英语语音PPT10-3. English Intonation III

We are LEARNing a FOReign LANGuage.
P
P = Pre-head
H
H = Head
N
T
N = Nucleus T = Tail
Therefore, the nucleus 调核 is normally the stressed syllable of the last content word in a sentence, such as “LANG” in the above-mentioned sentence.调核通常是句子中最后一个关键词 （实词）的重读音节。 The nucleus is the syllable that carries the tune pattern of the sentence, i.e. the fall, the rise or the fall-rise. 调核是产生升降 调的地方。 But in order to emphasize a word, we can ‘shift’ the nucleus to the stressed syllable of the word we want to emphasize. 调核 可以根据强调信息的需要发生移位。
Exclamations – falling tune. (e.g. Good heavens!) Apologies – more polite to use falling-rising tune. (e.g. Sorry.) Greetings – rising or falling tune. (e.g. Good or (Good morning.) bye.) Saying goodbye – rising tune. (e.g. Good More examples and exercises: P. 146-150. morning.)
wait.)
Statements intended to be soothing or encouraging (e.g. I shan’t be long. = I’ll come back soon) Statements intended as questions (e.g. You like it?) Questions showing much interest (e.g. How’s your daughter? ) Repetition questions (e.g. –I arrived at ten o’clock. – When? )
Unit 26 The Intonation of Enumerations and Vocatives 列举事物(点数)与呼语的音调 (p. 141-)
Enumeration: listing or counting things. – items in a series often have a rising or level intonation, and the last item has a falling tone. (e.g. One, two, three, four, five.) or ( One, two, three, four, five.) Vocative: a word or a noun phrase used when addressing someone. 1. If the name begins the utterance – the rising tune is more friendly and polite (e.g. John, be quick.) , but the falling tune is serious and emphasizing something important (e.g. John, be quick.) . A level intonation is also sometimes heard (e.g. John, be quick.) . 2. If the name comes at the end of the utterance – often unstressed. (e.g. Someone’s at the door, ֠Carol.) 3. Sometimes the vocative is on a rising tune after a fall. (e.g. Good after noon, everybody.) More examples and exercises: P. 142-145
They
flew
to
London. (The nucleus is on the
preposition: to, which is usually unstressed. The speaker wants to highlight the direction: They flew to London, not from London. )
interesting.)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
play was
very
WH questions (or special questions) (e.g.
late?) stupid idiot! ) heavens!)
Why are you so Don’t be a
Imperative sentences (strong commands) (e.g. Exclamations (e.g. Good
Summary： ： The use of English intonation
The falling tone -- indicating `definiteness' and `completeness'. Types of sentences: Complete and definite statements (e.g. The
Unit 24-27 The Use of English Intonation (II)
Unit 24 Emphatic Intonation 强调句的音调 (P.132-) Please read the following sentences aloud: They flew to London. They flew to London. They flew to London. They flew to London.
flew to
London. (The nucleus is on the
personal pronoun: they, which is usually unstressed. The speaker wants to highlight who did this: They, not you or we, flew to London. ) Examples and exercises: p.133-135.
Emphatic Intonation
They flew to London. (simple statement. The nucleus is
on the last stressed syllable of the intonation unit, which is the normal way of the sentence spoken in English.)
Examples and Exercises WH- questions (or special questions) -- What would you ↘ like? -- I'd like a chicken-salad ↘ sandwich. -- What will you ↘ have? -- I'll have a hotdog and a ↘ coke. -- Where are you ↘ going? -- To the ↘ lab. -- What ↘ time is it? -- It's a quarter past ↘ four. -- Where's your ↘ lab book? -- I ↘ lost it. -- Where did you ↘ leave it? -- I don't re ↘ member.
The rising tune - indicating `uncertainty', `incompleteness' or `politeness'. Types of sentences:
Yes-no questions (or general questions) (e.g. Have they gone? ) Incomplete statements (e.g. When he came, I asked him to
Unit 25 The Intonation of Reporting Phrases 报导语的音调 (p. 136-)
The definition of reporting phrases: phrases such as “he asked” and “said the other”. 1. Reporting phrases + quoted speech – rising or level tune. (e.g. She was ֠calling, “Have you finished? ” ) 2. Quoted speech + Reporting phrases Quoted speech (if with a falling tune)– reporting phrases (remains on a low level) (e.g. “You can’t come,” he ֠said ֠angrily.) Quoted speech (if with a falling-rising tune or rising tune)– reporting phrases (rising tune) (e.g. “ Are you in a hurry?” she asked. ) More examples and exercises: P.136-139
Unit 27 The Intonation of Exclamations, Apologies, Greetings and Leave-takings 惊叹，道歉，见面和告别的句子语调 （p.146-）
Something not very exciting – rising tune. (e.g. you.) Thank
the stressed syllable of the important word (=key word, or content word) the falling tune]
Note: [
Some concepts:
Intonation unit 音调单位: it usually corresponds to a sense group (or word group) . (e.g. – Oh, / do you know one? -- Great! Let’s go.) Elements in an intonation unit The pre-head 调冠: any unstressed syllable or syllables that may precede the head - or the nucleus, if there is no head The head 调头: the part of an intonation unit that extends from the first stressed syllable up to the nucleus The nucleus调核: the stressed syllable of the last content word in an intonation unit The tail 调尾: any syllable or syllables that may follow the nucleus
They
flew to
London. (The nucleus is on the verb: flew.
The speaker wants to highlight how they travelled: They flew to London, not drove to London. )
They