雅思阅读练习2
雅思阅读2(初级版)
READINGREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-11, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Section AMuynak used to be a port city. Inhabitants of Muynak, of which there are fewer and fewer, now pose for pictures next to ships which were once anchored along the shores of the Aral Sea, but are now stranded in an ocean of sand where water once was. These pictures are published in scientific journals and magazines alongside descriptions of how what was once the world’s fourt h largest lake may disappear altogether by 2020.Section BThe Aral Sea is located in the central Asian desert between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In 1960, it covered 68,000 km2, and its waters fed agriculture across the region. By 1998, the area of the Aral Sea had shrunk to one third of its previous size and has now become a symbol of how drastically human activities can adversely affect the environment, and how much this effect can, in turn, affect human activities.Section CThe reason for this change is not exclusively due to man. Droughts in the 1970s and 80s reduced the amount of water carried by the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, two rivers which feed the sea. However, farming policies implemented during the middle of the 20th century increased the farming of water-hungry crops like cotton, and farmers used vast quantities of water from these two rivers to irrigate their land. The result of this was that very little water was entering the Aral Sea, and it consequently began decreasing in volume.Section DPolicy makers at the time were aware of the effect of diverting so much water for agriculture, but they saw it as an acceptable trade-off to improving agricultural output, and thereby improving the economy. The sea itself was of less importance to the progress of society than farming which could produce not only crops for domestic use but commodities for trade.Section EThey did not, however, anticipate all the effects that the drying of the Aral Sea would have. The Aral Sea is a salt-water sea, and the salt left behind when the waters retreated has now blown away with wind and storms, making patches of land unsuitable for farming. This affects not only the surrounding region, but lands as far as a thousand kilometers away. In addition, the remaining waters have become increasingly more concentrated in salt, and this is killing off a once thriving fishing industry as it kills off the fish themselves. The Aral Sea, like all large bodies of water, has a strong effect on local climate, and as it has disappeared, harvesting seasons have become shorter and dryer. Many farmers in the surrounding area have had to give up growing cotton because the growing season is not long enough for this crop.Section FThe effect on inhabitants of the area is not limited to economics and productivity. The health of those living in the area has deteriorated due to a supply of drinking water which has high concentrations of minerals. The area has seen sharp jumps in the rates of cancer and respiratory illnesses.Section GThere are compelling reasons to halt and try to reverse the fate of the Aral Sea, but it would be difficult. The region, though weakened by worsening conditions, still depends on agriculture to survive, and there are no alternative sources of water. In the 1980s, it was proposed to divert water from rivers far to the north in an effort to save the Aral Sea, and it might have worked had the price of the project, an estimated $250 billion, not been prohibitive.QuestionsThe Reading Passage has seven sections, A-G.Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-x in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi) Man mostly to blameii) Devastating outcomesiii) A port in a sea of sandiv) A lost causev) The world's fourth largest lakevi) A symbol of environmental disastervii) A man-made disasterviii) A fair exchange?ix) Poisonous watersx) The problem of salt1) Section A2) Section B3) Section C4) Section D5) Section E6) Section F7) Section GDo the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?On your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this8) The Amu Darya and the Syr Darya were not water sources before the 20th century.9) The Aral Sea will be saved by diverting water from other rivers.10) Many farmers have had to stop growing cotton and opt for other crops due to increased salt in the soil.11) Policy makers were unaware of how much the Aral Sea would shrink due to increased agriculture in the area.参考答案Answers1) iii2) vi3) i4) viii5) ii6) ix7) iv8) NOT GIVEN9) FALSE10) FALSE11) TRUE。
雅思阅读(二)
题目要求答案的形式是什么？我的答案是 否在格式上和题目要求的有所出入？ 题型地位： A类近几年比较少 G类主流题，每次必考，题量比较大 破题原则 1.直接定位答案原则 由于简答题的特殊性，我们很难直接在题 目中寻找特殊字符找到答案，但可以将思 路转向答案本身
题目：What’s the average number of people you would expect to find in automobiles during commuting hours? 2.答案精确原则 Scientist explained that the surface crust of Mars is not formed of a network of plates,like the Earth’s What distinguishes the Earth’s crust from that of Mars?
题型要求：题目本身专门针对答案设计了 一些限制性要求，常见的有 Use no more than three words Use a number only Use words or phrases taken from the reading passage 破题原则： 1.定位简便原则（一般要填的内容在文章中 都相对显眼，确定起来比较容易） 表格中需要填写的答案分2类：
万能犹豫句
This is a tough question. I have never heard about it, nor have I ever read about it (倒装句丰富句型). Now you want me to talk about it. But I don't have too much to say. Give me a few seconds for me to search every piece of information in my head now.
剑桥雅思真题8-阅读Test 2(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题8-阅读Test 2（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Sheet glass manufacture: the float processGlass, which has been made since the time of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, is little more than a mixture of sand, soda ash and lime. When heated to about 1500 degrees Celsius (°C) this becomes a molten mass that hardens when slowly cooled. The first successful method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning. This method was very effective as the glass had not touched any surfaces between being soft and becoming hard, so it stayed perfectly unblemished, with a ‘fire finish’. However, the process took a long time and was labour intensive.Nevertheless, demand for flat glass was very high and glassmakers across the world were looking for a method of making it continuously. The first continuous ribbon process involved squeezing molten glass through two hot rollers, similar to an old mangle. This allowed glass of virtually any thickness to be made non-stop, but the rollers would leave both sides of the glass marked, and these would then need to be ground and polished. This part of the process rubbed away around 20 per cent of the glass, and the machines were very expensive.The float process for making flat glass was invented by Alistair Pilkington. This process allows the manufacture of clear, tinted and coated glass for buildings, and clear and tinted glass for vehicles. Pilkington had been experimenting with improving the melting process, and in 1952 he had the idea of using a bed of molten metal to form the flat glass, eliminating altogether the need for rollers within the float bath. The metal had to melt at a temperature less than the hardening point of glass (about 600°C), but could net boil at a temperature below the temperature of the molten glass (about 1500°C). The best metal for the job was tin.The rest of the concept relied on gravity, which guaranteed that the surface of the molten metal was perfectly flat and horizontal. Consequently, when pouring molten glass onto the molten tin, the underside of the glass would also be perfectly flat. If the glass were kept hot enough, it would flow over the molten tin until the top surface was also flat, horizontal and perfectly parallel to the bottom surface. Once the glass cooled to 604°C or less it was too hard to mark and could be transported out of the cooling zone by rollers. The glass settled to a thickness of six millimetres because of surface tension interactions between the glass and the tin. By fortunate coincidence, 60 per cent of the flat glass market at that time was for six- millimetre glass.Pilkington built a pilot plant in 1953 and by 1955 he had convinced his company to build a full-scale plant. However, it took 14 months of non-stop production, costing the company £100,000 a month, before the plant produced any usable glass. Furthermore, once they succeeded in making marketable flat glass, the machine was turned off for a service to prepare it for years of continuous production. When it started up again it took another four months to get the process right again. They finally succeeded in 1959 and there are now float plants all over the world, with each able to produce around 1000 tons of glass every day, non-stop for around 15 years.Float plants today make glass of near optical quality. Several processes -melting, refining,homogenising - take place simultaneously in the 2000 tonnes of molten glass in the furnace. They occur in separate zones in a complex glass flow driven by high temperatures. It adds up to a continuous melting process, lasting as long as 50 hours, that delivers glass smoothly and continuously to the float bath, and from there to a coating zone and finally a heat treatment zone, where stresses formed during cooling are relieved.The principle of float glass is unchanged since the 1950s. However, the product has changed dramatically, from a single thickness of 6.8 mm to a range from sub-millimetre to 25 mm, from a ribbon frequently marred by inclusions and bubbles to almost optical perfection. To ensure the highest quality, inspection takes place at every stage. Occasionally, a bubble is not removed during refining, a sand grain refuses to melt, a tremor in the tin puts ripples into the glass ribbon. Automated on-line inspection does two things. Firstly, it reveals process faults upstream that can be corrected. Inspection technology allows more than 100 million measurements a second to be made across the ribbon, locating flaws the unaided eye would be unable to see. Secondly, it enables computers downstream to steer cutters around flaws.Float glass is sold by the square metre, and at the final stage computers translate customer requirements into patterns of cuts designed to minimise waste.Question 1-8Complete the table and diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes on your answer sheet.Early methods of producing flat glassQuestion 9-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage9. The metal used in the float process had to have specific properties.10. Pilkington invested some of his own money in his float plant.11. Pilkington's first full-scale plant was an instant commercial success.12. The process invented by Pilkington has now been improved.puters are better than humans at detecting faults in glass.Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.The Little Ice AgeA This book will provide a detailed examination of the Little Ice Age and other climatic shifts, but, before I embark on that, let me provide a historical context. We tend to think of climate - as opposed to weather -as something unchanging, yet humanity has been at the mercy of climate change for its entire existence, with at least eight glacial episodes in the past 730,000 years. Our ancestors adapted to the universal but irregular global warming since the end of the last great Ice Age, around 10,000 years ago, with dazzling opportunism. They developed strategies for surviving harsh drought cycles, decades of heavy rainfall or unaccustomed cold; adopted agriculture and stock-raising, which revolutionized human life; and founded the world's first pre-industrial civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Americas. But the price of sudden climate change, in famine, disease and suffering, was often high.B The Little Ice Age lasted from roughly 1300 until the middle of the nineteenth century. Only two centuries ago, Europe experienced a cycle of bitterly cold winters; mountain glaciers in the Swiss Alps were the lowest in-recorded memory, and pack ice surrounded Iceland for much of the year. The climatic events of the Little Ice Age did more than help shape the modern world. They are the deeply important context for the current unprecedented global warming. The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean. The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, then switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves.C Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult, because systematic weather observations began only a few centuries ago, in Europe and North America. Records from India and tropical Africa are even more recent. For the time before records began, we have only 'proxy records' reconstructed largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts. We now have hundreds of tree-ring records from throughout thenorthern hemisphere, and many from south of the equator, too, amplified with a growing body of temperature data from ice cores drilled in Antarctica, Greenland the Peruvian Andes, and other locations. We are close to knowledge of annual summer and winter temperature variations over much of the northern hemisphere going back 600 years.D This book is a narrative history of climatic shifts during the past ten centuries, and some of the ways in which people in Europe adapted to them. Part One describes the Medieval Warm Period, roughly 900 t0 1200. During these three centuries, Norse voyagers from Northern Europe explored northern seas, settled Greenland, and visited North America. It was not a time of uniform warmth, for then, as always since the Great Ice Age, there were constant shifts in rainfall and temperature. Mean European temperatures were about the same as today, perhaps slightly cooler.E It is known that the Little Ice Age cooling began in Greenland and the Arctic in about 1200. As the Arctic ice pack spread southward, Norse voyages to the west were rerouted into the open Atlantic, then ended altogether. Storminess increased in the North Atlantic and North Sea. Colder, much wetter weather descended on Europe between 1315 and 1319, when thousands perished in a continent-wide famine. By 1400, the weather had become decidedly more unpredictable and stormier, with sudden shifts and lower temperatures that culminated in the cold decades of the late sixteenth century. Fish were a vital commodity in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern. Dried cod and herring were already the staples of the European fish trade, but changes in water temperatures forced fishing fleets to work further offshore. The Basques, Dutch, and English developed the first offshore fishing boats adapted to a colder and stormier Atlantic. A gradual agricultural revolution in northern Europe stemmed from concerns over food supplies at a time of rising populations. The revolution involved intensive commercial farming and the growing of animal fodder on land not previously used for crops. The increased productivity from farmland made some countries self-sufficient in grain and livestock and offered effective protection against famine.F Global temperatures began to rise slowly after 1850, with the beginning of the Modern Warm Period. There was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the Irish potato blight contributed, to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. Millions of hectares of forest and woodland fell before the newcomers' axes between 1850 and -1890, as intensive European farming methods expanded across the world. The unprecedented land clearance released vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global warming. Temperatures climbed more rapidly in the twentieth century as the use of fossil fuels proliferated and greenhouse gas levels continued to soar. The rise has been even steeper since the early 1980s. The Little Ice Age has given way to a new climatic regime, marked by prolonged and steady warming. At the same time, extreme weather events like Category 5 hurricanes are becoming more frequent.Question 14-17Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B and D–F from the list of headings below.write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.16Paragraph E17 Paragraph FQuestion 18-22Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.Weather during the Little Ice AgeDocumentation of past weather conditions is limited: our main sources of knowledge of inthedistant past are 18 …………and19 ………… . We can deduce that the Little Ice Age was a time of 20 ………… , rather than of consistent freezing. Within it there were some periods of very cold winters, others of 21 …………and heavy rain, and yet others that saw 22 …………with no rain at all.Question 23-Classify the following events as occurring during theA. Medieval Warm PeriodB. Little Ice AgeC. Modem Warm PeriodWrite the correct letter, A. B or C in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.23. Many Europeans started farming abroad.24. The cutting down of trees began to affect the climate.25. Europeans discovered other lands.26. Changes took place in fishing patterns.Reading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The meaning and power of smellThe sense of smell, or olfaction, is powerful. Odours affect us on a physical, psychological and social level. For the most part, however, we breathe in the aromas which surround us without being consciously aware of their importance to us. It is only when the faculty of smell is impaired for some reason that we begin to realise the essential role the sense of smell plays in our sense of well-being.A A survey conducted by Anthony Synott at Montreal's Concordia University asked participants to comment on how important smell was to them in their lives. It became apparent that smell can evoke strong emotional responses. A scent associated with a good experience can bring a rush of joy, while a foul odour or one associated with a bad memory may make us grimace with disgust. Respondents to the survey noted that many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional associations. Such associations can be powerful enough so that odours that we would generally label unpleasant become agreeable, and those that we would generally consider fragrant become disagreeable for particular individuals. The perception of smell, therefore, consists not only of the sensation of the odours themselves, but of the experiences and emotions associated with them.B Odours are also essential cues in social bonding. One respondent to the survey believed that there is no true emotional bonding without touching and smelling a loved one. In fact, infants recognise the odours of their mothers soon after birth and adults can often identify their children or spouses by scent. In one well-known test, women and men were able to distinguish by smell alone clothing worn by their marriage partners from similar clothing worn by other people. Most of the subjects would probably never have given much thought to odour as a cue for identifying family members before being involved in the test, but as the experiment revealed, even when not consciously considered, smells register.C In spite of its importance to our emotional and sensory lives, smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures. The reason often given for the low regard in which smell is held is that, in comparison with its importance among animals, the human sense of smell is feeble and undeveloped. While it is true that the olfactory powers of humans are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are still remarkably acute. Our noses are able to recognisethousands of smells, and to perceive odours which are present only in extremely small quantities.D Smell, however, is a highly elusive phenomenon. Odours, unlike colours, for instance, cannot be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn't exist. 'It smells like…., ' we have to say when describing an odour, struggling to express our olfactory experience. Nor can odours be recorded: there is no effective way to either capture or store them over time. In the realm of olfaction, we must make do with descriptions and recollections. This has implications for olfactory research.E Most of the research on smell undertaken to date has been of a physical scientific nature. Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the biological and chemical nature of olfaction, but many fundamental questions have yet to be answered. Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two -one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air. Other unanswered questions are whether the nose is the only part of the body affected by odours, and how smells can be measured objectively given the nonphysical components. Questions like these mean that interest in the psychology of smell is inevitably set to play an increasingly important role for researchers.F However, smell is not simply a biological and psychological phenomenon. Smell is cultural, hence it is a social and historical phenomenon. Odours are invested with cultural values: smells that are considered to be offensive in some cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others. Therefore, our sense of smell is a means of, and model for, interacting with the world. Different smells can provide us with intimate and emotionally charged experiences and the value that we attach to these experiences is interiorised by the members of society in a deeply personal way. Importantly, our commonly held feelings about smells can help distinguish us from other cultures. The study of the cultural history of smell is, therefore, in a very real sense, an investigation into the essence of human culture.Question 27-32Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.28Paragraph B29 Paragraph C30 Paragraph D31 Paragraph E32Paragraph FQuestions 33-36Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet.33 According to the introduction, we become aware of the importance of smell whenA we discover a new smell.B we experience a powerful smell.C our ability to smell is damaged.D we are surrounded by odours.34 The experiment described in paragraph BA shows how we make use of smell without realising it.B demonstrates that family members have a similar smell.C proves that a sense of smell is learnt.D compares the sense of smell in males and females.35 What is the writer doing in paragraph C?A supporting other researchB making a proposalD describing limitations36 What does the writer suggest about the study of smell in the atmosphere in paragraph E?A The measurement of smell is becoming more accurate.B Researchers believe smell is a purely physical reaction.C Most smells are inoffensive.D Smell is yet to be defined.Questions 37-40Complete the sentences below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.37 Tests have shown that odours can help people recognise the ………… belonging to theirhusbands and wives.38 Certain linguistic groups may have difficulty describing smell because they lack the appropriate ………… .39 The sense of smell may involve response to ………… which do not smell, in addition to obvious odours.40 Odours regarded as unpleasant in certain ………… are not regarded as unpleasant in others.参考答案1 spinning2 (perfectly) unblemished3 labour/labor-intensive4 thickness5 marked6 (molten) glass7 (molten) tin/metal8 rollers9 TRUE10 NOT GIVEN11 FALSE12 TRUE13 TRUE14 ii15 vii16 ix17 iv18&19 (IN EITHER ORDER) C B20A21H22G23C24C25A26B27 viii28 ii29 vi30 i31 iii32 v33C34A35C36D37 clothing38 vocabulary39 chemicals40 cultures。
剑桥雅思真题7-阅读Test 2(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题7-阅读Test 2（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Why pagodas don’t fall downIn a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes, how have Japan's tallest and seemingly flimsiest old buildings - 500 or so wooden pagodas - remained standing for centuries? Records show that only two have collapsed during the past 1400 years. Those that have disappeared were destroyed by fire as a result of lightning or civil war. The disastrous Hanshin earthquake in 1995 killed 6,400 people, toppled elevated highways, flattened office blocks and devastated the port area of Kobe. Yet it left the magnificent five-storey pagoda at the Toji temple in nearby Kyoto unscathed, though it levelled a number of buildings in the neighbourhood.Japanese scholars have been mystified for ages about why these tall, slender buildings are so stable. It was only thirty years ago that the building industry felt confident enough to erect office blocks of steel and reinforced concrete that had more than a dozen floors. With its special shock absorbers to dampen the effect of sudden sideways movements from an earthquake, the thirty-six-storey Kasumigaseki building in central Tokyo -Japan's first skyscraper -was considered a masterpiece of modern engineering when it was built in 1968.Yet in 826, with only pegs and wedges to keep his wooden structure upright, the master builder Kobodaishi had no hesitation in sending his majestic Toji pagoda soaring fifty-five metres into the sky - nearly half as high as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later. Clearly, Japanese carpenters of the day knew a few tricks about allowing a building to sway and settle itself rather than fight nature's forces. But what sort of tricks?The multi-storey pagoda came to Japan from China in the sixth century. As in China, they were first introduced with Buddhism and were attached to important temples. The Chinese built their pagodas in brick or stone, with inner staircases, and used them in later centuries mainly as watchtowers. When the pagoda reached Japan, however, its architecture was freely adapted to local conditions - they were built less high, typically five rather than nine storeys, made mainly of wood and the staircase was dispensed with because the Japanese pagoda did not have any practical use but became more of an art object. Because of the typhoons that batter Japan in the summer, Japanese builders learned to extend the eaves of buildings further beyond the walls. This prevents rainwater gushing down the walls. Pagodas in China and Korea have nothing like the overhang that is found on pagodas in Japan.The roof of a Japanese temple building can be made to overhang the sides of the structure by fifty per cent or more of the building's overall width. For the same reason, the builders of Japanese pagodas seem to have further increased their weight by choosing to cover these extended eaves not with the porcelain tiles of many Chinese pagodas but with much heavier earthenware tiles.But this does not totally explain the great resilience of Japanese pagodas. Is the answer that, like a tall pine tree, the Japanese pagoda - with its massive trunk-like central pillar known as shinbashira - simply flexes and sways during a typhoon or earthquake? For centuries, many thought so. But the answer is not so simple because the startling thing is that the Shinbashira actually carries noload at all. In fact, in some pagoda designs, it does not even rest on the ground, but is suspended from the top of the pagoda - hanging loosely down through the middle of the building. The weight of the building is supported entirely by twelve outer and four inner columns.And what is the role of the shinbashira, the central pillar? The best way to understand the Shinbashira's role is to watch a video made by Shuzo Ishida, a structural engineer at Kyoto Institute of Technology. Mr. Ishida, known to his students as 'Professor Pagoda' because of his passion to understand the pagoda, has built a series of models and tested them on a 'shake- table' in his laboratory. In short, the Shinbashira was acting like an enormous stationary pendulum. The ancient craftsmen, apparently without the assistance of very advanced mathematics, seemed to grasp the principles that were, more than a thousand years later, applied in the construction of Japan's first skyscraper. What those early craftsmen had found by trial and error was that under pressure a pagoda's loose stack of floors could be made to slither to and fro independent of one another. Viewed from the side, the pagoda seemed to be doing a snake dance -with each consecutive floor moving in the opposite direction to its neighbours above and below. The shinbashira, running up through a hole in the centre of the building, constrained individual storeys from moving too far because, after moving a certain distance, they banged into it, transmitting energy away along the column.Another strange feature of the Japanese pagoda is that, because the building tapers, with each successive floor plan being smaller than the one below, none of the vertical pillars that carry the weight of the building is connected to its corresponding pillar above. In other words, a five- storey pagoda contains not even one pillar that travels right up through the building to carry the structural loads from the top to the bottom. More surprising is the fact that the individual storeys of a Japanese pagoda, unlike their counterparts elsewhere, are not actually connected to each other. They are simply stacked one on top of another like a pile of hats. Interestingly, such a design would not be permitted under current Japanese building regulations.And the extra-wide eaves? Think of them as a tightrope walker's balancing pole. The bigger the mass at each end of the pole, the easier it is for the tightrope walker to maintain his or her balance. The same holds true for a pagoda. 'With the eaves extending out on all sides like balancing poles,' says Mr Ishida, 'the building responds to even the most powerful jolt of an earthquake with a graceful swaying, never an abrupt shaking.' Here again, Japanese master builders of a thousand years ago anticipated concepts of modern structural engineering.Question 1-4Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this1. Only two Japanese pagodas have collapsed in 1400 years.2. The Hanshin earthquake of 1995 destroyed the pagoda at the Toji temple.3. The other buildings near the Toji pagoda had been built in the last 30 years.4. The builders of pagodas knew how to absorb some of the power produced by severe weather conditions.Question 5-10Classify the following as typical ofA. both Chinese and Japanese pagodasB. only Chinese pagodasC. only Japanese pagodasWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet.5. easy interior access to top6. tiles on eaves7. use as observation post8. size of eaves up to half the width of the building9. original religious purpose10. floors fitting loosely over each otherQuestion 11-13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.11. In a Japanese pagoda, the shinbashiraA. bears the full weight of the building.B. bends under pressure like a tree.C. connects the floors with the foundations.D. stops the floors moving too far.12. Shuzo Ishida performs experiments in order toA. improve skyscraper design.B. be able to build new pagodas.C. learn about the dynamics of pagodas.D. understand ancient mathematics.13. The storeys of a Japanese pagoda areA. linked only by wood.B. fastened only to the central pillar.C. fitted loosely on top of each other.D. joined by special weights.Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.The True Cost of FoodA For more than forty years the cost of food has been rising. It has now reached a point where a growing number of people believe that it is far too high, and that bringing it down will be one of the great challenges of the twenty first century. That cost, however, is not in immediate cash. In the west at least, most food is now far cheaper to buy in relative terms than it was in 1960. The cost is in the collateral damage of the very methods of food production that have made the food cheaper: in the pollution of water, the enervation of soil, the destruction of wildlife, the harm to animal welfare and the threat to human health caused by modern industrial agriculture.B First mechanisation, then mass use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, then monocultures, then battery rearing of livestock, and now genetic engineering -the onward march of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last half-century, as the yields of produce have soared. But the damage it has caused has been colossal. In Britain, for example, many of our best-loved farmland birds, such as the skylark, the grey partridge, the lapwing and the corn bunting, have vanished from huge stretches of countryside, as have even more wild flowers and insects. This is a direct result of the way we have produced our food in the last four decades. Thousands of miles of hedgerows, thousands of ponds, have disappeared from the landscape. The faecal filth of salmon farming has driven wild salmon from many of the sea lochs and rivers of Scotland. Natural soil fertility is dropping in many areas because of continuous industrial fertiliser and pesticide use, while the growth of algae is increasing in lakes because of the fertiliser run-off.C Put it all together and it looks like a battlefield, but consumers rarely make the connection at the dinner table. That is mainly because the costs of all this damage are what economists refer to as externalities: they are outside the main transaction, which is for example producing and selling a field of wheat, and are borne directly by neither producers nor consumers. To many, the costs may not even appear to be financial at all, but merely aesthetic - a terrible shame, but nothing to do with money. And anyway they, as consumers of food, certainly aren't paying for it, are they?D But the costs to society can actually be quantified and, when added up, can amount to staggering sums. A remarkable exercise in doing this has been carried out by one of the world's leading thinkers on the future of agriculture, Professor Jules Pretty, Director of the Centre for Environment and Society at the University of Essex. Professor Pretty and his colleagues calculated the externalities of British agriculture for one particular year. They added up the costs of repairing the damage it caused, and came up with a total figure of ￡2,343m. This is equivalent to ￡208 for every hectare of arable land and permanent pasture, almost as much again as the total government and EU spend on British farming in that year. And according to Professor Pretty, it was a conservative estimate.E The costs included: ￡120m for removal of pesticides; ￡16m for removal of nitrates; ￡55m for removal of phosphates and soil; ￡23m for the removal of the bug cryptosporidium from drinking water by water companies; ￡125m for damage to wildlife habitats, hedgerows and dry stone walls; ￡1,113m from emissions of gases likely to contribute to climate change; ￡106m from soil erosion and organic carbon losses; ￡169m from food poisoning; and ￡607m from cattle disease. Professor Pretty draws a simple but memorable conclusion from all this: our food bills are actually threefold. We are paying for our supposedly cheaper food in three separate ways: once over the counter, secondly through our taxes, which provide the enormous subsidies propping up modern intensive farming, and thirdly to clean up the mess that modern farming leaves behind.F So can the true cost of food be brought down? Breaking away from industrial agriculture asthe solution to hunger may be very hard for some countries, but in Britain, where the immediate need to supply food is less urgent, and the costs and the damage of intensive farming have been clearly seen, it may be more feasible. The government needs to create sustainable, competitive and diverse farming and food sectors, which will contribute to a thriving and sustainable rural economy, and advance environmental, economic, health, and animal welfare goals.G But if industrial agriculture is to be replaced, what is a viable alternative? Professor Pretty feels that organic farming would be too big a jump in thinking and in practices for many farmers. Furthermore, the price premium would put the produce out of reach of many poorer consumers. He is recommending the immediate introduction of a ‘Greener Food Standard', which would push the market towards more sustainable environmental practices than the current norm, while not requiring the full commitment to organic production. Such a standard would comprise agreed practices for different kinds of farming, covering agrochemical use, soil health, land management, water and energy use, food safety and animal health. It could go a long way, he says, to shifting consumers as well as farmers towards a more sustainable system of agriculture.Question 14-17Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.14. a cost involved in purifying domestic water15. the stages in the development of the farming industry16. the term used to describe hidden costs17. one effect of chemicals on water sourcesQuestion 18-21Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 18-21 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this18. Several species of wildlife in the British countryside are declining.19. The taste of food has deteriorated in recent years.20. The financial costs of environmental damage are widely recognised.21. One of the costs calculated by Professor Pretty was illness caused by food.Question 22-26Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.Professor Pretty concludes that our 22 …………are higher than most people realise, because we make three different types of payment. He feels it is realistic to suggest that Britain should reduce its reliance on 23 ………… .Although most farmers would be unable to adapt to 24 …………, Professor Pretty wants thegovernment to initiate change by establishing what he refers to as a 25 ………… . He feels this would help to change the attitudes of both 26 ………… and………… .Reading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Makete Integrated Rural Transport ProjectSection AThe disappointing results of many conventional road transport projects in Africa led some experts to rethink the strategy by which rural transport problems were to be tackled at the beginning of the 1980s. A request for help in improving the availability of transport within the remote Makete District of south- western Tanzania presented the opportunity to try a new approach.The concept of ‘integrated rural transport' was adopted in the task of examining the transport needs of the rural households in the district. The objective was to reduce the time and effort needed to obtain access to essential goods and services through an improved rural transport system. The underlying assumption was that the time saved would be used instead for activities that would improve the social and economic development of the communities. The Makete Integrated Rural Transport Project (MIRTP) started in 1985 with financial support from the Swiss Development Corporation and was co-ordinated with the help of the Tanzanian government.Section BWhen the project began, Makete District was virtually totally isolated during the rainy season. The regional road was in such bad shape that access to the main towns was impossible for about three months of the year. Road traffic was extremely rare within the district, and alternative means of transport were restricted to donkeys in the north of the district. People relied primarily on the paths, which were slippery and dangerous during the rains.Before solutions could be proposed, the problems had to be understood. Little was known about the transport demands of the rural households, so Phase Ⅰ, between December 1985 and December 1987, focused on research. The socio-economic survey of more than 400 households in the district indicated that a household in Makete spent, on average, seven hours a day on transporting themselves and their goods, a figure which seemed extreme but which has also been obtained in surveys in other rural areas in Africa. Interesting facts regarding transport were found: 95% was on foot; 80% was within the locality; and 70% was related to the collection of water and firewood and travelling to grinding mills.Section CHaving determined the main transport needs, possible solutions were identified which might reduce the time and burden. During Phase Ⅱ, from January to February 1991, a number of approaches were implemented in an effort to improve mobility and access to transport.An improvement of the road network was considered necessary to ensure the import and export of goods to the district. These improvements were carried out using methods that were heavily dependent on labour. In addition to the improvement of roads, these methods provided training in the operation of a mechanical workshop and bus and truck services. However, the difference from the conventional approach was that this time consideration was given to local transport needs outside the road network.Most goods were transported along the paths that provide short-cuts up and down the hillsides, but the paths were a real safety risk and made the journey on foot even more arduous. It made sense to improve the paths by building steps, handrails and footbridges.It was uncommon to find means of transport that were more efficient than walking but less technologically advanced than motor vehicles. The use of bicycles was constrained by their high cost and the lack of available spare parts. Oxen were not used at all but donkeys were used by a few households in the northern part of the district. MIRTP focused on what would be most appropriate for the inhabitants of Makete in terms of what was available, how much they could afford and what they were willing to accept. After careful consideration, the project chose the promotion of donkeys -a donkey costs less than a bicycle-and the introduction of a locally manufacturable wheelbarrow.Section DAt the end of Phase Ⅱ, it was clear that the selected approaches to Makete's transport problems had had different degrees of success. Phase Ⅲ, from March 1991 to March 1993, focused on the refinement and institutionalisation of these activities.The road improvements and accompanying maintenance system had helped make the district centre accessible throughout the year. Essential goods from outside the district had become more readily available at the market, and prices did not fluctuate as much as they had done before. Paths and secondary roads were improved only at the request of communities who were willing to participate in construction and maintenance. However, the improved paths impressed the inhabitants, and requests for assistance greatly increased soon after only a few improvements had been completed.The efforts to improve the efficiency of the existing transport services were not very successful because most of the motorised vehicles in the district broke down and there were no resources to repair them. Even the introduction of low-cost means of transport was difficult because of the general poverty of the district. The locally manufactured wheelbarrows were still too expensive for all but a few of the households. Modifications to the original design by local carpenters cut production time and costs. Other local carpenters have been trained in the new design so that they can respond to requests. Nevertheless, a locally produced wooden wheelbarrow which costs around 5000 Tanzanian shillings (less than US$20) in Makete, and is about one quarter the cost of a metal wheelbarrow, is still too expensive for most people.Donkeys, which were imported to the district, have become more common and contribute, in particular, to the transportation of crops and goods to market. Those who have bought donkeys are mainly from richer households but, with an increased supply through local breeding, donkeys should become more affordable. Meanwhile, local initiatives are promoting the renting out of the existing donkeys.It should be noted, however, that a donkey, which at 20,000 Tanzanian shillings costs less than a bicycle, is still an investment equal to an average household's income over half a year. This clearly illustrates the need for supplementary measures if one wants to assist the rural poor.Section EIt would have been easy to criticise the MIRTP for using in the early phases a’top-down' approach, in which decisions were made by experts and officials before being handed down to communities, but it was necessary to start the process from the level of the governmental authorities of thedistrict.It would have been difficult to respond to the requests of villagers and other rural inhabitants without the support and understanding of district authorities.Section FToday, nobody in the district argues about the importance of improved paths and inexpensive means of transport. But this is the result of dedicated work over a long period, particularly from the officers in charge of community development. They played an essential role in raising awareness and interest among the rural communities.The concept of integrated rural transport is now well established in Tanzania, where a major program of rural transport is just about to start. The experiences from Makete will help in this initiative, and Makete District will act as a reference for future work.Question 27-30Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-FChoose the correct heading for paragraphs B, C, E and F from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-xi, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.28 Section C30 Section FQuestion 31-35Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 31-35 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this31. MIRTP was divided into five phases.32. Prior to the start of MIRTP the Makete district was almost inaccessible during the rainy season.33. Phase I of MIRTP consisted of a survey of household expenditure on transport.34. The survey concluded that one-fifth or 20% of the household transport requirement as outside the local area.35. MIRTP hoped to improve the movement of goods from Makete district to the country's capital. Question 36-39Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-J, below.Write the correct letter, A-J, into boxes 36-39 on your answer sheet.36 Construction of footbridges, steps and handrails37 Frequent breakdown of buses and trucks in Makete38 The improvement of secondary roads and paths39 The isolation of Makete for part of the yearChoose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.40. Which of the following phrases best describes the main aim of Reading Passage 3?A. to suggest that projects such as MIRTP are needed in other countriesB. to describe how MIRTP was implemented and how successful it wasC. to examine how MIRTP promoted the use of donkeysD. to warn that projects such as MIRTP are likely to have serious problems参考答案1 YES2 NO3 NOT GIVEN4 YES5 B6 A7 B8 C9 A10 C11 D12 C13 C14 E15 B16 C17 B18 YES19 NOT GIVEN20 NO21YES22 food bills/costs23 (modern) intensive farming24 organic farming25 Greener Food Standard26 (IN EITHER ORDER) farmers (and) consumers27 ii28 v29 x30 i31 NO32 YES33 NO34 YES35 NOT GIVEN36 D37 I38 G39 E40B。
雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析
雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析一、练习题阅读Passage 1：阅读以下段落，回答问题1-5。
1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The advantages of the Internet.B. The disadvantages of the Internet.C. The impact of the Internet on society.D. The history of the Internet.2. According to the passage, which of the following is a problem caused by the widespread adoption of the Internet?A. Environmental pollution.B. Privacy issues.C. Economic growth.D. Educational improvement.3. Why does the Internet lead to social isolation?A.因为它改变了人们的交流方式B.因为它使人们更容易获取信息C.因为它促进了全球连接D.因为它提供了更多的娱乐方式4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Privacy issues.B. The spread of misinformation.C. Social isolation.D. Education inequality.5. In the author's opinion, how should people use the Internet responsibly?A. They should limit their online activities to protect their privacy.B. They should only consume information from trusted sources.C. They should spend more time on social media to stay connected.D. They should use the Internet as an educational tool to enhance their knowledge.阅读Passage 2：阅读以下段落，回答问题6-10。
雅思阅读实战练习2 Academic Reading Sample Wind Power in the US
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雅思考试国外A类试卷Test 2_阅读
ACADEMIC READING PRACTICE TEST 2READING PASSAGE 1 Questions 1 - 14You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1 – 14 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.DIABETESHere are some facts that you probably didn’t know about diabetes. It is the world’s fastest growing disease. It is Australia’s 6th leading cause of death. Over 1 million Australians have it though 50% of those are as yet unaware. Every 10 minutes someone is diagnosed with diabetes. So much for the facts but what exactly is diabetes?Diabetes is the name given to a group of different conditions in which there is too much glucose in the blood. Here’s what happens: the body needs glucose as its main source of fuel or energy. The body makes glucose from foods containing carbohydrate such as vegetables containing carbohydrate (like potatoes or corn) and cereal foods (like bread, pasta and rice) as well as fruit and milk. Glucose is carried around the body in the blood and the glucose level is called glycaemia. Glycaemia (blood sugar levels) in humans and animals must be neither too high nor too low, but just right. The glucose running around in the blood stream now has to get out of the blood and into the body tissues. This is where insulin enters the story. Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas, a gland sitting just below the stomach. Insulin opens the doors that let glucose go from the blood to the body cells where energy is made. This process is called glucose metabolism. In diabetes, the pancreas either cannot make insulin or the insulin it does make is not enough and cannot work properly. Without insulin doing its job, the glucose channels are shut. Glucose builds up in the blood leading to high blood glucose levels, which causes the health problems linked to diabetes.People refer to the disease as diabetes but there are actually two distinctive types of the disease. Type 1 diabetes is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by a total lack of insulin. It occurs when the body’s immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas and destroys them. The pancreas then produces little or no insulin. Type 1 diabetes develops most often in young people but can appear in adults. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Insulin is necessary for the body to be able to use sugar. Sugar is the basic fuel for the cells in the body, and insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells.The diagnosis of diabetes often depends on what type the patient is suffering from. In Type 1 diabetes, symptoms are usually sudden and sometimes even life threatening - hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar levels) can lead to comas – and therefore it is mostly diagnosed quite quickly. In Type 2 diabetes, many people have no symptoms at all, while other signs can go unnoticed, being seen as part of ‘getting older’. Therefore, by the time symptoms are noticed, the blood glucose level for many people can be very high. Common symptoms include: being more thirsty than usual, passing more urine, feeling lethargic, always feeling hungry, having cuts that heal slowly, itching, skin infections, bad breath, blurred vision, unexplained weight change, mood swings, headaches, feeling dizzy and leg cramps.At present there is no cure for diabetes, but there is a huge amount of research looking for a cure and to provide superior management techniques and products until a cure is found. Whether it’s Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, the aim of any diabetes treatment is to get your blood glucose levels as close to the non-diabetic range as often as possible. For people with Type 1diabetes, this will mean insulin injections every day plus leading a healthy lifestyle. For people with Type 2 diabetes, healthy eating and regular physical activity may be all that is required at first: sometimes tablets and/or insulin may be needed later on. Ideally blood glucose levels are kept as close to the non-diabetic range as possible so frequent self-testing is a good idea. This will help prevent the short-term effects of very low or very high blood glucose levels as well as the possible long-term problems. If someone is dependent on insulin, it has to be injected into the body. Insulin cannot be taken as a pill. The insulin would be broken down during digestion just like the protein in food. Insulin must be injected into the fat under your skin for it to get into your blood. Diabetes can cause serious complications for patients. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause problems. Short term problems are similar to the symptoms but long term high blood sugar levels can lead to heart attacks, strokes, kidney failure, amputations and blindness. Having your blood pressure and cholesterol outside recommended ranges can also lead to problems like heart attack and stroke and in fact 2 out of 3 people with diabetes eventually die of these complications. Young adults age 18 - 44 who get type 2 diabetes are 14 times more likely to suffer a heart attack, and are up to 30 times more likely to have a stroke than their peers without diabetes. Young women account for almost all the increase in heart attack risk, while young men are twice as likely to suffer a stroke as young women. This means that huge numbers of people are going to get heart disease, heart attacks and strokes years, sometimes even decades, before they should. Questions 1 - 7Do the following statements reflect the views of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1 - 7 on your answer sheet write:YES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contradicts the statementNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage1 Carbohydrate foods are the body’s source of glucose.2 Diabetics cannot produce insulin.3 Some patients develop diabetes due to faults in their own immunesystems4 Hyperglycaemia leads to type 1 diabetes being diagnosed quite quickly.5 Artificial insulin is the most effective treatment for those patientsrequiring insulin.6 Frequent check ups at the doctor can drastically reduce the chances ofsuffering from problems related to diabetes.7 The majority of diabetics develop heart problems or suffer strokes.Questions 8 - 11Complete the following statements with the best ending from the box on the next pageWrite the appropriate letters A - H in boxes 8 - 11 on your answer sheet.8 Bizarre as it may seem, many people with diabetes…9 Insulin is a hormone that allows glucose to be absorbed by…10 Non severe type 2 diabetes can be solely treated by…11 Increases in diabetes related heart problems are mainly seen in…A a healthy lifestyle.B never suffer any ill effects.C women.D people also suffering strokes.E body cells.F the pancreas.G do not realise the fact.H injections.Questions 12 - 14According to the text which of the following are symptoms of diabetes? Choose THREE letters (A – G) and write them in boxes 12 – 14 on your answer sheet.A hot flushesB muscle painsC nauseaD losing consciousnessE tirednessF bleeding gumsG dilation of the eyesREADING PASSAGE 2 Questions 15 - 27You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15 – 27 which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Contaminating the ArcticOur perception of the Arctic region is that its distance from industrial centers keeps it pristineand clear from the impact of pollution. However, through a process known as transboundary pollution, the Arctic is the recipient of contaminants whose sources are thousands of miles away. Large quantities of pollutants pour into our atmosphere, as well as our lakes, rivers, and oceans on a daily basis. In the last 20 years, scientists have detected an increasing variety of toxic contaminants in the North, including pesticides from agriculture, chemicals and heavy metals from industry, and even radioactive fall-out from Chernobyl. These are substances that have invaded ecosystems virtually worldwide, but they are especially worrisome in the Arctic.Originally, Arctic contamination was largely blamed on chemical leaks, and these leaks were thought to be “small and localized.” The consensus now is that pollutants from around the world are being carried north by rivers, ocean currents, and atmospheric circulation. Due to extreme conditions in the Arctic, including reduced sunlight, extensive ice cover and cold temperatures, contaminants break down much more slowly than in warmer climates. Contaminants can also become highly concentrated due to their significantly lengthened life span in the Arctic. Problems of spring run-off into coastal waters during the growth period of marine life are of critical concern. Spring algae blooms easily, absorbing the concentrated contaminants released by spring melting. These algae are in turn eaten by zooplankton and a wide variety of marine life. The accumulation of these contaminants increases with each step of the food chain or web and can potentially affect northerners who eat marine mammals near the top of the food chain. Pollutants respect no borders; transboundary pollution is the movement of contaminants across political borders, whether by air, rivers, or ocean currents. The eight circumpolar nations, led by the Finnish Initiative of 1989, established the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy (AEPS) in which participants have agreed to develop an Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP). AMAP establishes an international scientific network to monitor the current condition of the Arctic with respect to specific contaminants. This monitoring program is extremely important because it will give a scientific basis for understanding the scope of the problem.In the 1950’s, pilots traveling on weather reconnaissance flights in the Canadian high Arctic reported seeing bands of haze in the springtime in the Arctic region. It was during this time that the term “Arctic haze” was first used, referring to this smog of unknown origin. But it was notuntil 1972, that Dr. Glenn Shaw of the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska first put forth ideas of the nature and long-range origin of Arctic haze. The idea that the source was long range was very difficult for many to support. Each winter, cold, dense air settles over the Arctic.In the darkness, the Arctic seems to become more and more polluted by a buildup of mid-latitude emissions from fossil fuel combustion, smelting and other industrial processes. By late winter, theArctic is covered by a layer of this haze the size of the continent of Africa. When the spring light arrives in the Arctic, there is a smog-like haze, which makes the region, at times, looks like pollution over such cities as Los Angeles.This polluted air is a well-known and well-characterized feature of the late winter Arctic environment. In the North American Arctic, episodes of brown or black snow have been traced to continental storm tracks that deliver gaseous and particulate-associated contaminants from Asian deserts and agricultural areas. It is now known that the contaminants originate largely from Europe and Asia.Arctic haze has been studied most extensively in Point Barrow, Alaska, across the Canadian Arctic and in Svalbard (Norway). Evidence from ice cores drilled from the ice sheet of Greenland indicates that these haze particles were not always present in the Arctic, but began to appear only in the last century. The Arctic haze particles appear to be similar to smog particles observed in industrial areas farther south, consisting mostly of sulfates mixed with particles of carbon. It is believed the particles are formed when gaseous sulfur dioxide produced by burning sulfur-bearing coal is irradiated by sunlight and oxidized to sulfate, a process catalyzed by trace elements in the air. These sulfate particles or droplets of sulfuric acid quickly capture the carbon particles, which are also floating in the air. Pure sulfate particles or droplets are colourless, so it is believed the darkness of the haze is caused by the mixed-in carbon particles.The impact of the haze on Arctic ecosystems, as well as the global environment, has not been adequately researched. The pollutants have only been studied in their aerosol form over the Arctic. However, little is known about what eventually happens to them. It is known that they are removed somehow. There is a good degree of likelihood that the contaminants end up in the ocean, likely into the North Atlantic, the Norwegian Sea and possibly the Bering Sea — all three very important fisheries.Currently, the major issue among researchers is to understand the impact of Arctic haze on global climate change. The contaminants absorb sunlight and, in turn, heat up the atmosphere. The global impact of this is currently unknown but the implications are quite powerful.Questions 15 - 27Read the passage about alternative farming methods in Oregon again and look at the statements below.In boxes 15 - 21 on your answer sheet write:TRUE if the statement is trueFALSE if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in theadvertisement15 Industry in the Arctic has increased over the last 20 years.16 Arctic conditions mean that the break down of pollutants is much accelerated17 Pollution absorbed by arctic algae can eventually affect humans.18 The AEPS has set up scientific stations in the Arctic to monitor pollution.19 Arctic pollution can sometimes resemble US urban pollution.20 Evidence that this smog has only occurred in the 20th Century has been found inthe ice on the polar ice cap.21 Research has shown that aerosol arctic pollutants remain the air indefinitely.Questions 22 – 27Complete the summary relating to Arctic Haze below.Choose your answers from the box below the summary and write them in boxes 22 – 27 on your answer sheet.NB There are more words than spaces, so you will not use them at all. Example Answer____________ that the origins of spring, arctic haze, Theoriesfirst seen over the ice cap...(eg) ______________________ that the origins of spring, arctic haze, first seen over the ice cap in the 1950s, came from far away were at first not (22) _______________ _______. This haze is a smog formed in the dark, arctic winter by pollution delivered to the Arctic by storms (23) ______________________ in Europe and Asia. It is known to be a recent phenomenon as proof from (24) ______________________ shows it only starting to occur in the 20th Century. The smog consists of sulphates and carbon, the latter creating the (25) ______________________ of the haze. Due to lack of research, the final destination of the pollution is unknown but it probably ends up in the (26) ______________________ and therefore into the food chain. Scientists are presently more worried about the (27) ______________________ effect it has on climate change.burning terrible ice cores valid certainoriginating sea destroying theories unknownagriculture decided bird life dissipating acceptedgases darkness air densityREADING PASSAGE 3 Questions 28 - 40You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28 – 40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.THE STORY OF COFFEEACoffee was first discovered in Eastern Africa in an area we know today as Ethiopia. A popular legend refers to a goat herder by the name of Kaldi, who observed his goats acting unusually friskily after eating berries from a bush. Curious about this phenomenon, Kaldi tried eating the berries himself. He found that these berries gave him renewed energy.BThe news of this energy laden fruit quickly moved throughout the region. Coffee berries were transported from Ethiopia to the Arabian Peninsula, and were first cultivated in what today is the country of Yemen. Coffee remained a secret in Arabia before spreading to Turkey and then to the European continent by means of Venetian trade merchants.CCoffee was first eaten as a food though later people in Arabia would make a drink out of boiling the beans for its narcotic effects and medicinal value. Coffee for a time was known as Arabian wineto Muslims who were banned from alcohol by Islam. It was not until after coffee had been eaten as a food product, a wine and a medicine that it was discovered, probably by complete accidentin Turkey, that by roasting the beans a delicious drink could be made. The roasted beans were first crushed, and then boiled in water, creating a crude version of the beverage we enjoy today. The first coffee houses were opened in Europe in the 17th Century and in 1675, the Viennese established the habit of refining the brew by filtering out the grounds, sweetening it, and adding a dash of milk.DIf you were to explore the planet for coffee, you would find about 60 species of coffee plants growing wild in Africa, Malaysia, and other regions. But only about ten of them are actually cultivated. Of these ten, two species are responsible for almost all the coffee produced in the world: Coffea Arabica and Coffea Canephora (usually known as Robusta). Because of ecological differences existing among the various coffee producing countries, both types have undergone many mutations and now exist in many sub species.EAlthough wild plants can reach 10 - 12 metres in height, the plantation one reaches a height of around four metres. This makes the harvest and flowering easier, and cultivation more economical. The flowers are white and sweet-scented like the Spanish jasmine. Flowers give way to a red, darkish berry. At first sight, the fruit is like a big cherry both in size and in colour. The berry is coated with a thin, red film (epicarp) containing a white, sugary mucilaginous flesh (mesocarp). Inside the pulp there are the seeds in the form of two beans coupled at their flat surface. Beansare in turn coated with a kind of resistant, golden yellow parchment, (called endocarp). When peeled, the real bean appears with another very thin silvery film. The bean is bluish green verging on bronze, and is at the most 11 millimetres long and 8 millimetres wide.FCoffee plants need special conditions to give a satisfactory crop. The climate needs to be hot-wet or hot temperate, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, with frequent rains and temperatures varying from 15 to 25 Degrees C. The soil should be deep, hard, permeable, well irrigated, with well-drained subsoil. The best lands are the hilly ones or from just-tilled woods. The perfect altitude is between 600 and 1200 metres, though some varieties thrive at 2000-2200 metres. Cultivation aimed at protecting the plants at every stage of growth is needed. Sowing should be in sheltered nurseries from which, after about six months, the seedlings should be moved to plantations in the rainy season where they are usually alternated with other plants to shield them from wind and excessive sunlight. Only when the plant is five years old can it be counted upon to give a regular yield. This is between 400 grams and two kilos of arabica beans for each plant, and 600 grams and two kilos for robusta beans.GHarvesting time depends on the geographic situation and it can vary greatly therefore according to the various producing countries. First the ripe beans are picked from the branches. Pickers can selectively pick approximately 250 to 300 pounds of coffee cherry a day. At the end of the day, the pickers bring their heavy burlap bags to pulping mills where the cherry coffee can be pulped (or wet milled). The pulped beans then rest, covered in pure rainwater to ferment overnight. The next day the wet beans are hand-distributed upon the drying floor to be sun dried. This drying process takes from one to two weeks depending on the amount of sunny days available. To make sure they dry evenly, the beans need to be raked many times during this drying time. Two weeks later the sun dried beans, now called parchment, are scooped up, bagged and taken to be milled. Huge milling machines then remove the parchment and silver skin, which renders a green bean suitable for roasting. The green beans are roasted according to the customers’ specifications and, after cooling, the beans are then packaged and mailed to customers.Source: Sovrana Trading (Lavazza Coffee)Questions 28 - 33The reading passage on The Story of Coffee has 7 paragraphs A – G.From the list of headings below choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B – G.Write the appropriate number (i – xi) in boxes 28 – 33 on your answer sheet. NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.i Growing Coffeeii Problems with Manufactureiii Processing the Beaniv First Contactv Arabian Coffeevi Coffee Varietiesvii Modern Coffeeviii The Spread of Coffeeix Consuming Coffeex Climates for Coffeexi The Coffee PlantExample AnswerParagraph A iv28 Paragraph B29 Paragraph C30Paragraph D 31Paragraph E 32Paragraph F 33 Paragraph GQuestions 34 - 36Complete the labels on the diagram of a coffee bean below.Choose your answers from the text and write them in boxes 34 - 36 on your answersheet.Questions 37 – 40Using the information in the passage, complete the flow chart below. Write your answers in boxes 37 – 40 on your answer sheet.Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.The Coffee Production Process。
剑桥雅思真题14-阅读Test 2(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题14-阅读Test 2（附答案）READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Alexander Henderson (1831-1913)Born in Scotland, Henderson emigrated to Canada in 1855, and became a well-known landscapephotographerAlexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful merchant. His grandfather, also called Alexander, had founded the family business, and later became the first chairman of the National Bank of Scotland. The family had extensive landholdings in Scotland. Besides its residence in Edinburgh, it owned Press Estate, 650 acres of farmland about 35 miles southeast of the city. The family often stayed at Press Castle, the large mansion on the northern edge of the property, and Alexander spent much of his childhood in the area, playing on the beach near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams nearby.Even after he went to school at Murcheston Academy on the outskirts of Edinburgh, Henderson returned to Press at weekends. In 1849 he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it to please his family. In October 1855, however, he emigrated to Canada with his wife Agnes Elder Robertson and they settled in Montreal.Henderson learned photography in Montreal around the year 1857 and quickly took it up as a serious amateur. He became a personal friend and colleague of the Scottish-Canadian photographer William Notman. The two men made a photographic excursion to Niagara Falls in 1860 and they cooperated on experiments with magnesium flares as a source of artificial light in 1865. They belonged to the same societies and were among the founding members of the Art Association of Montreal. Henderson acted as chairman of the association's first meeting, which was held in Notman's studio on 11 January 1860.In spite of their friendship, their styles of photography were quite different. While Notman's landscapes were noted for their bold realism, Henderson for the first 20 years of his career produced romantic images, showing the strong influence of the British landscape tradition. His artistic and technical progress was rapid and in 1865 he published his first major collection of landscape photographs. The publication had limited circulation (only seven copies have ever been found), and was called Canadian Views and Studies. The contents of each copy vary significantly and have proved a useful source for evaluating Henderson's early work.1 This text is taken, for the most part, verbatim from the Dictionary of Canadian Biography's biography, Volume XIV (1911-1920). For design purposes, quotation marks have been omitted. Source: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/henderson_alexander_1831_1913_14E.html. Reproduced with permission.In 1866, he gave up his business to open a photographic studio, advertising himself as a portrait and landscape photographer. From about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography and other views. His numerous photographs of city life revealed in street scenes, houses, and markets are alive with human activity, and although his favourite subject was landscape he usually composed his scenes around such human pursuits as farming the land, cutting ice on a river, or sailing down a woodland stream. There was sufficient demand for thesetypes of scenes and others he took depicting the lumber trade, steamboats and waterfalls to enable him to make a living. There was little competing hobby or amateur photography before the late 1880s because of the time-consuming techniques involved and the weight of the equipment. People wanted to buy photographs as souvenirs of a trip or as gifts, and catering to this market, Henderson had stock photographs on display at his studio for mounting, framing, or inclusion in albums.Henderson frequently exhibited his photographs in Montreal and abroad, in London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, New York, and Philadelphia. He met with greater success in 1877 and 1878 in New York when he won first prizes in the exhibition held by E and H T Anthony and Company for landscapes using the Lambertype process. In 1878 his work won second prize at the world exhibition in Paris.In the 1870s and 1880s Henderson travelled widely throughout Quebec and Ontario, in Canada, documenting the major cities oft he two provinces and many of the villages in Quebec. He was especially fond of the wilderness and often travelled by canoe on the Blanche, du Lièvre, and other noted eastern rivers. He went on several occasions to the Maritimes and in 1872 he sailed by yacht along the lower north shore of the St Lawrence River. That same year, while in the lower St Lawrence River region, he took some photographs of the construction of the Intercolonial Railway. This undertaking led in 1875 to a commission from the railway to record the principal structures along the almost-completed line connecting Montreal to Halifax. Commissions from other railways followed. In 1876 he photographed bridges on the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railway between Montreal and Ottawa. In 1885 he went west along the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) as far as Rogers Pass in British Columbia, where he took photographs of the mountains and the progress of construction.In 1892 Henderson accepted a full-time position with the CPR as manager of a photographic department which he was to set up and administer. His duties included spending four months in the field each year. That summer he made his second trip west, photographing extensively along the railway line as far as Victoria. He continued in this post until 1897, when he retired completely from photography.When Henderson died in 1913, his huge collection of glass negatives was stored in the basement of his house. Today collections of his work are held at the National Archives of Canada, Ottawa, and the McCord Museum of Canadian History, Montreal.1 This text is taken, for the most part, verbatim from the Dictionary of Canadian Biography's biography, Volume XIV (1911-1920). For design purposes, quotation marks have been omitted. Source: http://www.blographi.ca/en/bio/henderson_alexander_1831_1913_14E.html. Reproduced with permission.Questions 1-8Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 Henderson rarely visited the area around Press estate when he was younger.2 Henderson pursued a business career because it was what his family wanted.3 Henderson and Notman were surprised by the results of their 1865 experiment.4 There were many similarities between Henderson's early landscapes and those of Notman.5 The studio that Henderson opened in 1866 was close to his home.6 Henderson gave up portraiture so that he could focus on taking photographs of scenery.7 When Henderson began work for the Intercolonial Railway, the Montreal to Halifax linehad been finished.8 Henderson's last work as a photographer was with the Canadian Pacific Railway. Questions 9-13Complete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Back to the future of skyscraper designAnswers to the problem of excessive electricity use by skyscrapers and large public buildings can be found in ingenious but forgotten architectural designs of the 19th and early-20th centuriesA The Recovery of Natural Environments in Architecture by Professor Alan Short is the culmination of 30 years of research and award-winning green building design by Short and colleagues in Architecture, Engineering, Applied Maths and Earth Sciences at the University of Cambridge.'The crisis in building design is already here.' said Short. 'Policy makers think you can solve Energy and building problems with gadgets. You can't. As global temperatures continue to rise, we are going to continue to squander more and more energy on keeping our buildings mechanically cool until we have run out of capacity.'B Short is calling for a sweeping reinvention of how skyscrapers and major public buildings are designed -to end the reliance on sealed buildings which exist solely via the 'life support' system of vast air conditioning units.Instead, he shows it is entirely possible to accommodate natural ventilation and cooling in large buildings by looking into the past, before the widespread introduction of air conditioningsystems, which were 'relentlessly and aggressively marketed' by their inventors.C Short points out that to make most contemporary buildings habitable, they have to be sealed and air conditioned. The energy use and carbon emissions this generates is spectacular and largely unnecessary. Buildings in the West account for 40-50% of electricity usage, generating substantial carbon emissions, and the rest of the world is catching up at a frightening rate. Short regards glass, steel and air-conditioned skyscrapers as symbols of status, rather than practical ways of meeting our requirements.D Short's book highlights a developing and sophisticated art and science of ventilating buildings through the 19th and earlier-20th centuries, including the design of ingeniously ventilated hospitals. Of particular interest were those built to the designs of John Shaw Billings, including the first Johns Hopkins Hospital in the US city of Baltimore (1873-1889).'We spent three years digitally modelling Billings' final designs,' says Short. 'We put pathogens* in the airstreams, modelled for someone with tuberculosis (TB) coughing in the wards and we found the ventilation systems in the room would have kept other patients safe from harm.E'We discovered that 19th-century hospital wards could generate up to 24 air changes an hour - that's similar to the performance of a modern-day, computer-controlled operating theatre. We believe you could build wards based on these principles now.Single rooms are not appropriate for all patients. Communal wards appropriate for certain patients - older people with dementia, for example - would work just as well in today's hospitals, at a fraction of the energy cost.'Professor Short contends the mindset and skill-sets behind these designs have been completely lost, lamenting the disappearance of expertly designed theatres, opera houses, and other buildings where up to half the volume of the building was given over to ensuring everyone got fresh air.F Much of the ingenuity present in 19th-century hospital and building design was driven by a panicked public clamouring for buildings that could protect against what was thought to be the lethal threat of miasmas -toxic air that spread disease. Miasmas were feared as the principal agents of disease and epidemics for centuries, and were used to explain the spread of infection from the Middle Ages right through to the cholera outbreaks in London and Paris during the 1850s. Foul air, rather than germs, was believed to be the main driver of 'hospital fever', leading to disease and frequent death. The prosperous steered clear of hospitals.While miasma theory has been long since disproved, Short has for the last 30 years advocated a return to some of the building design principles produced in its wake.G Today, huge amounts of a building's space and construction cost are given over to air conditioning. 'But I have designed and built a series of buildings over the past three decades which have tried to reinvent some of these ideas and then measure what happens.'To go forward into our new low-energy, low-carbon future, we would be well advised to look back at design before our high-energy, high-carbon present appeared. What is surprising is what a rich legacy we have abandoned.'H Successful examples of Short's approach include the Queen's Building at De Montfort University in Leicester. Containing as many as 2,000 staff and students, the entire building is naturally ventilated, passively cooled and naturally lit, including the two largest auditoria, each seating more than 150 people. The award-winning building uses a fraction of the electricity of comparable buildings in the UK.Short contends that glass skyscrapers in London and around the world will become a liability over the next 20 or 30 years if climate modelling predictions and energy price rises come to pass as expected.I He is convinced that sufficiently cooled skyscrapers using the natural environment can be produced in almost any climate. He and his team have worked on hybrid buildings in the harsh climates of Beijing and Chicago -built with natural ventilation assisted by back-up air conditioning - which, surprisingly perhaps, can be switched off more than half the time on milder days and during the spring and autumn.Short looks at how we might reimagine the cities, offices and homes of the future. Maybe it's time we changed our outlook.* pathogens: microorganisms that can cause diseaseQuestions 14-18Reading Passage 2 has nine sections, A-I.Which section contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.14 why some people avoided hospitals in the 19th century15 a suggestion that the popularity of tall buildings is linked to prestige16 a comparison between the circulation of air in a 19th-century building and modernstandards17 how Short tested the circulation of air in a 19th-century building18 an implication that advertising led to the large increase in the use of air conditioning Questions 19-26Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 19-26 on your answer sheet.Ventilation in 19th-century hospital wardsProfessor Alan Short examined the work of John Shaw Billings, who influenced the architectural 19 ________ of hospitals to ensure they had good ventilation. He calculated that 20 ________ in the air coming from patients suffering from 21 ________ would not have harmed other patients. He also found that the air in 22 ________ in hospitals could change as often as in a modern operating theatre. He suggests that energy use could be reduced by locating more patients in 23 ________ areas.A major reason for improving ventilation in 19th-century hospitals was the demand from the24 ________ for protection against bad air, known as 25 ________ . These were blamed for the spread of disease for hundreds of years, including epidemics of 26 ________ in London and Paris in the middle of the 19th century.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Questions 27-34Reading Passage 3 has eight sections, A-H.Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 27-34 on your answer sheet.28 Section B29 Section C30 Section D31 Section E32 Section F33 Section G34 Section HWhy companies should welcome disorderA Organisation is big business. Whether it is of our lives - all those inboxes and calendars -or how companies are structured, a multi-billion dollar industry helps to meet this need.We have more strategies for time management, project management and self-organisation than at any other time in human history. We are told that we ought to organise our company, our home life, our week, our day and even our sleep, all as a means to becoming more productive. Every week, countless seminars and workshops take place around the world to tell a paying public that they ought to structure their lives in order to achieve this.This rhetoric has also crept into the thinking of business leaders and entrepreneurs, much to the delight of self-proclaimed perfectionists with the need to get everything right. The number of business schools and graduates has massively, increased over the past 50 years, essentially teaching people how to organise well.B Ironically, however, the number of businesses that fail has also steadily increased. Work-related stress has increased. A large proportion of workers from all demographics claim to be dissatisfied with the way their work is structured and the way they are managed.This begs the question: what has gone wrong? Why is it that on paper the drive for organisation seems a sure shot for increasing productivity, but in reality falls well short of what is expected?C This has been a problem for a while now. Frederick Taylor was one of the forefathers of scientific management. Writing in the first half of the 20th century, he designed a number of principles to improve the efficiency of the work process, which have since become widespread in modern companies. So the approach has been around for a while.D New research suggests that this obsession with efficiency is misguided. The problem is not necessarily the management theories or strategies we use to organise our work; it's the basic assumptions we hold in approaching how we work. Here it's the assumption that order is a necessary condition for productivity. This assumption has also fostered the idea that disorder must be detrimental to organisational productivity. The result is that businesses and people spend timeand money organising themselves for the sake of organising, rather than actually looking at the end goal and usefulness of such an effort.E What's more, recent studies show that order actually has diminishing returns. Order does increase productivity to a certain extent, but eventually the usefulness of the process of organisation, and the benefit it yields, reduce until the point where any further increase in order reduces productivity. Some argue that in a business, if the cost of formally structuring something outweighs the benefit of doing it, then that thing ought not to be formally structured. Instead, the resources involved can be better used elsewhere.F In fact, research shows that, when innovating, the best approach is to create an environment devoid of structure and hierarchy and enable everyone involved to engage as one organic group. These environments can lead to new solutions that, under conventionally structured environments (filled with bottlenecks in terms of information flow, power structures, rules, and routines) would never be reached.G In recent times companies have slowly started to embrace this disorganisation. Many of them embrace it in terms of perception (embracing the idea of disorder, as opposed to fearing it) and in terms of process (putting mechanisms in place to reduce structure).For example, Oticon, a large Danish manufacturer of hearing aids, used what it called a 'spaghetti' structure in order to reduce the organisation's rigid hierarchies. This involved scrapping formal job titles and giving staff huge amounts of ownership over their own time and projects. This approach proved to be highly successful initially, with clear improvement in worker productivity in all facets of the business.In similar fashion, the former chairman of General Electric embraced disorganisation, putting forward the idea of the 'boundaryless' organisation. Again, it involves breaking down the barriers between different parts of a company and encouraging virtual collaboration and flexible working. Google and a number of other tech companies have embraced (at least in part) these kinds of flexible structures, facilitated by technology and strong company values which glue people together.H A word of warning to others thinking of jumping on this bandwagon: the evidence so far suggests disorder, much like order, also seems to have diminishing utility, and can also have detrimental effects on performance if overused. Like order, disorder should be embraced only so far as it is useful. But we should not fear it - nor venerate one over the other. This research also shows that we should continually question whether or not our existing assumptions work. Questions 35-37Complete the sentences below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 35-37 on your answer sheet.35 Numerous training sessions are aimed at people who feel they are not ________ enough.36 Being organised appeals to people who regard themselves as ________37 Many people feel ________ with aspects of their work.Questions 38-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this38 Both businesses and people aim at order without really considering its value.39 Innovation is most successful if the people involved have distinct roles.40 Google was inspired to adopt flexibility by the success of General Electric.参考答案1 FALSE2 TRUE3 NOT GIVEN4 FALSE5 NOT GIVEN6 TRUE7 FALSE8 TRUE9 merchant10 equipment11 gifts12 canoe13 mountains14 F15 C16 E17 D18 B19 design(s)20 pathogens21 tuberculosis22 wards23 communal24 public25 miasmas26 cholera27 vi28 i29 iii30 ii31 ix32 vii33 iv34 viii35 productive36 perfectionists37 dissatisfied38 TRUE39 FALSE40 NOT GIVEN。
雅思阅读(综合)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
雅思阅读（综合）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ModuleReading Module (60 minutes)Match each statement with the correct organisation, A-G.List of OrganisationsA Exploration ArchitectureB DESERTECC ABB Power TechnologiesD Aerospace CentreE AbengoaF The European ParliamentG e-Parliament1．They have set a time for achieving an objective.正确答案：F解析：Although the European Parliament has passed a law that aids investors who help the continent reach its goal of... (F段最后一句)2．They have a number of renewable energy projects under construction.正确答案：E解析：Seville engineering company Abengoa is building one solar-thermal plant in Algeria and another in Morocco, while a third is being built in Egypt by a Spanish-Japanese joint venture. (F段第二句)3．They believe that successful small-scale projects will demonstrate that larger projects are possible.正确答案：G解析：... NGO e-Parliament, thinks companies should begin transmitting small amounts of solar power as soon as the North African plants begin operating, by linking... (G段首句)4．They are already experimenting with solar-energy installations in other parts of the world.正确答案：A解析：says Michael Pawlyn, director of Exploration Architecture, ... which is testing solar plants in Oman and the United Arab Emirates. (B段倒数第二句)The History of the GuitarThe word ‘guitar’was brought into English as an adaptation of the Spanish word ‘guitarra,’ which was, in turn, derived from the Greek ‘kithara.’ Tracing the roots of the word further back into linguistic history, it seems to have been a combination of the Indo-European stem ‘guit-,’ meaning music, and theroot ‘-tar,’ meaning chord or string. The root ‘-tar’ is actually common to a number of languages, and can also be found in the word ‘sitar,’also a stringed musical instrument. Although the spelling and pronunciation differs between languages, these key elements are present in most words for ‘guitar’throughout history.While the guitar may have gained the bulk of its popularity as a musical instrument during the modern era, guitar-like instruments have been in existence in numerous cultures throughout the world for more than five thousand years. The earliest instruments that the modern eye and ear would recognize as a ‘normal’ acoustic guitar date from about five hundred years ago, in the late Medieval or early Renaissance periods. Prior to this time, stringed instruments were in use throughout the world, but these early instruments are known primarily from visual depictions, not from the continued existence of music written for them. The majority of these depictions show simple stringed instruments, often lacking some of the parts that define a modern guitar. A number of these instruments have more in common with the lute than the guitar.There is some uncertainty about the exact date of the earliest six-string guitar. The oldest one still in existence, which was made by Gaetano Vinaccia, is dated 1779. However, the authenticity of six string guitars alleged to have been made prior to 1790 is often suspect, as many fakes have been discovered dating to this era. The early nineteenth century is generally accepted as the time period during which six string guitars began taking on their modem shape and dimensions. Thus for nearly two hundred years, luthiers, or guitar makers, have been producing versions of the modem acoustic guitar.The first electric guitar was not developed until the early twentieth century. George Beauchamp received the first patent for an electric guitar in 1936, and Beauchamp went on to co-found Rickenbacker, originally known as the Electro String Instrument Company, with Adolph Rickenbacher. The spelling of the company name differs from Rickenbacher’s given surname to distance himself from his German ancestry, which was seen as suspect during the world wars. Although Rickenbacker began producing electric guitars in the late 1930s, this brand received most of its fame in the 1960s, when John Lennon used a Rickenbacker guitar for the Beatles debut performance on the Ed Sullivan show in 1964. George Harrison later bought a Rickenbacker guitar of his own, and the company later gave him one of their earliest twelve string electric guitars. Paul McCartney also used a Rickenbacker bass guitar for recording. The Beatles continued to use Rickenbacker guitars throughout their career, and made the instruments highly popular among other musicians of the era.The Fender Musical Instruments Company and the Gibson Guitar Corporation were two other early electric guitar pioneers, both developing models in the early 1950s. Fender began with the Telecaster in 1950 and 1951, and the Fender Stratocaster debuted in 1954. Gibson began selling the Gibson Les Paul, based partially on assistance from jazz musician and guitar innovator Les Paul, in 1952. The majority of present day solid-body electric guitars are still based largely on these three early electric guitar designs.Throughout the history of the guitar and related stringed instruments, an enormous number of individuals have made their mark on the way in which guitars were built, played, and perceived. Though some of these individuals are particularly well known, like the Beatles or Les Paul, the majority of these people arevirtually invisible to most modern guitar fans. By looking at the entire history of the guitar, rather than just recent developments, largely confined to electric guitars, it is possible to see more of the contributions of earlier generations.Questions 1-7Complete the sentences.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.5．Despite differences in______, ‘guit-’ and ‘-tar’ appear in the word for ‘guitar’in many languages.正确答案：spelling and pronunciation解析：Although the spelling and pronunciation differs between languages, these key elements are present in most words for ‘guitar’ throughout history. (第一段末句)6．Instruments that we would call acoustic guitars have been made and played for approximately正确答案：five hundred years解析：The earliest instruments that the modern eye and ear would recognize as a ‘normal’ acoustic guitar date from about five hundred years ago. (第二段第二句) 7．No one knows the______ when the first six-string guitar was made.正确答案：exact date解析：There is some uncertainty about the exact date of the earliest six-string guitar. (第三段首句)8．The______ of acoustic guitars have not changed much in 200 years.正确答案：shape and dimensions解析：The early nineteenth century... as the time period during which six string guitars began taking on their modern shape and dimensions. Thus for nearly two hundred years, luthiers,... have been producing versions of the modern acoustic guitar. (第三段最后两句)9．A______ for an electric guitar was issued in the mid-1930s.正确答案：patent解析：...George Beauchamp received the first patent for an electric guitar in 1936,... (第四段第二句)10．Les Paul, the well-known______ guitarist, was involved in the development of the electric guitar.正确答案：jazz解析：... based partially on assistance from .jazz musician and guitar innovator Les Paul, in 1952.(第五段第三句)11．Most______ of the guitar know little about its rich history.正确答案：fans解析：... the majority of these people are virtually invisible to most modern guitar fans. (末段第二句)Complete the summary.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Instruments similar to the guitar have been played by musicians for over【R8】______ years. What we know about many of these instruments comes from【R9】______ rather than actual physical examples or music played on them. In some ways, these early stringed instrument were closer to【R10】______than the guitar as we know it today. We do have examples of six-string guitars that are 200 years old. However, the【R11】______ of six-string guitars made by guitar makers (who are also known as【R12】______) before the final decade of the eighteenth century is often open to question.Although the electric guitar was invented in the 1930s, it took several decades for electric guitars to develop, with the company Rickenbacker playing a major part in this development. Most【R13】______electric guitars in use today are similar in design to guitars produced by the Fender Musical Instruments Company and the Gibson Guitar Corporation in the 1950s.12．【R8】正确答案：five thousand解析：... guitar-like instruments have been in existence... for more than five thousand years. (第二段首句)13．【R9】正确答案：visual depictions解析：... but these early instruments are known primarily from visual depictions, not from the continued existence of music written for them. (第二段第三句)14．【R10】正确答案：lute解析：A number of these instruments have more in common with the lute than the guitar. (第二段末句)15．【R11】正确答案：authenticity解析：However, the authenticity of six string guitars alleged to have been made prior to 1790 is often suspect,... (第三段第三句)16．【R12】正确答案：luthiers解析：Thus for nearly two hundred years, luthiers, or guitar makers, have been producing versions of the modern acoustic guitar. (第三段末句)17．【R13】正确答案：solid-body解析：The majority of present day solid-body electric guitars are still based largely on these three early electric guitar designs. (第五段末句)。
雅思阅读真题V2
第一篇（判断、选择）是说几个人研究蝴蝶，比较难。
前几题是T/F/NG，后面是给段意让你选段落，段落大概是十来个，段意只有5，6个，不太好做。
最后好象还有两道选择。
我一共花了25分钟还做的不理想passage1.三个科学家研究热带雨林蝴蝶。
T/F/NG有六题。
各位考过的朋友都分别有几个T几个F呢？然后是配对题个5、6，要求对应文中段落填对应段落号。
接下来三个填空。
征集各位答案！第二篇（选择、配对）是说古钱币的，非常简单。
前面几个选择加上后面7，8个MATCHING，我只有一个来不及找了（怕最后一篇时间不够：（）如果再碰到强烈建议先做，搞定十几题心里就有底了啊：）passage2.关于各国各种古怪的钱币。
四五个选择。
第一个是问什么钱币通用于19世纪，我在B和D中犹豫，一个是silver coin一个是silver clot吧最后还是选了前者。
然后是8、9个配对题，钱币和其性质的配对。
第三篇（判断、简答一个词、选择）是美国人关于运动员如何提高运动成绩的研究，不难。
但我只有十五六分钟了，大家知道最后五分钟心理紧张，一般是起不了什么作用的。
先是5，6个T/F/NG，然后是四个填空（容易），最后是三四道选择。
我因为时间不够，最后做的T/F/NG只好全选F了，呜呜~~~S3 （28-40）体育运动performance提高 5个TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVE 4 conclusions 3 choice1．对体育成绩有记录开始于ABOUT 1900，我犹豫半天选对，原句：有记录于EARLY IN 19世纪，1904年的奥林匹克百米成绩是…马拉松是2：55分，而1999年新的记录是2：05，提高了30% 第一段完毕2．遗传可以FULLY完全解释为什么有些人成绩好，F，原文：遗传是最重要的原因，但也就能占1/3，没一个人能给出完全的合理的解释，TRAINING弄好了比1/3还强3.好基因的父母他们自己一定是很出色的运动员 NOT GIVEN，原文：你要是想当好运动员，你一定好好挑选父母。
雅思阅读UNIT2课后答案
篇一：雅思阅读unit2课后答案answer keys:1. 答案：a (第3段第1句：corot, short for convection rotation and planetary transits, is the first instrument capable of finding small rocky planets beyond the solar system. a项中的certain planets指small rocky planets beyond the solar system.)2. 答案：true (第5段第1、2句： at the present moment we are hoping to find out more about the nature of planets around stars which are potential habitats. we are looking at habitable planets, not inhabited planets. 问题中的“that can be inhabited”意思就是inhabitable.)3. 答案：not given (文中没有提及该信息。
)4. 答案：true (第7段第1句：to search for planets, the telescope will look for the dimming of starlight caused when an object passes in front of a star, known as a "transit".)5. 答案：fasle (第7段第2、3句：although it will take more sophisticated space telescopes planned in the next 10 years to confirm the presence of an earth-like planet with oxygen and liquid water, corot will let scientists know where to point their lenses. )6. 答案：rocky planets (第8段第2句：it is the rocky planets - that could be no bigger than about twice the size of the earth - which will cause the most excitement.)7. 答案：40 (第8段第3句：scientists expect to find between 10 and 40 of these smaller planets.问题中短语“up to”的意思是“达到，高达”，所以应该选择最高的数字40。
雅思(阅读)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
雅思（阅读）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ModuleReading Module (60 minutes)READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Tackling Obesity in the Western World A Obesity is a huge problem in many Western countries and one which nowattracts considerable medical interest as researchers take up the challenge to find a ‘cure’ for the common condition of being seriously overweight．However, rather than take responsibility for their weight，obese people have often sought solace in the excuse that they have a slow metabolism，a genetic hiccup which sentences more than half the Australian population(63% of men and 47% of women)to a life of battling with their weight．The argument goes like this: it doesn’t matter how little they eat，they gain weight because their bodies break down food and turn it into energy more slowly than those with a so-called normal metabolic rate B ‘This is nonsense,’says Dr Susan Jebb from the Dunn Nutrition Unit at Cambridge in England．Despite the persistence of this metabolism myth, science has known for several years that the exact opposite is in fact true．Fat people have faster metabolisms than thin people. ‘What is very clear, ‘says Dr Jebb,’is that overweight people actually burn off more energy．They have more cells，bigger hearts，bigger lungs and they all need more energy just to keep going.’ C It took only one night，spent in a sealed room at the Dunn Unit to disabuse one of their patients of the beliefs of a lifetime: her metabolism was fast，not slow．By sealing the room and measuring the exact amount of oxygen she used, researchers were able to show her that her metabolism was not the culprit．It wasn’t the answer she expected and probably not the one she wanted but she took the news philosophically． D Although the metabolism myth has been completely disproved，science has far from discounted our genes as responsible for making us whatever weight we are, fat or thin. One of the world’s leadinq obesity researchers, geneticist Professor Stephen O’Rahilly, goes so far as to say we are on the threshold of a complete change in the way we view not only morbid obesity, but also everyday overweight. Prof. O’Rahilly’s groundbreaking work in Cambridge has proven that obesity can be caused by our genes. ‘These people are not weak willed, slothful or lazy, ‘says Prof. O ‘Rahilly, ‘They have a medical condition due to a genetic defect and that causes them to be obese.’ E In Australia，the University of Sydney’s Professor lan Caterson says while major genetic defects may be rare，many people probably have minor genetic variations that combine to dictate weight and are responsible for things such as how much we eat，the amount of exercise we do and the amount of energy we need．When you add up all these little variations, the result is that some people are genetically predisposed to putting on weight．He says while the fast/slow metabolism debate may have been settled．that doesn’t mean some other subtle change in themetabolism gene won’t be found in overweight people．He is confident that science will，eventually, be able to ‘cure’ some forms of obesity but the only effective way for the vast majority of overweight and obese people to lose weight is a change of diet and an increase in exercise． F Despite the $500 million a year Australians spend trying to lose weight and the $830 million it costs the community in health care．Obesity is at epidemic proportions here, as it is in all Western nations．Until recently, research and treatment for obesity had concentrated or behaviour modification，drugs to decrease appetite and surgery．How the drugs worked was often not understood and many caused severe side effects and even death in some patients．Surgery for obesity has also claimed many lives．G It has lonq been known that a part of the brain called the hypothalamus is responsible for regulating hunger, among other things．But it wasn’t until 1994 that Professor Jeffery Friedman from Rockerfeller University in the US sent science in a new direction by studying an obese mouse．Prof．Friedman found that unlike its thin brothers，the fat mouse did not produce a hitherto unknown hormone called leptin．Manufactured by the fat cells，leptin acts as a messenger, sending signals to the hypothalamus to turn off the appetite．Previously, the fat cells were thought to be responsible simply for storing fat．Prof．Friedman gave the fat mouse leptin and it lost 30% of its body weight in two weeks．H On the other side of the Atlantic．Prof．O’Rahilly read about this research with great excitement．For many months two blood samples had lain in the bottom of his freezer, taken from two extremely obese young cousins．He hired a doctor to develop a test for leptin in human blood，which eventually resulted in the discovery that neither of the children’s blood contained the hormone．When one cousin was given leptin．she lost a stone in weight and Prof．O’RahiIly made medical history．Here was the first proof that a genetic defect could cause obesity in humans．But leptin deficiency turned out to be an extremely rare condition and there is a lot more research to be done before the ‘magic’ cu re for obesity is ever found．Questions 1-8Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs A-H.From the list of headings below choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph.Write the appropriate numbers (i-xi) in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet. List of headingsⅠ——Obesity in animalsⅡ——Hidden dangersⅢ——Proof of the truthⅣ——New perspective on the horizonⅤ——No known treatmentⅥ——Rodent research leads the wayⅦ——Expert explains energy requirements of obese peopleⅧ——A very uncommon complaintⅨ——Nature or nurtureⅩ——Shifting the blame Ⅺ——Lifestyle change required despite new findings1．Paragraph A正确答案：Ⅹ解析：However, rather than take responsibility for their weight, obesepeople have often sought solace in the excuse that they have a slow metabolism ...*2．Paragraph B正确答案：Ⅶ解析：Dr. Jebb explains that overweight people actually burn off more energy.*3．Paragraph C正确答案：Ⅲ解析：... researchers were able to show.., that her metabolism was not the culprit ...*4．Paragraph D正确答案：Ⅳ解析：... Professor Stephen O’Rahilly, goes so far as to say we are on the threshold of a complete change in the way we view not only morbid obesity, but also everyday overweight.*5．Paragraph E正确答案：Ⅺ解析：Professor lan Caterson is confident that science will, eventually, be able to ‘cure’ some forms of obesity but the only effective way.., to lose weight is a change of diet and an increase in exercise.*6．Paragraph F正确答案：Ⅱ解析：This paragraph spells out the dangers of using drugs or resorting to surgery.*7．Paragraph G正确答案：Ⅵ解析：Research being done on an overweight mouse is significant.*8．Paragraph H正确答案：Ⅷ解析：... leptin deficiency turned out to be an extremely rare condition ...Questions 9-13Complete the summary of Reading Passage 1 (Questions 9-13) using words from the box at the bottom of the page.Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet. OBESITYThey do this by seeking to blame their 【9】for the fact that they are overweight and erroneously believe that they use 【10】energy than thin people to stay alive. However, recent research has shown that a 【11】problem can be responsible for obesity as some people seem programmed to 【12】more than others. The new research points to a shift from trying to change people’s 【13】to seeking an answer to the problem in the laboratory. List of wordsweight exercise sleep mind bodiesexercise metabolism more genetic lessphysical consume behaviour use mental9．【9】正确答案：metabolism解析：Para A: obese people have often sought solace in the excuse that they have a slow metabolism*10．【10】正确答案：less解析：Para A: it doesn’t matter how little they eat, they gain weight because their bodies break down food and turn it into energy more slowly than those with a so-called normal metabolic rate. Ref paragraph C also.*11．【11】正确答案：genetic解析：Para D: Prof. O’Rahil/y’s groundbreaking work in Cambridge has proven that obesity can be caused by our genes.*12．【12】正确答案：consume解析：Para E: explains that they need to eat i.e. consume more than others.*13．【13】正确答案：behaviour解析：Para F: Until recently, research and treatment for obesity had concentrated on behaviour modification ...READING PASSAGE 2 You should about 20 minutes on Questions 14-17 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Wheel of Fortune Emma Duncan discusses the potentiaI effects on the entertainment industry of the digital revolution A Since moving pictures were invented a century ago，a new way of distributing entertainment to consumers has emerged about once every generation．Each such innovation has changed the industry irreversibly；each has been accompanied by a period of fear mixed with exhilaration．The arrival of digital technology, which translates music．pictures and text into the zeros and ones of computer language，marks one of those periods． B This may sound familiar, because the digital revolution，and the explosion of choice that would go with it, has been heralded for some time．In 1992，John Malone，chief executive of TCI，an American cable giant．welcomed the ‘500-channel universe’．Digital television was about to deliver everything except pizzas to people’s living rooms．When the entertainment companies tried out the technology, it worked fine-but not at a price that people were prepared to pay． C Those 500 channels eventually arrived but via the Internet and the PC rather than through television．The digital revolution was startinq to affect the entertainment business in unexpected ways．Eventually it will chanqe every aspect of it，from the way cartoons are made to the way films are screened to the way people buy music．That much is clear．What nobody is sure of is how it will affect the economics of the business． D New technologies always contain within them both threats and opportunities．They have the potential both to make the companies in the business a great deal richer, and to sweep them away．Old companies always fear new technology．Hollywood was hostile to television，television terrified by the VCR．Go back far enough，points out Hal Varian．an economist at the University of California at Berkeley, and you find publishers complaining that’ circulating libraries’ would cannibalise their sales．Yet whenever a new technology has come in，it has made more money for existing entertainment companies. The proliferation of the means of distribution results，gratifyingly, in the proliferation of dollars，pounds，pesetas and the rest to pay for it. E All the same，there is something in the old companies’ fears．New technologies may not threaten their lives．but they usually change their role．Once television became widespread，film and radio stopped being the staple form of entertainment．Cable television has undermined the power of the broadcasters．And as power has shifted the movie studios，the radio companies and the television broadcasters have been swallowed up．These days，the grand old names of entertainment have more resonance than power．Paramount is part of Viacom，a cable company; Universal，part of Seagram, a drinks-and-entertainment company; MGM，once the roarinq lion of Hollywood，has been reduced to a whisper because it is not Dart of one of the giants．And RCA，once the most important broadcasting company in the world，is now a recording label belonging to Bertelsmann，a large German entertainment company． F Part of the reason why incumbents got pushed aside was thatthey did not see what was coming．But they also faced a tighter regulatory environment than the present one．In America，laws preventing television broadcasters from owning programme companies were repealed earlier this decade，allowing the creation of vertically integrated businesses．Greater freedom，combined with a sense of history, prompted the smarter companies in the entertainment business to re-invent themselves．They saw what happened to those of their predecessors who were stuck with one form of distribution．So，these days，the powers in the entertainment business are no longer movie studios，or television broadcasters，or publishers；all those businesses have become part of bigger businesses still，companies that can both create content and distribute it in a range of different ways．G Out of all this．seven huge entertainment companies have emerged- Time Warner, Walt Disney, Bertelsmann，Viacom，News Corp，Seagram and Sony．They cover pretty well every bit of the entertainment business except pornography．Three are American，one is Australian，one Canadian，one German and one Japanese．’What you are seeing,’says Christopher Dixon, managing director of media research at PaineWebber a stockbroker, ‘is the creation of a global oligopoly．It happened to the oil and automotive businesses earlier this century；now It is happening to the entertainment business．’It remains to be seen whether the latest technology will weaken those great companies，or make them stronger than ever．Questions 14-21Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs A-G.Which paragraph mentions the following (Questions 14-21)?Write the appropriate letters (A-G) in boxes 14-21 on your answer sheet.NB: Some of the paragraphs will be used more than once.14．the contrasting effects that new technology can have on existing business.正确答案：D解析：They have the potential both to make the companies in the business a great deal richer, and to sweep them away.*15．the fact that a total transformation is going to take place in the future in the delivery of all forms of entertainment.正确答案：C解析：Eventually it will change every aspect of it, from the way cartoons are made to the way films are screened to the way people buy music. That much is clear.*16．the confused feelings that people are known to have experienced in response to technological innovation.正确答案：A解析：Each such innovation ... has been accompanied by a period of fear mixed with exhilaration.*17．the fact that some companies have learnt from the mistakes of others正确答案：F解析：... the smarter companies in the entertainment business ... saw what happened to those of their predecessors who were stuck with one form of distribution.*18．the high cost to the consumer of new ways of distributing entertainment.正确答案：B解析：When the entertainment companies tried out the technology, it worked fine-but not at a price that people were prepared to pay.*19．uncertainty regarding the financial impact of wider media access.正确答案：C解析：What nobody is sure of is how it (the digital revolution) will affect the economics of the business.*20．the fact that some companies were the victims of strict government policy.正确答案：F解析：Part of the reason why incumbents got pushed aside was that they ... faced a tighter regulatory environment than the present one.*21．the fact that the digital revolution could undermine the giant entertainment companies.正确答案：G解析：It remains to be seen whether the latest technology will weaken those great companies, or make them stronger than ever.Questions 22-25 The writer refers to various individuals and companies in the reading passage. Match the people or companies (A-E) with the points made in Questions 22-25 about the introduction of new technology. Write the appropriate letter (A-E) in boxes 22-25 on your answer sheet.A——John MaloneB——Hal valarianC——MGMD——Walt DisneyE——Christopher Dixon22．Historically, new forms of distributing entertainment have alarmed those well-established in the business.A．John MaloneB．Hal valarianC．MGMD．Walt DisneyE．Christopher Dixon正确答案：B解析：Old companies always fear new technology. Hollywood was hostile to television, television terrified by the VCR. Go back far enough, points out Hal Valarian.*23．The merger of entertainment companies follows a pattern evident in other industries.A．John MaloneB．Hal valarianC．MGMD．Walt DisneyE．Christopher Dixon正确答案：E解析：He says, ‘... It happened to the oil and automotive businesses earlier this century; now it is happening to the entertainment business’.*24．Major entertainment bodies that have remained independent have lost their influence.A．John MaloneB．Hal valarianC．MGMD．Walt DisneyE．Christopher Dixon正确答案：C解析：MGM, once the roaring lion of Hollywood, has been reduced to a whisper because it is not part of one of the giants.*25．News of the most recent technological development was published some years ago.A．John MaloneB．Hal valarianC．MGMD．Walt DisneyE．Christopher Dixon正确答案：A解析：In 1992, John Malone, chief executive of TCI, an American cable giant,welcomed the ‘500-channel universe’.Questions 26-27Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 26-27 on your answer sheet.26．How does the writer put across his views on the digital revolution?A．by examining the forms of media that will be affected by itB．by analysing the way entertainment companies have reacted to itC．by giving a personal definition of technological innovationD．by drawing comparisons with other periods of technological innovation正确答案：D解析：This is a reflective piece that looks back at the effects of technological innovation. Hence D is the correct answer.*27．Which of the following best summarises the writer’s views in Reading Passage 2?A．The public should cease resisting the introduction of new technology.B．Digital technology will increase profits in the entertainment business.C．Entertainment companies should adapt to technological innovation.D．Technological change only benefits big entertainment companies.正确答案：C解析：The message throughout the text is that technological innovation should be embraced and that resistance does not lead to a positive outcome. Paragraph F in particular asserts this view.READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below What do we mean by being ‘talented’ or gifted. The most obvious way is to look at the work someone does and if they are capable of significant success, label them as talented. The purely quantitative route - ‘percentage definition’- looks not at individuals, but at simple percentages, such as the top five per cent of the population, and labels them - by definition - as gifted. This definition has fallen from favour, eclipsed by the advent of IQ tests, favoured by luminaries such as Professor Hans Eysenck, where a series of written or verbal tests of general intelligence leads to a score of intelligence. The IQ test has been eclipsed in mm. Most people studying intelligence and creativity in the new millennium now prefer a broader definition, using a multifaceted approach where talents in many areas are recognised rather than purely concentrating on academic achievement. If we are therefore assuming that talented, creative or gifted individuals may need to be assessed across a range of abilities, does this mean intelligence can run in families as a genetic or inherited tendency? Mental dysfunction - such as schizophrenia - can, so is an efficient mental capacity passed on from parent to child? Animal experiments throw some light on this question, and on the wholearea of whether it is genetics, the environment or a combination of the two that allows for intelligence and creative ability. Different strains of rats show great differences in intelligence or ‘rat reasoning’. If these are brought up in normal conditions and then run through a maze to reach a food goal, the ‘bright’strain make far fewer wrong turns that the ‘dull’ ones. But if the environment is made dull and boring the number of errors becomes equal. Return the rats to an exciting maze and the discrepancy returns as before - but is much smaller. In other words, a dull rat in a stimulating environment will almost do as well as a bright rat who is bored in a normal one. This principle applies to humans too - someone may be born with innate intelligence, but their environment probably has the final say over whether they become creative or even a genius. Evidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and encouragement, are able to achieve significant and sustainable levels of academic or sporting prowess. Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so may receive more parental attention as a result - almost by default - in order to ensure their safety. They may also talk earlier, and this, in turn, breeds parental interest. This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright. Their creative talents may be undervalued and so never come to fruition. Two themes seem to run through famously creative families as a result. The first is that the parents were able to identify the talents of each child, and nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even-handed manner. Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not seen as a particular problem. If the father is, say, a famous actor, there is no undue pressure for his children to follow him onto the boards, but instead their chosen interests are encouraged. There need not even by any obvious talent in such a family since there always needs to be someone who sets the family career in motion, as in the case of the Sheen acting dynasty. Martin Sheen was the seventh of ten children born to a Spanish immigrant father and an Irish mother. Despite intense parental disapproval he turned his back on entrance exams to university and borrowed cash from a local priest to start a fledgling acting career. His acting successes in films such as Badlands and Apocalypse Now made him one of the most highly-regarded actors of the 1970s. Three sons - Emilio Estevez, Ramon Estevez and Charlie Sheen - have followed him into the profession as a consequence of being inspired by his motivation and enthusiasm. A stream seems to run through creative families. Such children are not necessarily smothered with love by their parents. They feel loved and wanted, and are secure in their home, but are often more surrounded by an atmosphere of work and where following a calling appears to be important. They may see from their parents that it takes time and dedication to be master of a craft, and so are in less of a hurry to achieve for themselves once they start to work. The generation of creativity is complex: it is a mixture of genetics, the environment, parental teaching and luck that determines how successful or talented family members are. This last point - luck - is often not mentioned where talent is concerned but plays an undoubted part. Mozart, considered by many to be the finest composer of all time, was lucky to be living in an age that encouraged the writing of music. He was brought up surrounded by it, his father was a musician whoencouraged him to the point of giving up his job to promote his child genius, and he learnt musical composition with frightening speed - the speed of a genius. Mozart himself simply wanted to create the finest music ever written but did not necessarily view himself as a genius - he could write sublime music at will, and so often preferred to lead a hedonistic lifestyle that he found more exciting than writing music to order. Albert Einstein and Bill Gates are two more examples of people whose talents have blossomed by virtue of the times they were living in. Einstein was a solitary, somewhat slow child who had affection at home but whose phenomenal intelligence emerged without any obvious parental input. This may have been partly due to the fact that at the start of the 20th Century a lot of the Newtonian laws of physics were being questioned, leaving a fertile ground for ideas such as his to be developed. Bill Gates may have had the creative vision to develop Microsoft, but without the new computer age dawning at the same time he may never have achieved the position on the world stage he now occupies.Questions 28-29Complete the notes, which show how the approaches to defining ‘talent’have changed.Choose ONE or TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 28-29 on your answer sheet. ‘Percentage definition’→【28】______ →【29】______28．【28】正确答案：IQ/intelligence解析：Para 1: Test(s)/testing percentage definition was eclipsed by the advent of IQ tests*29．【29】正确答案：multi-faceted approach解析：Para 2: The IQ test has been eclipsed in turn. Most people ... now prefer a broader definition, using a multifaceted approachQuestions 30-32Which THREE of the following does the writer regard as a feature of creative families?Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 30-32 on your answer sheet.A——a higher than average level of parental affection B——competition between brothers and sisters C——parents who demonstrate vocational commitment D——strong motivation to take exams and attend university E——a patient approach to achieving success F——the identification of the most talented child in the family30．【30】______正确答案：B解析：Para 4: Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not seen as a particular problem*31．【31】______正确答案：C解析：Para 6: ... are often more surrounded by an atmosphere of work and where following a calling appears to be important.*32．【32】______正确答案：E解析：Para 6: They may see from their parents that it takes time and dedication to be master of a craft, and so are in/ess of a hurry to achieve for themselves ...Questions 33-34Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 33-34 on your answer sheet.33．The rat experiment was conducted to show that ______.A．certain species of rat are more intelligent than others.B．intelligent rats are more motivated than ‘dull’ rats.C．a rat’s surroundings can influence its behaviour.D．a boring environment has little impact on a ‘bright’ rat.正确答案：C解析：Para 3: The conclusion of the experiment was that a dull rat in a stimulating environment will almost do as well as a bright rat who is bored in a normal one.*34．The writer cites the story of Martin Sheen to show that ______.A．he was the first in a creative line.B．his parents did not have his creative flair.C．he became an actor without proper training.D．his sons were able to benefit from his talents.正确答案：A解析：Para 4: ... there always needs to be someone who sets the family career in motion, as in the case of the Sheen acting dynasty.Questions 35-39Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet writeYES——if the statement agrees with the writer’s claimsNO——if the statement contradicts the writer’s claimsNOT GIVEN——if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this35．Intelligence tests have now been proved to be unreliable.A．YESB．NOC．NOT GIVEN正确答案：C解析：IQ tests are referred to briefly in the first two paragraphs, but no information is given about their reliability. They became less popular amongst researchers.*36．The brother or sister of a gifted older child may fail to fulfil their own potential.A．YESB．NOC．NOT GIVEN正确答案：A解析：Para 4: This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings ... Thei creative talents may be undervalued and so never come to fruition.*37．The importance of luck in the genius equation tends to be ignored.A．YESB．NOC．NOT GIVEN正确答案：A解析：Para 7: This last point-luck-is often not mentioned where talent is concerned but plays an undoubted part.*38．Mozart was acutely aware of his own remarkable talent.A．YESB．NOC．NOT GIVEN正确答案：B解析：Para 7: Mozart himself simply wanted to create the finest music ever written but did not necessarily view himself as a genius ...*39．Einstein and Gates would have achieved success in any era.A．YESB．NO。
雅思考试官方指南第二版test 2阅读
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雅思阅读练习 reading2
Reading2 Scanning for a specific detail and skimming for general understandingwily, Wired ConsumersThe Internet has empowered shoppers both online and offline.A The amount of time people spend researching, checking prices, visiting stores and seeking advice from friends tends to rise in proportion to the value of the product they are thinking of buying. A new car is one of the biggest purchases people make, and buyers typically spend four to six weeks mulling over their choices. So why are some people now walking into car showrooms and ordering a vehicle without even asking for a test drive? Or turning up at an electrical store and pointing out the washing machine they want without seeking advice from a sales assistant? Welcome to a new style of shopping shaped by the internet.B More people are buying products online, especially at peak buying periods. The total value of e-commerce transactions in the United States in the fourth quarter of 2004 reached $18 billon, a 22% increase over the same period in 2003, according to the Department of Commerce in Washington DC. But that just represents 2% of America’s total retail market and excludes services, such as online travel, the value of goods auctioned on the Internet, and the $34 billion-worth of goods that individuals trade on eBay.C If you consider the Internet’s wider influence over what people spend their money on, then the figures escalate out of sight. Some carmakers in America now find that eight out of ten of their buyers have logged on to the Internet to gather information about not just the exact vehicle they want, but also the price they are going to pay. Similarly with consumer electronics, nowadays if a customer wants to know which flat-screen TV they should buy, they are likely to start their shopping online – even though the vast majority will not complete the transaction there.D The Internet is moving the world closer to perfect product and price information. The additional knowledge it can provide makes consumers more self-assured and bold enough to go into a car dealership and refuse to bargain. As a result, the process of shopping is increasingly being divorced from the transaction itself. Consumers might surf the web at night and hit the shops during the day. Visiting bricks-and-mortar stores can provide the final confirmation that the item or group of items that they are interested in is right for them.E Far from losing trade to online merchants stores that offer the sorts of goods people find out about online can gain from this new form of consumer behaviour. This is provided they offer attractive facilities, good guarantees and low prices.F Merchants who charge too much and offer poor service, however, should beware. The same,too, for shaky manufacturers: smarter consumers know which products have a good reputation and which do not, because online they now read not only the sales blurb but also reviews from previous purchasers. And if customers are disappointed, a few clicks of the mouse will take them to placeswhere they can let the world know.G Some companies are already adjusting their business models to take account of these trends. The stores run by Sony and Apple, for instance, are more like brand showrooms than shops. They are there for people to try out devices and to ask questions of knowledge staff. Whether the products are ultimately bought online or offline is of secondary importance. Online traders must also adjust. Amazon, for one, is rapidly turning from being primarily a bookseller to becoming a mass retailer, by letting other companies sell products on its site, rather like a marketplace. Other transformations in the retail business are bound to follow.1 Scan the Reading passage for the following details.(2min)1 a large amount of money 4 two brand-name stores2 a US government department 5 an Internet trading company3 a percentage● read the title and subheading of the article on the next page and predict the content;●skim the passage and say what it is about.IELTS Reading test practice Short-answer questions 5 Take ten minutes to answer questions 1-6.Sifting through the Sands of timeWhen you’re on the beach, you’re stepping on ancient mountains, skeletons of marine animals, even tiny diamonds. Sand provides a mineral treature trove, a record of geology’s earth-changing processes.Sand: as children we play on it and as adults we relax on it. It is something we complain about when it gets in our food, and praise when it’s moulded into castles. But we don’t often look at it. If we did, we would discover an account of a geological past and a history of marine life that goes back thousands and in some cases millions of years.Sand covers not just seashores, but also ocean beds, deserts and mountains. It is one of the most common substances on earth. And it is a major element in man-made items too – concrete is largely sand,while glass is made of little else.What exactly is sand? Well, it is larger than fine dust and smaller than shingle. In fact, according to the most generally accepted scheme of measurement, devised by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, grains qualify if their diameter is greater than 0.06 of a millimeter and less than 0.6 of a millimeter.Depending on its age and origin, a particular sand can consist of tiny pebbles or porous granules. Its grain may have the shape of stars or spirals, their edges jagged or smooth. They have come from the erosion of rocks, or from the skeletons of marine organisms which accumulate on the bottom of the oceans, or even from volcanic eruptions.Colour is another clue to sand’s origins. If it is a dazzling white, its grains may have the shape of stars or spirals, their edges jagged or smooth. They have come from the erosion of rocks, or from the skeletons of marine organisms which accumulate on the bottom of the oceans, or even from volcanic eruptions.Colour is another clue to sand’s origins. If it is a dazzling white, its grains may be derived from nearby coral outcrops, from crystalline quartz rocks or from gypsum, like the white sands of New Mexico. On Pacific islands jet black sands form from volcanic minerals. Other black beaches are magnetic. Some sand is very recent indeed, as is the case on the island of Kamoamoa in Hawaii, where a beach was created after a volcanic eruption in 1990. molten lava spilled into the sea and exploded in glassy droplets.Usually, the older the granules, the finer they are and the smoother the edges. The fine, white beaches of northern Scotland, for instance, are recycled from sandstone several hundred million years old. Perhaps they will be stone once more, in another few hundred million.Sand is an irreplaceable industrial ingredient whose uses are legion: but it has one vital function you might never even notice. Sand cushions our land from the sea’s impact, and geologists say it often does a better job of protecting our shores than the most advanced coastal technology.7 Take five minutes to find out what the passage starting with the follow passage is about.8 Scan effects on Salmon Biodiversity for words 1-9 and then match them to definitions A-I.Effects on Salmon BiodiversityThe number of Pacific salmon has declined dramatically but the loss of genetic diversity may be a bigger problem.Each year, countless salmon migrate from the rivers and streams along the western coasts of Canada and the US to the Pacific Ocean, while at the same time others leave the ocean and return to freshwater to spawn a new generation. This ritual has been going on for many millennia. But more than a century ago, the number of salmon returning from the sea began to fall dramatically in the Pacific Northwest. The decline accelerated in the 1970s and by the 1990s the US Endangered Species Act listed 26 kinds of salmon as endangered.In North America, there are five species of Pacific salmon: pink salmon, chum, sockeye, coho and Chinook. Most of these fish migrate to the sea and then return to freshwater to reproduce. They are also semelparous–they die after spawning once. The life cycle of a typical salmon begins with females depositing eggs in nests, or redds, on the gravel bottoms of rivers and lakes. There must be large quantities of gravel for this process to be successful. The young emerge from here and live in freshwater for periods ranging from a few days to several years. Then the juveniles undergo a physiological metamorphosis, called smoltification, and head towards the ocean. Once in the sea, the salmon often undertake extensive migrations of thousands of miles while the mature. After anywhere from a few months to a few years, adult salmon return – with high fidelity – to the river where they were born. There they spawn and cycle begins again.Stream-type Chinook spend one or more years in freshwater before heading to sea; they also undertake extensive offshore voyages and return to their natal streams during the spring or summer, often holding in freshwater for several months before spawning. In contrast, ocean-type Chinook move out very early in life, before they reach one year of age. But once these salmon reach open water, they do not travel far offshore. They usually spend their entire natal streams immediately before spawning.Because salmon typically return to reproduce in the river where they were spawned, individual streams are home to local breeding populations that can have a unique genetic signature and the state of the oceans influences this. Also, salmon react in complex ways to human-induced changes to their environment.The extensive development of hydropower on the major rivers of the western US has clearly disrupted populations of salmon. Other problems come from the very engineering fixes made to protect these fish from harm. Dams on some rivers are equipped with submersible screens designed to divert migrating juveniles away from turbines. Unfortunately, these measures do not benefit all fish. These screens steer as many as 95 percent of the stream-type Chinook around the turbines, but because of idiosyncrasies in behaviour these measures redirect as few as 15 percent of ocean-type Chinook. One thus expects to see genetic shifts in favour of the stream types.Fish ladders too have drawbacks. Although these devices have helped to bring survival rates for mature fish closer to historic levels, dams have certainly altered their upstream journey. Rather than swimming against a flowing river, adults now pass through a series of reservoirs punctuated by dams, where discharge from the turbine can disorient the fish and make it hard for them to find ladders. Such impediments do not kill the fish, but they affect migration rates.Dams may also modify salmon habitat in more subtle ways. An indirect effect of the 92-metreBrownlee Dam on the Snake River provides a dramatic example. Historically, the upper Snake River produced some 25,000 to 30,000chincook salmon that spawned during the early fall. The completion of the dam in the late 1950s not only rendered the vast majority of their habitat inaccessible, but also led to more extreme water temperatures downstream from the dam. These changes, in turn, altered the life cycle of the small population of Snake River Chinook that remained. Today young Chinook emerge from the gravel later than they did before the dam was built, and thus they migrate downstream later, when temperatures are higher and water levels lower.9Scan the text for the following reference words or phrases and then say what they refer to.this ritual (Para.1) these measures (Para.5)the decline (para.1) these devices (Para.6)there they spawn (Para.2) such impediments (Para.6)influences this (Para.4) these changes (Para.7)other problems (Para.5)IELTS Reading test practice completing a flowchart/diagram/table 10Answer questions 1-5 and complete the flowchart.(8min)Complete the flowchart below.Choose NO MORE THAN ONE MORD from the passage for each answer.11Answer questions 6-12 and complete the table.(10min)。
雅思阅读练习 ielts_academic_reading_practice_test_2
IELTS reading passage - Bring back the big catsBring back the big catsJohn Vesty says that the time for returning vanished native animals to Britain has arrived. Around598AD,there is a poem that describes the hunting of a mystery animal called llewyn.What is it?Nothing got fitted until2006,an animal bone was found in the Kinsey Cave in northern England,dating from around the same period.Until this discovery,the lynx which is a large spotted cat with tassel led ears was assumed to have died in Britain at least 6000years ago.It happens before the inhabitants of these islands do farming.But in2006,in Yorkshire and Scotland it is evident that the lynx and mysterious llewyn both are the same.If so, the estimated extinction date of tassel-eared cats is 5000 years.However,in British culture this is not the last glimpse of the animal.A9th century stone cross from the Isle of Eigg shows along the deer,pig,aurochs,a speckled cat with tasselled ears is pursued by a mounted hunter.We are sure that the animal’s backside hasn't been damaged over time as the lynx’s stubby tail is unmistakable.It’s difficult to know about the creature even without this feature.Now,lynx has become the totemic animal of a movement that transforms British environmentalism - rewilding.Rewilding is the huge restoration of damaged ecosystems.It involves replacing the trees to areas that have been stripped,making seabed parts to recover from trawling and dredging and making rivers to freely flow.These things are to bring back the missing species.In modern ecology,one of the top findings is ecosystems without large predators which behave differently than those that retain them.Some drive dynamic processes that resonate the complete food chain and provide niches for hundreds of species that might struggle to survive. The killers will turn as life bringers.For British conservation,these findings give a great challenge,which is often selected as arbitrary assemblages of plants and animals by putting huge effort and investment to prevent them from changing.As the jar of pickles,it has preserved the living world by not letting anything in and out and keeping nature in an arrested state.But ecosystems are not onlybased on the collection of species,it also depends on the dynamic and changing relationship between them. The dynamism often varies based on the large predators.When it comes to sea,it is even greater,the larger areas of commercial fishing need to be protected.18th century literature describes that the vast shoals of fish are chased by fin and sperm whales within sight of the English shore.This method will greatly increase catches in the surrounding seas;the fishing industry’s insistence on clearing every seabed without leaving any breeding reserves couldn’t be damaging to its own interests.Rewilding is one of the rare examples of environmental movement where campaigners communicate what they are for rather than what they are against.The reason for enthusiasm for rewilding is spreading fastly in Britain,is to create a more inspiring vision than the green movements’ promise of Follow us and the world will be less awful than it would be.There will be no threat to human beings by the lynx:there is no instance of a lynx preying on people.It is a specialist predator of roe deer that has exploded in Britain in recent decades which holds back the intensive browsing and planning to re-establish forests.It will also winkle out sika deer,an exotic species that is impossible for human beings to control as it hides in impenetrable plantations of young trees.Reintroducing this predator comes with the aim of bringing back the forests to the parts of our bare and barren uplands.The lynx needs deep cover thus giving little risk to sheep and other livestock which need to be in a condition of farm subsidies that are kept out of the woods.Several conservationists suggested that the lynx can be reintroduced within20years in the recent trip of the Cairngorm Mountains.If trees return to the bare hills anywhere in Britain, the big cats will follow.If it is seen from the perspective of anywhere else in Europe,there will be nothing extraordinary about the proposals.Now,the lynx has been reintroduced to the Mountains,Alps in eastern France and mountains in Germany and re-established in many places.Since1970,the European population has tripled to nearly10,000.Like wolves,bears, pigs,bison,moose and other species,the lynx will spread as farming,left the hills and then people discover that it is much needed to protect wildlife than to hunt it as tourists will pay to see it. Large scale rewilding will happen everywhere except Britain.Here,there are many changes in attitudes.Conservationists started to accept the jar model is failing even on its own terms.Projects like Trees for life in the Highlands give hints of what is expected to come.There is an organisation set up that seeks to catalyse the rewilding of land and sea across Britain,its aim is to reintroduce the rarest species to British ecosystems: hope.Bring back the big cats IELTS reading questionsQuestions (1-5)Choose the correct letter,A, B, C or D.1. What did the discovery of animal bone say about the lynx?a.It has distinctive physical appearanceb.The spread of farming is linked to its extinctionc.It survived in Britain longer than the predictiond.Thousand years ago it disappeared from Britain2. What does the writer point out about the large predators?a.Biodiversity will increase by its presenceb.It will create damage to the ecosystemsc.Based on the environment, their behaviour might changed.Only in their native places they should be reintroduced.3. What is suggested by the writer about British conservation?a.The target was missed to achieveb.The path has begin to changec.The misguided approach was heldd.It targeted only the most widespread species.4. Protecting the large are of sea from commercial fishing will end up ina.Loss for the fishing industryb.Benefits for the fishing industryc.Opposition from the fishing industryd.Changes in techniques in fishing industry5. What is the difference between rewilding from other campaigns according to the writer?a.The message is appealing and positive.b.The objective is achievablec.Supporters are more involvedd.It is based on the scientific principlesQuestions (6-9)Complete the summary belowChoose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.The advantages of reintroducing the lynx to Britain are many.There is no such evidence that lynx put______________6in danger which would reduce the population of____________7 which increased rapidly in the recent decades.It gives only minimum threat to___________ 8,if it were kept away from the lynx habitats.Further,the reintroduction concept has been linked with initiatives to return native ____________9to certain places of the country.Questions (10-14)Do the following statements match the information with the passage?WriteTRUE if the statement agrees with the views of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this10. Reintroducing the lynx is done by the Britain which is the first European country11.The conservationists'expectations have increased due to the huge population growth of European lynx since 1970.12. The habitat of lynx in Europe extended based on the changes in agricultural practices.13. Reintroduction of species has commercial advantage14. The jar of pickle models has come into acceptance by the conservationists.。
2022年雅思阅读模拟练习题2新
2022年雅思阅读模拟练习题2This reading test contains 10 questions. You should spend about 20 minuteson this task.To make it more authentic, download the test and do it with pen and paper.Read the passage below and answer 10 questions.Ethnic Groups in SingaporeIn addition to being one of the smallest (and youngest) countries in theworld, Singapore, with its population of less than four million, is one of theworld’s most ethnically mixed countries. It is primarily Chinese, a group towhich over three quarters of permanent residents assign themselves, but even inthis group there are differences in languages and cultures. The other two mainethnic groups in Singapore are Malays and Indians, each representing around tenpercent of the population. It has long been the goal of the government to promote Singapore as a multicultural society in which all three of these maingroups enjoy equal access to the wealth, education, and social systemsthatSingapore offers.For nearly seven hundred years, Chinese have been travelling to SoutheastAsia in search of wealth and prosperity. Those who settled in Singapore camemainly from southern China and spoke different languages depending on which areawas home. Hokkien, one of the main Chinese languages spoken in Singapore,originates from Fujian Province. Speakers of Teochew had ancestors from easternGuangdong. Hakka has roots in both Fujian and Guangdong. Cantonese is alsospoken in Singapore today, and originates from Guangzhou. All of these languages(and more) are spoken by the Chinese population of Singapore today, though thereare very few communities now that are linguistically isolated as they were inthe past, and in recent years the government has also heavily promoted theteaching and learning of Mandarin to serve as a common language for the Chinesecommunity.Though representing a much smaller proportion of the population, the Malaysare the second largest ethnic group in Singapore and the original inhabitants ofSingapore. They are still today the main ethnic group throughout the regionstretching from Malaysia to Indonesia and the Philippines. The Malaycommunityin Singapore came mainly from the Malaysian peninsula, though many also camefrom Java and other Indonesian islands. The Malay community practices Islam,which came to the area via Arab and Indian traders in the 1400s, but their religion also retains some features of pre-islamic Hindu beliefs.The third largest ethnic group in Singapore, slightly smaller than the Malay community, is that of the Indians. Migration from India dates mainly fromthe days of the British colony of Malaya in the 18th century, and most Indianscame to the area as labourers recruited by the British to work on plantations.Most of the Indian community are Tamil from the southern part of India, but asizeable portion originates from Kerala in the southwest.Another group of people with a long history in Singapore are known as thePeranakans. The word peranakan in Malay means ‘half-caste’ and the Peranakansare the descendants of Chinese immigrants who settled in the area and marriedMalay women. The groups of Chinese who travelled and settled in the regioncenturies ago were predominantly (if not entirely) men, and so a most weremarried to local women. The culture of the Peranakans is a mix of both Chineseand Malay traditions, and in most cases this group adopted the name and religionof their Chinese fathers, but retained the language and customs of their Malaymothers. Today, the Peranakan population speaks a version of Malay which borrowsfrom Hokkien so much that Malay speakers often cannot understand the dialect.While the Peranakan culture is being preserved and revived by organisations inSingapore, there are just a few thousand Peranakan Malay speakers left on theisland.According to the information in the reading passage, which group(s) havethe following features:A ChineseB MalaysC IndiansD Peranakans1) Has/Have features of more than ethnic group?2) Is/Are united strongly through religion?3) Speak / Speaks many different languages?4) Is/Are not native to the Singapore region?5) Was originally made up mostly of men?In boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet writeYes if the statement is true according to the articleNo if the statement is not true according to the articleNOT GIVEN if it is not possible to determine the truth of the statementfrom the article6) Originally, many Chinese communities in Singapore couldn’t communicateeasily with each other due to linguistic differences.7) Mandarin is the main language of Singapore.8) Indians were the most recent of the three to arrive in Singapore.9) Arab and Indian traders settled in Singapore in the 1400s.10) The Peranakan language is being increasingly used in Singapore.Answers1) D2) B3) A4) A, C5) A6) YES7) NOT GIVEN8) YES9) NO10) NO文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
雅思阅读T／F／NG模拟题(2)
Practice 2Almost everyone with or without a computer is aware of the latest technological revolution destined to change forever the way in which humans communicate, namely, the Information Superhighway, best exemplified by the ubiquitous Internet. Already, millions of people around the world are linked by computer simply by having a modem and an address on the `Net', in much the same way that owning a telephone links us to almost anyone who pays a phone bill. In fact, since the computer connections are made via the phone line, the Internet can be envisaged as a network of visual telephone links. It remains to seen in which direction the Information Superhighway is headed, but many believeit is the educational hope of the future.The World Wide Web, an enormous collection of Internet addresses or sites, all of which can be accessed for information, has been mainly responsible for the increase in interest in the Internet in the 1990s. Before the World Wide Web, the `Net' was comparable to an integrated collection of computerized typewriters, but the introduction of the `Web' in 1990 allowed not only text links to be made but also graphs, images and even video.A Web site consists of a `home page', the first screen of a particular site on the computer to which you are connected, from where access can be had to other subject related `pages'(or screens) at the site and on thousands of other computers all over the world. This is achieved by a process called `hypertext'. By clicking with a mouse device on various parts of the screen, a person connected to the `Net' can go traveling, or surfing' through a of the screen, a person connected to the `Net' can go traveling, or `surfing' through a web of pages to locate whatever information is required.Anyone can set up a site; promoting your club, your institution, your company's products or simply yourself, is what the Web and the Internet is all about. And what is more, information on the Internet is not owned or controlled by any one organization. It is, perhaps, true to say that no one and therefore everyone owns the `Net'. Because of the relative freedom of access to information, the Internet has often been criticised by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users. This perception has proved to be largely false however, and the vast majority of users both young and old get connected with the Internet for the dual purposes for which it was intended - discovery and delight.TRUE／FALSE／NOT GIVEN1.Everyone is aware of the Information Superhighway.ing the Internet costs the owner of a telephone extra money.3.Internet computer connections are made by using telephone lines.4.The World Wide Web is a network of computerised typewriters.5.According to the author, the Information Superhighway may be the future hope of education.6.The process called`hypertext'requires the use of a mouse device.7.The Internet was created in the 1990s.8.The `home page'is the first screen of a `Web'site on the `Net'.9.The media has often criticised the Internet because it is dangerous.10. The latest technological revolution will change the way humans communicate.Answer Keys1.F2.NG3.T4.F5.T6.T7.F8.T9.F 10.T明天继续雅思阅读T/F/NG模拟题(2)。
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3.What would you expect to read about in the third paragraph?
4.Take two minutes to read the third paragraph and then underline the main idea,andthe supportingdetails.
1.Reading this title and subheading and think what does the text will be about.
2.Reading the next paragraph and try to fill in a, b, c, with主题句,关系词,方向.
Question:1.Topic sentence and supporting details?
2. What’s the difference of topic sentence and supporting details?
ReadingSkills:Understanding paragraph structure
The truth is, blame can also be a powerful constructive force. For starters,it can be an effective teaching tool,helping people to avoid repeating their mistakes. When used judiciously – and sparingly –blame can also prod people to put forth their best efforts, while maintaining both their confidence and their focus on goals.Indeed, blame can have a very helpful effectwhen it’s used for the right reasons. The key, then, is the way in which blame is managed, which can influencehow people make decisions and perform their jobs, and ultimately affect the culture and character of an organization.