时代背景，以及她在性格上的软弱和思想上的妥协致使其超出了自己能够承受的能力范围，最终沦为了一个封建道德的一个牺牲品。
本文将以苔丝的性格特点入手来分析造成其悲剧命运的根源。
【关键字】苔丝;性格分析引言:《德伯家的苔丝》是英国作家哈代的一部具有强烈现实讽刺意味的作品，同时它也是英国十九世纪后期批判现实主义的代表作。
威伯评价它是“英国文学中最伟大的作品之一”。
小说讲述了一位纯洁、善良、坚强并具有反抗精神的农村少女苔丝短暂而悲惨的一生。
鲁迅曾经说过:“悲剧是展示人们对有价值事物的破坏。
”【1】在小说中，苔丝敢于反抗当时社会的不公，却不能彻底摆脱传统道德对自身的羁绊，她的不幸遭遇主要是由女主人公的性格和心理矛盾造成的。
本文将重点从苔丝的性格入手来分析造成悲剧的根源。
一.小说梗概《德伯家的苔丝》塑造了一个善良、坚强的传统女性形象―苔丝，讲述了这样一个农家女子所经历过的悲惨遭遇:她热爱生活，向往忠贞的爱情，勇敢地面对窘境;她靠自己的努力去生活。
她却在一生中遭遇了接连的打击。
去特兰陵一个有钱的德伯维尔老太太那里去认亲，不料，被德伯维尔老太太的儿子亚力克奸污了有了身孕。
为此，苔丝受到了村民的嘲讽，不久刚出生的孩子也意外夭折。
濒临绝望的苔丝来到了一家奶牛场工作，并邂逅了在这里工作的克莱尔。
她们迅速陷入了爱河。
在结婚的那天晚上，苔丝讲述了自己的往事，但是丈夫克莱尔却并不理解苔丝的苦衷，丢下了苔丝远走高飞。
后来她的父亲逝世，一家人无依无靠，这时亚历克趁虚而入来纠缠不休，苔丝不得已委身于他。
克莱尔突然归来使苔丝受刺激最造成了她杀死亚历克的结局。
她的一生虽然短暂，但是种种悲惨遭遇却令人唏嘘不已。
“没有一个人不在读了《德伯家的苔丝》之后而不流下同情的眼泪，也没有人读了它以后而不具有宽大的胸怀和慈悲的精神”。
《苔丝》原著中女主人公的性格分析
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《苔丝》原著中女主人公的性格分析
邱 璐
《苔丝》作为维多利亚时期杰出作家哈代的代 表作之一，描写了善良、勤劳的乡村女孩苔丝与花花 公子亚力克和新兴资产阶级安杰尔之间的爱恨纠葛。 苔丝的悲剧人生很大程度上是由她复杂的性格特点造 成的。本文旨在对苔丝性格中比较明显的优缺点进行 分析，包括其在艰难人生中的独立勤劳、对传统观念 和宗教制度的反叛以及犹豫妥协，从而使读者对她的 人物形象和悲剧命运有更深刻的理解。
和约束的，即便是在当今社会也是部分如此。在一 心欲绝的苔丝却并没有后悔自己告诉他这件事，她要
段感情中，男性随便可以被原谅，而女性则被理所 的是一个完全接受自己一切的人。安杰尔远走巴西回
当然地认为贞洁是属于丈夫的。双重的道德标准的 来时，这种传统观念的桎梏也就消失了，某种程度上
确存在过或是仍然存在着。苔丝生活在一个小村子 这也是苔丝反叛传统观念的一种胜利。
子最后还是去世了，但是她的行为在当时来看简直是 子大门的时候，她都还在纠结要不要进去。尽管对亚
不可思议。
力克没有爱慕之情，之后他喂草莓给她吃的时候她也
持家务似乎就是她们的终身事业。没有工作的她们必 敢。她没有因为亚力克有钱就妥协成为任他摆布的布
须依靠男性赚钱养家，在经济地位上失去了独立性。 偶，苔丝的行为就是对于女性依附于男人这种观念的
女性的行为标准因此就完全按照传统观念和宗教制度 一记响亮耳光。
来评判。贞洁在这两个标准中都被视为女性最重要的
遇到真爱安杰尔后，她决定在婚礼前夕告知所
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鉴 赏
在众多评论中，毛颖描述了苔丝的复杂性格来 的理由铿锵有力，强烈表达了对传统道德的不满和反
揭露其与造成她悲剧的现实社会之间的冲突；张嫄认 叛：“我说过我不再要你的东西了，我不会再要了——
《德伯维尔家的苔丝》苔丝的人物性格分析 英语毕业论文
《德伯维尔家的苔丝》苔丝的人物性格分析摘要：托马斯·哈代、最有影响力的英语作家,建立了19及20世纪的文学形式。
他的代表作品,《德伯维尔家的苔丝》揭示了小说“性格与环境的精神”。
《德伯维尔家的苔丝》使哈代的文学创作取得了辉煌的成就。
哈代认为苔丝拥有女性的主要性格--纯洁,这使得他遇到激烈和严厉的批评,他们中的大多数人可以接受哈代的观点。
哈代的杰作《德伯维尔家的苔丝》描写了一个有痛苦经历的乡村女孩。
她用自己的双手去劳动,使人们感到她的真心。
她是一个“纯洁的女人”。
最后她以悲剧结束，人们讨论她的悲剧原因。
然而,她有一个强大的精神的战斗,反对社会、伪善的宗教。
她所做的一切就是放弃旧道德的社会,追求幸福的婚姻。
同时苔丝是一个纯洁的女人她对她的家庭和她的爱负责。
她已在世人面前表现她所受到的侮辱,这预示着一种抗强大的女人的形象。
AbstractThomas Hardy, one of the most influential English writers, helped forge a link between the 19th and 20th century literary tradition .Tess of the D’Urbervilles, one of his representative works, best reveals the “Novels of Character and Environment” spirit. Tess is the crowning achievement of Hardy’s literary creation.Hardy considers the main female character of Tess as “A pure woman”, which made him encounter fierce and harsh criticism, for most of them could accept Hardy’s view . Hardy’s masterpiece Tess of the D’Urbervilles describes the miserable experience of a rural girl. But too unfortunate to overthrow this girl who calls Tess, she relies on her own hands to work, moving people with her own sincerity. She is “a pure woman”. Finally she winds up with the tragedy, which is why people often discuss her as the source of the tragedy. However, she has a powerful spirit of fighting, fighting against the society, the hypocritical religion. All she did was to abandon the old ethical society and to pursuit a happy marriage. Meanwhile Tess is a pure woman and she is responsible for her family and her love. She has shown in front of common people her own practical action that she is insulted, which indicates a resisting powerful woman's images.Key words: revolt, compromise, a pure woman ,responsibilityA personality analysis of TessIntroductionThomas Hardy (1840-1928) was a Britain’s critical realism novelist and poet at the end of the 19th century. Hardy’s creation period includes carrying out the transition to the stage of imperialism from non- monopoly capitalism. His novel is filled with his background in homeland, including the near prefecture district. He has observed the agricultural crisis to fill in miserable consequence that the special prefecture causes in one, describe this regional peasant’s disaster received. Tess of the D’Urberville, is the first famous work of Britain outstanding realistic writer. Because Hardy had once had experience of living in the Ministry of Agriculture, he was extremely familiar with peasants’life, personality, custom, language, etc. Works of Hardy reflect capitalist factor invading Britain social economy, politics, morals, and enormous custom changes of under countryside, showed the miserable destiny of the rural working people of specific historical period. The theme of Hardy’s novel is to show the antinomy between people and society, personality and environment, especially through the description of issues such as love and marriage, displaying the individual confliction when people fight against social outmoded practice, religion law, morals custom. In his works, especially woman images in the works of him have deeply shown this characteristic. Tess of the D’Urbervilles, is the essential reflection of Hardy’s style and the society he wanted to show.Chapter One The Personality of Tess ----the Spirit ofRevolt1.1 Tess’s Fight to the Moribund Society1.1.1 The Moribund SocietyAs industrial movement swept England in the 19th century, People pour into countryside in crowds, as wild animal pray on like the animal occupying that land liberated. In a short period of time, Britain rural resident many times since the period of Louis 14, and the number of people is also running up. When the number of them has exceeded the urbanite, they have exercised an influence on urbanite again. So, the difference between the city and village becomes smaller and smaller, the urbanite’s thought and lively style make the village getting vigorous. 1Been classified as eliminating the differentials between town and country of the socialist goal by us all the time, it was that falling has been realized like this unexpectedly here. Especially, Woman has to oppress seriously from moribund society, it cause to grow spirit of revolt.1.1.2 Resistance of the Moribund SocietyBecause of the social reason, many people have to revolt. Tess is the one of these people. Tess hates the moribund society and Alec. When seeing Tess, he set the trap that has destroyed the young girl’s chaste and the happiness in all her life. Alec not only has essence and characteristic of the landlord class but also reflect the essential characteristic of the capitalist class. He thinks he has money and high social status, and Tess will like him. But he is wrong, Tess disdain to Alec, she is surrender to Alec, she isn’t marry to Alec as her mother ask for her, she says：“Perhaps any woman will, but I exception.” This prove that Tess resist with moribund social evil force. She wouldn’t wait impatiently to save herself from society fully, she would rather rely on her own efforts to be impractical on evil forceunder the foot. Beg that gives alms. When Alec requires Tess stay at his side, Tess responds him firmly. “Never, never! I made up my mind as soon as I saw--what I ought to have seen sooner, and I won’t come.” These also show Tess’s spirit of revolt to the moribund society. Until the fact that Angel come back, Tess break out finally, “And my sin will kill him and not kill me! ... O, you have torn my life all to pieces ... made me be what I prayed you in pity not to make me be again! ... My own true husband will never, never--O God--I can’t bear this! -- I cannot!”2 She has lifted the knife, killed Alec, as the severe reaction unjust to this society. Even if she has accepted the judgment of the death, she is quiet leaving finally, because she got the fairness of her heart at last, got the balance. There is only one effective method to reach the moribund resistance---kill Alce.1.2Resistance of the Traditional Moral Concept1.2.1The Traditional Moral ConceptTess lived in a small village where people’s concepts are traditional. They could not accept someone to violate the concept. If someone violate, they will disdain her. Angel, husband of Tess, is one of the representatives of traditional moral concepts, being even the main rea son that causes Tess’s tragedy. In his eyes, Tess is “what a fresh and pure daughter of nature that dairymaid is!” holy and pure, but Tess is to her honest experience abused on the past at the newly married night, because of his traditional moral concept, he has not forgiven Tess, as Tess did forgive his dissolute behavior. This shows a deep-rooted traditional chastity idea is still in his mind. Angle could not forgive Tess because there are some traditional concepts in his mind, but Tess forgives him. These prove Tess’s spirit for the traditional concepts.1.2.2Resistance of the Traditional Moral ConceptTess dare saying her own past bold, she believes whether a woman is pure or not, is not to look chastity, the more important thing is the soul and quality, Tess has not been defeated after suffering misfortune. Not crushed by the traditional morals ethics idea, she still has deep love for working, relying on herself to live. Clare forgives Tess when return after going out, which prove traditional failure of moral concept after all and make the final victory in resistance of Tess. In addition, after Tess has illegitimate children, she has not abandoned him, but bring him up until he died. Tess does not give consideration to the view of the people around, using her own practical action to show common people the purity of a woman losing virginity, which is resistance of her traditional moral concept to the old society too --W hether can’t evaluate the woman’s purity or not with the woman’s chastity. It is obvious, Tess with her industrious and simple and sincere and strong traditional moral concept of resistance, and has won the victory.1.3Resistance of the Hypocritical Religion1.3.1The Hypocritical ReligionBritain followed Christianity in the 19th century, the religion was a spiritual tool that was used for liberating the people on the surface. When people see through its hypocritical side, they will resist it. Tess is also the one who object to it when looks through it. Alec turns respectable for a time with the help of old pastor, and after he meets Tess, evil thought regenerated. Tess sees through the soul of the pastor, pointing out precisely: “Don’t go on with it!” she cried passionately, as she turned away from him to a stile by the wayside, on which she bent herself. “I can’t believe in such sudden things! I feel indignant with you for talking to me like this, when you know--when you know what harm you’ve done me! You, and those like you, take your fill of pleasure on earth by making the life of such as me bitterand black with sorrow, and then it is a fine thing, when you have had enough of that, to think of securing your pleasure in heaven by becoming converted! Out upon such--I don’t believe in you--I hate it!” It is obvious that Tess discontented with the hypocritical religion, and Alec utilizes the coat of the religion, making the obscene behavior, scorned by Tess, the severe reaction of Tess: “But I have not defended the weak woman of ability, Alec! I am still grasping the honor of a good person in the hand! --Think carefully --You do not feel ashamed! “This is Tess that reprimand to Alec frivolous act, pointing out Alec’s mask of “good person”. Not merely, she has also beaten back the harassing and wrecking of Alec. In addition, after illegitimate child of Tess fall ill, Tess forewarns the finishing of this light life, she ignores the restraint of the religious doctrine of the religion, and has done baptism for this child. But now that her moral sorrows were passing away, a fresh one arose on the natural side of her: she knew nothing about social law.3When she reached home she learned that the baby had been suddenly ill since the afternoon. Such collapse had been probable, so tender and puny was its frame, but the event came as a shock nevertheless. But no one to help her, they disdain her, so Tess think the religion is hypocritical.1.3.2 Resistance of the Hypocritical ReligionThe calmness, which had possessed Tess since the christening, remained with her in the infant’s loss. In the daylight, indeed, she felt her terrors about his soul to have been somewhat exaggerated, whether well founded or not she had no uneasiness now, reasoning that if Providence would not ratify such an act of approximation she, for one, did not value the kind of heaven lost by the irregularity--either for herself or for her child. She returns reasoning and says: “If God is unwilling to sanction this kind of close method on the whole of hers, that piece lost paradise have value can speak either because this kind does not conform to normal baptism then.” Therefore Tess believes if religion is true, equal, then have the so-called paradise, if the religion is unfair to people, is hypocritical, this is whatshe’s judgment of the religion false, at the same time it is the resistance of the hypocritical religion too, she believes real religion is true, real religion should adhere rigidly to the form, norm, otherwise would rather not believe. The above behaviors and speech have proved Tess to the hypocritical resistance of one side of religion effectively. She despises to the representative of religion hypocritical, and it shows her spirit of revolt extremely especially to hypocritical religion.1.4Resistance to the Unfortunate Marriage1.4.1The Unfortunate MarriageUnder parents’advice, under the pressure of the family life, Tess has entered into d’Urbervilles home, the haggling business, which had mainly depended on the horse, became disorganized forthwith. Durbeyfield was what was locally called a slack-twisted fellow, he had good strength to work at times, but the times could not be relied on to coincide with the hours of requirement. And having been unaccustomed to the regular toil of the day laborer, he was not particularly persistent when they did so coincide. Tess, meanwhile, as the one who had dragged her parents into this quagmire, was silently wondering what she could do to help them out of it, and then her mother broached her scheme go. And it is unfortunate to suffer, but she didn’t want marry Alec, which would save her misfortune by obtaining the marriage. She still wants to pursue the real happiness and marriage. So, she met Clare, fall in love with him, and combine with him. In order to live in a happy life with Angel, she tried every means to forget her sad past and treat him sincerely. After Angel knows she was raped by Alec, their relationship is torn apart, and Angel Clare leaves for Brazil, then Tess has finally been forced to marry Alec. She never feels happy in the marriage with Alec. That is the unfortunate marriage she has. She wouldrather bear the shame sign of “woman losing virginity,”stands enormous social pressure and terrible discrimination, than to violate her own true feelings and spoil her own true love.1.4.2Resistance Tess to the Unfortunate MarriageTess of the D’Urbervilles, has a subtitle, “a pure woman”. This proves Tess’s unfortunate fight of marriage. She thinks the losing of the virgin’s chastity does not mean losing the purity of the love. So she again and again asks Angel: “I thought, Angel, that you loved me--me, my very self! If it is I you do love, O how can it be that you look and speak so? It frightens me! Having begun to love you, I love you forever--in all changes, in all disgraces, because you are yourself. I ask no more. Then how can you, O my own husband, stop loving me?” She does not think that love must be equivalent to chastity, but believes that real love should be the idea of abandoning common customs, natural, simple and honest. Though she fails to get understanding from Clare at the beginning when she was ready for the happy marriage that she dreams of, she never give up, still veining for a gleam of hope for the happy marriage. However, finally she could not get rid of the evil force. Before she gets pardon from Angel, she falls into inferior trap of Alec. She killed Alec. Obtain unprecedented ease and freedom. Tess has a happiest time while catching. She leaves happily finally. She has been lived again on younger sister, who get real purity marriage without prejudice and common customs.Chapter Two Tess’s Natural Instincts —Compromise, a New Woman and a Pure Woman2.1 Tess’s Compromise to AlecAfter Tess’s horse died, her life is change. In order to support her family, she has to live with Alec. When Tess comes across with Alec near four years later in the village of Ever Head, though Alec D’Urbervilles seems first to have undergone a remarkable transformation from a rake into a pious and religious man, he discards this posture so effortlessly and quickly that it seems to have been a superfluous charade. Alec can escape legal sanctions, unaffected. He represents a larger moral principle rather than a real individual man. Like Satan, Alec symbolizes the base forces of life that drive a person away from moral perfection and greatness. Tess continues to suffer as a social outcast because of a disgrace that is much more Alec’s fault than hers, yet the hypocritical Alec has the luxury to repent and even win acceptance as a preacher. Tess’s plight as a woman thus appears incredibly unjust, stressing “The Woman Pays”. So, Tess is observant and distrusting of Alec, and she views his conversion as a plot to win her back. She has learnt her lesson about risking herself and her happiness for the sake of money. She is much stronger woman now and is more knowledgeable about conniving men, especially Alec. This strength deters Alec and makes him feel weaker and more vulnerable because his plot is not working.Her second compromise to Alec is when she lives with Alec again, while enduring the abandoned life, as Tess struggles with Alec’s temptation, her need for Angel, becomes more and more desperate. If Angel were to return to her and do his duty as her husband, her problems would greatly diminish. She writes to Angel and pleads that he not judges her onher irretrievable past. Tess’s situation thus makes her very vulnerable to Alec’s persuasions. She is obviously heartbroken and needs to be loved more than ever. She is also distraught by her family’s ever-worsening financial situation. Alec’s reasoning seems more valid to Tess than it has in the past. In a way, Tess and Alec are similar in that they have both fallen and ask for forgiveness for their indiscretions. After a long wait for Angel’s reply, but nothing, Tess begins to realize that Alec may be her only hope. She gives up all hopes and becomes Alec’s mistress for the sake of her family. Tess’s love is not given the spirit of transcendence and physical beauty, but with the loss of self-emaciated blind and miserable, unrealistic to imagine that there is no hope with the chessboard, and all are attributable to the self-destiny of the fate and helplessness. Her life is not worthwhile to an attachment that her man and this is a profound tragedy. When she feels the opinions of all the sacrifices so insignificant, as all acts of levity, finally decides to angrily rebel. Of course, Tess once expressed her plainness angrily by the last letter to Angel under a completely disappointed condition. ”O why have you treated me so monstrously, Angel! I do not deserve it. I have thought it all over carefully, and I can never, never forgive you! You know that I did not intend to wrong you-why you so wronged me? You are cruel, cruel indeed! I will try to forget you. It is all injustice I have received at your hands.”Even when Angel comes back with love and loyalty to ask for her forgiveness, she says to him: “Too late, too late!”“Don’t come close to me, Angel!” All of these are still not Tess’s real intentions from her posterior acts. When she stays with Angel while escaping to be arrested, she says: “I want you to go on loving me. I’m afraid you might reject me one day for what I’ve done. Then I would rather be dead I must have been mad to kill him! But I don’t want to be alive when you reject me for it”. 4 Because she is disappointed with Angle, so she compromise to Alec.2.2 A New WomanTess is a new woman because she leaves her husband and lives with Alec. When she first meets Clare again, she does not dare to leave Alec, her current love, because she has committed adultery before marriage .When Clare turns back to Tess and finds her, he still notices the pure outlook of Tess.” Her great natural beauty was, if not heightened, rendered more obvious by her attire.” Her beauty cannot be covered, but she does not think she could live with Angle, she lives with Alec and becomes Mrs. D’Urbervilles at the moment. “She had not come forward, remaining still in the opening of the doorway.” She rather not goes near Angle. She reminds Angle “too late”. However, “her voice sounding hard through the room, her eyes shine unnaturally.”This shows that she still has good feeling with Clare .Gradually, she shouted, “I hate him now, because he told me a lie-that you would not come again; and you have come!” She is disappointed because she thinks that Clare would not look for her. She hates Alec because she loves Clare. Although she again asks Clare to go away, her loves makes Clare strong. She is fighting for her own way. She breaks through the convention because she is not submissive or docile. She is fortitudinous self-dependent. Tess is seduced by Alec, she is pregnant and has a son who dies in infant. Refused by a priest, Tess baptizes her son with the help of her sisters and brothers, and buries him herself. Without hesitation, Tess goes to a farm as a dairymaid. There she meets and marries to Angel. But Angel abandons her relentlessly after he knew her past. When she is conscious that Angel will never forgive her, she returns home. In order to hide this truth, she bravely leaves home again for work. These show her courage for live. She do not complain but want a new life. There is a setting in the novel about Tess finds several wounded birds. “Poor darlings-to suppose myself the most miserable being on earth in the sight of such misery as yours!”5 She exclaimed. And not a twinge of bodily pain about me! I be not mangled, and I be not bleeding, and I have two hands to feed and clothe me…The another setting is the description about Flintcomb-Ash “The stubborn soil around her showed plainly enough thatthe kind of labor in demand here was of the roughest kind, but it was time to rest from searching, and she resolved to stay,”These two settings reveal Tess’s fortitude and self-dependence.Tess is full of rebel spirit. It mostly is displayed in the relation between Tess and Alec. At the blush Tess dislikes Alec. No regard of his blandishments, she leaves him angrily after she is seduced by him. Later, when they meet again, Tess finds Alec suddenly changes his identity to be a priest. Tess feels it’s a great irony to religion. So she uncovers his filthy inbeing with the acid-tongued words. “Have you saved yourself? Charity begins at home, they say.”“…You, and those like you, take your fill of pleasure on earth by making the life of such as me bitter and black with sorrow, and then it is a fine thing, when you have had enough of that, to think of securing your pleasure in heaven by becoming converted! Out upon such-I don’t believe in you-I hate it!” In order to stop Alec’s pestering again, Tess hits him by her glove. At last, she wakes up to that she has been ruined completely by Alec, she takes up a knife and kill Alec in desperation. She is not submissive to man. She shouts to Alec when Clare has gone. “You had used your cruel persuasion upon me…I have lost him now-again because of you! You have torn my life all in pieces…made me is what I prayed you in pity not to make me be again! My own true husband will never-O God-I can’t bear this! I cannot!” Her shouting greatly indicates her character of a new woman. She dares to express her anger in front of her husband because she wants to fight for her true love. She does not want to be suppressed in such a patriarchal society. She is a representative of a new woman.2.3 A Pure WomanTess was born in a family of a poor rural tradesman, this is the reason why she is pure. T here were many children in her family. Her father drank a lot and didn’t work hard and her mother herself liked a child and never thought about the future. In order to earn some money, Tess and her little brother Abby had to set off with the beehives on the early morning. But unfortunately, the poor “Prince”, an old horse, the only possessive of her family died on the way. Who could support the family without “Prince”? Life became rather difficult for the Durbeyfields. Tess was so kind that she wondered how she could help her parents all day. But what she could do only was to look after the children and do some housework. Her mother sent her to claim kin with a distant relative of noble D’Urbervilles family in the hope of changing the poor and miserable condition of the family. Here she did not expect to have the life of the upper–class, she only wanted to work hard to support her family. Because of her pure she does not Alec is a bad man, so she was seduced under the circumstance of her innocence when they were lost in the forest. Tess lost her girlish purity. But we could not accept that it was Tess’s fault. As the people of her village said, “It was to be”. From then on, Tess’s life was to be completely different.For the sake of her family, she spared no effort to devote herself. After being deserted by Angel, her family was in trouble. Her father died of illness. Her mother was ill seriously. Her brother and sister were unable to go to school. The whole family begged along the street. In this case, Tess had to live together with Alec to improve her family’s living condition. It seemed that she was not a pure woman. But in that society and that time, women’s status was very low. They had no better way to earn a lot of money to support their family. So Tess had no choice but sacrifice herself in order to make the life of family improve. Tess is a selfless women, she still kept a noble spirit. In this sense, I think Tess was a pure woman.Chapter Three A personality of Tess ----Responsibilityand Honest3.1 Tess is Responsible for Her FamilyTess is able to bear great burdens placed upon her at a young age. She is between the ages of 16 and 23 when we read her tale. This ability to undergo so much at such a young age builds her character so that we see her as a powerful force in the novel. She accepts blame for Prince’s death; the death of her infant son, Sorrow; the loss of Angel and the destruction of her marriage; as well as her killing Alec with her own hands and leaving home three times in her life to “test the waters of the world” outside her village. Tess is a fresh country girl who is full of the sense of responsibility for her family because of father’s laziness and mother’s simple mindedness. The horse’s death let her think she is responsible for this accident and she must earn money to support her poor family. This guilt leads her to visit the D’Urbervilles and puts her into an uncertain and potentially dangerous situation. The death of her father adds her family’s eviction because her reputation makes it incumbent on her to act for her young brother and sisters. With no option, she bears sadness to live with Alec again. If not for Tess, the family may be very badly off indeed, but Tess’s self-sacrifice gains nothing except a series of blame.Tess came back home again after Angel’s leaving. She sent all her money to her poor family. Then she had to bear a heavy family’s burden again. In order to get enough food to keep herself and her family alive, she left Marlette again looking for work. She found irregular diary work for the spring and summer. It was so hard a job that once she was near to faint. And after the death of her father, her family had to leave their cottage. However,they had nowhere to live. Tess could not endure the burden of the life any more. In order to support the life of her family, she had no choice but to live with Alec again as his mistress.“Tess’s acute sense of responsibility, which may lead to the assumption of tasks to be done or to the sense of guilt for things done or left undone, is a strongly unifying element.”6 She first felt “self-reproach” for staying so long at the dance, and “remorse” for her mother’s labor in getting her frock ready. When her father was drunk, she took the wagon on an all-night trip toward the market. She fell asleep, and the horse was killed. Because she felt responsible, she undertook another venture that she disliked---visiting the D’urbervilles in the hope of improving the family fortunes. She always had a feeling of responsibility for her family’s difficulties. That was why she endured so many pains.She might had a comfortable life with the money Angel left for her, she might had a normal and happy life as other maidens if she refused to visit the D’urbervilles, but the character of endurance and responsibility made her did everything for her poor family.3.2 Tess is Honest to Her LoveTess’s true and pure love to Clare drives her to break the convention. She says, “I never loved him at all, Angel, as love you…Angel will you forgive my sin against you, now I have killed him?” Her ending of her relationship by means by murdering is unconventional. She can do anything even murders others just for her true love. She says, “O yes! I could walk forever and ever with your arm round me.” Although she is in a tough situation, her love for Clare is concrete and this drives her mad. She says again, “I feel strong enough to walk any distance.” Her love forces her to break-through. Her character of a new woman is clearly shown. Tess undergoes her self-discovery journey to look for her own happiness. Tess is free from the marriage convention after her killing Alec. She does not feel sad。
论苔丝的双重性格及成因
Ｋ ｅ ｙ ｗｅｒ ｄ ｓ ： ｄ ｏ ｕ ｂ ｌ ｅ ； ｃ ｈ ａ ｒ ａ ｃ ｔ ｅｒ ｉ ｓ ｔ ｉ ｃ ； ｃ ａ ｕ ｓ ｅ ｓ ｏ ｆ ｆ ｏ ｒ ｍａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ
伴随着工 业革命 的巨大浪潮 ， ｌ ９世纪末 的欧洲 迎来 了 妇女解放运动 的第一次高潮 。 哈代的《 德伯家 的苔丝》 正是写
ＬＩ Ｍ ｅ ｎ ｇ
（ Ｚ ｈ ｕ ｍａ ｄ ｉ ａ ｎ Ｖ ｏ ｃ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ａ ｌ ａ ｎ ｄ Ｔ ｅ ｃ ｈ ｎ ｉ ｃ ａ ｌ Ｃｏ ｌ ｌ ｅ ｇ ｅ， Ｚ ｈ ｕ ａ ｄ ｉ ａ ｎ Ｈ ｅ ｎ ａ ｎ ４ ６ ３ ０ ０ ０， Ｃｈ ｉ ｎ ａ）
成原 因。 关键词 ： 双重 ； 性格 ； 成因
中图分类号 ： １ ０ ６
文献标识码 ： Ａ
文章编号 ： １ ０ ０ ９ — ３ ９ ５ ８ （ ２ ０ １ ５ ） ０ ３ — ０ ０ ８ ３ — ０ ２
ｏ ｎ ｔ ｈｅ Ｄ ｏｕ ｂｌ ｅ Ｃｈａ ｒ ａ ｃ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｉ ｓ ｔ ｉ ｃ ａ ｎｄ Ｃａ ｕｓ ｅ ｓ ｏ ｆ Ｆｏｒ ｍａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ｏｆ Ｔｅ ｓ ｓ
ｃ ｏ ｎ ｓ ｃ ｉ ｏ ｕ ｓ ｎ ｅ ｓ ｓ ． Ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｅ ｆ ｏ ｒ ｅ ， ｈ ｅ ｒ ｔ ｈ ｏ ｕ ｇ ｈ ｔ ｓ ａ ｎ ｄ ｂ ｅ ｈ ａ ｖ ｉ ｏ ｒ ａ Ｉ ＇ ｅ ｉ ｎ ｅ ｖ ｉ ｔ ａ ｂ ｌ ｙ ｅｓ ｒ ｔ ｒ ｉ ｃ ｔ ｅ ｄ ｂ ｙ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｔ ｉ ｍｅ ｓ ａ ｎ ｄ ｓ ｃｉ ｏ ｅ ｔ ｙ ｓ ｈ ｅ ｌ ｉ ｖ ｅ ｓ ． Ｂａ ｓｅ ｄ ｏ ｎ ｈｅ ｔ ｗ ｉｔ ｒ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｂ ａ ｃ ｋ ｇ ｒ ｏ ｕ ｎ ｄ ｎｄ ａ ｅ ｒ ａ ｏ ｆ ” Ｔ ｅ ｓ ｓ ” ， ｈｉ ｔ ｓ ｐ ａ ｐ ｅ ｒ ｉ ｓ ｔ ｏ ｄ ｉ ｓ ｃ ｕ ｓ ｓ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｃ ａ ｕ ｓ ｅ ｓ ｏ ｆ ｆ ｏ ｒ ｍａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ｎｄ ａ ｒ ｅ ｐ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｅ ｎ ｔ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ｏ ｆ ｄ ｏ ｕ ｂ ｌ ｅ ｃ ｈ ｒａ ａ ｃ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｏ ｆ Ｔ ｅ ｓ ｓ ．
浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的人物形象
浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的人物形象一个纯洁朴实的女人(一)传统美德从小说的副标题就可以看出苔丝是一个纯洁的女人。
一个纯洁的女人并不是所谓的完美无瑕的女人。
首先在古老美丽朴实的村庄里苔丝是一个普通并拥有传统美德的农村女孩。
苔丝是一个吸引众人眼球的充满活力的年轻漂亮女孩。
见过她的人无一不发出本能的称赞。
在加入行走的队伍中，她是个纯洁美丽的姑娘而且她也是唯一一个在一片白色队伍里能以这种引人注目的装饰自夸的。
苔丝的妈妈说苔丝的皮肤就如同公爵夫人的一样。
亚雷也叫她美人并难以自拔地靠近她。
安玑也曾自言自语道“多么纯洁的自然之女啊！”科瑞克说苔丝是他至今所见过的牛奶场里最美丽的牛奶工。
苔丝似乎从来不炫耀她与生俱来的美丽但却由于从她妈妈那继承来的特性遭受了很多苦难。
苔丝是个简单的女孩，她没有父母的那种虚荣心，她所渴望的是一种平静的生活，和其它的乡村女孩一样她也曾有时在心中坚守着一个纯洁神圣的天堂。
“每个人都有自己的小太阳让心灵温暖，苍穹的梦想，某些喜爱，某些爱好，或者起码的一些遥远而清晰的期盼。
”在小说的开头，苔丝被告之和尊贵的德伯家族是亲戚，在她的父母为此而自豪之时，她却坚持自己是农民的女儿并表现出对贵族血统的轻蔑。
安玑认为苔丝是上帝创造的梦想中的女孩并称她为阿泰米斯，戴特明和其它一些富有想象力的名字。
但苔丝只让他简单地称呼自己苔丝而已。
名字只是名字不能代表什么，这在莎士比亚的《罗密欧和朱丽叶》中也可以看到。
(二)无私奉献苔丝是自然之女，也是自然的化身。
她与自然的统一让她对土地和动物的爱与众不同。
苔丝一直认为她是一个通过自己双手劳动的普通农村女孩。
曾经因为太年轻而无力承受家庭的重担。
当被迫到德伯家去认亲时，她只单纯地认为是去那工作而已。
去牛奶场工作不久，她就说“我现在将要用手挤奶了。
苔丝的勤劳和灵巧的技能使她在牛奶场工作得心应手并成为一位令人满意的挤奶女工。
她与自然的强烈统一使得天气的变化也能反映她的情绪。
浅谈苔丝悲剧的原因
浅谈苔丝悲剧的原因摘要：《德伯家的苔丝》是英国杰出的批判现实主义作家托马斯?哈代（Tomath?Hardy）最著名的长篇小说之一，也是他的代表作。
小说讲述了美丽、善良、纯洁的农村姑娘苔丝被引诱而失身，后来又由于种种原因导致她被法庭处以绞刑的悲惨故事。
导致苔丝悲剧的原因有很多。
本文从主人公的性格特征、社会因素、女性主义视角和作者的创作意图等方面多角度分析造成苔丝悲剧的原因。
笔者认为苔丝的悲剧是以苔丝的性格因素为主，与其它因素共同作用的结果。
关键词：苔丝的悲剧；原因1引言《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代的主要作品，同时也是极富有现实意义的悲剧作品。
尽管作品刚刚发表后被资产阶级猛烈攻击，但它的光辉未被掩盖，直到现在还一直受到人们的称赞。
小说以女主人公苔丝的悲剧为线索真实地再现了十九世纪英国下层社会农民的悲惨生活。
女主人公苔丝也处于这一阶层。
作者在小说中给了苔丝的形象打了恰当的比喻―一只不幸的孤鸟、一只身陷囹圄的小鸟。
这个意象生动地显示了她的不幸、孤独和无助，苔丝的形象正如这只孤鸟。
小说的故事梗概是这样的：十六岁的苔丝是一个美丽、善良、纯洁的农村姑娘。
由于家境贫困，在家庭责任感和父母的劝说下不得不向富有的冒牌远房亲戚亚雷?德伯家攀亲做工。
亚雷?德伯是个纨绔子弟，不久苔丝被他诱奸。
不幸的苔丝愤然回了家，却发现自己怀孕了并生下了孩子。
苔丝选择了远离家乡到一家牛奶场当挤奶女工。
在那里她认识了出身牧师家庭并受过良好教育的安琪儿?克莱尔。
克莱尔为了突破家庭和社会的传统观念来到了这个乡村的牛奶厂寻找他的生活理想。
出于苔丝的美貌，他和苔丝相爱了并且订了婚。
新婚之夜，苔丝相向克莱尔坦白了自己的不幸遭遇，“思想开通”的克莱尔虽和很多女人有过纠缠，却粗暴地抛弃了苔丝远走巴西。
苔丝不得不回到娘家。
不久苔丝的父亲死了，她们全家面临着挨饿的危险；这时已经成为牧师的亚雷又来纠缠苔丝。
苔丝多次写信给克莱尔请求克莱尔与她重归于好，克莱尔却没给苔丝任何回复；面对家庭贫困的压力和亚雷的纠缠，混乱与无奈的状况中，苔丝不得不委身于亚雷。
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲剧性格分析
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲剧性格分析河北北方学院外国语学院马勇康丽英苔丝的悲惨命运及其原因《苔丝》是一部悲剧作品。
小说女主角苔丝是一个美丽善良的农家姑娘。
由于家境贫寒．她不得不听从母亲的劝说。
跑到地主庄园去做工。
被地主少爷亚历克奸污。
怀着身孕回到家乡。
孩子夭折后．她又到一家牛奶厂当挤奶工．在那里遇到了牧师的儿子安琪克莱尔．两人产生了爱情。
新婚之夜。
苔丝出于一片忠诚．向克莱尔坦白了自己失身的遭遇，不想却为丈夫所不容。
克莱尔立即丢下妻子。
独自去了巴西。
苔丝被遗弃后．又跑到一家农场做苦工。
恰在这时亚历克又突然出现．一再跑来纠缠苔丝。
后来在父亲去世．母亲患病，弟妹失学，一家人沦落街头，而克莱尔又杏无音讯的情况下．苔丝只好舍身救家，答应与亚历克同居。
谁知克莱尔经过一场磨难，终于回心转意。
从巴西回来寻找苔丝。
苔丝悔恨交加，怒不可遏地刺死了亚历克。
她在逃亡中与丈夫度过了几天幸福生活，最后被捕，并被判处死刑。
苔丝的命运是悲惨的．她悲惨命运的产生有其一定的偶然因素．但这悲剧本身又是不可避免的。
究其原因，可归结为以下两点：1．外在因素1．1苔丝所处时代男性对女性的支配这部小说反复提到的主题之一是男人支配女人的方式，他们主要是用男性强权向女性发挥威力。
这种男人的支配可以说是苔丝和苔丝那个时代所有女性的悲剧。
1．2家庭因素家庭的破败贫穷是导致苔丝悲剧命运的最开始也是最直接的因素!如果不是家庭贫困．苔丝就不必连夜去赶集：如不是贫困。
父母也就不会逼迫她去认亲：如果不是贫困．在克莱尔没回来的期间也就不会受到那么多屈辱。
更不会下嫁给亚历克。
由此可见．贫穷确实是导致苔丝悲剧命运的最重要条件之一。
2．内在因素：苔丝的性格特征苔丝是哈代作品中最具悲观色彩的女主角。
作者形象地描绘了这样一个既可爱又可悲的角色。
在哈代心中．苔丝拥有一个劳动者应有的各种优秀品质．更优异于那些所谓的贵族与资产阶级。
她孝顺、温柔、坚毅、真诚、勇敢、反叛的性格是我们所称道的．但也正是这些性格特点，才使她自己走向命运的终结。
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的性格特点分析
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苔丝悲剧的原因分析
苔丝悲剧的原因摘要:《伯德家的苔丝》中的女主人公出生在一个贫苦的农民家庭,她天生丽质、自认淳朴、责任心强并且勇于自我牺牲，但这样一位优秀的女孩一生却充满了磨难，并最终沦为杀人犯走上刑场。
许多评论家认为命运是导致苔丝悲剧的根本原因.的确，命运在一定程度上酿成了苔丝的悲剧.但是除此之外,还有其他因素直接或间接造成了这场悲剧。
因此，本文将从社会悲剧、命运悲剧、性格悲剧三个方面来进一步分析苔丝悲剧的原因。
关键词：命运悲剧社会悲剧性格悲剧一、作者简介哈代是一位享有世界声誉的英国小说家和诗人.他一生横跨了两个世纪,共发表了14部长篇小说还有4部短篇小说集，其中最著名的当推《德伯家的苔丝》、《无名的裘德》、《还乡》和《卡斯特桥市长》。
他的作品反映了资本主义侵入英国农村城镇后所引起的社会经济、政治、道德、风俗等方面的深刻变化以及人民（尤其是妇女）的悲惨命运，揭露了资产阶级道德、法律和宗教的虚伪性.二、作品简介哈代在《伯德家的苔丝》中刻画了一位天生丽质、美丽又纯洁的女性。
在性格上她是那么的完美，但是如此聪明、可爱、勤劳善良的一个女孩。
在她无知的情况下被亚雷克侵犯后，等待苔丝的不是社会的同情和怜悯，而是人们的异样眼光和唾弃。
由此，苔丝与命运之间展开了激烈的争斗.苔丝竭尽全力摆脱萦绕在脑海中的不光彩的过去，奋力追求属于自己的幸福，但这一切都无果而终。
她被世俗和社会打上罪人的烙印，并屡次被侵犯她的人设计陷害。
更可悲的是当侵犯者亚雷克逍遥法外时，苔丝却独自承担所有的不公.最终，绝望中的苔丝刺死了亚雷克，并为此付出宝贵的生命。
三、苔丝悲剧的原因（一）社会悲剧1、无情的资本主义社会苔丝生活在一个动荡的时代，在十九世纪到二十世纪这个时代的英国，资本主义生产的入侵使得小农经济解体，迫使小农走向破产。
苔丝就生活在这个时代的一个的小农家庭里，作为长女，她很早就承担起帮助父母养家的重担。
那匹老马“王子”是这个贫穷家庭唯一的财富和经济支柱。
苔丝性格特征及其形成原因
苔丝性格特征及其形成原因摘要:托马斯•哈代塑造的悲剧人物形象苔丝鲜活、感人,她有着朴实、纯洁和善良的内心世界,她对不合理的社会的反抗和她在道德上的传统保守都是由于当时的社会环境及其家庭环境造成的。
正因如此,苔丝成为不朽的艺术形象。
关键词:苔丝性格特征形成原因在英国文学史上,哈代一生跨越两个世纪,有着但丁一样的独特的地位。
他以自己的现实主义创作继承和发扬了英国文学传统,又以自己独特的创作模式融合了现代意识和现代情愫,成为英国文学中一架承上启下的桥梁。
苔丝是哈代在人物塑造方面的高峰。
她有着朴实、纯洁和善良的内心世界,她对不合理社会的反抗和她在道德上的传统保守都是由于当时社会环境及其家庭环境造成的。
正因如此,苔丝成为不朽的艺术形象。
一、苔丝的性格特征苔丝有着丰富的内心世界——她对幸福的追求,对旧礼教的反抗;对亚雷的怨恨,以及对安吉尔的爱情。
从她丰富的内心世界中,既可以看到苔丝善良、朴实的性格特征,又闪烁着她敢于从破旧礼教束缚的叛逆精神。
1. 1善良朴实的苔丝苔丝首先是一个善良朴实的乡下姑娘,她作为家里长女,吃苦耐劳,勇于牺牲,无私奉献,她的家境贫寒,所以很早就帮助母亲操持家务,任劳任怨,为了家庭,她宁愿牺牲自己。
当一家流落荒野,处于危难之中时,她毅然选择了与亚雷再次同居。
苔丝善良的本性使她放弃了自己本身坚持的爱情,那份宁愿剃掉眉毛扮演丑女的坚持。
在自己的爱情和家人面前,她毅然放弃了自己对幸福的追求,这种做法虽然是迫于无奈,但却是值得尊重的,苔丝用自己的行动证明对家人无限关爱,牺牲自己也在所不辞。
她不贪慕虚荣,没有被亚雷家的富裕所吸引。
当克莱尔提议苔丝改姓伯德,以提高身躯地位的时候,苔丝断然拒绝了,以上这些都充分体现了苔丝的质朴,鄙视门第观念,以劳动为荣的高尚品德。
1.2反抗的苔丝苔丝的反抗性格还体现在苔丝对待她那个本不该降生的孩子身上,她不顾世俗的眼光和风言风语,坚持把孩子生下并自己抚养,这在当时是需要很大勇气的。
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因《德伯家的苔丝》是英国著名作家托马斯·哈代的代表作之一，讲述了一个贫苦家庭的女孩苔丝在追寻自由和幸福的过程中遭遇的一系列悲剧。
苔丝的悲剧成因可以从多个方面来分析。
一是社会背景。
小说所描写的时代是十九世纪末的英国，当时的社会阶级分化非常严重，贫富的差距极大。
贫苦的苔丝身处于社会的最底层，受到社会的歧视和压迫，无法改变自己的命运。
她的出生就注定了她只能在社会的边缘挣扎生存，而且在如此恶劣的生存环境中，她的个性更加沉稳，容易忍耐，这又使得她更加容易受到他人的欺负和摆布。
二是家庭环境。
苔丝出生在一个贫困的家庭中，家庭的经济状况极度不稳定。
尤其是她的父亲常常沉溺于酒精中难以自拔，无力承担家庭的生活开支，这使得苔丝一家人的生活非常艰难。
而苔丝的母亲则是个痴心妄想的人，她希望通过苔丝的美貌可以让她改善家庭的经济状况，不断推销她去打工，甚至连婚姻都可以拿出去买卖。
这种家庭环境使苔丝倍感无助和无奈，无论走到哪里都感觉像是处于一个囚笼之中。
三是感情生活。
苔丝在感情生活中的悲剧也是非常显著的。
虽然她在德伯府度过了一段幸福的时光，看到了希望，但她还是无法迎来自己真正的幸福。
原因在于，苔丝爱上了犹太人阿伯拉罕·西姆童子，而这种跨越阶级和文化的恋情在当时的社会是不被允许的。
阿伯拉罕·西姆童子身为犹太人，他的身份和传统经历使得这场恋情注定不会成功。
而苔丝的自尊心又使得她不愿意妥协，最终导致她失去了爱情和自由。
总之，苔丝的悲剧成因来源复杂且多方面，反映了十九世纪英国社会阶级分化的严重现状，也反映了当时社会对于自由和平等的缺乏认知。
托马斯·哈代通过塑造苔丝这一角色，揭示了当时社会的阴暗面，同时也引起了人们对于社会公正和人权的思考和关注。
苔丝的家庭遗传因素
苔丝的家庭遗传因素
苔丝的家庭遗传因素可以包括以下几个方面：
1. 遗传疾病：苔丝可能会遗传到某些家族中常见的遗传疾病，如先天性心脏病、遗传性白血病、血友病等。
这些疾病是由于某些异常基因的存在而导致的。
2. 遗传特质：苔丝可以从家族中继承到一些特定的遗传特质，如眼睛的颜色、身高、体质等。
这些特质是通过家族的基因传递下来的。
3. 遗传性心理疾病：苔丝也可能会遗传到某些心理疾病，如抑郁症、精神分裂症等。
这些疾病可能与某些基因的突变或变异有关。
4. 遗传性癌症：苔丝有可能从家族中继承到某些遗传性癌症的风险。
家族中如果有人患有乳腺癌、结直肠癌、卵巢癌等癌症，那么苔丝可能面临更高的患病风险。
要了解苔丝的家庭遗传因素，应该进行详细的家族调查，了解苔丝家族中的疾病史和遗传特点。
同时，可以通过进行基因检测来更准确地了解苔丝的个体遗传信息，以便更好地进行健康管理和预防。
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苔丝性格特征及其形成原因
摘要:托马斯•哈代塑造的悲剧人物形象苔丝鲜活、感人,她有着朴实、纯洁和善良的内心世界,她对不合理的社会的反抗和她在道德上的传统保守都是由于当时的社会环境及其家庭环境造成的。
正因如此,苔丝成为不朽的艺术形象。
关键词:苔丝性格特征形成原因
在英国文学史上,哈代一生跨越两个世纪,有着但丁一样的独特的地位。
他以自己的现实主义创作继承和发扬了英国文学传统,又以自己独特的创作模式融合了现代意识和现代情愫,成为英国文学中一架承上启下的桥梁。
苔丝是哈代在人物塑造方面的高峰。
她有着朴实、纯洁和善良的内心世界,她对不合理社会的反抗和她在道德上的传统保守都是由于当时社会环境及其家庭环境造成的。
正因如此,苔丝成为不朽的艺术形象。
一、苔丝的性格特征
苔丝有着丰富的内心世界——她对幸福的追求,对旧礼教的反抗;对亚雷的怨恨,以及对安吉尔的爱情。
从她丰富的内心世界中,既可以看到苔丝善良、朴实的性格特征,又闪烁着她敢于从破旧礼教束缚的叛逆精神。
1. 1善良朴实的苔丝
苔丝首先是一个善良朴实的乡下姑娘,她作为家里长女,吃苦耐劳,勇于牺牲,无私奉献,她的家境贫寒,所以很早就帮助母亲操持家务,任劳任怨,为了家庭,她宁愿牺牲自己。
当一家流落荒野,处于危难之中时,她毅然选择了与亚雷再次同居。
苔丝善良的本性使她放弃了自己本身坚持的爱情,那份宁愿剃掉眉毛扮演丑女的坚持。
在自己的爱情和家人面前,她毅然放弃了自己对幸福的追求,这种做法虽然是迫于无奈,但却是值得尊重的,苔丝用自己的行动证明对家人无限关爱,牺牲自己也在所不辞。
她不贪慕虚荣,没有被亚雷家的富裕所吸引。
当克莱尔提议苔丝改姓伯德,以提高身躯地位的时候,苔丝断然拒绝了,以上这些都充分体现了苔丝的质朴,鄙视门第观念,以劳动为荣的高尚品德。
1.2反抗的苔丝
苔丝的反抗性格还体现在苔丝对待她那个本不该降生的孩子身上,她不顾世俗的眼光和风言风语,坚持把孩子生下并自己抚养,这在当时是需要很大勇气的。
特别是当孩子生病夭折的时候,苔丝的表现更是勇敢和惊人。
苔丝的反抗性还表现在她对爱情的真挚不渝,为了真爱的安吉尔,她不惜剪掉了自己的眉毛,把脸裹起来扮成丑女。
在小说的最后苔丝的反抗性更加强烈——在苔丝所处的十九世纪后期,法律禁止男子与死去的妻子的姐妹结婚,但她蔑视这一法律,所以希望丈夫与妹妹日后能共同生活。
以上这些都体现了苔丝对宗教的蔑视以及对不合理社会的反抗。
1.3传统的苔丝
苔丝有着双重的性格,她在反抗传统道德的同时,又用传统的道德标准静观自己,认为自己是有罪的。
当她深爱的安吉尔向她求婚时,传统的道德标准又一次挡在了她的面前。
从这些都可以看出苔丝是在用传统道德观念来抑制自己的真实感情,她从骨子里还是认为自己是个不清不白的女人,不配拥有像安吉尔这样优秀的男人。
二、苔丝性格形成的原因
2.1 社会因素
苔丝生活在英国资本主义侵袭到农村的维多利亚时代。
随着资本主义的入侵,那些自食其力的占有少量土地和生产资料的农民,都不得不随之破产。
苔丝家中的老马被邮车撞死后引起家中经济生活的改变,在无路可走之下,苔丝不得不去亚雷家工作,这是小说的一个导火索,正是这样的一个开端导致苔丝日后生活的诸多无奈,所以才会奋起反抗。
不公正的法律制度是导致苔丝性格中传统部分主要因素,亚雷在乡野称霸,为非作歹,却受到法律的保护,而苔丝却被判处死刑。
苔丝无形中接受资本主义法律制度或多或少的熏陶,因此在她性格中有服从于当时法律的影子,因为她也像其他的老百姓一样接受周围所谓正当的一切行为,当不幸降临她身上,她也在用世俗的眼光衡量着自己,苔丝虽然有反抗当时不公的做法,但她最终依然无法摆脱自己内心的传统成分。
苔丝性格的反抗性与伪善的宗教也紧密相连。
亚雷是个暴发户,是一个“肉欲的人”。
他设下圈套引诱了苔丝,却利用《圣经》的典故把责任推到苔丝身上。
后来他还居然变成了一个全人行善的牧师。
可见,在资本主义社会,宗教只是反动统治阶级麻醉、欺骗和愚弄劳动人民的一种工具。
马克思曾指出:“基督教带有假仁
假义的烙印。
”宗教为资产阶级凌辱和玷污妇女提供了理论上的依据,苔丝就是在这样的情形下,断绝了宗教的来往,不顾一切,而亲自杀死他。
2.2 家庭因素
苔丝贫苦的农民家庭出身,家庭拮据的经济状况和不负责的父母造就了苔丝坚强的品性,作为一个美丽但身份低下的女性,在维多利亚时代,苔丝受大环境影响,所以在骨子里是传统的,但在经受诸多不公之后就很容易激起她原本传统的性格中的反抗部分。
苔丝作为一个农家孩子,贫困的现状让苔丝决定用自己的劳动来养活自己一家,结果在亚雷家惨遇不幸,从此开始她悲惨的人生道路。
苔丝在受到世俗舆论、传统道德迫害的同时,又用这一道德标准来静观自己,认为自己是有罪的。
苔丝正是这样用一张自己织成的道德罗网把自己束缚起来。
综上所述,苔丝性格形成原因既有社会因素,也有家庭因素。
但这些因素都与当时资本主义社会有着直接的联系,是资本主义社会的种种反映,所以骨子里传统的苔丝最终做出反抗也是必然的。
三、结语
哈代的悲剧性小说《德伯家的苔丝》之所以显得十分出色,一个重要的原因是,他塑造了一个动人的悲剧性人物——苔丝,由于主观或客观的原因,她犯了这样或那样的错误而造成了悲剧性的结果。
她是好人但不是完人;她有着令人同情甚至钦佩的品质和性格,同时她也有着凡人不可避免的缺点和缺陷;她的生活方式、思想感情和悲惨结局更能反映时代的现实,获得了我们的共鸣。
参考文献:
《德伯家的苔丝》江苏少年儿童出版社,2008年3月
《外国文学史》高等教育出版社,郑克鲁主编,2006年6月。