水稻抗旱基因调控机制及其分子育种利用_王莉

分子植物育种，2014年，第12卷，第5期，第1027-1033页

Molecular Plant Breeding,2014,Vol.12,No.5,1027-1033

评述与展望

Review and Progress

水稻抗旱基因调控机制及其分子育种利用

王莉1,2钱前1*张光恒1*

1中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州,310006;2中国农科院研究生院,北京,100081

*通讯作者,qianqian188@;zhangguangheng@

摘要稻米是中国最主要的粮食作物之一，多途径提高水稻单产和稻米总量，对解决我国粮食安全上具有十分重要的意义。而如何解决日益增长的水稻总产需求和干旱缺水环境之间的矛盾是中国21世纪将面临的最严重的粮食问题之一。本文从水稻抗旱种质资源及耐旱基因的功能角度出发，对抗旱育种的种质资源，耐(抗)旱基因调控机理及其分子育种应用等研究进展进行综述。综合分析认为，水稻抗旱特性调控基因主要包括功能基因和调节基因两大类：功能基因的调控作用主要表现在蛋白酶的调节、糖类物质积累、渗透调节、有毒物质降解和水稻细胞机构调节等五个方面；而调节基因则主要参与编码信号转导相关的信号因子和响应胁迫的转录因子家族。这些基因的克隆为水稻抗旱性研究和抗旱育种奠定了理论基础。此外，中国抗旱分子育种还处于起始阶段，受种植区域、生产成本、稻米品质及病虫害抗性等方面影响，旱稻推广面积偏小。在中国转基因水稻尚未全面放开背景下，目前转基因旱稻品种选育和技术研究还处于技术储备层面。在现阶段抗旱育种实践重点是提高旱稻育种效率和选育技术创新，同时兼顾高产、抗病虫害农艺特性，结合分子技术聚合或导入外源抗旱基因，选育高产、耐旱、优质旱稻品种，充分挖掘旱稻增产潜力。这将为我国缓和粮食生产与淡水资源缺乏之间的矛盾提供新思路，为确保我国粮食安全、调整优化农业结构、促进节水农业持续发展开辟一条新途径。

关键词水稻,抗旱基因,调控机理,分子育种

Regulation Mechanism of Drought-resistance Genes and its Molecular Breeding Utilization in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Wang Li1,2Qian Qian1*Zhang Guangheng1*

1State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou,310006;2Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agri-cultural Sciences,Beijing,100081

*Corresponding authors,qianqian188@;zhangguangheng@

DOI:10.13271/j.mpb.012.001027

Abstract Rice is one of the main food crops in our country,and it is very important to improve rice yield and total rice product by multiple pathways for food security.But how to solve the contradiction between the require-ment of increasing total amount of rice and the environment of water shortage is the most serious problem we will face in the21st century.The paper expounds the advance in germplasm resources in drought-resistance breeding, regulation mechanism of drought-resistance genes and its molecular breeding application from the point of the drought-resistance germplasm resources and the functions of drought-tolerance genes in rice.The comprehensive analysis comes to the conclusion that drought resistance regulation mechanism mainly consist of functional genes and regulatory genes.The regulating effects of functional genes mainly reflect in protease adjustment, carbohydrate accumulation,osmotic adjustment,toxic material degradation and rice cell machinery regulation; regulatory genes are primarily participate in coding signal factors related to transduction and transcription factors

收稿日期：2014-01-07接受日期：2013-03-27网络出版日期：2014-07-15

URL:/index.php/mpbopa/article/view/1983

基金项目：本研究由国家自然科学基金重大研究计划培育项目(91335105)和国家自然科学基金面上项目(31171531)共同资助