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《现代物流管理》云南财经大学商学共41页文档

《现代物流管理》云南财经大学商学共41页文档
云南电视台专题片 《策划云南(11)——解析第三利润源泉》
(李严锋教授专访)
一、物流与物流管理概述
1.1 管理的含义
• 泰勒:“确切知道要别人去干什么,并注意他们用最好最 经济的方法去干”;
• 法约尔:管理是所有的人类组织(不论是家庭、企业或政 府)都有的一种活动,这种活动由五项要素组成:计划、
组织、指挥。协调和控制。管理就是实行计划、组织、指 挥、协调和控制; • 孔茨:管理就是设计和保持一种良好环境,使人在群体里
1.4 物流的分类
(1)按物流的范畴分为社会物流和企业物 流
(2)根据作用领域的不同,物流分为生产 领域的物流和流通领域的物流
(3)根据发展的历史进程,将物流分为传 统物流、综合物流和现代物流
(4)根据提供服务的主体不同,将物流分 为代理物流和生产企业内部物流
(5)按物流的流向不同,还可以分为内向 物流和外向物流
《现代物流管理》云南财经大 学商学
《现代物流管理》
云南财经大学商学院 院长 物流研究所 所长
教育部物流类专业教学指导委员会委员 李严锋 教授、博士
其他参考资料Other references
• •manufacturing • •exel •usco •物流、物流世界、物流技术与应用、工业工程管理 •现代物流报、物流技术、物流科技、中国物流与采 购、商场现代化、商业时代、环球供应链 •International Journal of Logistics •International Journal of Logistics Information
流程:物流中之“流”可以理解为生产的“流程”。生产领域中之
物料是按工艺流程要求进行运动的,这个流程水平高低、合理与 否对生产的成本和效益以及生产规模影响颇大,因而生产领域 “流”的问题是非常重要的。

校园超市库存管理系统的设计与实现本科毕业论文

校园超市库存管理系统的设计与实现本科毕业论文

云南财经大学学生毕业论文(设计)题目:校园超市库存管理系统的设计与实现院(系):信息学院专业:计算科学与技术(经济信息处理)班级:计经 11-1学号: 201105001493论文作者:杨子江指导教师:沈俊媛指导教师职称:讲师2015年 5 月原创性及知识产权声明云南财经大学本科毕业论文(设计)原创性及知识产权声明本人郑重声明:所呈交的毕业论文(设计)是本人在导师的指导下取得的成果。

对本论文(设计)的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。

因本毕业论文(设计)引起的法律结果完全由本人承担。

本毕业论文(设计)成果归云南财经大学所有。

特此声明毕业论文(设计)作者签名:作者专业:计算机科学与技术(经济信息处理)作者学号:2011050014932015年5月9日目录原创性及知识产权声明 (I)中文摘要及关键词 (V)英文摘要及关键词 (VI)引言 (1)一、系统概述 (2)(一)系统开发的意义 (2)(二)系统任务 (2)(三)系统目标 (2)二、系统主要开发工具及平台介绍 (3)(一)开发运行环境 (3)(二)开发工具及平台介绍 (3)三、系统分析 (5)(一)系统开发的必要性 (5)(二)系统开发的可行性 (5)(三)需求分析 (6)(四)功能需求分析 (6)(五)软件和硬件需求分析 (6)四、系统设计 (8)(一)系统总体设计 (8)(二)系统功能总体设计 (8)(三)数据库设计 (10)五、校园超市库存管理的实现 (16)(一)用户登录的设计与实现 (16)(二)员工信息管理 (17)(三)供应商信息管理 (17)(四)进货信息管理 (18)(五)商品销售管理 (18)(六)库存信息 (19)(七)退货信息 (20)(八)数据备份 (20)六、系统测试 (22)(一)测试范围 (22)(二)系统的运行和维护 (22)总结 (24)附录 (25)参考文献 (35)致谢 (36)图表目录图4- 1 系统总体结构图 (9)图4- 2 员工的实体及属性 (10)图4- 3 供应商的实体及属性 (11)图4- 4 进货实体及属性 (11)图4- 5 销售实体及属性 (11)图4- 6 库存信息实体及属性 (12)图4- 7 退货信息实体及属性 (12)表4- 1 员工基本信息表 (13)表4- 2 供应商信息表 (13)表4- 3 商品进货信息表 (13)表4- 4 销售信息表 (14)表4- 5 库存信息表 (14)表4- 6 退货信息表 (14)图5- 1 登录窗口 (16)图5- 2 主界面 (16)图5- 3 员工基本信息 (17)图5- 4 供应商信息 (18)图5- 5 进货信息管理 (18)图5- 6 进货信息查询 (18)图5- 7 商品销售管理 (19)图5- 8 销售信息查询 (19)图5- 9 库存信息 (20)图5- 10 商品退货信息 (20)图5- 11 数据备份 (21)摘要随着科学技术的不断进步与发展,计算机技术已在人们的工作生活中起着越来越重要的作用商品渐渐深入人们的生活之中。

云南财经大学国际工商学院澳班BUS 384论文.

云南财经大学国际工商学院澳班BUS 384论文.

A Research on the Relationship betweenProject Implementation, ProjectManager and Organization CultureContent1. Introduction (2)2. The importance of the implementation of projects and external forces changed project management ways (2)2.1 The importance of the implementation of projects to strategic planning andproject managers (2)2.2 External forces that have changed the way projects are managed (4)3. Mechanisms to sustain the organization culture and project culture (6)3. 1 Mechanisms to sustain the culture of a global organization (6)3.2 An effective mechanism to sustain the culture of projects in a globalenvironment (7)4. Conclusion (8)Reference (10)11. IntroductionToday more and more companies, especially global organizations, tend to use project management approach to manage the organizations. A key point of project management is the implementation of projects. To achieve an effective project management, an organization should firstly have a clear understanding of the importance of the project implementations and then consider some external environmental forces that have changed the way projects are managed.It is noted that organization culture is an important internal factor that influences project management. How to sustain organization culture is now an emerging issue that enterprises, especially global enterprise, need to pay special attention to.This essay firstly analyzed the importance of the implementation of projects to strategic planning and project managers, as well as some key external environmental forces that have changed the way projects are managed. And then some mechanisms were introduced that can sustain organizational culture. Finally the essay analyzed a mechanism that has the biggest effect on sustaining the culture of projects in a global environment. These analyses can help enterprises to form a clear and overall understanding of project management and the outcomes can be transferred to application in practice.2. The importance of the implementation of projects and external forces changed project management ways2.1 The importance of the implementation of projects to strategic planning and project managersProject is a temporary work to create unique products or services with some constraints (Kloppenborg, 2015, p. 4). Strategic planning is to set up long-term or short-term objectives to provide some kind of products or services that satisfy the customers’ n eeds. Project manager is responsible for planning and implementing the projects to meet scale and quality requirement with limited time and cost. Implementing projects is an important part of strategic planning and an effective way to achieve organization’s objectives (Wang & Li, 2008, p. 104). Thus, the implementation of projects is important to both strategic planning and project managers. Specifically, the importance is reflected in the following aspects:2Implementing projects contributes to achieve the objectives of strategic planning. There is a close relationship between project management and strategic planning. In order to take the strategy into practice, many project-based enterprises may divide an overall strategic planning into specific projects. Enterprises may implement different projects according to the organization’s strategic objectives. F or example, to cope with the problem of rising price of oil, a car company approved a fuel-efficient car R&D project. In order to protect citizen’s health, a developing country’s nongovernmental organization approved a project to build drinking water systems for a community that suffered from infectious diseases (Liu & Cao, 2014, p. 195).Implementing projects can help enterprises find out new problems and challenges, so as to adjust the strategic plans (Wang & Li, 2008, p. 105). The top managers of the organization always concentrate on the organization direction, objectives and overall plan but little care about the details of realizing the strategic objectives. This may result in a problem that the enterprise may develop a strategic plan beyond the enterprise resource and ability. For example, in order to expand the markets, a Japanese clothing company established an annual plan to open 1000 stores in Asia. But without considering the company's actual financial capacity and real market condition, the strategic objective is impossible to be achieved. Assuming that the company transfer the plan of opening stores in China into a project and opening stores in Indonesia into another project, project managers can understand the market conditions and customer preferences in different countries through the implementation of the projects so that they can adjust the strategic plan.For project managers, implementing projects enables them to perform their obligations and play a role in achieving strategic objectives. The implementation of projects can help project managers gain practical experience and understand how to reduce costs, better make use of resources and maximize profits. In this process, project managers are able to adjust their behaviors and thus make the implementation of projects more efficient.In order to achieve an effective project implementation, the enterprise should primarily select and prioritize the projects. At first, enterprises should assess their ability to execute the project. For example, if an enterprise plans to develop a new mobile phone with the function of waterproof, it should consider whether it has a project team with creative ability and professional knowledge about waterproof and a project manager with excellent leading ability. Secondly, enterprises should identify potential projects. Strategic decision makers and project makers may not be able to find out all projects that contribute to achieving organization goals. Every person in3the company should participate in the process. For example, after-sales service person may find out opportunities to improve the products through customer's feedback. Thirdly, the enterprise can use financial model and scoring model to select projects. Using financial model, for example, when two projects have the same costs, the enterprise may choose the project that has a bigger net present value. Scoring models considers nonfinancial criteria to access a project. For example, a company consider develop new products is more important than maintain customer relationships, the company may give higher weights to new product criteria (Che, 2012, p. 15). Finally, when the resources required by two projects are conflicted, the enterprise should allocate the resources according to the projects' priority. For example, if the enterprise is unable to deliver two projects in time, it may prioritize the project that has smaller losses. Through the above steps, the enterprises can make a better project selection and prioritization and thus promote the implementation of projects (Kloppenborg, 2015, p. 34).2.2 External forces that have changed the way projects are managed●Product life cycleFor the products with short life cycle, time-to-market is very important. Especially for high-tech products, enterprises should push out new products as soon as possible. Developing new products using project management approach can shorten the time to market. Thus, now more and more enterprises tend to establish cross - functional project teams to quickly provide customers with new products (Larson & Gray, 2011, p. 10). For example, with the development of advanced technologies, mobile phone’s life cycle became shortened and today more and more mobile phone companies pay more attention to new functions of mobile phones which appeal to customers. This new trend requires the project management pay more attention to product innovation and producing efficiency.●Global competitionGlobal competition has brought new opportunities and challenges to the organization’s project management. On the one hand, a more open market may require a cheaper price and higher quality of a product (Larson & Gray, 2011, p. 10), which requires the project manager to complete the project with more limited cost. On the other hand, globalization also brought new opportunities to reduce costs and improve efficiency of project management. For example, since there are cheap labor forces in coastal areas of eastern China, many manufacturing enterprises tend to4establish production plants there. Apple has set up many production plants in China to produce iphone for it.●Knowledge growthWith the growth of the knowledge, project management became more complicated, because that a project may contain technical expertise in different areas, which requires more cross-functional cooperation within the organization. Nowadays, for example, building a road is more complicated than ever before, because it involves the design, survey, equipment, raw materials and other fields of knowledge, which were less considered a few years ago (Larson & Gray, 2011, p. 10). Thus, now more and more companies tend use project management approach because it gathers the specialists together to make joint effort to one goal.●Corporate social responsibilitiesApart from maximizing shareholder interests, taking social responsibilities is now more important for enterprises. Enterprises should consider overall interests of nature and society and achieve a balance between “Planet, People and Profit”, in order to realize a sustainable development. It changed the objectives of the project and the technologies used to complete the project. For example, for a project to build a new factory, the project manager should consider not only how to reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of building, but also the influence to environment and around residents brought by the project. In this situation, the project manager not only pursues the interests of shareholders and customers, but also considers the interests of related third party.●Organization downsizingFor many large companies, expanding the businesses and company scale are the main development trends. But for more small and medium-sized enterprises, since their ability and resources are very limited, they tend to downsize to focus on core business. Outsourcing is a good example. Today a lot of mobile phone companies, like Apple, Huawei, and many car brands, like Toyota,Porsche, tend to reduce production cost and improve production efficiency through outsourcing. Outsourcing has changed the way companies processing projects, because the project managers have to manage not only their own people, but also the people come from different organizations (Larson & Gray, 2011, p. 10).53. Mechanisms to sustain the organization culture and project culture3. 1 Mechanisms to sustain the culture of a global organizationOrganization culture is a system that allows organization members to share their values, which makes the organization more unity and better achieve organization goals. Organizational culture can help the organization member understand what behavior is inappropriate, what behavior is encouraged (Wang, 2015, p. 47). Organizational culture is also important to project managers, because it can direct them to establish project culture.The following mechanisms can help the organization to sustain its culture:●Recruitment mechanismWhen recruiting employees, managers should consider the candidate's culture fit, in order to seek for the person with consistent values with the organization. In the recruitment, recruiters should clarify the values and principles of the organization. Specifically, recruiters should explain the organization’s mission, vision and working condition to the candidates (Zhao, 2012, p. 33). Then managers should assess if the potential candidate's values, habits and attitudes are consistent with the organization culture. Google is an example that it always pays special attention to find the right person that have the spirits Google need and do things in Google’s way.●Senior manager rolesIn the process of establishing organization culture, senior managers’ behaviors have great impact on the organization culture. Managers should deliver the organization values to employees and influence others through their behaviors (Li, 2012, p. 88). In a case, a company’s CEO has said he attaches great importance to the talents, which he hope s can be reflected in the organization’s culture. But when arranging an interview of a middle manager, the CEO said to his secretary, "Let him waiting for half an hour, I have something to deal with." Such a small thing has reflected his attitude to talents. The leaders of an organization are not only the builders of the organization of culture, but also the destroyers.●Reward and punishment mechanismThrough the reward and punishment mechanism, enterprise reinforces desired behavior and discourages inappropriate behavior so that promoting the understanding of the organization values to employees. The enterprise should make a formal6statement to determine what kind of reward and punishment measures they may take. Microsoft has set an award named Gates President Award for its employees, which is Microsoft's highest award. To acquire the award, the person should have not only outstanding performance, but also the values advocated by Microsoft. Setting awards can attract employees to make effort to follow the corporate values. The process can enhance employees’ identity of organization culture.●Communication mechanismCommunication is very important to an enterprise, especially a global organization, to sustain its organization culture. In a multinational organization, team members in a project not only have different professional skills, but also have different cultural backgrounds and values. An imperfect communication system may cause a lot of problems which often waste the project manager a lot of time to solve. A well communication system is like a bridge, which can make the project management process more unobstructed so that it can effectively solve the cultural conflicts. It helps the project manager better achieve project objective, establish project culture, so as sustain organizational culture.●Layoff mechanismThe people who do comply with the organization norms and values should be rewarded and those who violate the organization principles should receive the organization’s help to adjust their behavior. I f the person can't adjust his or her behaviors, the person should leave the organization. Enterprises can screen out those employees through the layoff mechanism, so that the organization culture can be sustained.3.2 An effective mechanism to sustain the culture of projects in a global environmentSince projects are temporary, which is totally different from operations, the tasks of project are not completely complied with the organization goals. It may result in a divergence between the organization culture and the norms and values that the project members followed in the project. For a global organization, because it may participate in a lot of cross-cultural projects, it is a great challenge for project managers to deal with cultural conflicts, integrate the values of project team members and establish a unified project culture.Cross-cultural awareness training is considered an effective mechanism to sustain project culture. Building and sustaining project culture require unified vision and7values in the project team. However, since the project members are from different departments or organizations, they have different cultural backgrounds and values. Since project is a temporary work, if the project manager chooses to break their original values and beliefs to form a unified culture, it is not a wise choose. It may increase the conflicts. A better choose is to introduce different cultures to project members to increase their understanding of other members’ cultures, that is, making cross-cultural awareness training. This mechanism can make the team members to accept each other’s values and cultures, so as to make their faith and vision consistent, increasing the possibility to achieve project success. Using this mechanism not only can make an unified culture within the project team, but also allows the team members to present their cultural features, encouraging the innovation. This mechanism also makes the team members to respect each other so that they do things in the project ways, rather than in their own ways (Li & Wang, 2012, p. 88).Here we use Foxconn, the largest electronics manufacturer in China, as an example to explain the mechanism of cross-cultural awareness training. Foxconn is the original equipment manufacturer of many well-known mobile phone brands, like Apple, Huawei, Nokia, Motorola, etc. Since Foxconn's partners are all over the world, it always confront with lots of cross-cultural projects. Foxconn are used to make cross-cultural awareness training for the project team, in order to sustain project culture. The first is language training. Foxconn would require project managers to learn the language of their project partner s’to promote their communication. The second is culture introduction, including introduction about the host country customs and traditions, to promote project members’ understanding of each other's culture. The third is the role training, that is, to simulate a scene that project members with different cultural backgrounds are working together and project members should be able to deal with some issues of cultural conflicts that are possibly occur. The last one is cultural adaptability training, which makes the project members to eliminate racial superiority and learn to respect and adapt to different cultures. The above trainings enable Foxconn to successfully establish a unified project culture in different projects (zhang, 2013, p. 39).4. ConclusionThe implementation of projects is part of the organization strategic planning and an effective way to achieve the strategic goals. Implementing projects enables project8managers to find new problems and challenges, so they can adjust the strategic planning. Project manager is the leader of the project. Their duty is to ensure that the project implementation meets the customer’s requirements. In a global environment, the way of project management has changed by some external environmental factors. These factors carried out higher requirements on the quality of products and limiter time and budget.Apart from external factors, internal factors, such as organization culture, also have impact on the project management. Organizational culture can direct the establishment of project culture. Enterprise can sustain organization culture through recruitment mechanism, rewards and punishment mechanism, communication mechanism, layoff mechanism and so on. For a global organization, since it always confront with many cross-cultural projects, reducing cultural conflicts in the project and integrating project member’s values are really concerning issues to make a successful implementation of projects, which can be achieved through the cross-cultural training mechanism.The efficiency of project implementation depends on strategic planning, project managers and organization culture. A successful project management can be achieved through developing appropriate strategic planning, establishing and maintaining appropriate organizational culture, and playing the role of project manager.9ReferenceChe, J. L. (2012). Project selection criteria base on organization strategic objective. Management & Technolosy of SME, 46(11), 12-16.Kloppenborg, J. T. (2015). Contemporary Project Management (3th ed.). New York: Cengage LearningLarson, W. E. & Gray, F. C. (2011). Project Management: The Managerial Process (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.Li, H. X. & Wang, W. J. (2012). Organization culture in project management. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Social Sciences), 28(4), 86-89.Liu, Y., Wen, M. S. & Cao, D. B. (2014). Project management’s significance to organization strategy. Modern Business, 2014(33), 195-196.Wang, H. & Li, M. (2015). Organization culture establishment base on project management. Non-Ferrous Metallurgical Equipment, 46(6), 46-50.Wang, L. F. (2008). Project management’s significance to strategy management. Market Modernization, 2008(35), 104-105.Zhang, J. J. (2013). The management of culture conflict in oil companies overseas project. Foreign Investment in China, 27(3), 38-42.Zhao, H. J. (2012). Individual and organization values matching. Human Resource Management, 53(23), 32-35.10。

学术英语课程论文封面

学术英语课程论文封面

班级: 英语(读写)________班名册序号:_________ 云南大学课程论文课程: 学术英语(读写)论文题目: (英文题目) (中文题目)学院专业学生姓名学号指导教师得分2014年 7 月the Republic of ChinaAbstractOn the basis of the historical literatures and the opinions historians and accounting scholars, this paper attempts to arrange some remarkable characteristics about accounting thoughts during the Republic of China. Then the thesis evaluates its historical contribution and gives some lessons on the current accounting system through historical analysis. Because accounting work during the period of Republic of china was frequent, there are little monographs or articles about the accounting thoughts during that time and the elaboration is fragmented, too. Nevertheless, the study on the accounting thoughts in the Republic of China is propitious to hold the objective laws and historical references of the evolution of accounting thoughts and explore the orientation of the development of future accounting. Due to the limited time and space, the essay is restricted to a simple analysis of its features and experience More researches focusing on analyzing the details are need to be done in the future.Key words:the Republic of China, accounting thoughts, accounting historythe Republic of ChinaI. IntroductionWith the rapid development of economy, accounting has been put into full play in social-economic region. As an important component of accounting theories, the history of accounting thoughts is attached increasing attention. According to Guo(1999) and Liu(2005), "accounting thoughts" The history of accounting thoughts can reveal the objective law of its evolution, as well as the relationship between accounting thoughts and accounting practice. Therefore, accounting thoughts should be researched from the historic and evolutionary perspective.Currently, the study on the accounting thoughts in the Republic of China lacks systematization. The Republic of China has its historic position in Chinese accounting history, by reason that in this period government accounting system of modern China has been established in an all-around way. Summing it up is advantageous to exhumating advanced accounting thoughts and ideas, guiding directions of accounting practice and give historic reference for the ever-growing accounting business.Through collecting and arranging literature, it turns out that the monographs and articles about the government accounting thoughts are lacking and the elaboration is fragmented, too. Therefore, taking the time sequence of accounting thoughts evolution as a clue, the paper divides the Republic of China into two periods (the Northern Warlord Government period and the Nanjing National Government period) to recapitulate the main features and experience of the accounting thoughts in the Republic of China.Ⅱ. The basic profile of the accounting thoughts in the Republic of ChinaThe Revolution of 1911, led by Dr Sun Yat-sen, abolished the feudal monarchy and gave birth to the Republic of China. A thousand things waited to be done and all the modern politicaland economic systems were in their formative period. Under these circumstances when so much was in flux, the accounting thoughts in the Republic of China had not only historical inheritance but also unique saltation.The Northern Warlord Government was incompetent, affected by tangled warfare among warlords domestically and oppressed by imperialism internationally. There was no doubt that the development of accounting thoughts would be dragged down by the troublous political environment and backward economic management style. Nevertheless, based on the buds of improving accounting in the late Qing Dynasty, the accounting thoughts had a certain vitality. More specifically, the Northern Warlord Government took a page from the western capitalist countries’ book and tried to relieve the financial crisis by governmental accountancy reform. And the government authorized the intellectuals to formulate the first accounting law in Chinese history, which marked the beginning of the legalization of Chinese accounting.In the reign of Nanjing National Government, the accounting thoughts developed rapidly and accountancy was improved by a large margin. It furthered the thoughts of legalizing accounting that the Nanjing National Government carried out improvement works to organizational system, restructuring and accounting method. Owing to the p atriotic intellectuals’great effort, various circles of accounting learned and introduced overseas advanced accounting theories and methods in order to improve accountancy. The accounting thoughts in this period were very active. And the most striking feature was the bitter disputes among accounting scholars, in which they drew on each other’s merits and raised the level of Chinese accounting together.Ⅲ. The main feature of the accounting thoughts in the Republic of ChinaFirstly, the accountancy had been placed on a preliminary legal and regular track, especially the formulation of accounting law. At the same time, various provisions of unifying accounting were implemented in succession. The Nanjing National Government promulgated and executed some advanced system such as transcendental accounting and unifying accounting, which certified for the improvements of Chinese accounting.Secondly, the mind of unifying accounting reached the broad consensus. Whethergovernments or patriotic intellectuals realized that the loose accounting regulations and the situation of national disunity severely hindered the implementation of financial budget and final accounts. Therefore, the accounting subjects, accounting vouchers, account books and accounting reports were unified successively in the field of government accounting, bank accounting, railway accounting and so forth.Thirdly, increasingly importance has been attached to the combination of accounting theory and accounting practice. The argument between improvement and reformation in accounting circle prompted thousands of industrial and commercial enterprises to participate in this innovation movement of Chinese accounting actively or passively. The two factions both concentrated on accounting business and practice, made accounting firms as the camps, relied on accounting education and publication, which contributed a lot to the close link between accounting theory and practice.Fourthly, the dissemination of western accounting theories in China had a profound influence. The two governments both followed the lead of western capitalist countries so as to construct their finance accounting organization system s and improve government’s accounting methods. The Numerous scholars either translated and compiled foreign accounting works or presented foreign accounting systems and theories in their own dissertations and literatures. In the meanwhile, some scholars clearly sensed that when learning from western countries, the conditions and historical traditions of China should be abode by.IV. The historical experience of the accounting thoughts in the Republic of ChinaFirst and foremost, the systematization, standardization and legalization of accounting play the security role. From macro’s angle, perfecting the accounting principle and system can ensure good governance and minimize the risks of improper conduct and corruption. From micro's angle, strengthening the awareness of responsibility and quantifying the legal liability also effectively prevent companies and accountants from cutting every imaginable corner.In the next place, practicality and operability laid the cornerstone for the development of accounting theories. The neoteric accounting reform movement improved Chinese accounting’theory system as well as method system and accelerated the engagement of these two. Hereafter, surpassing the traditional accounting theory, the double-entry bookkeeping and formula of debit and credit were accepted by most businesses made a great deal of progresses in research and application fields. The accounting practices, economy and management levels have been greatly promoted.In addition, the excellent accounting talents are one of the main motive forces of accounting development. A large contingent of accounting workers and intellectuals in the Republic of China initiated and laid the foundation for the development and progress of Chinese accounting. Nowadays, the cultivation of accounting talents should be actively brought into the long-term and normalized system. The favorable public opinion towards developing accounting talents and the flow mechanism of accounting talents should also be established gradually. These will give an enormous impetus to the national strength and the domestic economic growth.Besides, the accounting communication among countries, accounting in good faith, accounting education and publication are also important.Ⅴ. ConclusionBecause of the invasion of foreign imperialism and the incompetence of the Northern Warlord government, the accounting thoughts were restricted and developed slowly. But in the National government period, the accounting thoughts entered a rapid development. The western advanced accounting thoughts introduced by the government, a series of accounting reform movements launched by patriotic intellectuals and the fierce debates among accounting scholars all promoted the development of accounting. When summing up the objective laws of the development of accounting thoughts, we should learn from its experience, including accelerating the construction of Chinese accounting law, strengthening the communication and cooperation, establishing the consciousness of accounting honesty and credit, and improving the accounting education.Works Cited[1] A. C. Littleton. Accounting Evolution to 1900. New York: Garland PublishingIncorporation, 1988.[2] Man Chand Maloo. Theory of Evolution of Accounting Ideas. S. Chand &Company Limited, 1984.[3] Paul Garner. Evolution of Cost Accounting to 1925. Tuscaloosa: The University ofAlabama Press, 1976.[4] Yang Ju-MEI. Goodwill and Other Intangibles, Their Significance and Treatmentin Accounts. New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1927.[5] 高治宇(Gao Zhiyu). 中国会计发展简史. 河南:河南人民出版, 1985.[6] 郭道扬(Guo Daoyang). 中国会计史稿. 武汉:中国财政经济出版社, 1988.[7] 刘常青(Liu Changqing). 中国会计思想发展史. 成都:西南财经大学出版社,2005.[8] 赵友良(Zhao Youliang). 中国近代会计审计史. 上海:上海财经大学出版社,1996.。

论文封面及论文格式模版.doc

论文封面及论文格式模版.doc
×10 7 kN/m 2 , 泊松比 =0.167, 宽度 a =1m, 厚度 h =0.04, 作用在中心点的集中荷载
P =100kN, 均布荷载 q =10 kN/m 2 。 按 Valzov 模型计算得出的结果比较文献[5]的精确解见表 1.1。表中第一行是本文的
结果,第二行是文献[5]的结果。从中可以看出,计算精度非常好。目前国内外对上部结 构、筏板基础和地基的共同作用的分析和研究中,对筏板基础宋的体非五号线性变形特性考虑得 较少,绝大多数都将筏板基础视为线弹性结构进行计算。而在筏板基础的受力过程中, 由于钢筋混凝土材料在受弯的过程中弹性阶段很短,一旦混凝土受拉开裂就进入非线性 的阶段,因而筏板基础会处于非线性的工作状态。对于地基土体,则常常处于非线性或 弹塑性工作状态。
2.基本解 ............................................................................................... 16
3.边界积分方程..................................................................................... 21
重庆水利电力职业技术学院
毕业论文
论文题目: 论文作者: 指导教师: 学科专业: 研究方向: 提交论文日期:
年月日
中国•重庆 20 年 月
重庆水利电力职业技术学院毕业论文
目录
宋体小四号,加粗居中
中文摘要 ..................................................................................................... III

云南财经大学研究生学位论文写作规范

云南财经大学研究生学位论文写作规范

云南财经大学研究生学位论文写作规范前言学位论文的形式与格式是体现论文质量和作者学术修养、文化教养的重要方面。

为进一步规范我校学位论文工作,促进学位论文质量的提高,根据国家标准局《科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文的编写格式》(GB 7713-87)、《文后参考文献著录规则》(GB/T 7714-2005)的有关规定,特制定本规范。

本规范所指的研究生学位论文,包括博士学位论文和硕士学位论文(含同等学力人员申请者撰写的硕士学位论文和专业学位研究生撰写的硕士学位论文)。

第一章构成要件除国际学生按国家相关政策要求,研究生学位论文均使用汉字撰写。

学位论文一般由十一个部分组成,依次为:一、封面;二、学位论文原创性声明;三、学位论文版权使用授权书;四、中英文摘要和关键词;五、目录;六、正文;七、参考文献;八、附录;九、致谢;十、本人在读期间完成的研究成果;十一、封底。

第二章各要件的撰写格式要求学位论文每个组成部分从新的一页开始,各部分要求如下:一、中文封面1.学校代码号:106892.密级:非涉密(公开)论文不需要标注密级,涉密论文须标注论文的密级(内部、秘密、或机密),同时还应注明相应的保密年限。

涉密论文须在保密场所以保密工具完成。

3.论文题目:应简明扼要地概括和反映论文的核心内容,一般不宜超过20字,必要时可加副标题。

4.培养学院(中心、所):填写所属学院(部、所)的全名。

5.一级、二级学科和专业名称:学科名称以国务院学位委员会最新颁布的的学科、专业目录以及经国务院学位办备案通过的、我校在一级学科内自主设置的二级学科名称为准。

6.学位论文类型:分别填写博士学位论文、硕士学位论文、同等学力人员硕士学位论文、硕士专业学位论文(填写硕士专业学位全称,如工商管理硕士专业学位论文)。

7.指导教师:填写指导教师的姓名、职称(教授、研究员等)。

8.培养单位:云南财经大学。

9.论文完成时间:填写论文成文打印日期(年、月、日)。

云南财经大学本科学生毕业论文(设计)开题报告表

云南财经大学本科学生毕业论文(设计)开题报告表

云南财经大学本科学生毕业论文(设计)开题报告表本科学生毕业论文(设计)开题报告表云南财经大学本科学生毕业论文(设计)开题报告表论文(设浅析我国中小企业市场营销战略计)名称论文(设论文(设计) 导师计)来源类型学生姓名学号专业1本科学生毕业论文(设计)开题报告表文献综述(包括调研资料的准备和收集)市场营销这一概念,国内曾有过许多误解,最常见的就是把市场营销和推销混为一谈。

1985 年,美国市场营销协会提出市场营销的定义如下: “市场营销是关于构思、货物和劳务的设计、定价、促销和分销的规划与实施过程,旨在导致符合个人和组织目标的交换,这一定义较全面地表述了市场营销的含义,它指出,市场营销是这样一种管理过程即关干构思、货物和劳务的设计、定价、促销和分销的规划与实施过程,其目的在于实现交换。

营销理论创始人舒尔兹提出了4R 理论,即市场反映、顾客关联、关系营销、利益回报,他强调指出企业与顾客是一个命运共同体,在经济利益上是相关的,联系在一起的,建立保持发展与顾客之间的长期关系是企业经营中心的核心里路和最重要的内容。

1994 年台湾罗文坤教授提出了4V营销组合理论,2002年国内学者吴金明将他的4V理论解释为差异化(variation) ,功能化(versatility),附加值(value),共鸣(vibration) ,强调中小企业要实行差异化营销,树立独特的企业形象,满足消费者的个性化需求,要针对消费者的需求个性化的服务,创品牌文化资产以满足消费者的情感需求,这应该是未来我国中小企业市场营销发展的必由之路。

沈南宁论述了我国中小企业比较传统的市场营销理念: 即价格优势与质量优势,通过性价比来扩大市场份额,达到预期的营销目的。

中小企业没有产品质量作基础,市场营销活动是很被动的。

中小企业除了对质量的严格要求之外,产品质量还应当结合消费者的实际需求和成本来考虑,同时,更要关注竞争对手的质量,只有产品质量比竞争对手更好,才能在竞争中取胜。

云南财经大学毕业论文格式要求

云南财经大学毕业论文格式要求

云南财经大学本科生毕业论文写作及评审工作规范本科毕业论文(设计)是对大学生能力的综合训练,毕业论文(设计)在培养大学生探求真理、进行科学研究基本训练、提高综合实践能力及培养创新精神、创新能力等方面具有积极作用。

为进一步规范我院毕业论文(设计)的管理,特制定本规范。

一、毕业论文(设计)工作的组织管理。

毕业论文(设计)在分管本科教学工作的副院长统一领导下,实行分级管理。

1.系(院)负责毕业论文的具体组织工作。

(1)系(院)应成立毕业论文(设计)工作领导小组。

负责制定毕业论文(设计)工作计划;负责审定、公布毕业论文(设计)选题目录,协调处理系(院)毕业论文(设计)工作的有关问题;负责完成毕业论文(设计)工作总结。

(2)系(院)分管本科教学工作的负责人是本部门毕业论文(设计)的第一责任人。

负责起草毕业论文(设计)指导计划、质量检查及安排毕业论文的评阅、答辩、成绩评定工作;起草工作总结等。

(3)教研室具体负责编写本科毕业论文(设计)选题目录、落实指导任务;具体组织教师进行毕业论文的评阅、答辩、质量检查、优秀论文(设计)的推荐工作。

(4)毕业论文(设计)指导教师是毕业论文(设计)工作的具体承担人与责任人。

指导教师应认真审验所指导的学生的开题报告,指导学生确定毕业论文(设计)题目;对所指导学生的写作进度及质量提出明确的要求;加强对学生毕业论文(设计)的阶段性检查;认真评阅学生提交的毕业论文(设计),并提出评阅意见;参加系(院)安排的毕业论文(设计)的其他工作。

2.教务处负责起草毕业论文(设计)工作规范,提出毕业论文(设计)工作日程安排与进程要求;收齐有关毕业论文(设计)工作记录;汇总毕业论文(设计)成绩;保管各系(院)毕业论文(设计)工作总结。

二、本科毕业论文(设计)的组成要素与基本规范本科毕业论文(设计)由封面、开题报告、中(外)文摘要及关键词、论文(设计)正文、附录、参考文献、注释、致谢、封底等部分组成。

云南财经大学会计专业学生毕业论文

云南财经大学会计专业学生毕业论文

云南财经大学继续教育学院学生毕业论文类别:函授2012 级会计专业班学生姓名指导老师论文完成日期:2014 年5月20日浅论如何做好中小企业财务管理摘要:中小企业是国家经济的柱石,它在我国经济发展中具有极为重要的地位和作用。

为保持国民经济高速稳定成长,中小企业扮演着不可或缺的重要角色,其在扩大就业、稳定社会、发展经济及活跃市场、扩大出口等方面起着不可替代的作用。

但是,目前我国中小企业在发展过程中面临着诸多方面的困难,其中财务管理上存在的问题是困扰中小企业发展的核心问题,如果不及时予以解决将危害中小企业自身的发展,也将对整个国民经济产生影响。

文章通过对我国中小企业的总体概况、进行财务管理的必要性及现状进行介绍,并分析指出中小企业财务管理的问题,最后提出解决中小企业财务管理问题的对策,以加强财务控制,强化财务管理,提高竞争实力,促进我国中小企业的改革与发展。

关键词:中小企业,财务管理,企业经济效益,财务信息化一、引言中小企业是国民经济的组成部分,对经济发展和社会稳定起着举足轻重的促进作用。

财务管理是企业经济管理的核心,对于为数众多、抗风险能力弱的中小企业而言更是如此。

然而,我国中小企业普遍存在的问题是财务管理基础普遍较弱,财务控制松散;企业资金积累能力较弱,营运资金缺乏;资本结构不合理,负债率较高;内源融资困难,外部融资渠道不畅;投资缺乏分析论证,资金不能有效利用;成本管理和控制体系不健全等;另外,由于受宏观经济环境变化和体制的影响,如有关政策的“歧视”,地方政府行业管理部门的干预,财务管理受企业领导的影响等,中小企业在加强财务管理方面遇到了阻碍。

分析中小企业财务管理中存在的问题并探讨解决问题的对策,加快财务管理创新,以促进中小企业的改革与发展,是当前中小企业发展需要思考和解决的问题。

二、中小企业的概念根据《中华人民共和国中小企业促进法》第2条的规定,“本法所称中小企业,是指在中华人民共和国境内依法设立的有利于满足社会需要,增加就业,符合国家产业政策,生产经营规模属于中小型的各种所有制和各种形式的企业。

云南财经大学学术期刊分级目录

云南财经大学学术期刊分级目录

云南财经大学学术期刊目录(2010年4月29日发布)为引导广大教师在合适的期刊发表学术论文,学校按其学术影响和社会认可程度,将学术期刊依次划分为特别类、权威类、核心AA类、核心A类、核心BB 类、核心B类、核心C类和D类(一般)共八类。

其中:在特别类、权威类、核心AA类、核心A类、核心BB类期刊发表的论文,分别对应“云南财经大学科学研究成果奖(论文类)”的特等奖、一等奖、二等奖、三等奖和鼓励奖。

第一部分云南财经大学特别期刊目录学校界定的特别期刊有三种,分别是“Science”、“Nature”、“American Economic Review”。

第二部分云南财经大学中文期刊和论文集分类目录一、中文期刊和论文集的基本分类学校依照教育部学科门类、一级学科、二级学科的分类,并从我校科研工作量管理的实际出发,将中文期刊和论文集分为七类,即权威类、核心AA类、核心A类、核心BB类、核心B类、核心C类和D类(一般)。

二、中文权威类、核心AA类、核心A类、核心B类期刊目录(一)中文权威期刊目录序号学科门类刊物名称主办单位1 哲学哲学研究中国社会科学院哲学研究所2 经济学经济研究中国社会科学院经济研究所3 法学法学研究中国社会科学院法学研究所(二)核心AA类期刊目录(三)核心A类期刊目录(四)核心B类期刊目录011012013014015016017018019020021022023024025026027028三、中文权威类、核心AA类、核心A类、核心BB类、核心B类的划分原则(一)权威类期刊按照学科门类来选择,每个学科门类选择最权威的杂志作为权威类期刊。

目前是指教育部划定的12个学科门类的顶级期刊和社会科学类和自然科学类的综合性顶级期刊。

该期刊应当在《CSSCI来源期刊(2010—2011)》或北京大学《中文核心期刊目录总览》(2008年版)(均指正式版而非扩展版。

下同。

)中的相应类别排名第一。

(二)核心AA类期刊主要按照一级学科同时兼顾二级学科的原则来选择,每个二级学科选择最权威的杂志作为核心AA类期刊。

工商管理本科毕业论文

工商管理本科毕业论文

工商管理本科毕业论文Last revision on 21 December 2020云南财经大学成人高等教育学生毕业论文题目:论中小企业发展战略规划类别:函授班级: 2013级工商管理专业学号:论文作者:沈立猛***师:***论文完成日期: 2017年8月25日云南财经大学继续教育学院毕业论文开题申报表说明:科研训练课程结束后,学员即进行论文开题,继续教育学院和教学单位统一安排指导教师对学员论文开题进行审阅指导云南财经大学继续教育学院二0 年月日目录一、摘要 (1)中小企业须全面实施战略规划提升核心竞争力 (1)二、品牌战略规划 (2)三、营销战略规划 (3)四、成本管理战略规划 (7)五、人力资源战略规划 (9)结论 (13)参考文献14致谢 (14)论中小企业发展战略规划沈立猛摘要:随着中国市场经济的不断深化,企业竞争日趋激烈,中国经济进入不可预测的新常态。

随着互联网的发展,手机移动端的广泛运用,物联网、互联网金融的发展及新型网络技术的运用,中国消费的形态产生了巨大的转变。

竞争的加剧必然导致落后产能、落后管理的淘汰,商品过剩导致消费者可以有多种选择,如何满足消费者的需求、如何服务顾客、如何降低成本、如何提升产品品质、如何建立品牌成为很多企业,尤其是中小企业必须思考的问题。

市场的竞争核心是人才的竞争,如何建立科学合理的人才制度,建设以人为本的人力资源管理体系。

中小企业没有可依赖的资源、没有强大的资金实力、在发展初期也没有高阶管理人才,想要发展壮大,需要制定并围绕差异化战略、品牌战略、营销战略、财务成本战略、人力资源战略,系统性的提升中小企业本身的战略规划能力、全面管理能力、团队执行能力。

关键词:中小企业;发展战略;品牌战略;营销战略;成本管理战略;人力资源战略。

一、品牌战略规划在经济全球化环境下,中小企业必须针对自身品牌定位的特点,在不断提高企业产品质量水平获得经济效益,提高企业竞争实力的前提下,要做大做强,更需要走名牌战略之路才能创出自己的品牌,进而发展为名牌。

云南师范大学课程论文封面

云南师范大学课程论文封面

2012级教育硕士学生课程论文(设计)题目马克思主义与社会科学方法论对初中英语课堂教学评价的影响姓名李海清学号Z12420208010院、系外语学院B班专业学科教学(英语)指导教师张旭职称(学历)教授马克思主义与社会科学方法论对初中英语课堂教学评价的影响学院:外语学院B班学号:Z12420208010 姓名:李海清摘要:本文使用马克思主义与社会科学方法论中的社会认知与评价研究方法,对初中英语的教学评价进行阐述。

我们知道课堂教学离不开评价,教学评价是课堂教学的一个内在的重要组成部分,英语课堂教学亦如此。

可以说,英语课堂教学评价,直接作用于课堂学活动的各个方面,无论是教学目的、任务,还是教学过程、环节和方法。

评价的目的是为了激发学生学习英语的兴趣和自信心,使学生从爱学变为乐学直至善学,为其今后的英语学习奠定基础,因此有效的课堂评价在英语教学中起着举足轻重的作用。

关键词:马克思主义与社会科学方法论课堂教学评价体系马克思主义与社会科学方法论中的社会认知与评价研究方法中社会评价,是指社会科学研究中对研究对象的社会价值和历史意义的评定的价值观,又要符合认识的逻辑,社会评价首先要以事实为根据,社会评价具有多方面的内容和形式,但从根本上说是关于社会进步与否的评价。

英语课堂教学观包括对课堂教学的价值、功能、性质、目的、过程、效果以及他们之间相互关系的认识。

英语课堂教学就是教师、学生、教材、教学方法和教学情景等诸多因素相互作用和协调发展的一种活动,它体现了教师对英语课程理念的理解,是教师教学思想的具体化。

课堂教学评价就是对这种活动的价值判断,对教学实践具有很强的导向作用。

通过评价,评价主体可从中获取对教师、学生和家长的相关信息;可以促进学生充分发挥其主观能动性,积极参与英语教学活动;可以引导教师把课堂教学的重心从关注完成教学任务转移到重视学生的发展上来。

初中阶段是英语教育的重要阶段。

该阶段学生英语学习兴趣的激发、情感的培养、自信心的建立等都将对学生今后的英语学习产生较大影响。

云南财经大学研究生学位论文写作规范

云南财经大学研究生学位论文写作规范

云南财经大学研究生学位论文写作规范前言学位论文的形式与格式是体现论文质量和作者学术修养、文化教养的重要方面。

为进一步规范我校学位论文工作,促进学位论文质量的提高,根据国家标准局《科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文的编写格式》(GB 7713-87)、《文后参考文献著录规则》(GB/T 7714-2005)的有关规定,特制定本规范。

本规范所指的研究生学位论文,包括博士学位论文和硕士学位论文(含同等学力人员申请者撰写的硕士学位论文和专业学位研究生撰写的硕士学位论文)。

第一章构成要件除国际学生按国家相关政策要求,研究生学位论文均使用汉字撰写。

学位论文一般由十一个部分组成,依次为:一、封面;二、学位论文原创性声明;三、学位论文版权使用授权书;四、中英文摘要和关键词;五、目录;六、正文;七、参考文献;八、附录;九、致谢;十、本人在读期间完成的研究成果;十一、封底。

第二章各要件的撰写格式要求学位论文每个组成部分从新的一页开始,各部分要求如下:一、中文封面1.学校代码号:106892.密级:非涉密(公开)论文不需要标注密级,涉密论文须标注论文的密级(内部、秘密、或机密),同时还应注明相应的保密年限。

涉密论文须在保密场所以保密工具完成。

3.论文题目:应简明扼要地概括和反映论文的核心内容,一般不宜超过20字,必要时可加副标题。

4.培养学院(中心、所):填写所属学院(部、所)的全名。

5.一级、二级学科和专业名称:学科名称以国务院学位委员会最新颁布的的学科、专业目录以及经国务院学位办备案通过的、我校在一级学科内自主设置的二级学科名称为准。

6.学位论文类型:分别填写博士学位论文、硕士学位论文、同等学力人员硕士学位论文、硕士专业学位论文(填写硕士专业学位全称,如工商管理硕士专业学位论文)。

7.指导教师:填写指导教师的姓名、职称(教授、研究员等)。

8.培养单位:云南财经大学。

9.论文完成时间:填写论文成文打印日期(年、月、日)。

东北财经大学课程论文结构格式标准 (1)

东北财经大学课程论文结构格式标准 (1)

东北财经大学课程论文结构格式标准为规范本科生论文形式课程考试写作格式,特制定本标准。

本标准适用于东北财经大学全日制普通本科学生采用论文形式考试所提交的课程论文(包括论文、案例分析报告、调查报告等各种非闭卷考试形式)。

一、课程论文结构本科毕业论文包括以下内容(按顺序):封面、中文摘要与关键词、正文、注释、主要参考文献。

(一)封面封面由文头、论文标题、作者、学院、专业、年级、学号、指导教师等8项内容组成。

(二)中文摘要与关键词摘要是对论文内容的概括性描述,字数在100~200字之间。

关键词是从论文标题、摘要或正文中提取的、能表现论文主题的、具有实质意义的词语,数量为3~5个。

(三)正文正文是论文的主体部分,字数应在3 000~5 000字之间。

正文的各个章节或部分应以若干层级标题来标识。

(四)注释对所创造的名词术语的解释或对引文出处的说明。

注释采用脚注形式。

(五)主要参考文献主要参考文献是作者亲自阅读过内容的、对写作过程帮助比较大的、相对比较重要的参考资料,包括刊物上公开发表的参考论文、出版社正式出版的参考书目(包括著作或教材)和网上参考资料(包括网站上的论文和数据等)等。

二、课程论文格式编排毕业论文必须按照以下格式要求排版。

(一)纸型及页边距毕业论文一律用国际标准A4纸(297mm×210mm)打印。

上、下、左、右的页边距一律设为2厘米,不设装订线。

(二)论文各部分的编排式样及字体字号论文各部分的编排式样及字体字号编辑要求如下:1.文头。

封面上部居中,3号宋体加粗,下空两行。

固定内容为“东北财经大学课程论文”。

2.论文标题。

2号黑体加粗,文头下居中,上空两行。

3.论文副标题。

小2号黑体加粗,紧挨正标题下居中,文字前加破折号。

副标题与主标题加起来不得超过两行4.作者、学院、专业、年级、学号、指导教师。

项目名称用3号黑体,内容用3号楷体_GB2312,在正副标题下居中依次排列,各占一行。

其中,“专业”一栏除专业外还应列示方向(使用括号);“指导教师”一栏为教师姓名。

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