大学英语六级综合改错精析
大学英语六级综合改错精析
大学英语六级考试不单独考察语法知识，而是在综合改错中，即在语篇上考察考生对语
法知识的综合熟练运用程度。
改错是较高级的考试中常见的题型，无论语法、词汇还是惯用法都是改错的对象，这就要求考生具备相当高的英语综合运用能力。
因此，在某种程度上，它反映了应试者的总体水平。
短文形式的改错不仅要求考生有较高的阅读理解能力，而且要求以一种连贯的眼光和思
路去处理这一部分的内容。
短文通常200字左右，有十处语法或词汇方面的错误。主要包括：
主谓一致、语态、连接词（并列句和从句）、形容词、副词（及其比较级和最高级）、非
谓语动词（-ing分词，-ed分词和不定式）、代词、倒装、赘述、易混淆的词等。
有的错误在某一短句或句子中一眼能辨别，有的错误则必须在充分理解上下文的基础上
才能识别。考生在答题前一定要认真阅读并理解短文，答题时要参考和琢磨上下文。
为了能使考生较为彻底地把握识别错误和解决错误的途径，以下我从典型的错误类型归
类入手，总结归纳易错的原因，再通过单句改错的形式举例分析具体的应试技巧。
一主谓一致、名词单复数
A解析
英语中，谓语动词必须和主语保持一致，即主语的人称和数决定动词的形式，即主谓一致关系。
这一错误类型在错误各类型的排列中处于首位，是因为在表达中非常常见。出现错误的原因大致有以下几种：1）主语的单复数没有搞清楚或无法确定； 2 ）对主谓一致的原则不熟练；3）主语、谓语间插入了其他成分，如定语、同位语，这些成分往往构成了干扰因素。
B）做这类的题应注意的几点：1）从形式上判断。规则名词看字形，不规则名词要熟记，单复数同形的可借助句中的其他线索，如从句或并列句中的主动词是单数还是复数。
2）从含义上判断。有些集合名词既可表示单数概念，也可表示复数概念，因此谓语动词的数要根据上下文的含义来判定。要保证概念上一致。
3）熟练掌握主谓一致方面的语法知识可习惯用法。如either of ；neither of 等词组做主语时，谓语动词应用单数。主谓一致不仅存在于主句，也从句中动词和先行词的一
致。
C） 1）名词前有neither ，every，each，much, little ，a little 等修饰语，名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数；
2）主语由neither…nor , either…or , not only …but also 连接两个名词或代词时，
要运用"就近原则”。在there be 句型中，也是如此，以neither和either后面的词
为依据。由or连接两个主语时，位于谓语动词的数应与or后面的词保持一致；
3）as well as 要运用"就远原则”；
4）表示金钱、价格、距离、时间、重量的词做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数；
5）"名词+and+名词”结构指同一人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数；、由kind （form, part, piece, portio n, secti on, sort, type 等）+ of + 名词时，谓语动词的单复数由这些
词本身的单复数决定，与后面的名词无关；
6）单个-ing分词，单个不定式，that从句以及wh-从句做主语，谓语动词用单数；7）
ma ny a +单数可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。More than one 也用单数。
Two hun dred pounds are too un reas on able a price for such a shabby bicycle.
(is)
A large part of the laboratory ' s costly newequipments had been removed.
(equipme nt)
Neither of the colors are acceptable to him. (is)
He was the only one of the can didates who were able to carry out his campaig n pledges.
(was)
Many a woman feel entitled to more in life than just housework. (feels)
On the other side of the issue was the English iron manufacturers who desired more iron to make into n ails, tools and other iron wares. (were)
You may feel very much irritated when you buy a costly new book and find
that one or more pages is missing. (are)
二语态：(主动和被动)
A) 解析：被动语态的形式较复杂。其基本构成为be + ed分词。被动语态不仅出现在谓语
动词的位置上，还延伸到动词出现的一切位置上，包括动词的不定式，-ing分词和情态
动词后。所以考生在审视考题时，要注意以上各方面，以防疏漏。
B) 错误主要归纳为三种：1)混淆了主动和被动语态；2)没有掌握被动语态的结构(各个
时态的被动语态)：记住被动的基本结构，及在be上的各种时态变化；需小心除谓语动
词以外的其他位置上的被动语态等；3)被动语态中过去分词的错误；4)约定俗成的习惯用法。如：“ be to blame ”
*The crop has harvested in the fall of the year after it had been planted. (was) 在做被动语态题时，要兼顾时态、数等各因素
*The ben efit of goat ' s milk lies in the fact that it is more easily to digest by infants. (to be digested)
*The female employees were made work over 16 hours everyday in that factory. (to work)
三连接词(并列句和从句)
A) 解析：六级考试改错题型中常出现大量的并列句和复合句，因此连接词就很容易出题，而且这类
错误较隐蔽，难度较大。连接词包括：并列连词、从属连词和关系词等。对于连词要注意一些并列的连词词组，要注意其搭配关系。
B) 1)so that和such that都是从属连词，意义一样，功能也一样，但so后面必须放形
容词或副词，如加名词，则该名词必须是单数可数名词；such是修饰名词的，其后可跟可数或不可数名词，这些名词前可有修饰语；2)注意固定搭配：no sooner…than, hardly
(scarcely, barely)…when等，并要倒装。强调结构，It + be +被强调部分+ that…。
3)定语从句中关系代词，关系副词的用法； 4 ) that引导表语从句、主语从句、同位
语从句时不可省略，引导宾语从句和在限制性定语从句中做宾语，可省略。5) neither , nor的区别，neither 一般只做副词，不做连词，而nor都可。…,nor ???(原则：副
词不能做连接词)
*There is no agreeme nt as to goals, n either is there any systematic approach
or in tegrated program. (nor)
*The Smiths are so interesting people that _______ every time we meet, we can ' t seem to stop talk ing. (such)
*1 don ' t think it ' ll rain but I ' ll take an umbrella as if it does. (in case,
lest免得，以防万一)
* It was whe n he was out of work
when he took to drinking, (that)
四形容词和副词
A）形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级是改错考题中必考的类型之一。常出的错误有：
1 ）不能区别是哪两部分进行比较。是主语之间、宾语之间、还是时间状语之间、地
点状语之间的比较。2）不可分级的形容词和副词误用了比较结构。3）比较级和最高级之间的混淆。4）两极结构之间的错误等。
B）考生应掌握：1）同一组或同一群体内，其中之一与其他成员比较时，than之后要用还有"其他”字眼的词组，女口：any other, all the others, anyone else, anything
else 等；
2）固定搭配：有些形容词女口superior, in ferior, senior, junior, major, minor, prior,
previous本身就含有"比较”之意，故前面不用" more”，后面不用"than ”。动词prefer 等比较时，不用than，而用to ;另more than，less than等固定搭配。
3）—般来说，of all ，of the whole ，of the entire 等是使用最高级的标志。
4）注意倍数的表达法：数词+times + as + 形容词的原级+ as ;数词+ times +more
（或其他形容词的比较级）+ than ；数词+ times + that （the +名词）+ of +比
较对象。
Of all the Christmas toys the boy saw in the win dow, the thing he wan ted more was a
bicycle. （most）
Everest is almost three times as high than the Matteriom, the highest mountain in Europe.
（as）
No other quality is more important for a scientist to acquire as the quality
to observe carefully. （tha n）
五非谓语动词（不定式，-ing分词，-ed分词）
A）解析：该类型出题的形式是多样的，如：使非谓语动词和谓语动词相混淆；非谓语动词本身形式不对；非谓语动词发生的时间和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序相混淆；
非谓语动词的三部分相混淆等。
B）要做好这部分题，必须要牢记一些固定搭配。如哪些动词后跟不定式，哪些跟动名词，哪些又两者兼可。还要注意逻辑上的一致原则，即非谓语动词的主语是否和句子的主语保持一
致，若不一致则须在非谓语动词前加上逻辑主语。还要注意平行结
构。Remember, forget, regret, mean, try 后加不定式或动名词的区别；介词+
which + to do 的结构；连接词which, how, what, whe n, where, whether 等+ 动
词不定式做宾语。
宾语补足语make sb. do sth., be made to do sth 等的变化.；see / hear sb. do
/doing sth. 的区别等。
*A few years ago, while traveli ng through Italy, the idea of the history of Floren ti ne architecture occurred to him. （while he traveli ng）
*You' re going to England next year. You should practise to speak English as much as
possible. （practise speak ing）
* The main purpose of the early lyceum movement was improving the school, bring about
better teacher training, and establish libraries. （to improve）
六代词
A) 解析：要掌握各类代词：人称，物主，反身，不定代词以及代词的各种格。注意同位
语从句，定语从句等从句中的关系代词的用法(与前面的连接词交叉) 。代词是代替
实义词或意义的，一定要弄清代词所指代的对象，不要被各种插入语干扰。每次使用代词时，一定要清楚地知道此代词指代前面何物，注意反向定位。
B) 指示代词that和those指代前面刚提到的名词；this和these多指代下文要说到的东西或情
况。
*Numerous efforts have bee n made to promote the laws gover ning air polluti on,
but none has bee n as successful as these devised by the state of Oreg on. (those)
*The speaker announced that there was a small fire and directed them nearest the door to leave first. (those) 省略了who were
* He is one of the rare men who are genuin ely thoughtful and con siderate of fellow intending to adva nee himself by these means, (themselves)
*Students who apply for admission to British Universities are obliged to provide evidenee which their education has qualified them to follow a course leading to a degree. (that)
七倒装
A) 解析：倒装分为语法倒装和修饰性倒装。改错题型中更侧重语法倒装。由于倒装有规律
可循，故较容易。应该记住倒装的先决条件和一些典型例子。一些带否定意义的表达式放在句首，only引导的状语放在句首，so，such等放在句首要倒装。虚拟条件句中，省略if 等句子要倒装。表方位的副词如：here , there ,up, down等，和介词词组in front of, in the…等置于句首时，句子要全部倒装。As做连词，引导让步状语时，句子须倒
装。(只把表语形容词提前) not until 中不可省略not。
B) Here the clown comes with whom we are familiar. (comes the clown).
Were an international student work without proper papers, he would be in
violatio n of his visa. ( should)
The bus compa ny started offeri ng reduced fares to older people last year, so _ do one of the taxi compa ni es. (did)
Only when David did it a second time he realized his mistakes. (did he realize)
八缺漏和赘述
A) 缺漏某些不可少或添加了不必要的词或短语都会造成句意不通。一般缺漏或添加的词
多为介词，代词，关系词或连词。如不可出现双主语现象：即句子已有主语，不可在同一谓语前加另外的代词，(不能既用名词又用具有重复意义的代词同时做主语) 。
另外，hardly, scarcely, rarely, never, little 等词本身已表否定，不能再加not 等。
B) Monsoon winds, sometimes masked by other features of the general atmospheric
circulation, they are associated with nearly all large continental land masses. (去掉they)
九修饰词的错误
A)形容词的功能是修饰名词、做表语或宾补。副词修饰动词、形容词和分词。系动词和
感官动词后要接形容词。副词多以-ly结尾，但以-ly结尾的词不全是副词。
B) 复合形容词中，在有连字符的情况下，名词要用单数。A-three-year-old-boy ；以a- 开头的的形容词一般只做表语，不做单词修饰语。如：asleep, alike, alive ，awake等；区别：wide (张得
很大)和widely (广泛地)；high (高，奢侈地)和highly (高度地，非常) ；enough 做形容词，修饰名词，放在其前，做副词时，修饰形容词和副词，应后置。
American children are taught to treat their pets friendly . (as friend)
He flung the door widely open. (wide)
The most high praised performances …(highly)
十易混词的辨析：
近义词，形近词等arise, arose, rise, raise ；convention, conversion, conception, conviction; transmission, transformation, transportation, transfer, transplant;
considerate; considerable; continuous, continues, consistent, constant; worth (介词)后加名词或相当于名词的词组构成介词短语, worthy (值得尊敬的，值得重视的；值得的… ，必须用在be worthy of ，be worthy to do )，worthwhile (值得花精力的，值得花钱的) ；doubt ，suspect ( doubt 是怀疑某事的真实性；suspect 是猜想某事的真实的，但因缺乏证据，不能完全肯定。)……掌握一些常见的前缀，后缀等知识。要注意区分同
根异义词，如：sleep ，asleep 等。
*The style of a play derives from the concrete material and degree of realism incorporated into its
dialogue. ( specific )一部戏剧的风格来自于具体的材料并融入其对话中现实主义的程度。(concrete 是形容那些具体存在的，可的、触摸感觉到的物体，与“抽象”相对；specific
与“笼统”相对，强调“特定” ，表示“具体的，明确的” )
I had traveled a long distance to come here, but it is worth because I met
my best friend. (worthwhile)
答题步骤
1) 熟悉题型，做到心中有数。
2) 通读全文，了解短文主题。在标有题号行找出容易辨认的词法、句法错误，如词性误
用，代词的使用错误，主谓不一致，修饰语和名词不一致，时态的错误等。
3) 如若没有，应查看是否有词的搭配错误，冠词是否多余或遗漏，介词是否用错
4) 在前三步的基础上，辨析有词义区别的同义词、同根词、同形词等。
5) 从整体上查看短文逻辑发展是否一致，连贯；句中是否有相反意义的词构成的单词；连
词，副词是否得当，是否有上下文逻辑混乱的现象，找出错误项。
6) 找到错误项后，将答案代入，查看是否从语法、语义及逻辑关系上成立。
7) 实在找不出，挑一个可能错了的词进行改正。因为，改错了扣 1 分，不改也是
扣 1 分。所以改了总比不改好，并有改对了的可能性。
注意：三种改错方式：替换，增添，删除。替换类型出现率最高。其他一般各出现一次，
偶尔也会多出。题中无印刷、标点及拼写错误。正确答案一般简洁、直接、对应。如：He was hired due to his quarrel with his boss. (fired)
专八改错题技巧
专八改错题技巧+经验 改错题采取的避实就虚的原则，应该从根本上解决问题，大量做题未必是件好事，所谓的基本是指语法概念，我们称之为虚的概念，如主谓一致、代词、冠词、副词、分词、逻辑关系、固定搭配、等是最容易出题的地方，学生应该作一写针对语言点、基本功的练习，推荐宫玉波《语言点必备》达到对语言点的敏感程度。改错不难，关键是对语言点的把握，改错就是以一种比较复杂的结构靠一些比较基础的语言点知识。 对于改错这一题型与其他一些形式不同，它需要考生对英语具备相当高的综合运用能力。无论是语法、词汇还是惯用法都能成为改错的对象。考生必须在全面理解短文内容的基础上指出并改正错误，使句子和短文的意思以及句、段的结构正确、完整。这种改错要求考生具有语篇水平（Discourse level）。故此可以说，在某种程度上，它能较清晰地反映出考生的总体英文水平。 另外，该题型的主要特点是，一改传统的句子单位改错，代之以篇章单位的短文形式。这一改革不仅要求考生有更高的阅读理解能力，而且迫使考生摆脱原先较为孤立片面的思维定势，以一种连贯的思路整体的眼光去适应这一新题型。 做题时千万不要拿起来就改。正确的做法是先从头到尾通读全文，在正确理解或大致正确理解甚至在猜想原文的前提下，再仔细推敲需要改正或增添的内容。此时，考生必须充分调动所掌握的语法和词汇两方面的知识，发挥自身领会、推理，判断乃至猜想的能力，并利用以往的学习经验.做起题来才能游刃有余。 找出错误并改正后，还要注意通读全文。从词汇和语法两方面来检查被改正后的短文的意思是否通顺，逻辑概念是否严密合理，结构是否正确，完整。 总而言之，这一题型对于中国考生来讲，难度很大，因为要求考生指出和改正的错误往往是考生在英语学习中常犯和易犯的错误，不易察觉。这就要求考生在学习时不能'知半解、似是而非，而必须十分仔细、认真并多做这类改错练习，而且每次练习都要遵照正确的方法和步骤.久而久之就能容易地发现和改正语病，答对率也会逐步提高，从而会增强信心，考出最佳成绩。 为了能使考生较为彻底地把握解决错误、识别语病的钥匙，为了避免“知其然而不知其所以然”的现象，我们首先从错误类型归类着手，介绍易于记忆的、起关键作用的要点、标记，并以此作为钥匙去开启识别、改正短文的语病之大门。具体地讲，错误类型有以下几种：1.主谓一致；2.动词时态；3.动词语态：主动／被动语态；4.连接词／并列句／从句；5.比较级；6.虚拟语气；7.非谓语动词；8.代词与先行词的一致；9.倒装句语序；10.赘述；11.增添词；12.易混淆的词。
2019年12月英语六级改错模拟题(5)
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