高考宾语从句解题透视PDF版

高考英语宾语从句解题透视
一、关联词
关联词又称“连词”或“引导词”，是宾语从句的重要组成部分。

连词可细分为连接代词（that，who，whom，what，which）、连接副词（when，where，why，how）和从属连词（if，whether。

由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句，用if或whether引导）。

在试卷中一般依据从句中“缺什么补什么”的原则，结合上下文选用恰当的连词。

如：
I don’t know who will be our headteacher next semester.缺指人的主语用who，如缺指物的主语则用what。

I doubt what my epal will write soon. 缺指物的宾语用what，如缺指人的宾语则用whom。

I think that my deskmate will get through all the major subjects. 句子不缺成分，用that; 如果that后跟有代词，可省略that。

She let me know when the meeting would be held. 缺时间状语，用when；缺地点状语，用where；缺原因状语，用why；缺方式状语，用how。

I don’t know which / what topic I should choose. 缺定语，用what或which。

The teacher asked whether / if I was getting ready for the coming test. 表示“是否（有，能，已经……）”等含义，用whether
或if。

I’d be interested to know whether he wil l see the movie“Dawn” or not. 强调是否对比时，用连词whether。

例1 A computer can only do _____ you have instructed it to do.
A. how
B. after
C. what
D. when
解析：待选项在从句中充当to do的宾语，故选C。

例2 Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why
B. what
C. who
D. that
解析：由于从句中句意清楚，结构完整，故可排除B、C项；D项用于宾语从句时只起引导词的作用，无词义，同时不充当任何成分，而题干上下文表示因果关系，故选A。

例3 The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ________ he thought was not enough.
A. where
B. how
C. what
D. which
解析：根据句子结构，for后面的从句缺少主语，故答案为C。

例4 The way he did it was different ________ we were used to.
A. in which
B. in what
C. from what
D. from which 解析：答案为C。

本题为词组be different from后跟what引导的宾语从句，不要误看作定语从句而选D。

例5He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without
mentioning _____ his teammates had done.
A. what
B. which
C. why
D. while
解析：由句式结构可知mention后为宾语从句；do作实意动词时为及物动词，故空格处需要既能作do的宾语，又能引导宾语从句的连词，答案为A。

二、语序
以从属连词（if，whether）、连接代词（what，which，who，whose）和连接副词（when，where，how，why）等引导的宾语从句用陈述句语序。

例6 No one can be sure ______ in a million years.
A. what man will look like
B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what
D. what look will man like
解析： B项是特殊疑问句语序，有悖于宾语从句的陈述语序；C、D 项句法、句意均不妥；A项是陈述句语序，故正确。

例7 The boss went up to ask _____.
A. what the matter was
B. what’s the matter
C. what was the matter
D. what the matter is
解析： A项易被判断成陈述句语序，颇具迷惑性。

实际上，从句中的what作主语，was为系动词，the matter是表语。

B、D项时态错
误，C项正确。

三、时态
宾语从句的时态要和主句相呼应。

如果主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词时态可不受约束；如果主句谓语动词是过去时，从句谓语动词的时态须与之呼应；当从句叙述的是客观真理时，其谓语动词仍用现在时态。

如：
I thought he had gone to town today.
Galileo insisted that the earth moves round the sun.
例8 The manager entered the
office and was happy to learn fourfifth of the tickets ________.
A. was booked
B. had been booked
C. were booked
D. have been booked
解析：本题主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句中的事件先于主句的事件发生，且是被动，故选B。

例9 We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
A. leaves
B. would leave
C. had left
D. had been away 解析：根据关键词soon可知动作尚未发生，又因主句谓语动词made 为过去时，故选B。

例10 —Do you work in the lab every afternoon?
—No, but sometimes I wish I _________.
A. have time
B. had time to do
C. have time to
D. had time to
解析：答案为D。

wish后接宾语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟形式。

四、宾语从句的减缩式
宾语从句有时可减缩为“疑问词+不定式”的形式。

例11I’ve worked with children b efore, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
解析：宾语从句减缩式“疑问词+不定式”是解题关键。

选项C是不定式的进行时，强调动作“正在进行”，不符合题意，故选B。

例12 It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
解析：“疑问词+不定式”作及物动词know的宾语，选项中it代替了the land，故正确答案为C。

例13 The mother didn’t know
_____ to blame for the broken glasses as it happened while she was out.
A. who
B. when
C. how
D. what
解析： B、C、D项的疑问词用错，故选A。

五、宾语从句的特殊式
1. 复合连接代词在宾语从句中的使用。

如：
Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interest. （whoever= anyone who / any person who）
These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them.（whatever= anything that）
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. whatever在此处是泛指，不可被what替代。

而“I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words.”中的who表特定的某人，不可以改成whoever。

2. it作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。

（1）动词 + it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + thatclause。

thatclause中谓语动词前可加should，亦可省略。

如：I think it important that you （should） attend the conference. （2）动词+ it + as + 名词 / 形容词 + clause。

如：
The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.
（3）动词+ it + 介词 + thatclause。

常见的有：owe it to sb. + thatclause（把……归功于某人）， leave it to sb. + thatclause （把……留给某人去做）， take it for granted + thatclause （想
当然）， keep it in mind + thatclause （记住……）。

如：
I just took it for granted that he’d always be around. （4）动词 + it + clause。

如：
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
英语中少数介词很活跃，能带从句作其宾语。

如：I go to see a film except when it rains.
3. 含宾语从句的反意疑问句。

当陈述部分带有that引导的宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与陈述部分主句的主语和谓语保持对应关系。

如：
Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, didn’t he?
当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think / believe / sup?鄄
pose / guess / imagine / expect / suspect / feel等时，疑问部分的主语和谓语往往与陈述部分从句中的主语和谓语保持对应关系，此时实质上是将对主句的否定转移到对从句的否定上。

如：
I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they?
4. 两个及以上表示陈述的宾语从句并列时，第一个连词that可以省略，但第二个及以后的不可省。

如：
He told me （that） they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.
5. 主语 + be +形容词 + clause。

如：
I’m afraid that I can’t promise you anything.
例14 The poor young man is
ready to accept ________ help he can get.
A. whichever
B. however
C. whatever
D. whenever
解析：本题考查的引导词引导宾语从句，同时作get的宾语。

B、D 两项在句中是作状语的；由于没有给出明确的指代物，故A项也不合适；答案为C。

例15 _____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who
B. The one
C. Anyone
D. Whoever
解析： whoever= anyone （anybody / any person / he） who，答案为D。

例16 I’d appreciate _______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. you
解析：答案为B。

某些动词和动词短语（如appreciate，like，hate，see to等）后面不能直接带从句，往往需先插入it再带that，if 或when引导的从句。

例17 —I don’t think you could have been used to the quick pace of life while studying in the USA，______ you?
—______. I thought of returning to our country at one time.
A. had; Yes
B. do; Yes
C. have; No
D. were; No
解析：本句带有推测的意味，疑问部分的谓语不能用情态动词。

could have been 表示对过去的推测，故疑问部分的谓语应用were与之对应，应选D。

例18 With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _______ he was a man of action.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
解析：因从句he was a man of action为主系表结构，且表达肯定意义，不缺少句子成分，故选B项。