2019雅思阅读考试真题(8)
2019年6月13日雅思阅读考试真题及答案
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PASSAGE 3
The Rainmaker DesiHale Waihona Puke n【喷淋设备设计】……
9. having a close circle of friends
10. reveals a link between happiness and life expectancy
11. shows that enviornment is not solely responsible for determining how happy
graph E
Modern and happiness
6. contributes to long-term happiness
7. we are more satisfied when we earn more than others
8. people can have negative feelings about their local enviornment
12. is generally stronger in happier people
13. shows that levels of happiness dont necessarily rise with improvements in life
PASSAGE 2
Copy Your Neighbor
上周的雅思考试已经顺利结束真题和答案也已经公布接下来就和出国留学网看一看2019年6月13日雅思阅读考试真题及答案
2019年6月13日雅思阅读考试真题及答案
上周的雅思考试已经顺利结束，真题和答案也已经公布，接下来就和看一看2019年6月13日雅思阅读考试真题及答案。
PASSAGE 1
(完整word版)剑桥雅思8阅读理解解析含翻译
剑桥雅思8-第三套试题-阅读部分-PASSAGE 1-阅读真题原文部分:READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Striking Back at Lightning With LasersSeldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt's most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site in Florida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States' power grid from lightning strikes. 'We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets, ' says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.Bad behaviourBut while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1, 200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. 'Lightning is not perfectly well behaved, 'says Bernstein. 'Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn't supposed to go. ' And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? 'What goes up must come down, ' points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500, 000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky. The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun)would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it's a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels's system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. 'I cannot say I have money yet, but I'm working on it, ' says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he's hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts 'an avalanche of interest and support' if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing 100, 000 each.Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning 'switch' at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes to see the birth of 'interactive meteorology' - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it. 'If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather, ' he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we'll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces. 'We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning, ' he says. Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms. A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.Questions 1-3Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.1 The main topic discussed in the text isA the damage caused to US golf courses and golf players by lightning strikes.B the effect of lightning on power supplies in the US and in Japan.C a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.D a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes.2 According to the text, every year lightningA does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms.B kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States.C kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world.D damages more than 100 American power companies.3 Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New MexicoA receive funds from the same source.B are using the same techniques.C are employed by commercial companies.D are in opposition to each other.Questions 4-6Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet.4 EPRI receives financial support from………………………….5 The advantage of the technique being developed by Diels is that it can be used……………….6 The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its……………….Questions 7-10Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.In this method, a laser is used to create a line of ionisation by removing electrons from 7 …………………………. This laser is then directed at 8 …………………………in order to control electrical charges, a method which is less dangerous than using 9 …………………………. As a protection for the lasers, the beams are aimed firstly at 10………………………….A cloud-zappersB atomsC storm cloudsD mirrorsE techniqueF ionsG rockets H conductors I thunderQuestions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this11 Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.12 Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.13 Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels's system.READING PASSAGE 1篇章结构体裁说明文主题用激光回击闪电结构第1段：闪电带来的危害第2段：科研人员正在研究回击闪电的方法第3段：先前的闪电回击术介绍第4段：火箭回击术的缺陷第5段：更安全的激光回击术第6段：激光回击术的技术原理第7段：激光回击术的缺陷第8段：通过实地实验改进激光回击术第9段：激光回击术对其他学科也有益处第10段：激光回击术的其他用途解题地图难度系数：★★★解题顺序：按题目顺序解答即可友情提示：烤鸭们注意：本文中的SUMMARY题目顺序有改变，解题要小心；MULTIPLE CHOICE的第三题是个亮点，爱浮想联翩的烤鸭们可能会糊掉。
2019年8月1日雅思阅读考试真题及解析
2019年8月1日雅思阅读考试真题及解析八月的第一场雅思考试已经顺利地落下了帷幕，可以说是有人欢喜有人愁。
今天就跟着店铺来一起看看2019年8月1日雅思阅读考试真题及解析。
Passage1：非洲某个国家的农业参考原文及答案：A By tradition land in Luapula is not owned by individuals，but as in many other parts of Africa is allocated by the headman or headwoman of a village to people of either sex， according to need. Since land is generally prepared by hand，one ulupwa cannot take on a very large area； in this sense land has not been a limiting resource over large parts of the province. The situation has already changed near the main townships， and there has long been a scarcity of land for cultivation in the Valley. In these areas registered ownership patterns are becoming prevalent.B Most of the traditional cropping in Luapula，as in the Bemba area to the east，is based on citemene，a system whereby crops are grown on the ashes of tree branches. As a rule，entire trees are not felled （v. 砍到），but are pollarded （v. 截去树梢）so that they can regenerate. Branches are cut over an area of varying size early in the dry season， and stacked to dry over a rough circle about a fifth to a tenth of the pollarded area. The wood is fired before the rains and in the first year planted with the African cereal finger millet （Eleusine coracana）. The grain of this crop is used to brew local beers such as cipumu， which contribute several vitamins of the B complex to peoples’ diet. Cipumu is also used in cementing reciprocal working relationships （Pottier 1985）.C During the second season， and possibly for a few seasonsmore the area is planted to variously mixed combinations of annuals （n. 一年生植物）such as maize，pumpkins （Telfiria occidentalis）and other cucurbits，sweet potatoes，groundnuts，Phaseolus beans and various leafy vegetables，grown with a certain amount of rotation （n. 轮流）. The diverse sequence ends with vegetable cassava， which is often planted into the developing last-but-one crop as a relay.D Richards （1969） observed that the practice of citemene entails a definite division of labour between men and women. A man stakes out a plot in an unobtrusive manner，since it is considered provocative towards one’s neighbours to mark boundaries in an explicit way. The dangerous work of felling branches is the m en’s province，and involves much pride. Branches are stacked by the women，and fired by the men. Formerly women and men cooperated in the planting work， but the harvesting was always done by the women. At the beginning of the cycle little weeding is necessary， since the firing of the branches effectively destroys weeds. As the cycle progresses weeds increase and nutrients eventually become depleted to a point where further effort with annual crops is judged to be not worthwhile： at this point the cassava is planted， since it can produce a crop on nearly exhausted soil. Thereafter the plot is abandoned，and a new area pollarded for the next citemene cycle.E When forest is not available-this is increasingly the case nowadays-various ridging systems （ibala）are built on small areas，to be planted with combinations of maize，beans，groundnuts and sweet potatoes， usually relayed with cassava. These plots are usually tended by women，and provide subsistence. Where their roots have year-round access to watertables （n. 地下水位、潜水面）mango， guava and oil-palm trees often grow around houses， forming a traditional agroforestry （n. 农林业）system. In season some of the fruit is sold by the roadside or in local markets.F The margins of dambos are sometimes planted to local varieties of rice during the rainy season， and areas adjacent to vegetables irrigated with water from the dambo during the dry season. The extent of cultivation is very limited，no doubt because the growing of crops under dambo conditions calls for a great deal of skill （Dougnac 1987：9-10）. Near towns some of the vegetable produce is sold in local markets.G Fishing has long provided a much needed protein supplement （n. 补充）to the diet of Luapulans， as well as being the one substantial source of cash. Much fish is dried for sale to areas away from the main waterways. The Mweru and Bangweulu Lake Basins are the main areas of year-round fishing， but the Luapula River is also exploited （v. 开采）during the latter part of the dry season. Several previously abundant and desirable species，such as the Luapula salmon or mpumbu （Labeo altivelis）and pale （Sarotherodon machochir）have all but disappeared from Lake Mweru，apparently due to mismanagement （Huckaby 1979）.H Fishing has always been a far more remunerative activity in Luapula that crop husbandry （n. 农业、资源管理）. A fisherman may earn more in a week than a bean or maize grower in a whole season. I sometimes heard claims that the relatively high earnings to be obtained from fishing induced an‘ easy come，easy go’ outlook a mong Luapulan men. On the other hand， someone who secures good but erratic earnings may feel that their investment in an economically productive activity is notworthwhile because Luapulans fail to cooperate well in such activities. Besides， a fisherman with spare cash will find little in the way of working equipment to spend his money on. Better spend one’s money in the bars and have a good time！I Only small numbers of cattle or oxen are kept in the province owing to the prevalence of the tse-tse fly. For the few herds， the dambos provide subsistence grazing during the dry season. The absence of animal draft power greatly limits peoples’ ability to plough （n. 耕、犁）and cultivate land：a married couple an rarely manage to prepare by hand-hoeing.J Most people keep freely roaming chickens and goats. These act as a reserve for bartering （物物交换），but may also be occasionally slaughtered for ceremonies or for entertaining important visitors. These animals are not a regular part of most peoples’ diet.K Citemene has been an ingenious system for providing people with seasonal production of high quality cereals and vegetables in regions of acid， heavily leached soils. Nutritionally，the most serious deficiency was that of protein. This could at times be alleviated when fish was available，provided that cultivators lived near the Valley and could find the means of bartering for dried fish. The citemene/fishing system was well adapted to the ecology of the miombo regions and sustainable for long periods，but only as long as human population densities stayed at low levels.L Although population densities are still much lower than in several countries of South-East Asia， neither the fisheries nor the forests and woodlands of Luapula are capable，with unmodified traditional practices，of supporting the people in sustainable manner. For instance，even in a normal seasonpeople suffer from a lack of energy，protein，vitamins and minerals in the diet. A third of under-five children brought to clinics are either stagnant （adj. 停滞的）in growth， or are losing weight.M Overall， people must learn to intensify and diversify their productive systems while yet ensuring that these systems will remain productive in the future， when even more people will need food. Increasing overall production of food， though a vast challenge in itself， will not be enough， however. At the same time storage and distribution systems must allow everyone access to at least a moderate share of the total.Questions 1-4 .................................................................................Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage 1.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.1 In Luapula land allocation is in accordance with2 The citemene system provides the land with where crops are planted.3 During the second season， the last planted crop is4 Under suitable conditions， fruit trees are planted nearQuestions 5-8 .................................................................................Classify the following items with the correct description.Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheetA fishB oxenC goats5 be used in some unusual occasions， such as celebrations.6 cannot thrive for being affected by the pests.7 be the largest part of creating profit.8 be sold beyond the local area.Questions 9-12 ...............................................................................Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1？In boxes 9-12 on your answer sheet， writeTRUE if the sataement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this9 People rarely use animals to cultivate land.10 The local residents eat goats on a regular time.11 When it is a busy time， children are usually taken as the labor force.12 Though citemene has been a sophisticated system，it could not provide enough protein.Questions 13 ...................................................................................Choose the correct letter， A， B， C or D.Write the correct letter in the box 13 on your answer sheet.What is the writer’s opinion about the traditional ways of practices？A They can supply the nutrition that people need.B They are not capable of providing adequate support to the population.C They are productive systems that need no more improving.D They will be easily modified in the future.1. need2. ashes3. vegetable cassava4. houses5. C6. B7. A8. A9. TRUE10. FALSE11. NOT GIVEN12. TRUE13. BPassage2：考古发现古埃及水下遗迹参考答案：待补充Passage3： facial expression面部表情参考原文及答案：A A facial expression is one or more motions or positions of the muscles in the skin. These movements convey the emotional state of the individual to observers. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication. They are a primary means of conveying social information among aliens， but also occur in most other mammals （哺乳动物）and some other animal species. Facial expressions and their significance in the perceiver can， to some extent， vary between cultures with evidence from descriptions in the works of Charles Darwin.B Humans can adopt a facial expression to read as a voluntary action. However， cause expressions are closely tied to emotion， they are more often involuntary （不知不觉的）. It can be nearly impossible to avoid expressions for certain emotions，even when it would be strongly desirable to do so； a person who is trying to avoid insulting an individual he or she finds highly unattractive might ，nevertheless，show a brief expression of disgust before being able to reassume a neutral expression. Microexpressions（微表情）are one example of thisphenomenon. The close link between emotion and expression can also work in the other direction； it has been observed that voluntarily assuming an expression can actually cause the associated emotion.C Some expressions can be accurately interpreted even between members of different species- anger and extreme contentment （满足，满意）being the primary examples . Others ，however，are difficult to interpret even in familiar individuals. For instance， disgust and fear can be tough to tell apart. Because faces have only a limited range of movement，expressions rely upon fairly minuscule differences in the proportion and relative position of facial features， and reading them requires considerable sensitivity to same. Some faces are often falsely read as expressing some emotion， even when they are neutral， because their proportions naturally resemble those another face would temporarily assume.D Also， a person 1s eyes reveal much about how they are feeling，or what they are thinking. Blink rate（眨眼率）can reveal how nervous or at ease a person may be. Research by Boston College professor Joe Tecce suggests that stress levels are revealed by blink rates. He- supports his data with statistics on the relation between the blink rates of presidential candidates and their success in their races. Tecce claims that the faster blinker in the presidential debates has lost every election since 1980. Though Tecce 1 s data is interesting，it is important to recognize that non-verbal communication is multi-channeled，and focusing on only one aspect is reckless. Nervousness can also be measured by examining each candidates’ perspiration，eye contact and stiffness.E As Charles Darwin noted in his book The Expression of theEmotions in Man and Animals：the young and the old of widely different races， both with man and animals， express the same state of mind by the same movements. Still， up to the mid—20th century most anthropologists （人类学家）believed that facial expressions were entirely learned and could therefore differ among cultures. Studies conducted in the 1960s by Paul Ekman eventually supported Darwin’s belief to a large degree.F Ekman’s work on facial expressions had its starting point in the work of psychologist Silvan Tomkins. Ekman showed that contrary to the belief of some anthropologists including Margaret Mead， facial expressions of emotion are not culturally determined，but universal across human cultures. The South Fore people of New Guinea were chosen as subjects for one such survey. The study consisted of 189 adults and 130 children from among a very isolated population，as well as twenty three members of the culture who lived a less isolated lifestyle as a control group. Participants were told a story that described one particular emotion； they were then shown three pictures （two for children）of facial expressions and asked to match the picture which expressed the story’s emotion.G While the isolated South Fore people could identify emotions with the same accuracy as the non-isolated control group， problems associated with the study include the fact that both fear and surprise were constantly misidentified. The study concluded that certain facial expressions correspond to particular emotions and can not be covered，regardless of cultural background，and regardless of whether or not the culture has been isolated or exposed to the mainstream.H Expressions Ekman found to be universal included those indicating anger， disgust， fear， joy， sadness， and surprise（note that none of these emotions has a definitive social component，such as shame，pride，or schadenfreude）. Findings on contempt （which is social） are less clear， though there is at least some preliminary evidence that this emotion and its expression are universally recognized. This may suggest that the facial expressions are largely related to the mind and each parts on the face can express specific emotion.Questions 28-32 .............................................................................SummaryComplete the Summary paragraph described below. In boxes 28-33 on your answer sheet， write the correct answer with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDSThe result of Ekman’s study demonstrates that fear and surprise are persistently 28 and made a conclusion that some facial expressions have something to do with certain 29 which is impossible covered，despite of 29 and whether the culture has been 30 or 31 to the mainstream.Questions 33-38 .............................................................................The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-H.Which paragraph contains the following information？Write the correct letter J-J^ in boxes 34-38 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.33 the difficulty identifying the actual meaning of facial expressions34 the importance of culture on facial expressions35 collected data for the research on the relation between blink and the success in elections36 impossible to differentiate some closely related expressions37 an indicator to reflect one’s extent of nervousness38 the relation between emotion and facial expressionsQuestions 39-40 .............................................................................Choose two letters from the A-EWrite your answers in boxes 39-40 on your answer sheet.Which Two of the following statements are true according to Ekman’s theory？A No evidence shows animals have their own facial expressions.B Mind controls man’s facial expressions.C Facial expressions are concerning different cultures.D Different spots on face convey certain state of mind.E The definite relationship between facial expressions and state of mind exists28. misidentified29. emotions30. cultural background31. isolated32. exposed33. C34. A35. D36. H37. D38. B39. B40. D。
2019年8月雅思真题回忆及解析
2019年8月雅思真题回忆及解析梦想在前方，努力在路上。
对于考生来说，拿到证书就是我们向往的远方。
无忧考网搜集整理了2019年8月雅思真题回忆及解析，希望对大家有所帮助。
2019年8月举行了5场考试，时间分别为8月1日、8月10日、8月17日、8月24日、8月31日。
以下内容仅供参考。
8月1日雅思口语真题回忆：Part 1考题总结考题总结基本题NamesDo you like your names?Does your name have any special meaning?What kinds of names are popular in China?Are there many Chinese people who have the same names as you?Is there any tradition about naming babies?HometownWhere’s your hometown?Do you like it?What do you like most about it?What don’t you like about it?Are there any tourist attractions?Do you like to live beside the seaside?Study or workDo you work or study?What’s your major?Do you like it? Do you find it interesting?What work do you do?What do you find most difficult with your job/studies?Do you think your job/subject is easy or difficult?What are you planning to do in the future?Is salary important for work?AccommodationDo you live in a house or flat?Which part of your house do you like most?What’s the difference between an apartment and a house? Which do you prefer? What facilities are there in your neighborhood?What’s your favorite place in your home?Do you live with your family?娱乐题TravellingDo you like travelling?What kind of cities do you like to travel to?What is the best place you have been to?When was your last trip?When was the last time you took a taxi?OutdoorDo you prefer to be indoors or outdoors?Did you like to go outside when you were young?Did you often go over to your friends' house when you were young?Is it important for children to play outdoors?PhotosDo you like to take photos?Do you prefer to take photos yourself or to have other people take photos? How often do you take photos?In what situations do you take photos?How do you keep your photos?Do you like to take photos with your cellphone or camera?MoviesDo you watch movies?How often do you watch movies?What kind of movies do you like?Do you prefer to go to a movie alone or with others?Do you prefer to watch movies at home or in a cinema?MusicDo you like to listen to music?What kinds of music do you like?Have you been to a concert or live performance?What are the differences between listening to live music and from recordings? What kinds of music are popular in China?Is music an important subject at school in China?Public holidaysWhat public holidays do you have in your country?Do people in your country celebrate foreign festivals?What do you usually do during public holidays?What did you do during the last public holiday?Do you think public holidays are important?Why do we need public holidays?How many public holidays do you have in China?Do you think people need more public holidays?How do you usually spend your holidays?Which holiday is your favorite?PaintingWhat do you know about painting?Have you learned drawing or painting?Is it important to hang pictures at home?What kind of paintings do you like?If someone wants to draw a picture of you, will you agree?HandwritingDo you often write with a pen?Is your handwriting easy to read for other people?Do you like to receive cards with hand-written words?Can we tell someone’s personality from his or her handwriting? What’s the difference of writing with a pen and typing on a computer?CookingHave you ever cooked?Do you like cooking?Do you want to learn how to cook?Is it difficult to cook Chinese food for you?HolidayWhat kinds of places do you like to go on holiday?Who would you like to go on holiday with?Where do you plan to go for holidays in the future?SportsDo you like to watch sports on TV?Do you play any sports?Do you have a favourite sport star?What kinds of sport are popular in China?环境题GarbageWhy do some people throw garbage on the street?What do you do with garbage when you are on the street?How do you feel when you see people throw garbage on the street?Do you think your city is clean or not?The area you live inDo you like the area that you live in?What are some changes in the area recently?Do you know any famous people in your area?Where do you like to go in that area?Crowded placeWhat places do you think are often crowded?When was the last time you were in a crowed place?How do you feel when you are in crowded places?WeatherDo you prefer dry or wet weather?What kind of weather do you like most?What’s your favourite season?What kind of weather is typical in your hometown?SkyHow often do you look at the sky?Do you prefer the sky in the morning or the sky at night?Can you see the moon and stars at night where you live?Is there a good place to look at the sky where you live?Do you like to watch the sky?Have you learned any courses about stars or planets?Where is a good place to watch stars?What is the sky like at night in your hometown?What's your favorite star?CitiesDo you like the city you are living now?Which city have you been to recently?Do you prefer the city or the countryside?What kind of cities do you like?Which city do you want to go to?Park/gardenAre public parks very important in China?Are there many public gardens in China?Do you think there are enough public gardens or parks in your hometown? What do you think are the benefits of having gardens in the city?Why do people who live in cities like public gardens?休闲题Social networkWhy do you use social networking apps?How often do you use social networking applications?Do you think it is good to make friends online?What are the disadvantage of social networking apps?MarketDo you often go to the supermarket?What do street markets sell?Are there many street markets in China?What are the differences between street markets and supermarkets?PerfumeDo you use perfume?What kind of perfume do you like?Do you buy others perfume as gifts?Why do you buy perfume?ReadingHow often do you read?Do you have many books at home?Do you read books related to your profession?What do you usually read?What is your favorite type of book?Do Chinese people like to read?Do Chinese people do enough reading?Morning routineWhat do you do in the mornings?Is breakfast important?What is your morning routine?Do you like to get up early in the morning?Will you change your daily routine in the near future?SleepingHow many hours are you asleep for everyday?Is it necessary to take a nap everyday?Do old people sleep a lot? Why?What time do you usually go to bed?Do you always have a good sleep?Do you take naps at noon?Do you like to read before bed?How have your sleeping habits changed since you were young?LettersDo you write many letters?Do you prefer to write letters by hand or to use a computer?What do you usually write about?Is it hard to think of what to write?E-mailHow often do you write an E-Mail?Who do you write to?What kind of E-Mail do you receive that makes you happy?Do you think it’s importantly to reply E-Mails quickly?Which one is better to use, SMS or email?人类题Visiting relativesDo you often visit your relatives?What do you do when visiting relatives?When was the last time you visited a relative?Why do people visit their relatives?TeacherWhat kinds of teachers do you like best?Who was your favorite teacher when you were young?Would you want to be a teacher in the future?Have you ever had bad teachers before?StarWho is your favorite movie star?Are international superstars popular in your country?Have you ever met a celebrity/ superstar in real life?Do you want to be a superstar?另类题Borrow or lend somethingHave you ever borrowed books from others?Have you ever borrowed money from others?Do you like to lend things to others?How do you feel when people don't return things they borrowed from you? Is borrowing money okay for you?SmileDo you like to smile?When do people smile at others?Do you smile when people take pictures of you?Can you recognize a fake smile?PlanDo you make plans every day?Are you good at managing your time?What is the latest plan you made?What is the hardest part about making plans?MathDo you think mathematics is important?Do you think it's difficult to learn math well?Are girls generally good at math?Do you often use a calculator?TransportationHow did you come here today?Why did you choose that form of transport?What form of transport do you usually use?Do you usually take the bus?Is it convenient to take a bus/taxi in your city?Is driving to work popular in your country?Drink waterHow often do you drink water?What kinds of water do you like to drink?Do you drink bottled water or water from machine?SharingDo you have anything to share with others recently?Did your presents teach you to share when you were a child? What kind of things do you like to share with others?What kind of things are not suitable for sharing?PatienceWere you patient when you were young?How do you feel when other people are not patient?Were you less or more patient when you were angry?PetAre there many people keeping pets in China?Have you ever had a pet when you were young?What pet will you keep if you want?Tea and coffeeDo Chinese people like to drink tea or coffee?Do you prepare tea or coffee for the guests at home?When was the last time you drank tea or coffee?SunglassesDo you like to wear sunglasses?Where can you buy sunglasses?Do people in your country wear sunglasses?ColorWhat’s your favourite color?Do you like dark colors?Are there any colors you dislike?Do you usually wear clothes in your favourite color?ShoesHow often do you buy shoes?Have you ever bought shoes online?Do you know anyone who likes to buy a lot of shoes?What’s your favourite type of shoes?Save moneyDid you save money when you were young?Have you ever given money to other children?Do you think parents should teach children to save money? Do parents give children pocket money in China?GiftsHow often do you buy other gifts?Why do people send gifts?Do you like to send expensive gifts?What kinds of gifts are popular in China?Part 2考题总结考题总结人类题1.A person who made you laugh happily when you were a child2.A person who helps others3.Someone who speaks a foreign language well4.A person who encouraged you to achieve a goal5.A person who has interesting ideas or opinions6.A foreign celebrity you want to meet in person7.Your favorite singer or band8.A person you have seen who is beautiful or handsome9.A person who helps to protect the environment10.An interesting person you would like to meet.11.A childhood friend of yours.12.A teenager you know.13.Someone who is talkative.14.An interesting animal.15.A popular comic actor/actress in your country.地点题16.A park/garden you like visiting17.A beautiful city18.A newly built public facility (such as parks, cinemas etc.) That influences your city19.An indoor or outdoor place where it was easy for you to study20.A place you plan to travel to that is far away from your home21.An interesting part of your country.22.A building you like.23.A quiet place you found.物件题24.Something special you took home from a tourist attraction25.A prize you want to win26.A piece of clothing you like wearing27.A historical building you have been to28.An advertisement you remember well29.A present you received which was made by hand30.Something lost by others but found by you31.An item you bought but do not often use32.Something given to you that you really need33.Something you made that you gave to other people34.A film or TV program that made you laugh35.The last book you read.36.A skill that took you a long time to learn.37.Something important that you lost in the past.38.Something you own that you want to replace.39.A favourite song of yours.经验体验题40.A time a child made you laugh41.An occasion when you invite your family or friends to dinner42.Something you do to stay healthy43.A success you friend has achieved44.An occasion when you got incorrect information45.A practical skill you learned46.An unusual experience of travelling47.An experience that you went out with your friends and had a good time48.A time you borrowed something from your friends or family49.An occasion when you got up early50.A time that you give advice to others51.An experience that the vehicle you took broke down in your travel52.An experience that you received a call from someone you do not know in the public place53.A success your friend has achieved.54.A piece of good news you heard(from TV or the Internet)55.An occasion when you were scared.56.An activity you would do when you are alone in your free time.57.A time that you looked for information from the Internet.58.A time you solved a problem through the internet59.A party that you joined.60.An interesting talk or lecture.61.An occasion when you helped a person.62.A time when you had some medicine.63.A complaint that you made and you were satisfied with the result.64.A game that you played in your childhood.65.A happy experience you had before.66.Something that can help you concentrate.67.Something interesting that your friend has done but you haven’t done.68.A trip that you went on by public transportation.69.A time that you had to change your plan/you changed your mind.文娱类70.A family business you know71.A historical period you would like to know72.A sport that you have watched (on TV) before and you want to try73.A water sport you would like to try in the future74.A language you want to learn (not English)75.A time that a piece of equipment of yours was broken (such as TV).76.A competition you want to take part in.77.A good law in your country.78.A party that you joined.79.A website you like to visit.本次考试考题精选范例解析Do you think it is good to make friends online?Analysis: 上网交朋友的有利原因可以从便利性出发，可以阐明上网交友的优点或描述一些细节，或者可以再加自己的感受就可以了；另外需注意用一般现在式。
2019-剑桥八阅读答案-实用word文档 (11页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==剑桥八阅读答案篇一：剑桥雅思8真题及解析Test1阅读目录剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test1Passage1 ....................................................... .. (2)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test1Passage2 ....................................................... .. (7)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test1Passage3 ....................................................... (12)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test1Passage1体裁主要内容：由古及今介绍计时的历史。
说明文A 段 :介绍古巴比伦人的计时方法。
B 段 :月亮对于历法计时的社会重要性。
C 段 :介绍古埃及人的计时方法。
结构D 段 :形形色色的计时器陆续出现,尽管并不完美。
E 段 :机械计时器引发各国最终统一校准开始时间。
F 段 :介绍最早的重力驱动机械钟。
G 段 :机械钟的进一步改良,并成为最早的座钟。
H 段 :今天的计时器。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：Questions 1-4● 题型归类 :Matching 本题解题时可先划出题目中的关键词,然后迅速回到文章寻找其同义替换后的对应词。
其间可大致通过题目中的关键词猜测其在文章的位置与段落特点。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：Questions 5-8● 题型归类 :Matching 本题为两部分匹配题。
可先划出句子中关键词,然后根据题目中需名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：Questions 9-13?● 题型归类 :Diagram通过题目中的时间标志(1670 年)可迅速定位到文章 G 段。
2019年雅思考试阅读理解练习试题及答案
2019年雅思考试阅读理解练习试题及答案★Study Finds Web Antifraud Measure IneffectivePublished： February 5, 2007 New York Times1. Internet security experts have long known that simple passwords do not fully defend online bank accounts from determined fraud artists. Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection.2.The study, produced jointly by researchers at Harvard andthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology, looked at a technology called site-authentication images. In the system, currently used by financial institutions like Bank of America, ING Direct and Vanguard, online banking customers are askedto select an image, like a dog or chess piece, that they will see every time they log in to their account.3.The idea is that if customers do not see their image, they could be at a fraudulent Web site, dummied up to look liketheir bank's, and should not enter their passwords.4.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers tested that hypothesis. In October, they brought 67 Bank of America customers in the Boston area into a controlled environment and asked them to conduct routine online banking activities, like looking up account balances. But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images.5.Of 60 participants who got that far into the study and whose results could be verified, 58 entered passwords anyway. Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns.6. "The premise is that site-authentication images increase security because customers will not enter their passwords if they do not see the correct image," said Stuart Schechter, a computer scientist at the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory. "From the study we learned that the premise is right less than 10 percent of the time."7.He added： "If a bank were to ask me if they should deploy it, I would say no, wait for something better," he said.8.The system has some high-power supporters in the financial services world, many trying to comply with new online banking regulations. In 2005, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, an interagency body of federal banking regulators, determined that passwords alone did not effectively thwart intruders like identity thieves.9.It issued new guidelines, asking financial Web sites tofind better ways for banks and customers to identify each other online. January 2007 was set as the compliance date, though the council has yet to begin enforcing the mandate.10.Banks immediately knew what they did not want to do： ask customers to download new security software, or carry around hardware devices that feed them PIN codes they can use to authenticate their identities. Both solutions would add an extra layer of security but, the banks believed, detract from the convenience of online banking.11.The image system, introduced in 2004 by a Silicon Valley firm called PassMark Security, offered banks a pain-free addition to their security arsenals. Bank of America was among the first to adopt it, in June 2005, under the brand name SiteKey, asking its 21 million Web site users to select an image from thousands of possible choices and to choose a unique phrase they would see every time they logged in.12.SiteKey "gives our customers a fairly easy way of authenticating the Bank of America Web site," said Sanjay Gupta, an e-commerce executive at the bank. "It was very well received."13.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers, however, found that most online banking customers did not notice when the SiteKey images were absent. When respondents logged in during the。
2019年8月10日雅思阅读考试真题及解析
2019年8月10日雅思阅读考试真题及解析上周六完成了最新一期的雅思考试，那么大家对自己的考试分数有没有信心呢？和来一起看看2019年8月10日雅思阅读考试真题及解析。
一、考题解析P1 芭蕾P2 潮汐能P3 IT公司选址二、名师点评1. 本次考试难度整体简单。
2. 整体分析：涉及发展史类（P1）、科学类（P2）、商业类（P3）本场考试题型整体偏细节题型，配对题行较少，第一篇共两个题型（判断和填空），定位明显，逻辑清晰，简单易懂；第二篇文章为旧题，话题比较陌生，好在题型定位明显，并无太大理解障碍；第三篇为新题，，共两个题型，说明性质文体，但话题不够熟悉，行文方式学术化较强，难度略高。
3. 主要题型：本次考试配对题型比例较低，主要出现在第二篇中，细节题偏多，尤其是判断与填空题型占主要，故对考生来说，要求快速定位能力。
4. 文章分析：第一篇文章主要介绍芭蕾舞的发展历程；第二篇文章讲述科学家利用海洋潮汐，为人类提供能量来源，例如发电等；第三篇介绍IT公司选择公司地址时需要考虑的因素；5. 部分答案及参考文章：Passage 1：题型：判断6+填空 7Until 1689，ballet in Russia was nonexistent. The Tsarist control and isolationism in Russia allowed for little influence from the West. It wasn＇t until the rise of Peter the Great that Russiansociety opened up to the West. St. Petersburg was erected to embrace the West and compete against Moscow’s isolationism. Peter the Great created a new Russia which rivaled the society of the West with magnificent courts and palaces. His vision was to challenge the west. Classical ballet entered the realm of Russia not as entertainment，but as a “standard of physical comportment to be emulated and internalized-an idealized way of behaving. The aim was not to entertain the masses of Russians，but to create a cultivated and new Russian people.Empress Anna，（1730 –1740）was devoted to ostentatious amusements （balls， fireworks， tableaux）， and in the summer of 1734 ordered the appointment of Jean-Baptiste Landé as dancing-master in the military academy she had founded in 1731 for sons of the nobility. In 1738， he became ballet master and head of the new ballet school， launching the advanced study of ballet in Russia， and winning the patronage of elite families.France provided many leaders such as Charles Didelot in St Petersburg （1801-1831），Jules Perrot（1848-1859）and Arthur Saint-Léon （1859-69）.In the early 19th century， the theaters were opened up to anyone who could afford a ticket. A seating section called a rayok，or ＇paradise gallery＇， consisted of simple wooden benches. This allowed non-wealthy people access to the ballet， because tickets in this section were inexpensive.One author describes the Imperial ballet as “unlike that of any other country in the world…the most prestigious of the ballet troupes were those attached to the state-supported theatres. The directors of these companies were personally appointed by the tsar， and all the dancers were， in a sense， Imperial servants.In the theatre，the men in the audience always remained standing until the tsar entered his box and，out of respect，after the performance they remained in their places until he had departed. Curtain calls were arranged according to a strict pattern： first，the ballerina bowed to the tsar’s box， then to that of the theater director， and finally to the general public1. T2. F3. NG4. T5. T6. F7. theater8. win worldwide popularity9. dance and dress10. ？11. successful publication12. director13. comic技巧分析：本文并未出现配对题型，考生应尽可能利用定位法找出答案，细节题型同时出现，考生可以根据顺序原则快速定位答案范围，同时留意三个题型间的关系，如处在中间的判断题，可以根据单选的最后一题出现的位置向后找，可以提高效率；做选择题时需要注意巧妙利用排除法，找出最合适的答案；最后需要注意多选题答案一般涉及文章一部分，根据其出现的位置，可以从文章结尾向前找答案，节省时间。
2019年7月20日雅思阅读考试真题及答案
2019年7月20日雅思阅读考试真题及答案最近的雅思考试难度越来越大，真题是大家主要参考的内容，那么7月20号的考试是怎样的呢？今天就跟着一起来看看2019年7月20日雅思阅读考试真题及答案。
P1 Solving an Arctic Mystery 北极科考船（2014.10.25旧题）文章主旨：对北极科考船失踪事件的调查。
包含判断7，填空6参考答案：判断1-4：1. TRUE2. NOT GIVEN3. FALSE4. FALSE5. NOT GIVEN6. FALSE7.TRUE填空8-13：8. geology9. sonar10. manufactured11.water12.engines13.stories参考原文：TORONTO （AP）- One of two British explorer ships that disappeared in the Arctic more 160 years ago has been found，Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced Tuesday. The HMS Erebus and HMS Terror were last seen in the late 1840s. Canada announced in 2008 that it would search for the ships ledby British Arctic explorer Sir John Franklin.Harper， speaking in Ottawa， said it remains unclear which ship has been found，but images show there＇s enough information to confirm it＇s one of the pair.Franklin and 128 hand-picked officers and men vanished on an expedition begun in 1845 to find the fabled Northwest Passage. Franklin＇s disappearance prompted one of history＇s largest and longest rescue searches， from 1848 to 1859， which resulted in the passage＇s discovery.The route runs from the Atlantic to the Pacific through the Arctic archipelago. European explorers sought the passage as a shorter route to Asia， but found it rendered inhospitable by ice and weather.＂This is truly a historic moment for Canada，＂ said Harper，who was beaming， uncharacteristically. ＂This has been a great Canadian story and mystery and the subject of scientists，historians，writers and singers so I think we really have an important day in mapping the history of our country.＂Harper＇s government began searching for Franklin＇s ships as it looked to assert Canada＇s sovereignty over the Northwest Passage，where melting Arctic ice has unlocked the very shipping route Franklin was after.The original search for the ships helped open up parts of the Canadian Arctic for discovery back in the 1850s. Harper said the ship was found Sunday using a remotely operated underwater vehicle. The discovery comes shortly after a team of archeologists found a tiny fragment from the Franklin expedition. Searchers discovered an iron fitting that once helped support a boat from one of the doomed expedition＇s ships in the King William Island search area.Franklin＇s vessels are among the most sought-after prizes in marine archaeology. Harper said the discovery would shed light on what happened to Franklin＇s crew.Tantalizing traces have been found over the years，including the bodies of three crewmen discovered in the 1980s.The bodies of two English seamen - John Hartnell， 25， and Royal Marine William Braine， 33 - were exhumed in 1986. An expedition uncovered the perfectly preserved remains of a petty officer， John Torrington， 20， in an ice-filled coffin in 1984.Experts believe the ships were lost in 1848 after they became locked in the ice near King William Island and that the crews abandoned them in a hopeless bid to reach safety.The search for an Arctic passage to Asia frustrated explorers for centuries，beginning with John Cabot＇s voyage in 1497. Eventually it became clear that a passage did exist， but was too far north for practical use. Cabot， the Italian-British explorer，died in 1498 while trying to find it and the shortcut eluded other famous explorers including Henry Hudson and Francis Drake. No sea crossing was successful until Roald Amundsen of Norway completed his trip from 1903-1906.P2 蜂王（英文标题待补充）文章主旨：待补充参考答案：待补充参考原文：待补充P3 Nature works for Nature Works™PLA新型塑料（2017.10.14旧题）文章主旨：对一种新型塑料的特性的介绍参考答案：判断27-30：27. B28. C29. F30. A填空（流程图）31-34：31. starch32. fermentation33. condensation34. polymer单选35-38：35. B36. C37. A38. D单选39-40：39. A40. C参考原文：AA dozen years ago，scientists at Cargill got the idea of converting lactic acid made from corn into plastic while examining possible new uses for materials produced from corn wet milling processes. In the past，several efforts had been made to develop plastics from lactic acid，but with limited success. Achieving this technological breakthrough didn’t come easily， but in time the efforts did succeed. A fermentation and distillation process using com was designed to create a polymersuitable for a broad variety of applications.BAs an agricultural based firm， Cargill had taken this product as far as it could by 1997. The company needed a partner with access to plastics markets and polymerization capabilities， and began discussions with The Dow Chemical Company. The next step was the formation of the joint venture that created Cargill Dow LLC. Cargill Dow’s product is the world’s first commercially available plastic made from annually renewable resources such as com：Nature Works™ PLA is a family of packaging polymers （carbon-based molecules）made from non-petroleum based resources.Ingeo is a family of polymers for fibers made in a similar manner.CBy applying their unique technology to the processing of natural plant sugars，Cargill Dow has created a more environmentally friendly material that reaches the consumer in clothes，cups，packaging and other products. While Cargill Dow is a stand-alone business，it continues to leverage the agricultural processing， manufacturing and polymer expertise of the two parent companies in order to bring the best possible products to market.DThe basic raw materials for PLA are carbon dioxide and water. Growing plants， like com take these building blocks from the atmosphere and the soil. They are combined in the plant to make carbohydrates （sucrose and starch） through a process driven by photosynthesis. The process for making Nature Works PLA begins when a renewable resource such as corn is milled，separating starch from the raw material. Unrefined dextrose， inturn， is processed from the starch.ECargill Dow turns the unrefined dextrose into lactic acid using a fermentation process similar to that used by beer and wine producers. This is the same lactic acid that is used as a food additive and is found in muscle tissue in the human body. Through a special condensation process，a lactide is formed. This lactide is purified through vacuum distillation and becomes a polymer （the base for NatureWorks PLA） that is ready for use through a solvent-free melt process. Development of this new technology allows the company to “harvest” the carbon that living plants remove from the air through photosynthesis. Carbon is stored in plant starches，which can be broken down into natural plant sugars. The carbon and other elements in these natural sugars are then used to make NatureWorks PLA.FNature Works PLA fits all disposal systems and is fully compostable in commercial composting facilities. With the proper infrastructure， products made from this polymer can be recycled back to a monomer and re-used as a polymer. Thus， at the end of its life cycle， a product made from Nature Works PLA can be broken down into its simplest parts so that no sign of it remains.GPLA is now actively competing with traditional materials in packaging and fiber applications throughout the world； based on the technology’s success and promise，Cargill Dow is quickly becoming a premier player in the polymers market. This new polymer now competes head-on with petroleum-based materials like polyester. A wide range of products that vary inmolecular weight and crystallinity can be produced，and the blend of physical properties of PLA makes it suited for a broad range of fiber and packaging applications. Fiber and non-woven applications include clothing，fiberfill，blankets and wipes. Packaging applications include packaging films and food and beverage containers.HAs Nature Works PLA polymers are more oil- and grease-resistant and provide a better flavor and aroma barrier than existing petroleum-based polymers，grocery retailers are increasingly using this packaging for their fresh foods. As companies begin to explore this family of polymers，more potential applications are being identified. For example，PLA possess two properties that are particularly useful for drape fabrics and window furnishings. Their resistance to ultraviolet light is particularly appealing as this reduces the amount of fading in such fabrics， and their refractive index is low， which means fabrics constructed from these polymers can be made with deep colors without requiring large amounts of dye. In addition， sportswear makers have been drawn to the product as it has an inherent ability to take moisture away from the skin and when blended with cotton and wool， the result is garments that are lighter and better at absorbing moisture.IPLA combines inexpensive large-scale fermentation with chemical processing to produce a value-added polymer product that improves the environment as well. The source material for PLA is a natural sugar found in plants such as com and using such renewable feedstock presents several environmental benefits. As an alternative to traditional petroleum-based polymers，theproduction of PLA uses 20%-50% less fossil fuel and releases a lower amount of greenhouse gasses than comparable petroleumbased plastic；carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is removed when the feedstock is grown and is returned to the earth when the polymer is degraded. Because the company is using raw materials that can be regenerated year after year， it is both cost competitive and environmentally responsible.。
2019年雅思阅读理解精选试题及答案汇总10道题
2019年雅思阅读理解精选试题及答案卷面总分：100分答题时间：50分钟试卷题量：10题一、问答题（共10题，共100分）1.Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes SenseA. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry’s greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, on his firm’s website under the unassuming title “Thoughts on Music” has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple’s DRM system, called FairPlay, is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished.B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in” customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling), any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm, such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals, the company warne d of “state-sponsored piracy”. Only DRM, it implied, could keep the pirates at bay.C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM: the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation. So, he suggests, why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected? “This is clearly the best alternative for consumers,” he declares, “and Apple would embrace it in a heartbeat.”D. Why the sudden change of heart? Mr Jobs seems chiefly concerned with getting Europe’s regulators off his back. Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, “those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.” Two and a half of the four big record companies, he helpfully points out, are European-owned. Mr Jobs also hopes to paint himself as a consumer champion. Apple resents accusations that it has become the Microsoft of digital music.E. Apple can afford to embrace open competition in music players and online stores. Consumers would gravitate to the best player and the best store, and at the moment that still means Apple’s. Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today, he notes. (And even the protected tracks can be burned onto a CD and then re-ripped.) So Apple’s dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related “lock in”.F. The music giants are trying DRM-free downloads. Lots of smaller labels already sell music that way. Having seen which way the wind is blowing, Mr Jobs now wants to be seen not as DRM’s defender, but as a consumer champion who helped in its downfall. Wouldn’t it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most. Mr Jobs’s argument, in short, is transparently self-serving. It also happens to be right.Notes to Reading Passage 11. low-key:抑制的，受约束的，屈服的2. showman:开展览会的人, 出风头的人物3. unassuming:谦逊的, 不夸耀的, 不装腔作势的4. iPod：(苹果公司出产的)音乐播放器5. iTunes store：(苹果公司出产的)在线音乐商店6. get off pe rson’s back:不再找某人的麻烦，摆脱某人的纠缠7. gravitate:受吸引，倾向于8. unfazed:不再担忧，不被打扰Questions 1-7Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?Write your answer in Boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossbile to say what the writer thinks about this1. Apple enjoys a controlling position in digital music market with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.2. DRM is a government decree issued with a purpose to protect downloaded music from theft by consumers.3. Lack of standardization in DRM makes songs bought for one kind of music player may not function on another.4. Apple has been criticized by European regulators since it has refused to grant a license FairPlay to other firms.5. All music can be easily played on non-iPod music devices from Sony or Microsoft without too much fiddling.6. Apple depends far more on DRM rather than branding for its dominance of the digital music devices.7. If DRM was cancelled, Sony would certainly dominate the international digital music market.Questions 8-10Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 8-10 on your answe sheet.8. Which of the following statements about Mr. Jobs’ idea of DRM is NOT TRUE?A. DRM places restrictions on consumer’ choice of digital music products available.B. DRM comples iTunes buyers to switch to a device made by Sony or Microsoft.C. DRM constitutes a barrier for potential consumers to enter digital music markets.D. DRM hinders development of more stores and players and technical innovation.9. The word “unfazed” in line 3 of paragraph E, means___________.A. refusedB. welcomedC. not botheredD. not well received10. Which of the following statements is TRUE if DRM was scapped?A. Sony would gain the most profit.B. More customers would be “locked in”.C. A sudden increase in piracy would occur.D. Online-music sales would probably decrease.Questions 11-14Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Mr. Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, explains the reason why he used to defend DRM, saying that the company was forced to do so: the record companies would make their music accessible to …11...only if they agreed to protect it using DRM; they can still…12…if the DRM system is compromised. He also provides the reason why Apple did not license FairPlay to others: the company relies on them to …13….But now he changes his mind with a possible expectation that Europe’s regulators would not trouble him any more in the future. He proposes that those who are unsatisfactory with the current situation in digital music market should …14… towards persuade the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.正确答案：1. TRUESee the second sentence in Paragraph A “… the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunesmusic-store.”2. FALSESee the third sentence in Paragraph A “…At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft.”3. TRUESee the fourth sentence in Parag raph A “Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another.”4. TRUESee the second sentence in Paragraph B “It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in” customers.”5. NOT GIVENThe third sentence in Paragaph B only mentions music from the iTunes store, nothing about that of Sony or Microsoft. “Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling).”6. FALSESee the last sentence in Paragraph E “So Apple’s dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related “lock in”.7. NOT GIVENSee the fourth sentence in Paragraph F only mentions music generally, no particular information about business prospect of Sony “Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility.”8. BSee the fourth sentence of Paragraph C “All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation.”9. CSee the third sentence of Paragraph E and the context “Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today.”10. ASee the last four sentences of Paragraph F “Wouldn’t it l ead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most.”11. the iTunes storeSee the second sentence of Paragraph C “They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM.”12. withdraw their cataloguesSee the third sentence of Paragraph C “They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised.”13. produce security fixesSee the fourth sentence of Paragraph C “Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly.”14. redirect their energiesSee the second sentence of Paragraph D “Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, “those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.”2.new weapon to fight cancer1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour’s pioneering techniques.4. One of the country’s leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. "In principle, you’ve got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy," he said.5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body’s local immune system. "If a cancer doesn’t do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses findthem a very good place to be because there’s no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer’s Achilles’ heel."6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. "They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process," said Prof Seymour.7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. "It’s an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we’ve had before."8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.9. Prof Seymour’s innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body’s i mmune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body’s immune system destroying them on the way.10. "What we’ve done is make chemical modifications to the virus to puta polymer coat around it - it’s a stealth virus when you inject it," he said.11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body’s immune system.12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. "There’s an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases," said Prof Seymour.13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. Forsafety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminatingside-effects.2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.Question 7-9Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.rmation about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found(A) on TV(B) in magazines(C) on internet(D) in newspapers8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to(A) change the body’ immune system(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.(C) increase the amount of injection(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.Questions 10-13Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic thanthe ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers正确答案：1.答案：FALSE (见第2段：If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。
2019年解读剑桥雅思8中的阅读部分-范文word版 (1页)
2019年解读剑桥雅思8中的阅读部分-范文word版本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==解读剑桥雅思8中的阅读部分今天详细突破剑8之 Test 1之 Passage 1。
首先浏览题目，留下总体印象是：一共有三种题型，前两个题型是Matching 题，而最后一个是填图题。
然后进行分析，最后的填图题型，应该可以一眼判断是小段落的信息填空，不需要畏惧，顺着文章读下去，水到自然会渠成。
而比较棘手的是前两个 Matching 题型，1-4题是 InformationContained 题，而5-8题则属于 Traditional Matching 题，二者都是乱序的。
再次确定和辨析完 Matching 题目的属性后，大家不禁心里多少会有些紧张吧。
因为这类乱序的题目的确是比较棘手。
但无论形式如何复杂，只要一步步按部就班的划出 Key Words ，再回原文定位，一切题目都是可以解决的。
小贴士：所谓划出 Key Words ，就是找出题目中的重要信息点，使题干一目了然，最重要的还是确定了 Key Words 之后，能够顺利地返回原文进行定位，从而顺利解题。
在此，小编就拙劣地给出一些自己的解题思路吧：1. KWs ： cold temperature ;与第4段中的 freezing weather 信息点相对应2. KWs ： farming communities ;与第2段中的 agriculture 信息点相对应。
小编在此还要罗嗦几句。
这题，小编自己也做错了，错误地定位到了第1段中的 regulate planting and harvesting 。
剑桥8真题阅读解析
剑桥雅思8-第三套试题-阅读部分-P A S S A G E1-阅读真题原文部分:R E A D I N G P A S S A G E 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 b e l o w.Striking Back at Lightning With LasersSeldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt's most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site in Florida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States' power grid from lightning strikes. 'We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets, ' says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightningprojects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.Bad behaviourBut while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1, 200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. 'Lightning is not perfectly well behaved, ' says Bernstein. 'Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn't supposed to go. ' And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? 'What goes up must come down, ' points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500, 000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky. The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by. Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun)would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no nifty portable: it's a monster that takes up a whole room. Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the sizeof a small table is in the offing. He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.Bernstein says that Diels's system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper. 'I cannot say I have money yet, but I'm working on it, ' says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he's hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts 'an avalanche of interest and support' if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing 100, 000 each.Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning 'switch' at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter. Diels also hopes to see the birth of 'interactive meteorology' - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it. 'If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather, ' he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we'll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces. 'We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning, ' he says. Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms.A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.Questions 1-3Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.1 The main topic discussed in the text isA the damage caused to US golf courses and golf players by lightning strikes.B the effect of lightning on power supplies in the US and in Japan.C a variety of methods used in trying to control lightning strikes.D a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes.2 According to the text, every year lightningA does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms.B kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States.C kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world.D damages more than 100 American power companies.3 Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New MexicoA receive funds from the same source.B are using the same techniques.C are employed by commercial companies.D are in opposition to each other.Questions 4-6Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-6 on your answer sheet.4 EPRI receives financial support from………………………….5 The advantage of the technique being developed by Diels is that it can be used……………… .6 The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its……………….Questions 7-10Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.In this method, a laser is used to create a line of ionisation by removing electrons from7 …………………………. This laser is then directed at 8 ………………………… in order to control electrical charges, a method which is less dangerous than using 9 …………………………. As a protection for the lasers, the beams are aimed firstly at 10………………………….Questions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this11 Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.12 Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.13 Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels's system.READING PASSAGE 1篇章结构解题地图难度系数：★★★解题顺序：按题目顺序解答即可友情提示：烤鸭们注意：本文中的SUMMARY题目顺序有改变，解题要小心；MULTIPLE CHOICE的第三题是个亮点，爱浮想联翩的烤鸭们可能会糊掉。
2019年9月28日雅思阅读考试真题及答案
2019年9月28日雅思阅读考试真题及答案昨天刚刚结束了最新一期的雅思考试，大家有没有被难倒呢？接下来就跟着来看一看2019年9月28日雅思阅读考试真题及答案。
Passage1：希腊硬币Greek coinage参考答案：1. 希腊coin早在3000年就出现了=F2. T3. Sparta地区侵略Athens并强制Athens用他们的货币=F4. Great coins在整个欧洲流传=F5. Persian 入侵了Lydia并且使用人家的硬币=T6. 用硬币上的头像来奖励做出杰出贡献的人=NG7. mint8. stamps9. anvil10. reserve dies11. 希腊硬币的重量至少=0.15g12. 硬币的图案=the king的头像13. 希腊被波斯征服之前的花纹是lion and doil14. coin 在雅典被称为 owlPassage2：悉尼交通标识Street markers in SydneyPassage3： Musical Maladies参考答案：A. Music and the brain are both endlessly fascinating subjects，and as a neuroscientist specializing in auditory learning and memory， I find them especially intriguing. So I had high expectations of Musicophilia，the latest offering from neurologist and prolific author Oliver Sacks. And I confess to feeling a little guilty reporting that my reactions to the book are mixed.B. Sacks himself is the best part of Musicophilia. He richly documents his own life in the book and reveals highly personal experiences. The photograph of him>C. The preface gives a good idea of what the book will deliver. In it Sacks explains that he wants to convey the insights gleaned from the enormous and rapidly growing body of work>complex and often bizarre disorders to which these are prone.＂He also stresses the importance of the simple art of observation＂ and the richness of the human context. He wants to combine observation and description with the latest in technology，” he says，and to imaginatively enter into the experience of his patients and subjects. The reader can see that Sacks，who has been practicing neurology for 40 years，is torn between the old-fashioned path of observation and the new-fangled， high-tech approach： He knows that he needs to take heed of the latter，but his heart lies with the former.D. The book consists mainly of detailed descriptions of cases，most of them involving patients whom Sacks has seen in his practice. Brief discussions of contemporary neuroscientific reports are sprinkled liberally throughout the text. Part I，Haunted by Music，＂begins with the strange case of Tony Cicoria， a nonmusical，middle-aged surgeon who was consumed by a love of music after being hit by lightning. He suddenly began to crave listening to piano music， which he had never cared for in the past. He started to play the piano and then to compose music， which arose spontaneously in his mind in a torrent of notes. How could this happen？Was I the cause psychological？（He had had a near-death experience when the lightning struck him.） Or was it the direct result of a change in the auditory regions of his cerebral cortex？Electro-encephalography （EEG） showed his brain waves to be normal in the mid-1990s，just after his trauma and subsequent conversion to music. There are now more sensitive tests，but Cicoria has declined to undergo them；he does not want to delve into the causes of his musicality. What a shame！E. Part II，“A Range of Musicality，” covers a wider variety of topics，but unfortunately， some of the chapters offer little or nothing that is new. For example， chapter 13， which is five pages long，merely notes that the blind often have better hearing than the sighted. The most interesting chapters are those that present the strangest cases. Cha pter 8 is about “ amusia，” an inability to hear sounds as music，and “dysharmonia，”a highly specific impairment of the ability to hear harmony， with the ability to understand melody left intact. Such specific dissociations are found throughout the cases Sacks recounts.F. To Sacks＇s credit， part III，＂Memory， Movement and Music，＂brings us into the underappreciated realm of music therapy. Chapter 16 explains how ＂melodic intonation therapy＂is being used to help expressive aphasic patients （those unable to express their thoughts verbally following a stroke or other cerebral incident）>G. To readers who are unfamiliar with neuroscience and music behavior，Musicophilia may be something of a revelation. But the book will not satisfy those seeking the causes and implications of the phenomena Sacks describes. For>appears to be more at ease discussing patients than discussing experiments. And he tends to be rather uncritical in accepting scientific findings and theories.H. It＇s true that the causes of music-brain oddities remain poorly understood. However， Sacks could have done more to draw out some of the implications of the careful observationsthat he and other neurologists have made and of the treatments that have been successful. For example， he might have noted that the many specific dissociations among components of music comprehension， such as loss of the ability to perceive harmony but not melody， indicate that there is no music center in the brain. Because many people who read the book are likely to believe in the brain localization of all mental functions， this was a missed educational opportunity.I. Another conclusion>patient. Treatments mentioned seem to be almost exclusively antiepileptic medications，which ＂damp down＂the excitability of the brain in general；their effectiveness varies widely.J. Finally， in many of the cases described here the patient with music-brain symptoms is reported to have ＂normal＂ EEG results. Although Sacks recognizes the existence of new technologies， among them far more sensitive ways to analyze brain waves than the standard neurological EEG test， he does not call for their use. In fact， although he exhibits the greatest compassion for patients， he conveys no sense of urgency about the pursuit of new avenues in the diagnosis and treatment of music-brain disorders. This absence echoes the book＇s preface，in which Sacks expresses fear that the simple art of observation may be lost＂ if we rely too much on new technologies. He does call for both approaches， though， and we can only hope that the neurological community will respond.27-30：B C A A31-36：YES NG NO NG YES NO37-40：F B A D。
2019年12月12日雅思阅读考试真题答案
2019年12月12日雅思阅读考试真题答案上周完成的雅思考试，大家考得怎么样呢？难度大不大呢？来一起了解一下吧。
为大家准备了2019年12月12日雅思阅读考试真题答案。
Passage 1英国电影Passage 2动物是否会有记忆passage 3The Future of the World’s LanguageOf the world’s 6，500 living languages， about half of them are expected to be extinct. Most of the world’s languages are spoken by a 27________ of people. However， Professor Turin set up a project WOLP to prevent 28_________ of the languages. The project provides the community with 29______ to enable people to record their endangered languages. The oral tradition has great cultural 30_______. An important 31_______ between languages spoken by few people and languages with celebrated written documents existed in many communities.27. D. minority28. J. disappearance29. C. funding30. B. significance31. F. difference32. F Turin argued that anthropologists and linguists usually think carefully before selecting an area to research.33. NG Turin concluded that the Thangmi language had few similarities with other languages.34. T Turin has written that 1000-page document wasinappropriate for Thangmi community.35. NG Some Nepalese school lack resources to devote to language teaching.五道单选（第二道单选有提示定位在第九段）36. A. He compares the methods of research into languages37. A. Forces driving people to believe endangered languages can survive.38. D. It has chance to succeed to protect the endangered languages.39. B. Globalisation has both advantages and disadvantages40. C. Keep up with the modern society without losing their language.。
剑桥雅思阅读8原文翻译及答案解析（test1）
剑桥雅思阅读8原文翻译及答案解析(test1)雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头，需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。
下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读4test1原文翻译及答案解析，希望可以帮助到大家。
剑桥雅思阅读8原文(test1)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.A Chronicle of TimekeepingOur conception of time depends on the way we measure itA According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting. They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.B Before the invention of artificial light, the moon had greater social impact. And, for those living near the equator in particular, its waxing and waning was more conspicuous than the passing of the seasons. Hence, the calendars that were developed at the lower latitudes were influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year. In more northern climes, however, where seasonal agriculture was practised, the solar year became more crucial. As the Roman Empire expanded northward, it organised its activity chart for the most part around the solar year.C Centuries before the Roman Empire, the Egyptians had formulated a municipal calendar having 12 months of 30 days, with five days added to approximate the solar year. Each period of ten days was marked by the appearance of special groups of stars called decans. At the rise of the star Sirius just before sunrise, which occurred around the all-important annual flooding of the Nile, 12 decans could be seen spanning the heavens. The cosmic significance the Egyptians placed in the 12 decans led them to develop a system in which each interval of darkness (and later, each interval of daylight) was divided into a dozen equal parts. These periods became known as temporal hours because their duration varied according to the changing length of days and nights with the passing of the seasons. Summer hours were long, winter ones short; only at the spring and autumn equinoxes were the hours of daylight and darkness equal. Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans, who disseminated them through Europe, remained in use for more than 2,500 years.D In order to track temporal hours during the day, inventors created sundials, which indicate time by the length or direction of the sun's shadow. The sundial's counterpart, the water clock, was designed to measure temporal hours at night. One of the first water clocks was a basin with a small hole near the bottom through which the water dripped out. The falling water level denoted the passing hour as it dipped below hour lines inscribed on the inner surface. Although these devices performed satisfactorily around the Mediterranean, they could not always be depended on in the cloudy and often freezing weather of northern Europe.E The advent of the mechanical clock meant that although itcould be adjusted to maintain temporal hours, it was naturally suited to keeping equal ones. With these, however, arose the question of when to begin counting, and so, in the early 14th century, a number of systems evolved. The schemes that divided the day into 24 equal parts varied according to the start of the count: Italian hours began at sunset, Babylonian hours at sunrise, astronomical hours at midday and 'great clock' hours, used for some large public clocks in Germany, at midnight. Eventually these were superseded by 'small clock', or French, hours, which split the day into two 12-hour periods commencing at midnight.F The earliest recorded weight-driven mechanical clock was built in 1283 in Bedfordshire in England. The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been around for at least 1,300 years) that transferred the power; it was the part called the escapement. In the early 1400s came the invention of the coiled spring or fusee which maintained constant force to the gear wheels of the timekeeper despite the changing tension of its mainspring. By the 16th century, a pendulum clock had been devised, but the pendulum swung in a large arc and thus was not very efficient.G To address this, a variation on the original escapement was invented in 1670, in England. It was called the anchor escapement, which was a lever-based device shaped like a ship's anchor. The motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each tooth of the escape wheel, in turn allowing it to turn a precise amount. Unlike the original form used in early pendulum clocks, the anchor escapement permitted the pendulum to travel in a very small arc. Moreover, this invention allowed the use of a long pendulum which could beat once asecond and thus led to the development of a new floor-standing case design, which became known as the grandfather clock.H Today, highly accurate timekeeping instruments set the beat for most electronic devices. Nearly all computers contain a quartz-crystal clock to regulate their operation. Moreover, not only do time signals beamed down from Global Positioning System satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation equipment, they do so as well for mobile phones, instant stock-trading systems and nationwide power-distribution grids. So integral have these time-based technologies become to day-to-day existence that our dependency on them is recognised only when they fail to work.Questions 1-4Reading Passage 1 has eight paragraphs, A-H.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.1 a description of an early timekeeping invention affected by cold temperatures2 an explanation of the importance of geography in the development of the calendarin farming communities3 a description of the origins of the pendulum clock4 details of the simultaneous efforts of different societies to calculate time usinguniform hoursQuestions 5-8Look at the following events (Questions 5-8) and the list of nationalities below.Match each event with the correct nationality, A-F.sheet.5 They devised a civil calendar in which the months were equal in length.6 They divided the day into two equal halves.7 They developed a new cabinet shape for a type of timekeeper.8 They created a calendar to organise public events and work schedules.List of NationalitiesA BabyloniansB EgyptiansC GreeksD EnglishE GermansF FrenchQuestions 9-13Label the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.图片10READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on ReadingPassage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-19Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A and C-G from the list below.sheet.List of Headingsi Disobeying FAA regulationsii Aviation disaster prompts actioniii Two coincidental developmentsiv Setting altitude zonesv An oversimplified viewvi Controlling pilots’ lice ncesvii Defining airspace categoriesviii Setting rules to weather conditionsix Taking off safelyx First steps towards ATC14 Paragraph AExample AnswerParagraph B x15 Paragraph C16 Paragraph D17 Paragraph E18 Paragraph F19 Paragraph GAIR TRAFFIC CONTROLIN THE USAA An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested. The resulting structure of air traffic control has greatly increased the safety of flight in the United States, and similar air traffic control procedures are alsoin place over much of the rest of the world.B Rudimentary air traffic control (ATC) existed well before the Grand Canyon disaster. As early as the 1920s, the earliest air traffic controllers manually guided aircraft in the vicinity of the airports, using lights and flags, while beacons and flashing lights were placed along cross-country routes to establish the earliest airways. However, this purely visual system was useless in bad weather, and, by the 1930s, radio communication was coming into use for ATC. The first region to have something approximating today's ATC was New York City, with other major metropolitan areas following soon after.C In the 1940s, ATC centres could and did take advantage of the newly developed radar and improved radio communication brought about by the Second World War, but the system remained rudimentary. It was only after the creation of the FAA that full-scale regulation of America's airspace took place, and this was fortuitous, for the advent of the jet engine suddenly resulted in a large number of very fast planes, reducing pilots' margin of error and practically demanding some set of rules to keep everyone well separated and operating safely in the air.D Many people think that ATC consists of a row of controllers sitting in front of their radar screens at the nation's airports, telling arriving and departing traffic what to do. This is a very incomplete part of the picture. The FAA realised that the airspace over the United States would at any time have many different kinds of planes, flying for many different purposes, in a variety of weather conditions, and the same kind of structure was needed to accommodate all of them.E To meet this challenge, the following elements were put into effect. First, ATC extends over virtually the entire UnitedStates. In general, from 365m above the ground and higher, the entire country is blanketed by controlled airspace. In certain areas, mainly near airports, controlled airspace extends down to 215m above the ground, and, in the immediate vicinity of an airport, all the way down to the surface. Controlled airspace is that airspace in which FAA regulations apply. Elsewhere, in uncontrolled airspace, pilots are bound by fewer regulations. In this way, the recreational pilot who simply wishes to go flying for a while without all the restrictions imposed by the FAA has only to stay in uncontrolled airspace, below 365m, while the pilot who does want the protection afforded by ATC can easily enter the controlled airspace.F The FAA then recognised two types of operating environments. In good meteorological conditions, flying would be permitted under Visual Flight Rules (VFR), which suggests a strong reliance on visual cues to maintain an acceptable level of safety. Poor visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR), under which the pilot relied on altitude and navigational information provided by the plane's instrument panel to fly safely. On a clear day, a pilot in controlled airspace can choose a VFR or IFR flight plan, and the FAA regulations were devised in a way which accommodates both VFR and IFR operations in the same airspace. However, a pilot can only choose to fly IFR if they possess an instrument rating which is above and beyond the basic pilot's license that must also be held.G Controlled airspace is divided into several different types, designated by letters of the alphabet. Uncontrolled airspace is designated Class F, while controlled airspace below 5,490m above sea level and not in the vicinity of an airport is Class E. All airspace above 5,490m is designated Class A. The reason for thedivision of Class E and Class A airspace stems from the type of planes operating in them. Generally, Class E airspace is where one finds general aviation aircraft (few of which can climb above 5,490m anyway), and commercial turboprop aircraft. Above 5,490m is the realm of the heavy jets, since jet engines operate more efficiently at higher altitudes. The difference between Class E and A airspace is that in Class A, all operations are IFR, and pilots must be instrument-rated, that is, skilled and licensed in aircraft instrumentation. This is because ATC control of the entire space is essential. Three other types of airspace, Classes D, C and B, govern the vicinity of airports. These correspond roughly to small municipal, medium-sized metropolitan and major metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass an increasingly rigorous set of regulations. For example, all a VFR pilot has to do to enter Class C airspace is establish two-way radio contact with ATC. No explicit permission from ATC to enter is needed, although the pilot must continue to obey all regulations governing VFR flight. To enter Class B airspace, such as on approach to a major metropolitan airport, an explicit ATC clearance is required. The private pilot who cruises without permission into this airspace risks losing their license.Questions 20-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 20-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this20 The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine.21 Air Traffic Control started after the Grand Canyon crash in 1956.22 Beacons and flashing lights are still used by ATC today.23 Some improvements were made in radio communication during World War II.24 Class F airspace is airspace which is below 365m and not near airports.25 All aircraft in Class E airspace must use IFR.26 A pilot entering Class C airspace is flying over an average-sized city.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.TELEPATHYCan human beings communicate by thought alone? For more than a century the issue of telepathy has divided the scientific community, and even today it still sparks bitter controversy among top academicsSince the 1970s, parapsychologists at leading universities and research institutes around the world have risked the derision of sceptical colleagues by putting the various claims for telepathy to the test in dozens of rigorous scientific studies. The results and their implications are dividing even the researchers who uncovered them.Some researchers say the results constitute compelling evidence that telepathy is genuine. Other parapsychologists believe the field is on the brink of collapse, having tried to produce definitive scientific proof and failed. Sceptics and advocates alike do concur on one issue, however: that the most impressive evidence so far has come from the so-called 'ganzfeld'experiments, a German term that means 'whole field'. Reports of telepathic experiences had by people during meditation led parapsychologists to suspect that telepathy might involve 'signals' passing between people that were so faint that they were usually swamped by normal brain activity. In this case, such signals might be more easily detected by those experiencing meditation — like tranquillity in a relaxing 'whole field' of light, sound and warmth.The ganzfeld experiment tries to recreate these conditions with participants sitting in soft reclining chairs in a sealed room, listening to relaxing sounds while their eyes are covered with special filters letting in only soft pink light. In early ganzfeld experiments, the telepathy test involved identification of a picture chosen from a random selection of four taken from a large image bank. The idea was that a person acting as a 'sender' would attempt to beam the image over to the 'receiver' relaxing in the sealed room. Once the session was over, this person was asked to identify which of the four images had been used. Random guessing would give a hit-rate of 25 per cent; if telepathy is real, however, the hit-rate would be higher. In 1982, the results from the first ganzfeld studies were analysed by one of its pioneers, the American parapsychologist Charles Honorton. They pointed to typical hit-rates of better than 30 per cent — a small effect, but one which statistical tests suggested could not be put down to chance.The implication was that the ganzfeld method had revealed real evidence for telepathy. But there was a crucial flaw in this argument —one routinely overlooked in more conventional areas of science. Just because chance had been ruled out as an explanation did not prove telepathy must exist; there were manyother ways of getting positive results. These ranged from 'sensory leakage' — where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver —to outright fraud. In response, the researchers issued a review of all the ganzfeld studies done up to 1985 to show that 80 per cent had found statistically significant evidence. However, they also agreed that there were still too many problems in the experiments which could lead to positive results, and they drew up a list demanding new standards for future research.After this, many researchers switched to autoganzfeld tests — an automated variant of the technique which used computers to perform many of the key tasks such as the random selection of images. By minimising human involvement, the idea was to minimise the risk of flawed results. In 1987, results from hundreds of autoganzfeld tests were studied by Honorton in a 'meta-analysis', a statistical technique for finding the overall results from a set of studies. Though less compelling than before, the outcome was still impressive.Yet some parapsychologists remain disturbed by the lack of consistency between individual ganzfeld studies. Defenders of telepathy point out that demanding impressive evidence from every study ignores one basic statistical fact: it takes large samples to detect small effects. If, as current results suggest, telepathy produces hit-rates only marginally above the 25 per cent expected by chance, it's unlikely to be detected by a typical ganzfeld study involving around 40 people: the group is just not big enough. Only when many studies are combined in a meta-analysis will the faint signal of telepathy really become apparent. And that is what researchers do seem to be finding.What they are certainly not finding, however, is any changein attitude of mainstream scientists: most still totally reject the very idea of telepathy. The problem stems at least in part from the lack of any plausible mechanism for telepathy.Various theories have been put forward, many focusing on esoteric ideas from theoretical physics. They include 'quantum entanglement', in which events affecting one group of atoms instantly affect another group, no matter how far apart they may be. While physicists have demonstrated entanglement with specially prepared atoms, no-one knows if it also exists between atoms making up human minds. Answering such questions would transform parapsychology. This has prompted some researchers to argue that the future lies not in collecting more evidence for telepathy, but in probing possible mechanisms. Some work has begun already, with researchers trying to identify people who are particularly successful in autoganzfeld trials. Early results show that creative and artistic people do much better than average: in one study at the University of Edinburgh, musicians achieved a hit-rate of 56 per cent. Perhaps more tests like these will eventually give the researchers the evidence they are seeking and strengthen the case for the existence of telepathy.Questions 27-30Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 Researchers with differing attitudes towards telepathy agree on28 Reports of experiences during meditation indicated29 Attitudes to parapsychology would alter drastically with30 Recent autoganzfeld trials suggest that success rates will improve withA the discovery of a mechanism for telepathyB the need to create a suitable environment for telepathy.C their claims of a high success rate.D a solution to the problem posed by random guessing.E the significance of the ganzfeld experiments.F a more careful selection of subjects.G a need to keep altering conditions.Questions 31-40Complete the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 31-40 on your answer sheet.Telepathy ExperimentsName/DateDescription Result FlawGanzfeldStudies1982 Involved a personacting as a31..............who picked out one32............froma random selectionof four, and a33..............,who then tried toidentify it. Hit-rates werehigher than withrandom guessing. Positive resultscould be producedby factors such as34..............or35.............. .Autoganzfeldstudies1987 36.............were used for keytasks to limit theamount of37..............in carrying out thetest. The results werethen subjected toa 38............. The 39..........between differenttest results wasput down to thefact that samplegroups were not40...................(aswith most ganzfeldStudies).剑桥雅思阅读8原文参考译文test1PASSAGE 1参考译文：时间记录的历史我们对时间的概念取决于我们测量时间的方式有考古证据表明，至少5000年前，早在罗马帝国尚未出现之时，巴比伦人就开始测量时间，他们引进日历来统筹公共活动，计划货物装运，特别是管控作物种植和收割。
2019年08月17日雅思考试真题回忆+答案
C.more convenient than incity
16.Themost interesting partoftheexhibit is they offer答案选B
A.how locomotive engineworks
A.onweekends
B.only on everyevening
C.onevery afternoon（因为这个项目特别popular）
13. For historians lovers历史爱好者,可以游玩哪个地方？答案选C
A.famousgarden
B.architecture
C.Location of an old city hallbuilding
答案回忆：
判断1-5
1.abilities
2.(The US)markets
3.Siblings
4.experienced
5.(preschoolers’)parents
判 断6-9 6.NOT GIVEN
7.TRUE
8.TRUE
9.FALSE
流程图填空10-13
10.firm
11.simplicity
B.great musicians a popularsinger
C.internationalcooks（原文中提到alocal cook）
15.Why did peoplechoosebuyingtickets in thelibrary?答案选A
A.cheaper one withdiscount
B.people can have dinner inside the old traincabinet
2019年英语专八阅读理解考前练习试题及答案
2019年英语专八阅读理解考前练习试题及答案Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers ?D using nonscientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the detailsof our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, androckets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.The creative shaping process of a technologist’s mind canbe seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should be valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, bylimitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail hard thinking，nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage inthe development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views ofindustrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unableto operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when designis assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.1.In the text, the author is primarily concerned with[A] Identifying the kinds of thinking that is used by technologists.[B] Stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design.[C] Proposing a new role for nonscientific thinking in the development of technology.[D] Contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technologists.2. It can be inferred that the author thinks engineering curricula are[A] Strengthened when they include courses in design.[B] Weakened by the substitution of physical science courses for courses designed to develop mathematical skills.[C] Strong because nonverbal thinking is still emphasized by most of the courses.[D] Strong despite the errors those graduates of such curricula have made in the development of automatic control systems.3.Which of the following statements best illustrates the main point of the first two paragraphs of the text?[A] When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions, it is the technologist who is best equipped to repair it.[B] Each component of an automobile? D for example, the engine or the fuel tank? D has a shape that has been scientifically determined to be best suited to that component’s function.[C] A telephone is a complex instrument designed by technologists using only nonverbal thought.[D] The distinctive features of a suspension bridge reflect its designer''s conceptualization as well as the physical requirements of its site.4.Which of the following statements would best serve as an introduction to the text?[A] The assumption that the knowledge incorporated in technological developments must be derived from science ignores the many nonscientific decisions made by technologists.[B] Analytical thought is no longer a vital component in the success of technological development.[C] As knowledge of technology has increased, the tendency has been to lose sight of the important role played by scientific thought in making decisions about form, arrangement, and texture.[D] A movement in engineering colleges toward atechnician’s degree reflects a demand for graduates who have the nonverbal reasoning ability that was once common among engineers.5. The author calls the predicament faced by the Historic American Engineering Record paradoxical (line 6, paragraph 3) most probably because[A] The publication needed drawings that its own staff could not make.[B] Architectural schools offered but did not require engineering design courses for their students.[C] College students were qualified to make the drawingswhile practicing engineers were not.[D] Engineering students were not trained to make the typeof drawings needed to record the development of their own discipline.答案与考点解析1.「答案」B「考点解析」这是一道中心主旨题。
2019年08月31日雅思考试真题回忆+答案
题型 填空 10 题
History 34. flowers 35. the climate of the area 36. the large amount of sand in the soil
Future Crop Plans 37. there is a system of irrigation 38. use plastic fence to prevent the weeds 39. dry the roots of dead plants 40. 瓶装销售的标签 is organic
旧 V09375
会计和日语课程学习
多选 5 题 summary 填空 5 题
内容回忆:
Frank and Bridget are discussing about studying accounting and Japanese.
答案回忆: 多选 21-23 Choose THREE letters, A-H （8 选 3） What are the benefits of this course according to the girls from the accounting apartment? 答案选 B E G A. 待补充
B. useful teaching staff
C. personal tutor
D. interesting teaching methods
E. important to future career
F. chance of visiting off-campus
G. small tutorial class H. 待补充
答案回忆：
单选 1-2 1. What is the preferred location? 答案选 B
剑桥雅思阅读8原文翻译及答案（test4）
剑桥雅思阅读8原文翻译及答案(test4)为了帮助大家备考，店铺为大家整理收集了剑桥雅思阅读8真题：test4阅读原文，希望对各位考生的备考有所帮助,祝每位烤鸭考试顺利，都能取得好成绩!剑桥雅思阅读8原文(test4)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on the following pages.Questions 1-5Reading Passage 1 has six sections, A-F.Choose the correct heading for sections B-F from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.List of HeadingsI The influence of Monbushoii Helping less successful studentsiii The success of compulsory educationiv Research findings concerning achievements in mathsv The typical format of a maths lessonvi Comparative expenditure on maths educationvii The key to Japanese successes in maths educationix The role of homework correctionExample AnswerSection A iv1 Section B2 Section C3 Section D4 Section E5 Section FLAND OF THE RISING SUMA Japan has a significantly better record in terms of average mathematical attainment than England and Wales. Large sample international comparisons of pupils’attainments since the 1960s have established that not only did Japanese pupils at age13 have better scores of average attainment, but there was alsoa larger proportion of ‘low’attainers in England, where, incidentally, the variation in attainment scores was much greater. The percentage of Gross National Product spent on education is reasonably similar in the two countries, so how is this higher and more consistent attainment in maths achieved?B Lower secondary schools in Japan cover three school years, from the seventh grade (age 13) to the ninth grade (age 15). Virtually all pupils at this stage attend state schools: only 3 per cent are in the private sector. Schools are usually modern in design, set well back from the road and spacious inside. Classrooms are large and pupils sit at single desks in rows. Lessons last for a standardised 50 minutes and are always followed by a 10-minute break, which gives the pupils a chance to let off steam. Teachers begin with a formal address and mutual bowing, and then concentrate on whole-class teaching.Classes are large — usually about 40 — and are unstreamed. Pupils stay in the same class for all lessons throughout the school and develop considerable class identity and loyalty. Pupils attend the school in their own neighbourhood, which in theory removes ranking by school. In practice in T okyo, because of the relative concentration of schools, there is some competition to get into the ‘better’ school in a particular area.C Traditional ways of teaching form the basis of the lessonand the remarkably quiet classes take their own notes of the points made and the examples demonstrated. Everyone has their own copy of the textbook supplied by the central education authority, Monbusho, as part of the concept of free compulsory education up to the age of 15. These textbooks are, on the whole, small, presumably inexpensive to produce, but well set out and logically developed. (One teacher was particularly keen to introduce colour and pictures into maths textbooks: he felt this would make them more accessible to pupils brought up in a cartoon culture.) Besides approving textbooks, Monbusho also decides the highly centralised national curriculum and how it is to be delivered.D Lessons all follow the same pattern. At the beginning, the pupils put solutions to the homework on the board, then the teachers comment, correct or elaborate as necessary. Pupils mark their own homework: this is an important principle in Japanese schooling as it enables pupils to see where and why they made a mistake, so that these can be avoided in future. No one minds mistakes or ignorance as long as you are prepared to learn from them.After the homework has been discussed, the teacher explains the topic of the lesson, slowly and with a lot of repetition and elaboration. Examples are demonstrated on the board; questions from the textbook are worked through first with the class, and then the class is set questions from the textbook to do individually. Only rarely are supplementary worksheets distributed in a maths class. The impression is that the logical nature of the textbooks and their comprehensive coverage of different types of examples, combined with the relative homogeneity of the class, renders work sheets unnecessary. Atthis point, the teacher would circulate and make sure that all the pupils were coping well.E It is remarkable that large, mixed-ability classes could be kept together for maths throughout all their compulsory schooling from 6 to 15. Teachers say that they give individual help at the end of a lesson or after school, setting extra work if necessary. In observed lessons, any strugglers would be assisted by the teacher or quietly seek help from their neighbour. Carefully fostered class identity makes pupils keen to help each other — anyway, it is in their interests since the class progresses together.This scarcely seems adequate help to enable slow learners to keep up. However, the Japanese attitude towards education runs along the lines of ‘if you work hard enough, you can do almost anything’. Parents are kept closely informed of their children’s progress and will play a part in helping their children to keep up with class, sending them to ‘Juku’ (private evening tuition) if extra help is needed and encouraging them to work harder. It seems to work, at least for 95 per cent of the school population.F So what are the major contributing factors in the success of maths teaching? Clearly, attitudes are important. Education is valued greatly in Japanese culture; maths is recognised as an important compulsory subject throughout schooling; and the emphasis is on hard work coupled with a focus on accuracy.Other relevant points relate to the supportive attitude of a class towards slower pupils, the lack of competition within a class, and the positive emphasis on learning for oneself and improving one’s own standard. And the view of repetitively boring lessons and learning the facts by heart, which is sometimes quoted in relation to Japanese classes, may be unfair and unjustified. Nopoor maths lessons were observed. They were mainly good and one or two were inspirational.Questions 6-9Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this6 There is a wider range of achievement amongst English pupils studying maths than amongst their Japanese counterparts.7 The percentage of Gross National Product spent on education generally reflects the level of attainment in mathematics.8 Private schools in Japan are more modern and spacious than state-run lower secondary schools.9 Teachers mark homework in Japanese schools.Questions 10-13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.10 Maths textbooks in Japanese schools areA cheap for pupils to buyB well organized and adapted to the needs of the pupils.C written to be used in conjunction with TV programmes.D not very popular with many Japanese teachers.11 When a new maths topic is introduced，A students answer questions on the board.B students rely entirely on the textbook.C it is carefully and patiently explained to the students.D it is usual for students to use extra worksheets.12 How do schools deal with students who experience difficulties?A They are given appropriate supplementary tuition.B They are encouraged to copy from other pupils.C They are forced to explain their slow progress.D They are placed in a mixed-ability class.13 Why do Japanese students tend to achieve relatively high rates of success in maths?A It is a compulsory subject in Japan.B They are used to working without help from others.C Much effort is made and correct answers are emphasized.D there is a strong emphasis on repetitive learning.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Biological control of pestsThe continuous and reckless use of synthetic chemicals for the control of pests which pose a threat to agricultural crops and human health is proving to be counter-productive. Apart from engendering widespread ecological disorders, pesticides have contributed to the emergence of a new breed of chemical-resistant, highly lethal superbugs.According to a recent study by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), more than 300 species of agricultural pests have developed resistance to a wide range of potent chemicals. Not to be left behind are the disease-spreading pests, about 100 species of which have become immune to a variety of insecticides now in use.One glaring disadvantage of pesticides’ application is that,while destroying harmful pests, they also wipe out many useful non-targeted organisms, which keep the growth of the pest population in check. This results in what agroecologists call the ‘treadmill syndrome’. Because of their tremendous breeding potential and genetic diversity, many pests are known to withstand synthetic chemicals and bear offspring with a built-in resistance to pesticides.The havoc that the ‘treadmill syndrome’ can bring about is well illustrated by what happened to cotton farmers in Central America. In the early 1940s, basking in the glory of chemical-based intensive agriculture, the farmers avidly took to pesticides as a sure measure to boost crop yield. The insecticide was applied eight times a year in the mid-1940s, rising to 28 in a season in the mid-1950s, following the sudden proliferation of three new varieties of chemical-resistant pests.By the mid-1960s, the situation took an alarming turn with the outbreak of four more new pests, necessitating pesticide spraying to such an extent that 50% of the financial outlay on cotton production was accounted for by pesticides. In the early 1970s, the spraying frequently reached 70 times a season as the farmers were pushed to the wall by the invasion of genetically stronger insect species.Most of the pesticides in the market today remain inadequately tested for properties that cause cancer and mutations as well as for other adverse effects on health, says a study by United States environmental agencies. The United States National Resource Defense Council has found that DDT was the most popular of a long list of dangerous chemicals in use.In the face of the escalating perils from indiscriminate applications of pesticides, a more effective and ecologicallysound strategy of biological control, involving the selective use of natural enemies of the pest population, is fast gaining popularity — though, as yet, it is a new field with limited potential. The advantage of biological control in contrast to other methods is that it provides a relatively low-cost, perpetual control system with a minimum of detrimental side-effects. When handled by experts, bio-control is safe, non-polluting and self-dispersing.The Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control (CIBC) in Bangalore, with its global network of research laboratories and field stations, is one of the most active, non-commercial research agencies engaged in pest control by setting natural predators against parasites. CIBC also serves as a clearing-house for the export and import of biological agents for pest control world-wide.CIBC successfully used a seed-feeding weevil, native to Mexico, to control the obnoxious parthenium weed, known to exert devious influence on agriculture and human health in both India and Australia. Similarly the Hyderabad-based Regional Research Laboratory (RRL), supported by CIBC, is now trying out an Argentinian weevil for the eradication of water hyacinth, another dangerous weed, which has become a nuisance in many parts of the world. According to Mrs Kaiser Jamil of RRL, ‘The Argentinian weevil does not attack any other plant and a pair of adult bugs could destroy the weed in 4-5 days.’CIBC is also perfecting the technique for breeding parasites that prey on ‘disapene scale’ insects — notorious defoliants of fruit trees in the US and India.How effectively biological control can be pressed into service is proved by the following examples. In the late 1960s, when Sri Lanka’s flourishing coconut groves were plagued by leaf-mining hispides, a larval parasite imported from Singapore brought the pest under control. A natural predator indigenous to India, Neodumetia sangawani, was found useful in controlling the Rhodes grass-scale insect that was devouring forage grass in many parts of the US. By using Neochetina bruci, a beetle native to Brazil, scientists at Kerala Agricultural University freed a 12-kilometre-long canal from the clutches of the weed Salvinia molesta, popularly called ‘African Payal’in Kerala. About 30,000 hectares of rice fields in Kerala are infested by this weed.Questions 14-17Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.14 The use of pesticides has contributed toA a change in the way ecologies are classified by agroecologists.B an imbalance in many ecologies around the world .C the prevention of ecological disasters in some parts of the the world .D an increase in the range of ecologies which can be usefully farmed.15 The Food and Agriculture Organisation has counted more than 300 agricultural pests whichA are no longer responding to most pesticides in use.B can be easily controlled through the use of pesticides.C continue to spread disease in a wide range of crops.D may be used as part of bio-control’s replacement of pesticides.16 Cotton farmers in Central America began to use pesticidesA because of an intensive government advertising campaign.B in response to the appearance of new varieties of pest.C as a result of changes in the seasons and the climate.D to ensure more cotton was harvested from each crop.17 By the mid-1960s, cotton farmers in Central America found that pesticidesA were wiping out 50% of the pests plaguing the crops.B were destroying 50% of the crop they were meant to protect.C were causing a 50% increase in the number of new pests reported.D were costing 50% of the total amount they spent on their crops.Questions 18-21Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 18-21 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNo if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it impossible to say what the write thinks about this18 Disease-spreading pests respond more quickly to pesticides than agricultural pests do.19 A number of pests are now born with an innate immunity to some pesticides.20 Biological control entails using synthetic chemicals to try and change the genetic make-up of the pests’ offspring.21 Bio-control is free from danger under certain circumstances.Questions 22-26Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 22-26 on your answersheet.22 Disapene scale insects feed on23 Neodumetia sangawani ate24 Leaf-mining hispides blighted25 An Argentinian weevil may be successful in wiping out26 Salvinia molesta plaguesA forage grass.B rice fields.C coconut trees.D fruit trees.E water hyacinth.F parthenium weed.G Brazilian beetles.H grass-scale insects.I larval parasites.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Collecting Ant SpecimensCollecting ants can be as simple as picking up stray ones and placing them in a glass jar, or as complicated as completing an exhaustive survey of all species present in an area and estimating their relative abundances. The exact method used will depend on the final purpose of the collections. For taxonomy, or classification, long series, from a single nest, which contain all castes (workers, including majors and minors, and, if present, queens and males) are desirable, to allow the determination of variation within species. For ecological studies, the most important factor is collecting identifiable samples of as many of the different species present as possible. Unfortunately, thesemethods are not always compatible. The taxonomist sometimes overlooks whole species in favour of those groups currently under study, while the ecologist often collects only a limited number of specimens of each species, thus reducing their value for taxonomic investigations.To collect as wide a range of species as possible, several methods must be used. These include hand collecting, using baits to attract the ants, ground litter sampling, and the use of pitfall traps. Hand collecting consists of searching for ants everywhere they are likely to occur. This includes on the ground, under rocks, logs or other objects on the ground, in rotten wood on the ground or on trees, in vegetation, on tree trunks and under bark. When possible, collections should be made from nests or foraging columns and at least 20 to 25 individuals collected. This will ensure that all individuals are of the same species, and so increase their value for detailed studies. Since some species are largely nocturnal, collecting should not be confined to daytime. Specimens are collected using an aspirator (often called a pooter), forceps, a fine, moistened paint brush, or fingers, if the ants are known not to sting. Individual insects are placed in plastic or glass tubes (1.5-3.0 ml capacity for small ants, 5-8 ml for larger ants) containing 75% to 95% ethanol. Plastic tubes with secure tops are better than glass because they are lighter, and do not break as easily if mishandled.Baits can be used to attract and concentrate foragers. This often increases the number of individuals collected and attracts species that are otherwise elusive. Sugars and meats or oils will attract different species and a range should be utilised. These baits can be placed either on the ground or on the trunks of trees or large shrubs. When placed on the ground, baits should besituated on small paper cards or other flat, light-coloured surfaces, or in test-tubes or vials. This makes it easier to spot ants and to capture them before they can escape into the surrounding leaf litter.Many ants are small and forage primarily in the layer of leaves and other debris on the ground. Collecting these species by hand can be difficult. One of the most successful ways to collect them is to gather the leaf litter in which they are foraging and extract the ants from it. This is most commonly done by placing leaf litter on a screen over a large funnel, often under some heat. As the leaf litter dries from above, ants (and other animals) move downward and eventually fall out the bottom and are collected in alcohol placed below the funnel. This method works especially well in rain forests and marshy areas. A method of improving the catch when using a funnel is to sift the leaf litter through a coarse screen before placing it above the funnel. This will concentrate the litter and remove larger leaves and twigs. It will also allow more litter to be sampled when using a limited number of funnels.The pitfall trap is another commonly used tool for collecting ants. A pitfall trap can be any small container placed in the ground with the top level with the surrounding surface and filled with a preservative. Ants are collected when they fall into the trap while foraging. The diameter of the traps can vary from about 18 mm to 10 cm and the number used can vary- from a few to several hundred. The size of the traps used is influenced largely by personal preference (although larger sizes are generally better), while the number will be determined by the study being undertaken. The preservative used is usually ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, as alcohol will evaporate quickly and the trapswill dry out. One advantage of pitfall traps is that they can be used to collect over a period of time with minimal maintenance and intervention. One disadvantage is that some species are not collected as they either avoid the traps or do not commonly encounter them while foraging.Questions 27-30Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this27 Taxonomic research involves comparing members of one group of ants.28 New species of ants are frequently identified by taxonomists.29 Range is the key criterion for ecological collections.30 A single collection of ants can generally be used for both taxonomic and ecological purposes.Questions 31-36Classify the following statements as referring toA hand collectingB using baitC sampling ground litterD using a pitfall trapWrite the correct letter, A,B,C or D, in boxes 31-36 on your answer sheet.31 It is preferable to take specimens from groups of ants.32 It is particularly effective for wet habitats.33 It is a good method for species which are hard to find.34 Little time and effort is required.35 Separate containers are used for individual specimens.36 Non-alcoholic preservative should be used.Questions 37-40Label the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.剑桥雅思阅读8原文参考译文(test4)PASSAGE 1 参考译文：数学崛起之地A.就数学的平均成绩而言，日本的纪录要比英格兰和威尔士好得多。
2019年9月12日雅思阅读考试真题及答案
2019年9月12日雅思阅读考试真题及答案最新一期的雅思考试圆满结束，那么考试的真题和答案是怎样的呢？来跟着看一看2019年9月12日雅思阅读考试真题及答案。
Reading Passage 1Title：印第安文明古迹Question types：待补充文章内容回顾待补充题型难度及技巧分析对于文化类的考察，放在第一篇的位置相对而言，对于考生而言还是比较友好的，尤其是针对古迹一类的词汇，学生相对而言应该还是比较熟悉的，类似于Relic这样的生词，考前应该完全熟悉并且做到心中有数。
具体可参考文章：C13——TEST3 Passage3 Whatever happened to the Harappan Civilisation？Reading Passage 2Title：人类和人工智能的结合在太空探索中的应用Question types：待补充文章内容回顾待补充题型难度及技巧分析本篇文章相对而言还是比较简单的，在文章的理解上面首先就不是很难，其次在文章当中一直会重复出现AI等平时常见的生词，因此对于学生做题在信心上面也是很有帮助的，对待这篇文章，最重要的就是要做到定定心心。
但是把握好时间。
具体可参考文章：C9——TEST1 Passage2 Is anybody out there？Reading Passage 3Title：科技爆炸带来的负面影响Question types：待补充文章内容回顾具体可参考这一篇类似的文章：Alexander Henderson （1831-1913）Born in Scotland， Henderson emigrated to Canada in 1855 and became a well-known landscape photographer.Alexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful grandfather，also called Alexander，had founded the family business，and later became the first chairman of the National Bank of Scotland. The family had extensive landholdings in Scotland. Besides its residence in Edinburgh， it owned Press Estate， 650 acres of farmland about 35 miles southeast of the city. The family often stayed at Press Castle， the large mansion on the northern edge of the property，and Alexander spent much of his childhood in the area， playing on the beach near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams nearby.Even after he went to school at Murcheston Academy on the outskirts of Edinburgh，Henderson returned to Press at weekends. In 1849 he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a business career，he stayed with it to please his family. In October 1855， however， he emigrated to Canada with his wife Agnes Elder Robertson and they settled in Montreal.Henderson learned photography in Montreal around theyear 1857 and quickly took it up as a serious amateur. He became a personal friend and colleague of the Scottish- Canadian photographer William Notman. The two men made a photographic excursion to Niagara Falls in 1860 and they cooperated on experiments with magnesium flares as a source of artificial light in 1865. They belonged to the same societies and were among the founding members of the Art Association of Montreal. Henderson acted as chairman of the association＇s first meeting，which was held in Notman＇s studio on 11 January 1860.In spite of their friendship， their styles of photography were quite e Notman＇s landscapes were noted for their bold realism，Henderson for the first 20 years of his career produced romantic images， showing the strong influence of the British landscape tradition. His artistic and technical progress was rapid and in 1865 he published his first major collection of landscape publication had limited circulation （only seven copies have ever been found）， and was called Canadian Views and contents of each copy vary significantly and have proved a useful source for evaluating Henderson＇s early work.In 1866， he gave up his business to open a photographic studio，advertising himself as a portrait and landscape photographer. From about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography and other views. His numerous photographs of city life revealed in street scenes，houses，and markets are alive with human activity，and although his favourite subject was landscape he usually composed his scenes around such human pursuits as farming the land， cutting ice on a river， or sailing down a woodland stream. There was sufficient demand for these types of scenes and othershe took depicting the lumber trade， steamboats and waterfalls to enable him to make a living. There was little competing hobby or amateur photography before the late 1880s because of the time-consuming techniques involved and the weight of the equipment. People wanted to buy photographs as souvenirs of a trip or as gifts， and catering to this market， Henderson had stock photographs on display at his studio for mounting，framing， or inclusion in albums.Henderson frequently exhibited his photographs in Montreal and abroad，in London，Edinburgh，Dublin，Paris，New York， and Philadelphia. He met with greater success in 1877 and 1878 in New York when he won first prizes in the exhibition held by E and H T Anthony and Company for landscapes using the Lambertype process. In 1878 his work won second prize at the world exhibition in Paris.In the 1870s and 1880s Henderson travelled widely throughout Quebec and Ontario， in Canada， documenting the major cities of the two provinces and many of the villages in Quebec. He was especially fond of the wilderness and often travelled by canoe on the Blanche， du Lievre， and other noted eastern rivers. He went on several occasions to the Maritimes and in 1872 he sailed by yacht along the lower north shore of the St Lawrence River. That same year， while in the lower St Lawrence River region， he took some photographs of the construction of the lntercolonial Railway. This undertaking led in 1875 to a commission from the railway to record the principal structures along the almost-completed line connecting Montreal to Halifax. Commissions from other railways followed. In 1876 he photographed bridges on the Quebec， Montreal， Ottawa and Occidental Railway between Montreal and Ottawa. In 1885 hewent west along the Canadian Pacific Railway （CPR） as far as Rogers Pass in British Columbia， where he took photographs of the mountains and the progress of construction.In 1892 Henderson accepted a full-time position with the CPR as manager of a photographic department which he was to set up and administer. His duties included spending four months in the field each year. That summer he made his second trip west，photographing extensively along the railway line as far as Victoria. He continued in this post until 1897，when he retired completely from photography.When Henderson died in 1913， his huge collection of glass negatives was stored in the basement of his house. Today collections of his work are held at the National Archives of Canada，Ottawa，and the McCord Museum of Canadian History， Montreal.题型难度及技巧分析这篇文章在三篇文章当中看上去和第二篇文章有点类似，但是从雅思真题的这篇文章来看，第二篇文章更加偏向于科技而不是强调人工智能。
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2019年雅思考试阅读理解模拟练习试题及答案A.When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January 2004，the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia，but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining.One exception was France，where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job ashead of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macsto his compatriots.His task was to replicate this success inall 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers’favourite enemy operates.B.So far Mr Hennequin is doing st year Europeansales increased by 5.8%and the number of customers by 3.4%，the best annual results in nearly 15 years.Europe accountedfor 36%of the group’s profits and for 28%of itssales.December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain，and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly.CMr Hennequin’s recipe for revival is to be more open about his company’s operations，to be“locally relevant”，and to improve the experience of visiting his 6，400 restaurants.McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat，exploiting workers，treating animals cruelly，polluting the environment and simply for being American.Mr Hennequin sayshe wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns.D.He introduced“open door”visitor days in each country which became hugely popular.In Poland alone some 50，000 visitors came to McDonald’s through the visitors’programme last year.The Nutrition Information Initiative，launched last year，put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories，protein，fat，carbohydrates and salt content.The details are also printed on tray-liners.E.Mr Hennequin also wants people to know that“McJobs”，the low-paid menia l jobs at McDonald’s restaurants，are much better than people think.But some of his efforts have backfired：last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a“McPassport”that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European Union.Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe more easily available to McDonald’s managers across the continent.F.To stay in touch with local needs and preferences，McDonald’s employs local bosses as much as possible.AR ussian is running McDonald’s in Russia，though a Serb is in charge of Germany.The group buys mainly from local suppliers.Four-fifths of its supplies in France come from local farmers，for example.(Some of the French farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequentlydiscovered that it was，in fact，buying their produce.)And it hires celebrities such as Heidi Klum，a German model，aslocal brand ambassadors.G.In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a“design studio”in France to spruce up his company’s drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes.The studio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe.He also set up a“food studio”，where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends.H.Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe，it seems odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman，using ideas cooked up in the French market.But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market after America.The mar ket where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France，but Britain.I.“Fixing Britain should be his priority，”says David Palmer，a restaurant analyst at UBS.Almost two-thirds of the 1，214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned，compared with 40%in Europe and 15%in America.The company suffers from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants，but can rely on steady income from franchisees.So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible，says Mr Palmer.J.M.Mark Wiltamuth，an analyst at Morgan Stanley，estimates that European company-owned restaurants’margins will increase slightly to 16.4%in 2007.This is still less than in the late 1990s and below America’s 18-19%today.But it is much better than before Mr Hennequin’s reig n.He is already being tipped as the first European candidate for the group’s top job in Illinois.Nobody would call that a McJob.Questions 1-6Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this1.McDonald was showing the sign of recovery in all European countries except France after Denis Hennequin took office as the boss of Euro-markets.2.Starting from last year，detailed labels are put on McDonald’s packaging and detailed information is alsoprinted on tray-liners.3.France is said to be the most anti-American country in Europe，but the ideas of the“open door”visiting daysand“McPassport”are invented in the French market.4.Britain possesses the weakest McDonald market among European countries and approximately 1214 McDonald’s restaurants are company-owned.5.According to David Palmer，a restaurant analyst at UBS，David Hennequin should treat the problem about McDonald in Britain as the most important thing.6.David Palmer suggested that the management of McDonalod in Italy should sell as many its outlets which lose money in business as possible for revival.Questions 7-10Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-10 on your answe sheet.7.The word“sterling”in line 3 of Paragraph Ameans__________.A.difficultB.menialC.terribleD.excellent8.Which of the following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOT TRUE?A.It tends to make people fat.B.Its operations are very vague.C.It tends to exploit workers.D.It tends to treat animals cruelly.9.Which of the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesired result?A.“Food Studio”scheme.B.“Open Door”visitor days.C.The“McPassport”scheme.D.The Nutrition Information Initiative.10.What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends?A.set up a“Food Studio”.B.established a“Design Studio”.C.hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors.D.employed local bosses as much as possible.Questions 11-14Complete each of the following statements(Questions 11-14)with words or number taken from Reading Passage 1.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.11.After January 2004，McDonald was making improvement following a period of slump in America and Australia，but sales in Europe were………………………….12.Business of McDonald in France and Britain was particularly good in December since customers took to……………………………..pared with other countries，France isMcDonald’s……………………….next to America.14.…………………….of McDonald’s restaurants in America are companied–owned and the figure is much lower than that in Britain.Part IINotes to Reading Passage 11.sterling高质量的e.g.He has many sterling qualities.他身上有很多优秀的品质。