2018年外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛
外研社杯国才杯2018阅读大赛决赛第三场
外研社杯·国才杯·2018年阅读大赛复赛第三场Questions1-3(Suggested completion time:3minutes)Directions:Read the following excerpts and match the book name with each excerpt.Please note there are two extra options.A.The Social ContractB.The RepublicC.To the LighthouseD.The Call of the WildE.The Moon and Sixpence 1.If we were seeking for a piece of gold,you would not imagine that we were“knocking under to one another,”and so losing our chance of finding it.And why,when we are seeking for justice,a thing more precious than many pieces of gold,do you say that we are weakly yielding to one another and not doing our utmost to get at the truth?2.What is the meaning of life?That was all—a simple question;one that tended to close in on one with years.The great revelation had never come.The great revelation perhaps never did come.Instead there were little daily miracles,illuminations,matches struck unexpectedly in the dark.3.Each one of us is alone in the world.He is shut in a tower of brass,and can communicate with his fellows only by signs,and the signs have no common value,so that their sense is vague and uncertain.Question4(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Accuracy in timekeeping is measured by how precisely the length of each“tick”matches the length of every other“tick”.Theatomic clock’s form of timekeeping is so accurate that our current definition of what a“second”is comes from the best atomicclocks currently around—cesium atomic clocks.Scientists measure clock accuracy by their level of systematic uncertainty,whichis a type of error rate.The Germans’single-ion clock kicks the atomic clock’s timekeeping butt on that score.Its systematic uncertainty is3x10-18.That’s100times better than a cesium atomic clock,an accuracy that scientists have been trying to attain since physicist Hans Dehmeltsaid it was possible back in1981.4.What can we know from the text?A)The cesium atomic clock has an error rate of3x10-18.C)Best atomic clocks boost perfect systematic certainty.B)The single-ion clock is currently the most accurate in timekeeping.D)The length of each clock tick defines what a“second”is.Question5(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Everyone has unwelcome thoughts from time to time.But such intrusions can signal serious psychiatricconditions—from“flashbacks”in post-traumatic stress disorder to obsessive negative thinking indepression to hallucinations in schizophrenia.“These are some of the most debilitating symptoms,”saysneuroscientist Michael Anderson at the University of Cambridge.New research led by Anderson and neuroscientist Taylor Schmitz,now at McGill University,suggests thesesymptoms may all stem from a faulty brain mechanism responsible for blocking thoughts.Researchersstudying this faculty usually focus on the prefrontal cortex,a control center that directs the activity of otherbrain regions.But Anderson and his colleagues noticed that conditions featuring intrusive thoughts—suchas schizophrenia—often involve increased activity in the hippocampus,an important memory region.Theseverity of symptoms such as hallucinations also increases with this elevated activity.5.What can we learn from Anderson’s research?A)Some mental disorders have debilitating symptoms.C)Intrusive thoughts are dangerous but can be controlled.B)Prefrontal cortex is mainly responsible for psychiatric diseases.D)Unwanted thoughts involve elevated activity in the hippocampus.Question6(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Being an expert in one thing doesn’t mean having to become an expert in everything,and loving science doesn’t have to mean lots of time spent alone.As kids,kitchen experiments and basement engineering projects can mean time with friends instead of time away from them.As adults,a career in STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,and Mathematics)can mean getting to work with all kinds of different experts to see what you can do as a team.While a single bad grade or a confusing experience with chemistry can easily convince a kid that they aren’t cut out for science,imagining STEM careers as lonely futures can convince kids that they wouldn’t have wanted to do it anyway.But entering the world of STEM is far from isolating;it means becoming part of a broad network of people with shared interests and experiences.6.What does the writer say about a career in STEM?A)It is far from being boring and isolating.C)It doesn’t require good grades and talent.B)It doesn’t need people to become an expert.D)It means spending a lot of time alone.Question7(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Researchers believe Mars once had a liquid core,as evidenced by the magnetism this generated and which is still retained in many of the planet’s rocks.Whether any of that ancient fluid persists is something InSight(a mission to Mars launched by the American space agency NASA)will test by using radio equipment to observe how Mars shifts on its axis of rotation.“If you take a raw egg and a cooked egg and you spin them,they wobble differently because of the distribution of liquid in the interior,”explained InSight’s deputy project scientist,Dr. Suzanne Smrekar.“So by tracking our spacecraft very precisely,we’re able to see how Mars wobbles and that really tells us a lot of information about the core of Mars.”7.How will researchers test whether there is a liquid core on Mars?A)By observing how Mars rotates.C)By spinning different eggs on the planet.B)By modeling its rotating orbit.D)By detecting its magnetism.Question8(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.It’s easy to feel enticed by an airline or a hotel loyalty program.After all,who wouldn’t want a free flight,a room upgrade or other lucrative benefits?The catch—as any program loyalist can attest to—is that maximizing travel rewards can be challenging.While it’s often easy to join a program,attaining meaningful perks and rewards may come with a string of caveats.So how can you tell if a program is worth your time and effort?To create the sixth annual rankings,U.S.News editors evaluated each loyalty program based on key attributes that everyday travelers value,such as the size and diversity of each airline or hotel network and how quickly you can accumulate enough miles or points to earn a free flight or hotel stay.Our rankings also take into account the number of ways you can use rewards and the added benefits you receive as a member.8.Why does the author pose the question at the end of the first paragraph?A)To challenge the reader into thinking about the possible answer.C)To arouse the reader’s interest and to summarize the main purpose.B)To serve as a reader guidance device and to signal the following subject.D)To include the reader in the discussion with the writer.Question9(Suggested completion time:2minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the question according to the text.“Does being waitlisted count as half an acceptance?”“Literally got waitlisted everywhere.”“Being waitlisted from your top choice is the worst feeling.”Those are just some of the thoughts that high school seniors have tweeted.They’ve opened their mail—or,more likely,an online portal—to finally hear decisions from colleges.Butmany didn’t get one.The number of students placed on college waiting lists has climbed in recent years,leaving students hoping for the best—even when they might not have any reason to hope at all.9.What does the writer imply about being waitlisted by colleges?A)It is hard for colleges to make the decision.C)It is equivalent to a conditioned acceptance.B)It offers the best hope of admission.D)It does not necessarily lead to admission.Question10(Suggested completion time:5minutes)Directions:The figure shows power generation from renewable energies in UK from2015to2018,categorized by quarters and types of energy.Answer the question according to the information in the figure.Source:UK government report Energy Trends.Note:TWh:terawatt hour;1TWh=109kilowatt hour10.Which of the following is an INCORRECT description about the figure?A)Generally,electricity power generated by tidal energy remained the lowest from2015to2018.B)In2017,the amount of power generated by bioenergy keeps decreasing,but startsto increase from the beginning of2018.C)In2016,onshore wind takes the place of bioenergy,becoming the main powersource generated by renewable energies.D)Among all types of renewable energies,bioenergy occupies the largest portion in2015,while the two smallest in portion are tidal energy and hydro energy.Question11(Suggested completion time:4minutes)Directions:Read the following definition of a logical fallacy.Answer the question according to the definition.Post-DesignationIt refers to drawing a conclusion from correlations observed in a given sample,but only after the sample has already been drawn,and without declaring in advance what correlations the experimenter was expecting to find.11.Which of the following provides a typical example of Post-Designation?A)In looking at the records of my students,I have found that9out of10are an onlychild of their family.Therefore,society is moving towards one-child families.C)Everybody has a brain.Therefore,there is a single brain we all share.B)A parent says that the teacher doesn’t know how to teach because she graduated from a community college.D)You claim to know David but you must be lying.You admitted you didn’t know the hooded man over there in the corner,but the hooded man is David.Question12(Suggested completion time:4minutes)Directions:Read the following definition of a logical fallacy.Answer the question according to the example.Lying with StatisticsAlso known as Statistical Fallacy,it refers to an entire class of fallacies that result in presenting statistical data in a very biased way,and interpreting statistics without questioning the methods behind collecting and presenting the data.12.Which of the following provides a typical example of Lying with Statistics?A)Of course we should buy IBM’s computers whenever we need new computers.Up till now we’ve bought tens of thousands IBMs.C)Since they have asked dozens of questions concerning the topics discussed in class, the students are ready for a test.B)Did you see that bar graph in USA Today?It showed a HUGE spike in the moral decline of our country!D)What she says about Johannes Kepler’s astronomy of the1600s must be just so much garbage.Do you realize she’s only fifteen years old?Questions13-14Reasoning(Suggested completion time:10minutes)Wine is made by crushing grapes and eventually separating the juice from the grape skins.However,the separated juice contains impurities and many wineries do not filter the juice.These wineries claim the unfiltered juice ultimately produces a more flavorful and intense wine.Since these wine makers are experts,we should trust their judgment and not shy away from unfiltered wine.13.Which of the following,if true,most strongly supports the conclusion above?A)Some drinkers believe that cloudy wine is suspect—badly kept or the dog-end of the barrel that is going to make you sick.C)Not only is unfiltered wine natural and environmentally friendly,it is also vegan-friendly and some claim that it has health benefits,too.B)The development of wine-making craft helps keep the grape’s original flavor and nutrition.D)Wine consumers drink with their eyes and,for many wine enthusiasts,opaque wine just doesn’t look right.The rapid diminishment of the ecosystem of the Amazon threatens the entire planet.Consequently,we must take immediate steps to convince the Brazilian government that planned development projects need to be curtailed for the simple reason that these development projects will greatly accelerate the loss of currently protected land.14.Which of the following,if true,most seriously weakens the argument above?A)Wetlands help prevent soil erosion and can both remove greenhouse gases from the Earth’s atmosphere and store them.C)So far there is much evidence of the lately built dam that contributes to the bio-balance.B)Brazil’s meat industry,as is the case with much of the world’s beef sector,is highly inefficient:The average head of cattle needs one hectare.D)Planned development projects may endanger the biological diversity of the ecosystem and increase the risk of flooding.Questions15-17(Suggested completion time:7minutes)Directions:Read the text about math education.Answer the questions according to the text.In recent years,the common wisdom has been that girls are dominating when it comes to academic achievement.In reading in particular,girls have consistently outperformed boys.Some studies have also found that in a typical U.S.school district,girls have all but caught up in math—a subject in which they had historically underperformed and from which they’d been discouraged thanks to persistent stereotypes about their academic interests.Take away the burden of challenging stereotypes and discriminatory beliefs and practices,the thinking goes, and girls will do just as well as boys in the STEM fields.But now,a new study by a team of researchers led by the Stanford education professor Sean Reardon finds that girls’dominance in school isn’t the case across demographics.Yes,the study confirms:Overall,in the average U.S.school district,girls and boys are performing about the same in math.But the study finds that in communities in which most families are affluent and white,and in which adult men far outearn women in income,girls continue to lag behind their male peers in math achievement.In some of these districts,boys on average outperformed girls in math by two-fifths of a grade level.Described as the most comprehensive analysis of its kind to date,and drawing from roughly260million standardized-test scores from close to10,000U.S.school districts,the study looked at data from seven school years,starting in the fall of2008.Overall the analysis found that,while girls maintain their edge in reading regardless of their geographic location,they either tend to significantly outperform or significantly lag behind boys in math.“We set out saying that some districts are going to have more stereotypical gender achievement gaps—larger math gaps favoring boys,larger reading gaps favoring girls—and others that are maybe less stereotypical,”said Erin Fahle,who co-authored the study and earns her Ph.D.in education policy from Stanford in June,2018.“Instead what we found was that districts tend to advantage boys or advantage girls.”At the other end of the affluence spectrum,a near-opposite phenomenon is playing out:In poor communities of color,namely those where families are predominantly black or Latino,girls on average outperformed boys in math by one-fifth of a grade level,in addition to significantly outperforming them in reading.The new study lends credence to claims that boys in low-income black or Hispanic districts deserve some of the closest attention as policymakers,educators,and parents strive to eliminate gender disparities.“We focus so much on female children’s opportunities in STEM,which is really important and has a large potential economic consequence,”Fahle said.“But we also have to realize that boys’opportunities are constrained by gender,too.”15.Which of the following is NOT a stereotype of girls?A)Girls have greater academic achievements than boys.C)Girls have not as much interest in math as boys.B)Girls lag behind boys in math achievement.D)Girls are more proficient in reading than boys.16.What can we learn about the new study by Stanford?A)Boys in rich white families tend to underperform girls in math.C)Girls still take a lead over boys in reading across the country.B)Girls’advantage over boys in math varies from place to place.D)It’s the longest continual study of this kind ever conducted.17.What can be inferred from the findings of the new study by Stanford?A)Gender disparities have received too much unnecessary attention.C)The potential economic result of girls’opportunities deserves consideration.B)It’s really important to get rid of all forms of race and gender disparities.D)Boys and girls should be given equal attention in academic opportunities.Questions18-20(Suggested completion time:7minutes)Directions:Read the text about the English accent.Answer the questions according to the text.People often talk about the English language as if it is a thing to keep pretty—a petticoat that might be sullied by the spread of glottal stops,text-speak or slang.The latest to weigh in is the writer and critic Jonathan Meades,in a column mourning the decline of Received Pronunciation(RP).Meades argues that the accent—also known as the Queen’s English or BBC English—should be regarded as“a sort of glue,a force for uniting the country”and“celebrated as a tool of social mobility”.The term RP has murky origins,but it is regarded as the accent of those with power,influence,money and a fine education—and was adopted as a standard by the BBC in1922.Today,it is used by2%of the population.The idea that an accent should facilitate or hinder a person’s success is,of course,distasteful,but entirely true:the powerful elite will recoil from those who sound different from them;those who sound different feel out of place and unwelcome.My own accent is slightly confusing.People are frequently surprised to learn that I come from Lancashire and went to my local comprehensive—save for the flat vowels of,say,“bath”and“laugh”,I don’t have much northernness.Often,people assume that I deliberately modified my accent when I went to Oxford,joined The Guardian or started presenting for the BBC,but these people were never party to my school years,where I was teased mercilessly for sounding“posh”and like a“snob”.The truth is a little plainer:my mum was the esteemed winner of the elocution prize at her school in Wigan in the1960s and when my brother and I were growing up she continually corrected our speech,spurred,I imagine,by the fear that unless we spoke“properly”we wouldn’t go anywhere.The world has changed since then,and it’s a world I like better.The voices we hear on the radio and TV and in positions of power are slowly shifting and this gladdens me.I would be lying if I said that the RP tinges of my accent have not helped me move through the world,but also I know that my shades of Lancastrian have helped,too—at times,each has given me something to push against;at others,it is my support.Perhaps these days we are seeing not so much a decline in RP as a growing accent fluidity.True social mobility should allow us to move in all directions;to know and welcome all people,to speak and listen to everyone.Surely that,Mr.Meades,should be our glue;our force for uniting the country?18.Why was the author laughed at in her school years?A)The author couldn’t pronounce the word“posh”accurately.C)The author spoke with a Received Pronunciation accent.B)The author had a pronounced Lancashire accent.D)The author modified her accent on purpose.19.What is the author’s attitude towards the fate that RP may be dying out?A)Sentimental.B)Long-expected.C)Indifferent.D)Nostalgic.20.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?A)The author agrees with Mr.Meades’remark on the function of Received Pronunciation.C)The author’s mother has played an important role in helping her speak with an RP accent.B)Received Pronunciation is now only used by a tiny fraction of the population.D)The author’s RP accent has assumed both positive and negative functions in her life. Questions21-23(Suggested completion time:7minutes)Directions:Read the text about smartphone sensors.Answer the questions according to the text.Consider everything your smartphone has done for you today.Counted your steps?Deposited a check?Transcribednotes?Navigated you somewhere new?Smartphones make for such versatile pocket assistants because they’re equipped with a suite of sensors,includingsome we may never think—or even know—about,sensing,for example,light,humidity,pressure andtemperature.Because smartphones have become essential companions,those sensors probably stayed close by throughout yourday:the car cup holder,your desk,the dinner table and nightstand.If you’re like the vast majority of smartphone users,the phone’s screen may have been black,but the device was probably on the whole time.“Sensors are finding their ways into every corner of our lives,”says Maryam Mehrnezhad,a computer scientist at Newcastle University in England.That’s a good thing when phones are using their observational dexterity to do our bidding.But the plethora of highly personal information that smartphones are privy to also makes them powerful potential spies.Online app store Google Play has already discovered apps abusing sensor access.Google recently booted20apps from Android phones and its app store because the apps could—without the user’s knowledge—record with the microphone,monitor a phone’s location,take photos,and then extract the data.Stolen photos and sound bites(a brief recorded statement broadcast especially on a television news program)pose obvious privacy invasions.But even seemingly innocuous sensor data can potentially broadcast sensitive information.A smartphone’s movement may reveal what users are typing or disclose their whereabouts.Even barometer readings that subtly shift with increased altitude could give away which floor of a building you’re standing on,suggests Ahmed Al-Haiqi,a security researcher at the National Energy University in Kajang,Malaysia.These sneaky intrusions may not be happening in real life yet,but concerned researchers in academia and industry are working to head off eventual invasions.Some scientists have designed invasive apps and tested them on volunteers to shine a light on what smartphones can reveal about their owners.Other researchers are building new smartphone security systems to help protect users from myriad real and hypothetical privacy invasions,from stolen PIN codes to stalking.21.Which statement is NOT true according to the text?A)It is sensors that make smartphones our versatile assistants.C)Sensors stop working only when smartphones are not in use.B)Sensors are serving every aspect of our daily life.D)There are many unknown sensors in our smartphones.22.The word booted in Paragraph5is closest in meaning to________.A)ingested B)installed C)removed D)recalled23.Why did some scientists design and test invasive apps?A)They aimed to develop new security systems for smartphones.C)They wanted to stop privacy from being leaked through smartphones.B)They strove to learn how to distinguish invasive apps from others.D)They attempted to protect the whereabouts of smartphone users.Questions24-27(Suggested completion time:9minutes)Directions:Read the text and answer the questions according to the text.Your skin is your largest organ and a crucial part of several bodily functions.Not only is it the flexible,self-healing barrier that supports the immune system,but it’s also part of the integumentary system,the network of dead epidermal cells―hair,fingernails and toenails―that helps slough off cellular waste material.Sweat glands in the skin also play active roles in the excretory system,or the organs and glands that flush out toxins and excess minerals from the body.Dead skin cells are a form of bodily waste that facilitates the growth of new epidermal cells.Every minute,you lose30,000to40,000dead skin cells,all of which are replaced immediately by fresh skin tissue.The body does an excellent job of sloughing off skin cells through normal activity,but regular bathing is definitely a plus.You don’t need to exfoliate,or remove dead skin cells with special cleansers or washcloths,to get rid of dead skin waste,but beauty experts believe you should for a healthier complexion. However,dermatologists(皮肤病专家)warn against overexfoliation,which can leave skin raw,red and vulnerable to bacteria.Sweating is another way that skin helps remove waste from the body,but it’s not as effective as sauna lovers might think.The chief role of sweat is thermoregulation,cooling us off when exercise or high temperatures cause our internal mercury to rise.The negligible detoxifying benefits of sweat are simply a side effect of this cooling process.Most of us come with two types of sweat glands:eccrine glands and apocrine glands.Eccrine glands cover the majority of your body and are responsible for the cooling effect of sweating. Eccrine sweat is almost entirely water with a little salt and potassium,but it also contains trace amounts of ammonia,uric acid and urea―all waste byproducts of the body’s metabolism of nitrogen.Since sweat is associated with body odor,you might think that that foul stench has something to do with the toxins and bodily waste flushed out by sweating.But that’s not the case.The liver and kidneys―with help from the rest of the urinary system and digestive system―do99percent of the heavy lifting when it comes to ridding the body of waste,toxic or otherwise. Only tiny amounts of toxins and waste products,like the ammonia and urea mentioned above,are found in sweat.Sweat itself has no odor.The smelly effect is the fault of apocrine glands located in the groin,armpits and other hairy body parts.These glands produce sweat that’s rich with fatty proteins. Apocrine sweat is still odorless,but bacteria colonies in these warm,moist areas metabolize the proteins,creating that famously foul smell.24-26Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the text.24.Dermatologists disagree with beauty experts concerning how to remove dead skin cells with special cleansers or washcloths.A)True.B)False.25.Sauna lovers make use of sweating to remove body wastes.A)True.B)False.26.The smelly odor of sweat is not caused by toxins and waste products in sweat but by fatty proteins.A)True.B)False.27.What is the best title for the text?A)Do You Really Know Your Skin?C)Things Dermatologists Didn’t Tell YouB)How Does Your Skin Eliminate Waste?D)The Secrets and Misconceptions of SweatingQuestions28-30(Suggested completion time:7minutes)Directions:Read the following news and answer the questions according to the news.The number of calls to fire crews to help lift obese people from their homes has more than doubled in five years,figures revealed on July15,2018.In2017firefighters were called out909 times to help move morbidly obese patients,compared to426times in2012.Between2012and2017,the latest figures available show there were3,873callouts made to help the immobile and overweight in Britain.One patient who had to be moved weighed60stones(about381kilograms),according to West Midlands fire chiefs.Campaigners say the figures are draining already overstretched fire services and are further proof that the Government urgently needs to get a grip on the spiraling obesity crisis.Dispatching a fire engine is thought to cost in the region of£400,meaning such callouts may have cost more than£1.4million since2012.Tam Fry,chairman of the National Obesity Forum,a charity which raises awareness in Britain,said:“The rise comes as no surprise.It’s not only a drain but the fire service is there to put out fires and each time they are called to an emergency rescue of an obese person they are away from doing their proper job.It will be truly awful if some overweight person is responsible for diverting a fire crew from their day job.The rescues have been building up steadily for the last15years and will continue to do so until we have a proper obesity strategy delivered by the Government.The fall,if any,______28______for another10years because of the huge number of people who are being increasingly affected by morbid obesity.”The figures,which were released following Freedom of Information requests,might be even higher because only42of the52fire services in Britain responded.One obesity victim,John Morris,was twice hoisted from his home by firefighters for medical treatment following a fall.The25st.cafe boss was lifted50ft out of his home in Aberystwyth, west Wales.Paramedics said John,then69,was too big to be carried down the stairs.They were forced to call in a fire brigade high ladder to get him out and to a hospital.John’s route to the waiting ambulance swung him out over a pub where regulars gathered outside to watch.28.Which of the following most logically fills in the blank?A)assumes massive proportions C)brings a favorable turnB)will solve the problem D)will probably not take place29.What is the meaning of the word hoisted?A)elevated B)ousted C)dragged D)held30.Which is the best title for the news?A)Fire service to be banned from rescuing obese people C)UK’s pressure in fighting against obesity mountingB)Firefighters’new job in the UK:Be the help of the obese D)Heavy toll on firefighters as call-outs to move the obese soar。
the world is a chessboard 吐格鲁克 外研社杯 双语演讲稿 2018 冠军
The world is a chessboard, on which we play a game that was never supposed to be fair but still excites us with its numerous possibilities.When I was 16, my dad recommended that I should sign up for a chess club and learn how to play. So I went, and my level was good enough to play against a bunch of 10 year olds. What’s even more humiliating was that I actually had a hard time playing against them. So reasonably, I became skeptical of the game and thought that it was unfair.You know on the chessboard there’s a king, a queen, rooks(车), bishops(象), knights(马), and pawns(兵), different pieces with different status and importance possessing different capabilities. They stand in their strictly drawn little squares and line up accordingly to their value.And let’s face it. It’s the same in real life. Some of us matter, while some of us don’t, at least not that much. Among the very first lines of “the Declaration Of Independence(独立宣言)”, this one goes: “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal.”What a beautiful line, but how can we convince ourselves that we are born equal while our ancestors didn’t die equal? I hate to say this, but we do inherit most of the social capitals that get to decide what kind of a role we start with when we come to this world.However, the game still gets played for a reason. The board of 64little squares is magically enough to create a stage for wonderful things to happen. In just the first four moves there are 318 million different ways to play. And in a game between two equal players there will be around 50 moves in total and just think about many moves we take in life time. I’ll say countless. And no one is able to predict what’s going to happen next, which, I think, is the true beauty of our world.And that just paints a silver lining, like a little solider, like you and me. Because with a little but sufficient ability to checkmate and then win the game by planning out my tactics and encountering the coincidences along the way. I may somehow work mu way up until the last rank and become a queen at the end of the game. The world is not fair, but it doesn’t make it any less worthy of living. So go play with what you have carefully but boldly at the same time to unleash the unknown possibilities of life or change the game.Thank you.。
2018年度学科竞赛奖科技竞赛奖评选方案
2018年度学科竞赛奖、科技竞赛奖评选方案一、评选原则1、学科竞赛奖、科技竞赛奖均为了鼓励广大同学通过积极参与各类赛事，提高自身素质，为校争光。
2、学科竞赛奖分为三个等级，一等奖3000元/人，二等奖2000元/人，三等奖1000元/人；科技竞赛奖分为三个等级，一等奖3000元/人，二等奖2000元/人，三等奖1000元/人。
各个等级获奖人数按照当年参与竞赛的学生人数与获得奖励的质量确定。
总获奖人数不超过总参赛人数的60%，总奖励金额均不超过20万元。
3、评分原则说明：A、不能出现某同学获得多个不同低赛事、低等级的竞赛奖，累加后得分相对较高，甚至高于某单个高赛事的得分；B、不能出现某团队的成员在团队贡献上相对较低，但其单项得分与其他成员相同；C、某团队的同一作品获得同一级别同一类型赛事奖励，不得累加计算得分；D、同一名同学在同一时间同一赛事不同项目获奖或者获得多个奖项，取该名同学在该赛事中获得单项分数最高的奖项计算；E、本评选对象仅为在校本科生。
二、各指标分值确定1、影响因子学科竞赛和科技竞赛赛事的影响因子与赛事的等级和影响力有关，最高值为5分，以0.5分为刻度。
以下为各竞赛赛事的影响因子：科技竞赛2、等级分值等级分值与竞赛级别和获奖等级均有关，最高值为100分，以10分为刻度。
以下为各个等级的分值：3、作者排序作者排序只与团队参与竞赛的作者排序有关，如提供作者排序的奖项，第一作者值为1，以后按照0.01的分值递减，即第二作者值为0.99，第三为0.98……4、附加获得不同竞赛奖励的同学，在累加得分时，减去附加值，附加值计算为：50*（获得竞赛奖励次数-1），如某同学获得3项奖励，则附加值为50*（3-1）=100。
（因通常竞赛奖项单项得分不低于50分，故以50定为因子，若兼得竞赛奖项中出现单项得分低于50分，则该项在累加中不予计算）。
2018外研社阅读大赛初赛解析
2018外研社阅读大赛初赛解析一、赛事背景2018外研社阅读大赛是一项旨在提高学生英语阅读理解能力的比赛。
初赛是整个比赛的第一轮，是选拔出进入决赛的学生的关键环节。
本次比赛由外研社主办，吸引了全国各地的数千名学生参与。
二、初赛形式初赛共有两个部分：阅读理解和完形填空。
阅读理解部分涵盖了不同主题的短文，要求学生根据短文内容回答问题。
完形填空则要求学生根据上下文的意义选择正确的单词或短语填入空白处，以完整文章。
三、阅读理解解析1. 题型解析阅读理解题型多种多样，包括主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题等。
学生在解答问题时要仔细阅读短文，抓住关键信息，理解上下文的逻辑关系。
2. 解题技巧- 预测答案：在阅读短文之前，可以先阅读问题，尝试预测答案。
这样可以帮助学生在阅读过程中更加有针对性地寻找相关信息。
- 留意关键词：关键词通常与问题中的关键词相对应，通过寻找关键词可以更快地找到答案。
- 划线标记：在阅读短文时，可以用铅笔或笔记本上的记号标记出关键信息或问题的关键词，以便在回答问题时更方便地找到答案。
四、完形填空解析1. 题型解析完形填空是考察学生对语法和词汇的掌握程度以及对文章整体意义的理解能力。
学生需要通过上下文的暗示来选择正确的单词或短语填入空格。
2. 解题技巧- 理解上下文：通过理解上下文的意义，可以推测出空缺处应填入的单词或短语。
尤其要注意上下文的逻辑关系，以确保填入的单词或短语符合文章的整体意义。
- 词形变化：有时候需要将单词的形式进行变化，如名词变为动词或形容词等，以适应句子的需要。
- 选项排除：如果在选项中找不到合适的答案，可以通过排除法来确定正确答案的可能性。
五、备战建议1. 多读多练：阅读是提高阅读理解能力的关键。
学生应该多读各种类型的英语文章，提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。
同时，也可以通过做一些类似的练习题来巩固所学知识。
2. 积累词汇：扩大词汇量是提高阅读理解能力的重要一环。
学生可以通过背单词、阅读英文原版书籍等方式来积累词汇。
2018年大学生学科和技能竞赛安排表
中国建设工程造价管理协会等
建筑学院
B
58 全国大学生可持续建筑设计竞赛
全国高等学校建筑学学科专业指导委员会
建筑学院
B
59 安徽省大学生结构设计竞赛
安徽省教育厅
建筑学院
B
60 全国职业院校技能大赛
教育部等部委
教务处
A
7
4 3 3 4
5 1
第 2 页，共 2 页
安徽省教育厅
计算机学院
B
45 “挑战杯”全国大学生系列科技学术竞赛
教育部等部委
团委
A
46 安徽省大学生科普创意创新大赛
安徽省科学技术协会、安徽省教育厅、共青团安徽省委员会 团委
B
47 “昆山花桥杯”全国大学生职业生涯规划大赛（含省 教育部等多部委联合举办
团委
B
48 赛 全） 国大学生艺术展演
教育部
影视传媒学院
2018年大学生学科和技能竞赛安排表
序号
项目名称
1 “互联网+”大学生创新创业大赛
2 全国大学生创业大赛
3 安徽青年创业大赛
4 安徽省青年互联网创业大赛
5 全国大学生原创动漫大赛
6 全国大学生广告艺术大赛
7 安徽美术大展•艺术设计展
8 中国高等院校设计艺术大赛
9 安徽省动漫大赛
10 全国大学生智能汽车竞赛
商贸学院
B
36 安徽省大学生国际贸易综合技能大赛
安徽省教育厅
商贸学院
B
37 全国大学生市场调查分析大赛
教育部高等学校统计学类专业教学指导委员会、中国商业统计 商贸学院
B
38 大学生创新创业ERP管理大赛
学中会国高等教育学会等
2018外研社杯全国英语写作大赛样题
2018外研社杯全国英语写作大赛样题1.Writing demonstrates a strong command of the English language。
including grammar。
vocabulary。
and sentence structure;2.Writing uses appropriate and varied sentence structures;3.XXX effective use of language to convey ideas andXXX.The 2018 "Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press Cup" nal English Writing XXXXXX:Preliminary and semi-final rounds: Participants are required to write one argumentative essay (approximately 500 words) and one expository or n essay (300-500 words) within 120 minutes。
with a total score of 100 points.Final round: Participants are required to write one argumentative essay (approximately 800 words) and one narrative essay (600-800 words) within 180 minutes。
with a total score of 100 points.Note: XXX as an example of the n format and does not provide reference answers.XXXParticipants are required to write an expository essay (300-500 words)。
2018外研社杯全国英语写作大赛样题
2018外研社杯全国英语写作大赛样题-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One12018“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛样题比赛考查题型说明：1. 初赛和复赛：比赛题型为议论文写作1篇（500词左右）、说明文/应用文写作1篇（300-500词），写作时间共120分钟，满分100分。
2. 决赛：比赛题型为议论文写作1篇（800词左右）、记叙文写作1篇（600-800词），写作时间共180分钟，满分100分。
注：本样题中，说明文和应用文以初/复赛赛题为例，议论文和记叙文以决赛赛题为例。
样题仅供了解题型，不提供参考答案。
类型1 说明文写作（Expository Writing）比赛内容：选手完成一篇说明文写作（300-500词）。
侧重考查选手解说事物、阐明事理的能力，以及运用知识、观察理解、梳理分析、提炼总结、跨文化沟通的综合能力。
评分标准（总分50分）：Note:AQI0-50 Good51-100 Moderate101-150Lightly polluted151-200Moderately polluted201-300Heavily polluted类型 2 应用文写作（Practical Writing）比赛内容：选手完成一篇应用文写作（300-500词）。
侧重考查选手使用得体的格式、内容和语言实现有效沟通、达到交际目的的能力。
评分标准（总分50分）：Practical Writing评分标准（总分50分）：plan. It was then that I noticed for the very first time that weed-toting boy could not see: he was blind.。
关于组织学生参加2018年外研社杯全国英语
关于组织学生参加2018年“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛的通知校属各教学单位：为检验我校英语教学质量和教改水平，测试学生的英语综合应用能力，激发学生学习英语的积极性，经学校研究决定组织我校学生参加2018年“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛。
有关事项通知如下：一、大赛组织机构1、大赛承办单位：教务处、国际语言文化学院2、大赛组织委员会主任：陈红副主任：旷锦云、尹明、肖平、刘代容成员：马骞、周海燕、李婷、彭妍玲、彭云、田有兰、高廷芬、张春生、杨小龙二、参赛资格地面赛场：全国具有高等学历教育招生资格的普通高等学校在校本、专科学生、研究生，35岁以下，中国国籍。
网络赛场：全国具有高等学历教育招生资格的普通高等学校在校本、专科学生、研究生和外籍留学生，35岁以下。
曾获得往届“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛、“外研社杯”全国英语辩论赛、出国及港澳交流奖项的选手不包括在内。
(网络赛场详情见通知后的备注)三、地面赛场程序2018“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛包括“地面赛场”和“网络赛场”两种形式。
“地面赛场”初赛由云南财经大学组织，选拔选手参加云南省级复赛，每个地区复赛前3名选手参加全国决赛。
1、云南财经大学校级海选：9月12日至9月24日报名选手准备提交一段参赛视频。
9月25日至29日，云南财经大学组委会邀请专家组成评审团，对参赛选手提交的演讲视频进行初审，报名总数50%的选手进入下一轮校级淘汰赛，选手可在9月29日以后登录云南财经大学国际语言文化学院官网查看晋级名单。
演讲题目见附件，视频要求如下：演讲视频要求：（1）时间要求：9月12日至9月24日；（2）视频内容要求：以大赛组委会公布的定题演讲题目视频为依据，自定标题进行3分钟英语演讲，不得超时，提交视频时须提供视频标题；（3）视频质量要求：图像与声音清晰，无杂音，为一个完整的演讲视频文件，不得进行编辑、裁剪等加工处理；（4）视频格式要求：支持绝大多数视频文件格式，详见官网上传页面的要求；（5）视频大小要求：不小于50M，不超过500M；（6）视频录制完成后，请以附件粘贴的方式发至大赛公共邮箱（邮箱地址见附件）。
预备党员转正公示
预备党员转正公示陈慧等16位位同志预备期将满，拟转为中共正式党员。
现予以公示，公示时间为5月28日至5月31日。
如对拟转正人员有异议，可通过来信、来访形式向外国语学院党委反映。
联系电话：86953344 联系人：李金东中共江苏理工学院外国语学院委员会2019年5月27日序号姓名性别班级任职情况介绍人（联系人）预备期起止日期备注预备期间综合/智育排名预备期间奖惩1 陈慧女15英语1（19）班级学习委员孟卫星占成2018.06至2019.06 5/6 1/32018年11月荣获2017-2018学年第二学期三等奖学金2019年4月取得中学英语教师资格证书2 赵越女15英语1（19）班级宣传委员孟卫星占成2018.06至2019.06 4/1 1/42018年11月荣获2017-2018学年第二学期二等奖学金2019年5月TEM8合格3 陈佳玉女15英语2(41)干事周玲占成2018.06至2019.06 10/13 11/262018年11月荣获西班牙语DELE A2证书；2019年2月荣获BEC中级证书；2019年5月TEM8合格4 朱倩女16英语1（30）院学生会副主席；院学生第一党支部副书记吴彦段心悦占成2018.06至2019.06 3/9 2/82018年6月荣获全国大学生“普译奖”英语翻译竞赛优胜奖;2018年10月取得TEM4合格证书;2018年11月荣获2017-2018学年第二学期二等奖学金;2018年12月荣获校“优秀学生干部”称号；2018年12月荣获校大学生志愿者暑期文化科技卫生“三下乡”社会实践“先进个人”称号;2018年12月荣获网利宝女子曲棍球世界冠军杯赛志愿者认证书;2019年4月荣获2018-2019学年第一学期二等奖学金; 2019年5月荣获“江苏省优秀学生干部”称号;2019年5月荣获常州市“一袋牛奶的暴走”志愿者认证书; 2019年5月荣获江苏省第五届LSCAT杯英译汉组一等奖；2019年5月荣获江苏省第五届LSCAT杯汉译英组优胜奖.5 何雨女16商英1（33）16商英1班团支书；18商英1班导生；院学生第二党支部副书记王燕如杨少情2018.06至2019.06 9/13 5/202017-2018学年第二学期获三等奖学金；2018-2019学年第一学期获社会工作单项奖学金；2018年10月荣获TEM4合格证书;2018年外研社杯阅读比赛校三等奖；6 苏梅女15商英3（34）院学生会外策协会会长罗雨珊杨少情2018.06至2019.06 3/10 12/202017-2018学年第一学期二等奖学金2017-2018学年第二学期二等奖学金BEC高级合格中级口译合格专八合格7 朱思佳女15德语2(23人)干事乔海飞毕文静占成2018.06-2019.06 1/6 2/42017-2018学年第二学期一等奖学金2018-2019学年第一学期三等奖学金8 崔文馨女16德语1 学习委员毕文静占成2018.06-2019.06 1/1 6/22017-2018学年第二学期校一等奖学金2018-2019学年第一学期校三等奖学金2019年5月全国大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）C类二等奖2019年5月第五届“LSCAT杯”江苏省笔译大赛（英译汉本科组）三等奖9 胡荻女16德语1(34)班长入党联系人毕文静占成2018.06-2819.06 16/22 12/172017-2018学年第二学期社会工作奖2018年校优秀共青团干2018年校优秀学生会干部2018-2019学年第一学期社会工作奖10 王大殿男16德语1（34）18德语2班导生；18日语2入党联系人毕文静占成2018.06-2019.06 4/3 6/52018年外国语学院商务英语推介大赛一等奖2017-2018学年获国家励志奖学金2017-2018学年第二学期获二等奖学金2018-2019学年第一学期获二等奖学金11 林玉婷女16德语135人新闻宣传中心部长虞子怡毕文静占成2018.06-2019.06 7/14 17/212018年优秀学生干部2018年优秀团干部2018年常州市无偿献血爱心大学生2018年寒假社会实践先进个人2017-2018学年第二学期三等奖学金2018-2019学年第一学期专业技能奖12 唐家林女15德语1 班长毕文静占成2018.06-2019.06 6/6 9/132017-2018学年第一学期三等奖学金2017-2018学年第二学期获社会工作奖德语辩论赛优胜奖13 侯婧钰女16德语2 质保委员/入党联系人臧颖蕾占成2018.06-2019.06 12/16 13/172017-2018第二学期获专业技能奖2018-2019第一学期获社会工作奖省级科研立项结业14 曹宁青女16德语2 外国语学院社联主席/班长臧颖蕾占成2018.06-2019.06 5/5 2/16省级科研立项结题2017-2018第二学期校“三好生”2017-2018第二学期校二等奖学金2018-2019第一学期校二等奖学金15 毕凯敏女16德语2 团支书臧颖蕾占成2018.06-2019.06 11/13 9/112017-2018第二学期三等奖学金2018-2019第一学期三等奖学金2018年韩语A1结业韩语书法比赛二等奖省级科研立项结业16 杨紫瑶女16德语2干事臧颖蕾占成2018.06-2019.06 14/15 8/102017-2018第二学期三等奖学金2018-2019第一学期三等奖学金。
淮阴师范学院教务处文件
淮阴师范学院教务处文件
教字〔2018〕65 号
────────────────────
关于公布淮阴师范学院2018年本科生
学科竞赛级别认定结果的通知
各单位：
根据《淮阴师范学院学科竞赛管理办法》（淮师办【2012】40号）和《淮阴师范学院学科竞赛管理办法》补充说明，学校组织开展了2018年学科竞赛项目申报工作，二级学院在论证遴选的基础上推荐了一批专业性强、影响大的学科、技能和创新创业类竞赛项目，经学校教学指导委员会投票评审，认定“中国‘互联网+’大学生创新创业大赛”等 97个竞赛项目。
现将认定结果予以公布。
附件：2018年淮阴师范学院本科生学科竞赛级别认定结果
教务处
2018年7月4日
附件：
2018年淮阴师范学院本科生学科竞赛级别认定结果。
“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题课件.doc
2016“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time allowed: 22 minutes)Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes on the left with the people on the right. Please note there are two extra options you do not need to use._____1. Give me a lever long enough and a fulcrum on A. John Lockewhich to place it, and I shall move the world. B. Archimedes_____2.Morality is not the doctrine of how we may make C. Aristotleourselves happy, but how we may make ourselves worthy D. Immanuel Kantof happiness. E. Steve Jobs_____3.You can't connect the dots looking forward; youcan only connect them looking backwards. So you have totrust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.Questions 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.To ensure the high standards of facilities we need to build new wards, laboratories and consulting rooms. In short, we need your help now. Complete the coupon today and rest assured that your donation is going to the best possible cause.4. Where is the piece of text taken from?A. an advertisementB. an instruction bookletC. a storyD. a newspaperQuestions 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Few corners of the world remain untainted by intrepid tourists, and their impact is often devastating. Too frequently they trample heedlessly on fragile environments, displacing wildlifeand local populations in their insatiable quest for unexplored locations.5. What is the best title for this text?A. The future of tourismB. The role of tourismC. The price of tourismD. The benefits of tourismQuestions 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Buying and selling anything is your forte now. If you visit a jumble or car-boot sale or the like,a romantic encounter is more than probable! News linked to the family is brilliant!6. What type of text is this?A. A personal advertisement.B. A personal horoscope.C. A friend’s letter of advice.D. A written warning.Questions 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.With our travel agency, the holiday you book is the holiday you get. If you arrive and findwe’v e failed to live up to our promises, let us know what the problem is within one day of your arrival. We ’l l spend 24 hours doing everything possible to sort the problem out. In the unlikelyevent that we can’t resolve your problem and make you happy within 24 hours, we’l l fly you home and give your money back.7. The text could best be described as __________.A. a commitmentB. an appealC. a warningD. a vowQuestions 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.The new digital cameras are great fun and very easy to use. They let you review your pictures the moment you take them, so you can re-shoot right away if you ’r e not satisfied. But remember, a digital camera is just a computer XXXX. It’s not a replacement for your ordinary camera.8. What is the meaning of the missing word (XXXX) in the text?A. “s omething that is poor quality ”B. “a n item that is not essential, something extra ”C. “s omething expensive but good value for money ”D. “a fashion which always remains popular ”Questions 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.She had gone alone, but the children were to go to the station to meet her. And loving the station as they did, it was only natural that they should be there a good hour before there wasany chance of Mother ’s train arriving, even if the train were punctual, which was most unlikely.9. What can you say about their mother ’s train?A. It would probably be early.B. It would probably be on time.C. It would probably be late.D. It had been cancelled.Question 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: The bar chart shows the number and proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions, from 1990?1992 to 2014?2016. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source:The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report201510. Choose the INCORRECT description about the chart.A. Current estimates suggest that nearly one in nine individuals do not have enough to eatbetween 2014 and 2016.B. Projections indicate that the 2015 MDG target is nearly reached, with 12.9 per cent ofundernourished population.C. The situation noticeably improved during the years 1995-1999, but went down in thefirst five years of the new millennium.D. The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has fallen by almosthalf since 1990.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time allowed: 38 minutes)Question 11-12 (Suggested completion time: 10 minutes)Directions: Read the definitions of two types of logical fallacy. Answer the questions according tothe definitions.Poisoning the WellPoisoning the well is a rhetorical technique and logical fallacy where adverseinformation about a target is preemptively presented to an audience, with theintention of discrediting or ridiculing everything that the target person is aboutto say. It uses the association of negative emotions to distract a subject fromactual evidence in an argument.11. Which of the following provides a typical example of poisoning the well?A. That ’m s y stance on funding the education system, and anyone who disagrees with mehates children.B. You are so weird. That means —we are pretty much sure —that your whole family is weird,too.C. God exists because the Bible says so. The Bible is inspired. Therefore, we know that Godexists.D. I don’t care what you say. We don ’t need any more bookshelves. As long as the carpet isclean, we are fine.False DilemmaA false dilemma arises when we allow ourselves to be convinced that we haveto choose between two and only two mutually exclusive options, when that isuntrue. Generally, when this rhetorical strategy is used, one of the options isunacceptable and repulsive, while the other is the one the manipulator wantsus to choose. Whoever succumbs to this trap has thus made a choice that isforced, and as such, of little value.12. Which of the following provides a typical example of a false dilemma?A. Smoking is harmful to health, so you are supposed to quit smoking.B. If the government doesn ’t reduce public spending, our ec ow ni o ll m coy lla ps e.C. You may as well avoid overeating, or else you might be obese in no time.D. You are the worst of the classmates; therefore, what you say is incredible.Questions 13 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about syllogism. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid or Invalidbased on the principles of syllogism.Syllogism is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusionbased on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true. It is perhaps today ’s most commonly accepted form of logical reasoning in aptitude tests. The most commonly usedtype of syllogisms is elucidated in a frequently used example:Premise 1: All men are mortal.Premise 2: Socrates is a man.Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.Now practice syllogisms for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoningand doesn ’t necessarily represent the “.truth ”always13. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: All human action is conditioned by circumstances.Premise 2: All human action involves morality.Conclusion: All that involves morality is conditioned by circumstances.Questions 14 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about contraposition. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid orInvalid based on the principles of contraposition.In logic, contraposition is a law that says that a conditional statement is logically equivalent toits contrapositive. The contrapositive of the statement has its antecedent andconsequent inverted and flipped. The most commonly used type of contraposition is elucidatedin the following example:Premise 1: If it is raining, then there are clouds in the sky.Premise 2: There are no clouds in the sky.Conclusion: It is not raining.Now practice contraposition for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logicalreasoning and doesn ’t necessarily represent the “truth ”always.14. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: If he is not an American, he is not from Texas.Premise 2: He is from Texas.Conclusion: He is an American.Questions 15-17 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a science discovery. Answer the questions according to the text.Manipulating MemoryMemory is notoriously malleable. Our recollections fade and take onnew meanings; sometimes we remember things that never evenhappened. But 15 .Recently, however, scientists have started to grasp and tinker withmemory’sphysical basis. Last year, in work evocative of films suchas Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and Inception, researchers discovered ways to manipulate specific memories in mice using optogenetics, a powerful technique that can triggernerve cells in animals ’b rains by zapping them with beams of laser light. In a series of experiments, they showed that they could delete exi sting memories and “incept ” false ones.This year, researchers went even further: switching the emotional content of a memory in micefrom bad to good and vice versa. Under the laser, for example, male mice that had once associated a certain room with being shocked were tricked into acting as though they had oncemet friendly female mice there instead.Whether the mice in these experiments actually experienced vivid false memories or just a fuzzysense of pleasure or fear is unclear. Nor is it clear whether the findings apply to the tricks ofmemory so familiar to people. Long-sought therapeutic advances, such as treatments forpost-traumatic stress disorder, could remain far off. One thing is certain, however: Once considered beyond scientific dissection, memory is finally starting to yield its secrets.15. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in the passage?A. what is really happening in our brain as memories are remodeled remains mysteriousB. scientists are curious about why people are oblivious to what have happened to themC. advanced technology has helped scientists discover the workings of our brainD. some scientists argue that what we observe about human memory is not what it really is16. The word i n“c ept” is closest in meaning to________.A. operateB. startC. detectD. occupy17. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. People ’s false memories result from the impact of different emotion provoked by laterexperience on the same spot.B. The success in research indicates that it won ’t be long that a therapy is worked out forpeople disturbed by painful memory.C. By zapping the brain cells of mice with light, researchers are able to create, erase, oralter their memories, good or bad.D. Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are based on them actually drawgreatly upon scientific achievement.Questions 18-19 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following passage about cholera. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the passage.A child receives the oral cholera vaccine ShancholCholera is caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. Approximately one in 20 people infected with cholera has a serious case, with symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting, andleg cramps. These symptoms quickly cause dehydration and shock, and can result in death within hours if the infected person doesn ’rteceive treatment. Cholera is typically transmitted by contaminated food or water. In areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water, the feces of people with cholera can enter the water supply and spread quickly, resulting in an epidemic. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in some coastal waters, so shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera in affected areas.18. Cholera is known to be a life-threatening disease which easily causes death of most of the patients.True ( ) False ( )19. Cholera typically occurs in areas near the sea or the river where contaminated food is a major source of the disease.True ( ) False ( )Questions 20-21 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the abstract of a research paper from the DeepMind website. Decide whetherthe statements are True or False according to the abstract.Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendAuthors: K. M. Hermann, T. Ko?isky, E. Grefenstette, L. Espeholt, W. Kay, M. Suleyman, P.Blunsom Published: NIPS 2015Abstract:Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale training and test datasetshave been missing for this type of evaluation. In this work we define a new methodology that resolves this bottleneck and provides large scale supervised reading comprehension data. This allows us to develop a class of attention based deep neural networks that learn to read real documents and answer complex questions with minimal prior knowledge of language structure.20. Previous studies didn ’t a t ke constant effort to evaluate the reading ability of artificial intelligence machines, which was why the present research was conducted.True ( ) False ( )21. One implication of the research is that a methodology that helps gather and handle big datais indispensible to artificial intelligence related studies.True ( ) False ( )Questions 22-23 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about the “Thinksmall ”a dvertising campaign. Answer the questions according to the passage.Think SmallIf you ’rienterested in marketing and advertising, Volkswagen ’ s“Think small ”c ampaign for the Beetle when it was firstintroduced to North America in 1959 looms large as one of thegreatest advertising campaigns of all time. It wasn’tjust arevolution in automotive advertising; it changed the entireindustry.Until the Beetle hit the market, automotive marketing copy wasfull of bluster, and the images were flights of fancy, emphasizinglow, long lines and a fantasy lifestyle.The clean, simple photography on a white background that emphasized the Beetle ’s compact, p r a f o c t r i m c a m l ay seem commonplace these days, but it wasa revolution in a world where Americans grew up obsessed with muscle cars, horsepower, andtire smoke. Making the car small, when the convention was to make it fill the page, was also novel. The simplistic approach to design and layout was totally contrary to the advertising conventions of the time.__ 22__ The text was minimalist in both look and content, presenting the facts simply insteadof trying to weave tall tales and fantasies; and instead of bluster, it ushered in an intelligent senseof humor that made readers feel like they were in on the joke. The message was one of smartanti-luxury, and took gentle aim at an industry obsessed with superficiality and styling, rather than the substance underneath the car bodies.Not only does “Think small ” continue to inspire Volkswagen advertising to this day, it ushered in a creative revolution in the advertising business and changed the world of marketing forever. “Thinksmall ”s howed the power of humor and hon esty, and its photographic and design principles brought about a major shift in the look and feel of marketing around the world.22. Which of the sentences below best fits the numbered space in the passage?A. What defined the ad even more than its visual style was the tone of its copy.B. This ad starts off doing the exact opposite of what you would expect in a car ad.C. This was an exercise in minimalism and a very accurate reflection on the product itself.D. The car wasn ’t depicted as an integral piece of t d h a e i l y lives of a middle class family.23. It can be inferred that the advertising conventions of the 1950s were reflected in the following except that ___________.A. the ads in the 1950s typically showed proud owners and passengers evoking great joyabout new shiny big acquisitions.B. the marketing concept then focused on providing as much information as possible to thereader such as the way it ’s created.C. the marketing schemes associated the advertised product with an idea or a way of livingfrom average consumers ’ perspective.D. the marketing practice may attach importance to a sense of humor brought by the use ofexaggerated language.Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passageson the same subject. You will be required toidentify the writer ’p sosition and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer ’sarguments. (Time allowed: 30 minutes)Questions 24-35 (Suggested completion time: 30 minutes)Directions: Read three passages about fashion. Answer the questions according to the passages.Passage AIt ’s not that easy to answer the question, “what is fashion? ”because it means different things t different people. Fashion is an art. It ’a sreligion. It ’a sjob. It ’a speek into a personality. It ’splayfulness. It ’a n s escape or a disguise. It is a feast for the eyes. But ultimately, 25 .French fashion designer Coco Chanel once said, “Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what ishappening. ”It ’s true. Fashion isn ’t defined solely by our clothing choices, but is also conveyed through theway we carry ourselves, our personalities and our views of the world. At its most fundamental,fashion is simply the prevailing style or custom, as in dress or behavior.So, who exactly answers the question “whatis fashion ”W?h o decides what ’fsashionable andwhat isn ’t? What ’s in or what ’s out?Fashion Designers. The iconic fashion houses—Prada, Gucci, Chanel—are referred to as hautecouture, French for “high sewing. ”These designers lead the way in c r-e s e a t i n i n g g t f r a e s n h d i o n.While some of their designs are outrageous and completely unrealistic when it comes toeveryday wear, generally the theme is adapted into versions suitable for wearing.Media. Fashion trends are often sparked by characters on popular television shows and movies aswell as adopted from magazine pages. “Sex and the City, Wea”r s P“r a d T a h,e D”e vitlhese showsintroduced us to new, cutting-edge designs. While you might not be caught dead wearing aCarrie Bradshaw original, you might take ideas inspired from her look and piece together yourown creation.Celebrities. A prime example of a celebrity-driven fashion trend? UGGs. Until Kate Hudson andJessica Simpson were spotted wearing them around L.A. several years ago, no one had given anythought to UGG boots. Now they are everywhere.Musicians. Musicians have always been very influential when it comes to dictating fashion. Rock‘n’ riosllfashion. Elvis is an iconic example. In the 1950s, everyone wanted to dress like Elvis.What about the heavy metal hair bands so popular in the 1980s? Axl Rose reinvented the headbandana while Poison, Motley Crue and Bon Jovi set the pace for big, rocker hair.Just because you don ’t know if a Prada bag is fall 2007 or spring 2008 doesn ’t matter. All tha matters is that you like it and it ’s an expression of you. That is fashion.Passage BFashion is more prevalent in modern society than in primitive tribes or peasant communities. Themodern society is an open society where class distinctions are not so rigid as in primitive society.Its urban and mobile class structure enables people to cultivate individual taste and adopt newcourse. The modern society is more tolerant of differences and therefore places few shackles onthe cycle of fashion. Our standards of judgment have also changed. Today the individual is ratedmore by observable externalities than by his ancestry, his character or his genuine accomplishments. The clothes a man wears, the language he speaks, the manners he shows havemore weight in ascribing a status than his simplicity, patriotism and integrity.If he can keep himself up to date in the matters of his dress, speech and manners, he will assurehimself a high social esteem. Not only the mobile and urban character of modern society but itsaffluence also speaks for greater prevalence of fashion in it. Men today are richer than theirancestors and have more leisure. They have the necessary means and time to play with luxuriesand to think of fashion. Maclver writes: We do not think of fashion in overalls; there is more offashion in the body of an automobile than in its chassis. There is no fashion in steam shovels.Consequently the higher the standard of living the more material there is for fashion to operateupon.Passage CAs summer has officially faded into the colder weather of autumn, I assumed the days of Nikeshorts, comically large T-shirts and polos would be only a memory of yesterday. This has not beenthe case.Fashion, in and of itself, is already a type of conformism. In order to be considered fashion, a look,a garment or a stylistic choice must be deemed fashionable.Who gets to decide this — what is fashionable? While certain fashion heavyweights play a role inthis decision, the ultimate decision is left to the public.As I was surfing the Web recently for inspiration for this column, I came across the Prada website.What I discovered literally caused me to gasp. Of course, everyone knows Prada is an expensivebrand— a luxury— but what I discovered shocked me: a keychain priced at $180. No, this keychainwas not solid gold or encased in diamonds. It was simply a keychain: a skull with the wordon a small charm.How can a company charge $180 for a keychain? The answer: people are willing to pay for it.People know the brand and conform to the idea of owning a piece of such an Italian “luxury. ”This is nonsensical. Why do we choose to wear miniscule shorts in frigid weather or spend nearly$200 on a charm? Such decisions are influenced by peers, the media and the personal resolutionto not make rational, individualistic choices. We cling to the idea of acceptance.In short, we often choose to abide by the pressures of social conventionality, and this leads us tomake ridiculous selections—pairing Ugg boots with shorts or wearing neon with camouflage—which we would otherwise not make.I am certainly shamefaced in my occasional conformity to these ludicrous fashion folkways. I amguilty of donning Crocs in public. Yikes!Transient, often preposterous trends referred to as fads inspire some rather strange ideas. Whocan recall the pet rocks of the ‘70s or Popples o S f u t h c e h pop tren‘d s 8a0r s e?n o t confined tobehavior; they bleed into the fashion world, evidenced in overly distressed jeans, the mostpainful of neon shades, shoes that resemble Swiss cheese and a host of other fads I do not havethe space to mention.I refuse to give up hope for societal common sense.One day we will comprehend that shorts are for the summer and ridiculously expensivekeychains are for “D n o e v n e o r t. al”l ow others to dictate for you. Be bold. Be an individual. Do notbuy the keychain.24. The phrase mig“h t not be caught dead”in Passage A most probably means ______.A. would rather not die anywayB. might not be caught red handedC. would refuse completely to do somethingD. might be uneasy though doing something25. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in Passage A?A. fashion is an individual statement of expression for each of usB. fashion facilitates social change by providing a transitional stageC. fashion is not an individual choice but a group choiceD. fashion determines our speech, opinion, dress, music, art, etc.26. It can be inferred from Passage A that fashion designers, media, celebrities and musiciansshare the following views except ______.A. that fashion is anything but separated from the daily life of ordinary people.B. that nothing completely absurd and unrealistic can finally become fashion.C. that fashion is what society accepts and has an element of social sanction behind it.D. that if a particular choice remains confined to an individual it can ’t be called fashion.27. The word aff“l uence”in Passage B is closest in meaning to ______.A. versatilityB. wealthinessC. peculiarityD. charisma28. According to Passage B, which of the following attributes may probably be more importantthan others for an individual to be favorably received now?A. A wide range of erudition.B. Loyalty to his or her friends.C. A passion for popular novels.D. Good virtues such as honesty.29. Which of the following is NOT true about the author ’s attitude towards fashion according to Passage C?A. The author thinks it a waste of time mentioning a list of examples of irrational fads.B. People are mad about fashion and therefore lose their own good judgment.C. The author never allows himself to be carried away by the fashion trends.D. Behind the behavior of keeping up with fashion is a need to stay in the crowd.30-31. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the three passages.30. All the three passages agree that fashion plays a role in the interplay of class relations that itsatisfies the contrary desires for novelty and for conformity.True ( ) False ( )31. None of the three passages are denying conventional social values in people ’s judgment example, what ’s considered good about things or people.True ( ) False ( )Part IV Read and CreateIn Part IV, you will read a passage and then write a short essay according to it. You should write with clarity and logic. (Time allowed: 40 minutes)Question 32 (Suggested completion time: 40 minutes)Directions: Read a passage from Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking the Truth in the Sciences. Write a short essay according to the passage.⋯And as a multitude of laws often only hampers justice, so that a state is best governed when, with few laws, these are rigidly administered; in like manner, instead of the great number of precepts of which logic is composed, I believed that the four following would prove perfectly sufficient for me, provided I took the firm and unwavering resolution never in a single instance tofail in observing them.The first was never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is to say, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to comprise nothing more in my judgment than what was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly as to exclude all ground of doubt.The second, to divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as possible,and as might be necessary for its adequate solution.The third, to conduct my thoughts in such order that, by commencing with objects the simplestand easiest to know, I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the more complex; assigning in thought a certain order even to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence.And the last, in every case to make enumerations so complete, and reviews so general, that Imight be assured that nothing was omitted.The long chains of simple and easy reasonings by means of which geometers are accustomed to reach the conclusions of their most difficult demonstrations, had led me to imagine that all things, to the knowledge of which man is competent, are mutually connected in the same way,and that there is nothing so far removed from us as to be beyond our reach, or so hidden that we cannot discover it, provided only we abstain from accepting the false for the true, and always preserve in our thoughts the order necessary for the deduction of one truth from another. And Ihad little difficulty in determining the objects with which it was necessary to commence, for Iwas already persuaded that it must be with the simplest and easiest to know, and, consideringthat of all those who have hitherto sought truth in the sciences, the mathematicians alone have been able to find any demonstrations, that is, any certain and evident reasons, I did not doubtbut that such must have been the rule of their investigations.32. Answer the topic questions with no less than 300 words. You should write in YOUR OWN words:What is the main issue that Descartes explores in this part of the text,and what’s his method? What ’s your OWN understanding of the methods proposed by Descartes?。
“外研社”杯全国高等职业院校英语写作大赛研究——以公共英语组复赛为例
213国内刊号 C N 61-1499/C 2020年10月（下）曹丛丛（三亚理工职业学院，海南三亚 572022）“外研社”杯全国高等职业院校英语写作大赛研究——以公共英语组复赛为例摘 要：“外研社”杯全国高职高专英语写作大赛，是国内规模最大的面向在校大学生举办的全国性英语写作赛事。
我校从2018年开始系统地组织学生参加该比赛，并多次获得优异成绩。
以“外研社”杯全国高职高专英语写作大赛的公共英语组复赛为例，本文从复赛备赛培训安排、参赛经验分析及对教学的启发等方面进行分析总结，从而达到“以赛促学，以赛促教”的作用，从而提升整体英语教学水平。
关键词：外研社杯；英语写作大赛；复赛备赛；教学一年一度的“外研社”杯全国高职高专英语写作大赛已成功举办十届，此类大赛体现高职特色，突出应用能力，内容贴近当代大学生的学习和生活，又反应未来工作岗位对英语写作能力的要求和个人职业发展的需求。
本文结合自身的辅导学生参赛的经验，将从赛事安排、比赛总结和大赛对教学的启发方面谈进行论述。
一、“外研社”杯全国高等职业院校英语写作大赛介绍1.“外研社”杯全国高等职业院校英语写作大赛的发展及现状“外研社”杯全国高等职业院校英语写作大赛是由外语教学与研究出版社主办，面向全国高职学生的公益性赛事。
大赛分为英语专业组和公共英语组，其中公共英语组是指除商务英语、旅游英语、英语教育、应用英语专业的之外的其他专业的学生。
迄今为止，大赛已连续成功举办十届，并逐渐成为国内极具权威且规模最大的高职类英语写作大赛。
2.复赛写作形式和内容复赛为现场写作，由各省（自治区、直辖市）复赛组委会指定承办单位组织实施。
可选择“在线写作”或“纸质写作”的形式。
公共英语组复赛题的写作写作时间共120分钟，内容包括两部分，第一部分为应用文写作，包括边条、备忘录、通知等等；第二部分为图表作文，要求看图画，根据图表规定情境、大纲提示来完成图表描述及个人观点的表达，命题范围较广，以文化，经济、教育、生活等方面为出题背景，重点考查学生对这些领域所出现的社会现象的思考能力和用语言来描述的能力。
试谈2018“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛定题演讲的破题与写作
２１ 对于礼仪的教育我们应该始终不懈，并根据不同学生的情况来进行不同的教育。
表２ 学生日常行为规范的调查表（％）３．对文明礼仪教育活动的重视程度。
从我们抽样调查的３００名学生的问卷可以看出，学校及班级有开展文明礼仪的相关活动。
但活动开展的范围、形式和效果还有待继续提高和加强。
重视文明礼仪的教育活动，才能高效的提高学生的文明礼仪素养，才能培养学生更好的文明行为习惯。
表３ 学校及班级开展文明礼仪教育活动的频率调查（％）三、结论与建议１．结论。
通过对我校高职生文明礼仪现状的调查分析，得出以下结论：大多数学生对文明礼仪方面的基本常识具有一定的了解，能够有较基础的辨别能力。
但是也有部分学生对文明礼仪常识了解面较狭窄，甚至有极少的学生对文明礼仪并表示漠不关心。
在日常行为规范方面，多数学生还是能够自觉做到懂礼貌、讲文明、守规矩等，但也有不少的同学处于不稳定状态，有时候能够自觉做到，但有时候也会出现不文明的行为。
学校和各班级每个学期都有开展相关文明礼仪教育活动，但有些同学参加这类活动的类型和次数较少，形式也较为单一。
２．建议。
经过对调查结果的分析，了解到我校学生文明礼仪的实际情况存在一定的问题。
就此，提出以下几点建议：要给学生营造良好的礼仪文化氛围，让学生在这样的环境中自然而然的受到熏陶，从而培养文明的自觉性。
帮助学生明确自己的优点和缺点，帮助他们找到自身的实际问题，从而不断的自我加强与完善。
加强学生的思想教育，分阶段分版块对学生进行持续的思想政治教育。
根据我院学生总体认知情况和特点，通过有效的思想教育模式，提高学生的正确意识，端正学生的日常行为规范，树立学生正确的人生观、价值观。
学院及班级应大力看展相关的活动，让同学参加多样性的活动，用实践来引导学生学习并养成文明礼仪的行为。
开展活动的力度及范围一定要大，让每个学生都有机会参与这样的教育活动，总体提高文明礼仪的认知度。
“文明礼仪教育中关于信念、情趣、审美等方面的教育，也正是学校观念文化建设的重要内容。
2018外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛样题
2018“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题赛题分值说明：1. 线上初赛：题型仅为客观题，即Read and Know，Read and Reason，Read and Question三个模块，共40题，答题时间为110分钟，满分100分。
第1-3题每题1分，第4-9题每题2分，第10题5分，第11-30题每题3分，第31-40题每题2分。
2. 复赛和决赛：题型包含客观题和主观题，即Read and Know，Read and Reason，Read and Question，Read and Create四个模块，共41题，答题时间为150分钟，满分100分。
第1-3题每题1分，第4-9题每题2分，第10题5分，第11-30题每题1.5分，第31-40题每题2分，第41题30分。
Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time allowed: 20 minutes)Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes with the people. Please note there are two extra options you do not need.Question 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.To ensure the high standards of facilities we need to build new wards, laboratories and consulting rooms. In short, we need your help now. Complete the coupon today and rest assured that your donation is going to the best possible cause.4. Where is the piece of text taken from?an advertisementA. a nan instruction bookletB. a nC. a a storyD. a a newspaperQuestion 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Few corners of the world remain untainted by intrepid tourists, and their impact is often devastating. Too frequently they trample heedlessly on fragile environments, displacing wildlife and local populations in their insatiable quest for unexplored locations.5. What is the best title for this text?A. The Future of TourismB. The Role of TourismC. The Price of TourismD. The Benefits of TourismQuestion 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.With E-book sales increasing by more than 300% for the second year, publishers delivering new revenue streams through E-book Apps, and academic publishers long having derived some 90% of their revenue online, it is a travesty to describe all this as the publishing world being "in denial" about digital.6. What is the main idea of this text?A. Publishers are making profits from E-book sales.B. Not all publishers are threatened by digital storms.C. E-books become a main source of revenue for publishers.D. Traditional publishing industry is dying out.Question 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.With our travel agency, the holiday you book is the holiday you get. If you arrive and find we've failed to live up to our promises, let us know what the problem is within one day of yourarrival. We'll spend 24 hours doing everything possible to sort the problem out. In the unlikely event that we can't resolve your problem and make you happy within 24 hours, we'll fly you home and give your money back.7. The text could best be described as__________.A. a a commitmentan appealB. a nC. a a warningD. a a vowQuestion 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.The new digital cameras are great fun and very easy to use. They let you review your pictures the moment you take them, so you can re-shoot right away if you're not satisfied. But remember, a digital camera is just a computer XXXX. It's not a replacement for your ordinary camera.8. What is the meaning of the missing word XXXX in the text?"something that is poor quality"A. "something"an item that is not essential, something extra"B. "anC. "something expensive but good value for money"D. "a "a fashion which always remains popular"Question 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.She had gone alone, but the children were to go to the station to meet her. And loving the station as they did, it was only natural that they should be there a good hour before there was any chance of Mother's train arriving, even if the train were punctual, which was most unlikely.9. What can you say about their mother's train?A. It would probably be early.B. It would probably be on time.C. It would probably be late.D. It had been cancelled.Question 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: The bar chart shows the number and proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions, from 1990-1992 to 2014-2016. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report 201510. Choose the INCORRECT description about the chart.A. The latest estimates suggest that nearly one in nine individuals do not have enough to eat between 2014 and 2016.B. Projections indicate that the 2015 MDG target is nearly reached, with 12.9 per cent of undernourished population.C. The situation noticeably improved during the years 1995-1999, but went down in the first five years of the new millennium.D. The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has fallen by almost half since 1990.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logicalinference and reasoning. (Time allowed: 55 minutes)Question 11 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following definition of a logical fallacy. Answer the question according to the definition.11. Which of the following provides a typical example of poisoning the well ? ? A. That's my stance on funding the education system, and anyone who disagrees with me hates children.B. You are so weird. That means —we are pretty much sure —that your whole family is weird, too.C. God exists because the Bible says so. The Bible is inspired. Therefore, we know that God exists.D. I don't care what you say. We don't need any more bookshelves. As long as the carpet is clean, we are fine.Question 12 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Look at the following picture and then answer the question.12. Which of the following logical fallacies does the picture illustrate?A. False Dilemma: an argument that presents a limited set of two possible categories andassumes that everything in the scope of the discussion must be an element of that setB. Guilt by Association: a fallacy used to discredit an argument for proposing an idea that is shared by some socially demonized individual or groupC. No True Scotsman: an argument coming up after someone has made a general claim about a group of things and then been presented with evidence challenging that claimD. Hasty Generalization: a fallacy committed when one forms a conclusion from a sample that is either too small or too special to be representativeQuestions 13-14 Reasoning (Suggested completion time: 10 minutes)13. Many people report that exposure to certain foods and drinks such as cheese, chocolate, and red wine, is associated with the onset of migraine headaches. Other people report that exposure to certain smells (especially strong perfumes) seems to trigger a migraine headache, and some note that exposure to bright and flickering lights can be followed by a migraine. It would seemthat a person with a tendency to get migraines should try to find out which of these situations is associated with the onset of the headache and then avoid this stimulus.All of the following, if true, would make the above recommendation impractical except:A. The time delay between the trigger and the onset of the headache can make it exceptionally difficult to identify the trigger.B. The presence of a known trigger doesn't always cause a migraine.C. In a high proportion of cases the patients report multiple triggers for their headaches.D. Most of the known triggers are common and almost unavoidable features of modern life.14. Richard:The national budget should provide significant increases in all levels of education inthe upcoming year.Natalie:That's not fair. A reduction in defense spending in peacetime may bring us excessiverisks. We can't afford it.Which of the following is the best interpretation of Natalie's argument?A. Funds saved from defense have been diverted to all levels of education.B. Highlighting spending on education dangerously impacts on spending on the military.C. The size of the military budget reflects a state's ability to fund educational activities.D. Compared with military spending, investing in education will create a financial crisis. Questions 15-17 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a science discovery. Answer the questions according to the text.Manipulating MemoryMemory is notoriously malleable. Our recollections fade and take on new meanings; sometimes we remember things that never even happened. But 15 .Recently, however, scientists have started to grasp and tinker with memory's physical basis. Last year, in work evocative of films such as Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and Inception, researchers discovered ways to manipulate specific memories in mice using optogenetics, a powerful technique that can trigger nerve cells in animals' brains by zapping them with beams of laser light. In a series of experiments, they showed that they could delete existing memoriesand "incept"false ones.This year, researchers went even further: switching the emotional content of a memory in mice from bad to good and vice versa. Under the laser, for example, male mice that had onceassociated a certain room with being shocked were tricked into acting as though they had once met friendly female mice there instead.Whether the mice in these experiments actually experienced vivid false memories or just a fuzzy sense of pleasure or fear is unclear. Nor is it clear whether the findings apply to the tricks of memory so familiar to people. Long-sought therapeutic advances, such as treatments forpost-traumatic stress disorder, could remain far off. One thing is certain, however: Once considered beyond scientific dissection, memory is finally starting to yield its secrets.Which of the following best fits the numbered space in the text?15. WhichA. what is really happening in our brain as memories are remodeled remains mysteriousB. scientists are curious about why people are oblivious to what have happened to themC. advanced technology has helped scientists discover the workings of our brainD. some scientists argue that what we observe about human memory is not what it really is16. TheThe word "incept"is closest in meaning to ________.A. operateB. startC. detectD. occupyWhich of the following can be inferred from the text?17. WhichA. People's false memories result from the impact of different emotion provoked by later experience on the same spot.B. The success in research indicates that it won't be long that a therapy is worked out for people disturbed by painful memory.C. By zapping the brain cells of mice with light, researchers are able to create, erase, or alter their memories, good or bad.D. Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are based on them actually draw greatly upon scientific achievement.Questions 18-19 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the text about cholera. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the text.A child receives the oral cholera vaccine ShancholCholera is caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. Approximately one in 20 people infected with cholera has a serious case, with symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. These symptoms quickly cause dehydration and shock, and can result in death within hours if the infected person doesn't receive treatment. Cholera is typically transmitted by contaminated food or water. In areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water, thefeces of people with cholera can enter the water supply and spread quickly, resulting in an epidemic. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in some coastal waters, so shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera in affected areas.18. Cholera is known to be a life-threatening disease which easily causes death of most of the patients.False ( ))True ( )) False19. Cholera typically occurs in areas near the sea or the river where contaminated food is a major source of the disease.False ( ))True ( )) FalseQuestions 20-21 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the abstract of a research paper from the DeepMind website. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the abstract.Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendAuthors: K. M. Hermann, T. Kočiský, E. Grefenstette, L. Espeholt, W. Kay, M. Suleyman, P. BlunsomPublished: NIPS 2015Abstract: Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale training and test datasets have been missing for this type of evaluation. In this work we define a new methodology that resolves this bottleneck and provides large scale supervised reading comprehension data. This allows us to develop a class of attention based deep neural networks that learn to read real documents and answer complex questions with minimal prior knowledge of language structure. 20. Previous studies didn't take constant effort to evaluate the reading ability of artificial intelligence machines, which was why the present research was conducted.False ( ))True ( )) False21. One implication of the research is that a methodology that helps gather and handle big data is indispensable to artificial intelligence related studies.False ( ))True ( )) FalseQuestions 22-23 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about the "Think small" advertising campaign. Answer the questions according to the text.Think SmallI f you're interested in marketing and advertising, Volkswagen's "Think small" campaign for the Beetle when it was first introduced to North America in 1959 looms large as one of the greatest advertising campaigns of all time. It wasn't just a revolution in automotive advertising; it changed the entire industry.Until the Beetle hit the market, automotive marketing copy was full of bluster, and the images were flights of fancy, emphasizing low, long lines and a fantasy lifestyle.The clean, simple photography on a white background that emphasized the Beetle's compact, practical form may seem commonplace these days, but it was a revolution in a world whereAmericans grew up obsessed with muscle cars, horsepower, and tire smoke. Making the car small, when the convention was to make it fill the page, was also novel. The simplistic approach to design and layout was totally contrary to the advertising conventions of the time.__ __22_____ The text was minimalist in both look and content, presenting the facts simply instead of trying to weave tall tales and fantasies; and instead of bluster, it ushered in an intelligent sense of humor that made readers feel like they were in on the joke. The message was one of smart anti-luxury, and took gentle aim at an industry obsessed with superficiality and styling, rather than the substance underneath the car bodies.Not only does "Think small" continue to inspire Volkswagen advertising to this day, it ushered in a creative revolution in the advertising business and changed the world of marketing forever. "Think small" showed the power of humor and honesty, and its photographic and design principles brought about a major shift in the look and feel of marketing around the world.22. Which of the sentences below best fits the numbered space in the text?A. What What defined the ad even more than its visual style was the tone of its copy. B. This This ad starts off doing the exact opposite of what you would expect in a car ad. C. This was an exercise in minimalism and a very accurate reflection on the product itself.D. T he The car wasn't depicted as an integral piece of the daily lives of a middle class family. 23. It can be inferred that the advertising conventions of the 1950s were reflected in the following except that ___________.A. The ads in the 1950s typically showed proud owners and passengers evoking great joy about new shiny big acquisitions.B. The marketing concept then focused on providing as much information as possible to thereader such as the way it's created.C. The marketing schemes associated the advertised product with an idea or a way of living from average consumers' perspective.D. The marketing practice may attach importance to a sense of humor brought by the use of exaggerated language.Questions 24-25 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following six remarks concerning the crowd. Four of them are taken from Gustave Le Bon's book, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. Choose the two remarks thatmay NOT be taken from the book.24-25. _______The CrowdA. In crowds it is stupidity and not mother wit that is accumulated.B. Crowds most envy the lonely man who walks confidently as if he is walking with the great crowds!C. A crowd is not merely impulsive and mobile. Like a savage, it is not prepared to admit that anything can come between its desire and the realization of its desire.D. I walked with them, as crowds have that effect on me, I want to do what they do, to journey towards some point of revelation, which of course never comes.E. Crowds, being incapable both of reflection and of reasoning, are devoid of the notion of improbability; and it is to be noted that in a general way it is the most improbable things that are the most striking.F. …the individual forming part of a crowd acquires, solely from numerical considerations, a sentiment of invincible power which allows him to yield to instincts which, had he been alone, he would perforce have kept under restraint.Questions 26-28 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a fly. Answer the questions according to the text.The FlyAt that moment the boss noticed that a fly had fallen into his broad inkpot, and was trying feebly but desperately to clamber out again. "Help! Help!" said those struggling legs. But the sides of the inkpot were wet and slippery; it fell back again and began to swim. The boss took up a pen,picked the fly out of the ink, and shook it on to a piece of blotting-paper. For a fraction of a second it lay still on the dark patch that oozed round it. Then the front legs waved, took hold, and, pulling its small, sodden body up, it began the immense task of cleaning the ink from its wings. Over and under, over and under, went a leg along a wing, as the stone goes over and under the scythe. Then there was a pause, while the fly, seeming to stand on the tips of its toes, tried toexpand first one wing and then the other. It succeeded at last, and, sitting down, it began, like a minute cat, to clean its face. Now one could imagine that the little front legs rubbed against each other lightly, joyfully. 27 .26. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?The boss saved the fly out of his broad inkpot.A. T heThe fly was trapped by the thick ink on its wings.B. T heC. The passage describes how a fly survived an accident.The passage shows how a fly conquered a challenge.D. T he27. Which of the following statement can best fit in the numbered space?The horrible danger was over; it had escaped; it was ready for life again.A. T heThe boss was relieved now, reassured that the fly had been out of danger.B. T heC. But the front legs waved, caught hold, and, more slowly this time, the task restarted.But such a grinding feeling of wretchedness seized him that he felt positively frightened.D. B ut28. The tone of the text can be described as a complex mixture of anything but _______.A. sympatheticB. humorousC. cheerfulD. depressingQuestions 29-30 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the text about Chaco Culture. Answer the questions according to the text.The "Chaco Culture", as modern-day archaeologists call it, flourished between roughly the9th and 13th centuries A.D. and was centered at Chaco Canyon in what is now New Mexico.The people of the Chaco Culture built immense structures that at times encompassed more than 500 rooms. They also participated in long-distance trade that brought cacao, macaws (a type of parrot), turquoise and copper to Chaco Canyon.29_______, researchers have to rely on the artifacts and structures they left behind, as well as oral accounts that have been passed on through generations, to reconstruct what theirlives were like.Archaeologists generally agree that Chaco Canyon was the center of Chaco Culture. Today the canyon is a national park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The National Park Service estimates that there are about 4,000 archaeological sites in the park, including more than a dozen immense structures that archaeologists sometimes call "Great Houses". Archaeological researchhas revealed many discoveries, including a system of roads that connected many Chaco Culture sites, and evidence of astronomical alignments that indicate that some Chaco Culture structures were oriented toward the solstice sun and lunar standstills.“There has been more archaeological research conducted in Chaco and on the subject of”says a National Park Service Chaco than on any other prehistoric district in North America,statement posted on Chaco Culture National Historical Park's website."Today, twenty Puebloan groups in New Mexico, as well as the Hopi in Arizona, claim Chaco as their ancestral homeland and are tied to this place through oral traditions and clan lineages. A number of Navajo clans are also affiliated with Chacoan sites through their traditional stories," the National Park Service statement says.Despite the fact that there has been an immense amount of archaeological research carried out at Chaco Canyon, and at other Chaco Culture sites in the American Southwest, modern-day archaeologists disagree over what the people of the Chaco Culture were like.Some archaeologists think that the people of the Chaco Culture were not politically united, while some think they controlled an empire centered on Chaco Canyon. "What was Chaco? Opinions vary widely, perhaps wildly. Interpretations range from a valley of peaceful farming villages to the monumental capital of an empire," wrote Stephen Lekson, a professor at theThe Architecture of Chaco University of Colorado Boulder, in an article published in the bookCanyon, New Mexico(University of Utah Press, 2007).Lekson noted that there are different interpretations among archaeologists as to what the Great Houses were. Some archaeologists believe that they were villages inhabited by thousands of people, while others think that they were elite residences that housed a small number of residents.29. Which of the following best fits in the numbered space in the text?A. The people of the Chaco Culture did not use a writing system and as suchB. While archaeologists are not certain what caused this dramatic population bumpC. When thinking about archaeological sites, we tend to think of them as dead silentD. Since Chaco's national monument status may not protect it from development pressures30. Which of the following statements can we know from the text?A. The people of the Chaco culture were good at foreign trade."Great Houses" were built from approximately the 9th to 13thcentury A.D.B. "GreatC. Most descendants of ancient Chaco people live in New Mexico now.D. Archaeologists hold different ideas about how the people of the Chaco Culture lived. Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passages on the same subject. You will be required to identify the writer's position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer's arguments. (Time allowed: 35 minutes) Questions 31-40 (Suggested completion time: 35 minutes)Directions: Read three passages about fashion. Answer the questions according to the passages.Passage AIt's not that easy to answer the question, "what is fashion?" because it means different things to different people. Fashion is an art. It's a religion. It's a job. It's a peek into a personality. It's playfulness. It's an escape or a disguise. It is a feast for the eyes. But ultimately, 32 . French fashion designer Coco Chanel once said, "Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening."It's true. Fashion isn't defined solely by our clothing choices, but is also conveyed through the way we carry ourselves, our personalities and our views of the world. At its most fundamental, fashion is simply the prevailing style or custom, as in dress or behavior.So, who exactly answers the question "what is fashion"? Who decides what's fashionable and what isn't? What's in or what's out?Fashion Designers. The iconic fashion houses—Prada, Gucci, Chanel—are referred to as haute couture, French for "high sewing". These designers lead the way in creating trend-setting fashion. While some of their designs are outrageous and completely unrealistic when it comes to everyday wear, generally the theme is adapted into versions suitable for wearing.Media. Fashion trends are often sparked by characters on popular television shows and movies as well as adopted from magazine pages. "Sex and the City", "The Devil Wears Prada", these shows introduced us to new, cutting-edge designs. While you might not be caught dead wearing aCarrie Bradshaw original, you might take ideas inspired from her look and piece together your own creation.Celebrities. A prime example of a celebrity-driven fashion trend? UGGs. Until Kate Hudson and Jessica Simpson were spotted wearing them around L.A. several years ago, no one had given any thought to UGG boots. Now they are everywhere.Musicians. Musicians have always been very influential when it comes to dictating fashion. Rock 'n' roll is fashion. Elvis is an iconic example. In the 1950s, everyone wanted to dress like Elvis. What about the heavy metal hair bands so popular in the 1980s? Axl Rose reinvented the head bandana while Poison, Motley Crue and Bon Jovi set the pace for big, rocker hair.Just because you don't know if a Prada bag is fall 2007 or spring 2008 doesn't matter. All that matters is that you like it and it's an expression of you. That is fashion.Passage B[A]Fashion is more prevalent in modern society than in primitive tribes or peasant communities. The modern society is an open society where class distinctions are not so rigid as in primitive society. Its urban and mobile class structure enables people to cultivate individual taste and adopt new course. [B] [B]O ur Our standards of judgment have also changed. Today the individual is rated more by observable externalities than by his ancestry, his character or his genuineaccomplishments. The clothes a man wears, the language he speaks, the manners he shows have more weight in ascribing a status than his simplicity, patriotism and integrity.If he can keep himself up to date in the matters of his dress, speech and manners, he will assure himself a high social esteem. [C]Not only the mobile and urban character of modern society but its affluence also speaks for greater prevalence of fashion in it. Men today are richer than their ancestors and have more leisure. They have the necessary means and time to play with luxuries and to think of fashion. Maclver writes: We do not think of fashion in overalls; there is more of fashion in the body of an automobile than in its chassis. There is no fashion in steamshovels. [D]Consequently the higher the standard of living the more material there is for fashion to operate upon.Passage CAs summer has officially faded into the colder weather of autumn, I assumed the days of Nike shorts, comically large T-shirts and polos would be only a memory of yesterday. This has not been the case.Fashion, in and of itself, is already a type of conformism. In order to be considered fashion, a look, a garment or a stylistic choice must be deemed fashionable.Who gets to decide this —what is fashionable? While certain fashion heavyweights play a role in this decision, the ultimate decision is left to the public.As I was surfing the Web recently for inspiration for this column, I came across the Prada website. What I discovered literally caused me to gasp. Of course, everyone knows Prada is an expensive brand brand——a luxury —but what I discovered shocked me: a keychain priced at $180. No, this keychain was not solid gold or encased in diamonds. It was simply a keychain: a skull with the word "Prada" on a small charm.。
2018外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛样题
2018“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题赛题分值说明：1. 线上初赛：题型仅为客观题，即Read and Know，Read and Reason，Read and Question 三个模块，共40题，答题时间为110分钟，满分100分。
第1-3题每题1分，第4-9题每题2分，第10题5分，第11-30题每题3分，第31-40题每题2分。
2. 复赛和决赛：题型包含客观题和主观题，即Read and Know，Read and Reason，Read and Question，Read and Create四个模块，共41题，答题时间为150分钟，满分100分。
第1-3题每题1分，第4-9题每题2分，第10题5分，第11-30题每题1.5分，第31-40题每题2分，第41题30分。
Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time allowed: 20 minutes)Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes with the people. Please note there are two extra options you do not need.Question 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.To ensure the high standards of facilities we need to build new wards, laboratories and consulting rooms. In short, we need your help now. Complete the coupon today and rest assured that your donation is going to the best possible cause.4. Where is the piece of text taken from?A. an advertisementB. an instruction bookletC. a storyD. a newspaperQuestion 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Few corners of the world remain untainted by intrepid tourists, and their impact is often devastating. Too frequently they trample heedlessly on fragile environments, displacing wildlife and local populations in their insatiable quest for unexplored locations.5. What is the best title for this text?A. The Future of TourismB. The Role of TourismC. The Price of TourismD. The Benefits of TourismQuestion 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.With E-book sales increasing by more than 300% for the second year, publishers delivering new revenue streams through E-book Apps, and academic publishers long having derived some 90% of their revenue online, it is a travesty to describe all this as the publishing world being "in denial" about digital.6. What is the main idea of this text?A. Publishers are making profits from E-book sales.B. Not all publishers are threatened by digital storms.C. E-books become a main source of revenue for publishers.D. Traditional publishing industry is dying out.Question 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.With our travel agency, the holiday you book is the holiday you get. If you arrive and find we've failed to live up to our promises, let us know what the problem is within one day of yourarrival. We'll spend 24 hours doing everything possible to sort the problem out. In the unlikely event that we can't resolve your problem and make you happy within 24 hours, we'll fly you home and give your money back.7. The text could best be described as__________.A. a commitmentB. an appealC. a warningD. a vowQuestion 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.The new digital cameras are great fun and very easy to use. They let you review your pictures the moment you take them, so you can re-shoot right away if you're not satisfied. But remember, a digital camera is just a computer XXXX. It's not a replacement for your ordinary camera.8. What is the meaning of the missing word XXXX in the text?A. "something that is poor quality"B. "an item that is not essential, something extra"C. "something expensive but good value for money"D. "a fashion which always remains popular"Question 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.She had gone alone, but the children were to go to the station to meet her. And loving the station as they did, it was only natural that they should be there a good hour before there was any chance of Mother's train arriving, even if the train were punctual, which was most unlikely.9. What can you say about their mother's train?A. It would probably be early.B. It would probably be on time.C. It would probably be late.D. It had been cancelled.Question 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: The bar chart shows the number and proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions, from 1990-1992 to 2014-2016. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report 201510. Choose the INCORRECT description about the chart.A. The latest estimates suggest that nearly one in nine individuals do not have enough to eat between 2014 and 2016.B. Projections indicate that the 2015 MDG target is nearly reached, with 12.9 per cent of undernourished population.C. The situation noticeably improved during the years 1995-1999, but went down in the first five years of the new millennium.D. The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has fallen by almost half since 1990.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time allowed: 55 minutes)Question 11 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following definition of a logical fallacy. Answer the question according to the definition.11. Which of the following provides a typical example of poisoning the well?A. That's my stance on funding the education system, and anyone who disagrees with me hates children.B. You are so weird. That means—we are pretty much sure—that your whole family is weird, too.C. God exists because the Bible says so. The Bible is inspired. Therefore, we know that God exists.D. I don't care what you say. We don't need any more bookshelves. As long as the carpet is clean, we are fine.Question 12 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Look at the following picture and then answer the question.12. Which of the following logical fallacies does the picture illustrate?A. False Dilemma: an argument that presents a limited set of two possible categories and assumes that everything in the scope of the discussion must be an element of that setB. Guilt by Association: a fallacy used to discredit an argument for proposing an idea that is shared by some socially demonized individual or groupC. No True Scotsman: an argument coming up after someone has made a general claim about a group of things and then been presented with evidence challenging that claimD. Hasty Generalization: a fallacy committed when one forms a conclusion from a sample that is either too small or too special to be representativeQuestions 13-14 Reasoning (Suggested completion time: 10 minutes)13. Many people report that exposure to certain foods and drinks such as cheese, chocolate, and red wine, is associated with the onset of migraine headaches. Other people report that exposure to certain smells (especially strong perfumes) seems to trigger a migraine headache, and some note that exposure to bright and flickering lights can be followed by a migraine. It would seem that a person with a tendency to get migraines should try to find out which of these situations is associated with the onset of the headache and then avoid this stimulus.All of the following, if true, would make the above recommendation impractical except: A. The time delay between the trigger and the onset of the headache can make it exceptionally difficult to identify the trigger.B. The presence of a known trigger doesn't always cause a migraine.C. In a high proportion of cases the patients report multiple triggers for their headaches.D. Most of the known triggers are common and almost unavoidable features of modern life.14. Richard: The national budget should provide significant increases in all levels of education inthe upcoming year.Natalie: That's not fair. A reduction in defense spending in peacetime may bring us excessive risks. We can't afford it.Which of the following is the best interpretation of Natalie's argument?A. Funds saved from defense have been diverted to all levels of education.B. Highlighting spending on education dangerously impacts on spending on the military.C. The size of the military budget reflects a state's ability to fund educational activities.D. Compared with military spending, investing in education will create a financial crisis. Questions 15-17 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a science discovery. Answer the questions according to the text.Manipulating MemoryMemory is notoriously malleable. Our recollections fade and take on new meanings; sometimes we remember things that never even happened. But 15 .Recently, however, scientists have started to grasp and tinker with memory's physical basis. Last year, in work evocative of films such as Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and Inception, researchers discovered ways to manipulate specific memories in mice using optogenetics, a powerful technique that can trigger nerve cells in animals' brains by zapping them with beams of laser light. In a series of experiments, they showed that they could delete existing memories and "incept" false ones.This year, researchers went even further: switching the emotional content of a memory in mice from bad to good and vice versa. Under the laser, for example, male mice that had onceassociated a certain room with being shocked were tricked into acting as though they had once met friendly female mice there instead.Whether the mice in these experiments actually experienced vivid false memories or just a fuzzy sense of pleasure or fear is unclear. Nor is it clear whether the findings apply to the tricks of memory so familiar to people. Long-sought therapeutic advances, such as treatments forpost-traumatic stress disorder, could remain far off. One thing is certain, however: Once considered beyond scientific dissection, memory is finally starting to yield its secrets.15. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in the text?A. what is really happening in our brain as memories are remodeled remains mysteriousB. scientists are curious about why people are oblivious to what have happened to themC. advanced technology has helped scientists discover the workings of our brainD. some scientists argue that what we observe about human memory is not what it really is16. The word "incept" is closest in meaning to ________.A. operateB. startC. detectD. occupy17. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A. People's false memories result from the impact of different emotion provoked by later experience on the same spot.B. The success in research indicates that it won't be long that a therapy is worked out for people disturbed by painful memory.C. By zapping the brain cells of mice with light, researchers are able to create, erase, or alter their memories, good or bad.D. Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are based on them actually draw greatly upon scientific achievement.Questions 18-19 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the text about cholera. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the text.A child receives the oral cholera vaccine ShancholCholera is caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. Approximately one in 20 people infected with cholera has a serious case, with symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. These symptoms quickly cause dehydration and shock, and can result in death within hours if the infected person doesn't receive treatment. Cholera is typically transmitted by contaminated food or water. In areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water, the feces of people with cholera can enter the water supply and spread quickly, resulting in an epidemic. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in some coastal waters, so shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera in affected areas.18. Cholera is known to be a life-threatening disease which easily causes death of most of the patients.True ( ) False ( )19. Cholera typically occurs in areas near the sea or the river where contaminated food is a major source of the disease.True ( ) False ( )Questions 20-21 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the abstract of a research paper from the DeepMind website. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the abstract.Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendAuthors: K. M. Hermann, T. Kočiský, E. Grefenstette, L. Espeholt, W. Kay, M. Suleyman, P. BlunsomPublished: NIPS 2015Abstract: Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale training and test datasets have been missing for this type of evaluation. In this work we define a new methodology that resolves this bottleneck and provides large scale supervised reading comprehension data. This allows us to develop a class of attention based deep neural networks that learn to read real documents and answer complex questions with minimal prior knowledge of language structure.20. Previous studies didn't take constant effort to evaluate the reading ability of artificial intelligence machines, which was why the present research was conducted.True ( ) False ( )21. One implication of the research is that a methodology that helps gather and handle big data is indispensable to artificial intelligence related studies.True ( ) False ( )Questions 22-23 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about the "Think small" advertising campaign. Answer the questions according to the text.Think SmallI f you're interested in marketing and advertising, Volkswagen's "Think small" campaign for the Beetle when it was first introduced to North America in 1959 looms large as one of the greatest advertising campaigns of all time. It wasn't just a revolution in automotive advertising; it changed the entire industry.Until the Beetle hit the market, automotive marketing copy was full of bluster, and the images were flights of fancy, emphasizing low, long lines and a fantasy lifestyle.The clean, simple photography on a white background that emphasized the Beetle's compact, practical form may seem commonplace these days, but it was a revolution in a world where Americans grew up obsessed with muscle cars, horsepower, and tire smoke. Making the car small, when the convention was to make it fill the page, was also novel. The simplistic approach to design and layout was totally contrary to the advertising conventions of the time.__ __22_____ The text was minimalist in both look and content, presenting the facts simply instead of trying to weave tall tales and fantasies; and instead of bluster, it ushered in an intelligent sense of humor that made readers feel like they were in on the joke. The message was one of smart anti-luxury, and took gentle aim at an industry obsessed with superficiality and styling, rather than the substance underneath the car bodies.Not only does "Think small" continue to inspire Volkswagen advertising to this day, it ushered in a creative revolution in the advertising business and changed the world of marketing forever. "Think small" showed the power of humor and honesty, and its photographic and design principles brought about a major shift in the look and feel of marketing around the world.22. Which of the sentences below best fits the numbered space in the text?A. What defined the ad even more than its visual style was the tone of its copy.B. This ad starts off doing the exact opposite of what you would expect in a car ad.C. This was an exercise in minimalism and a very accurate reflection on the product itself.D. The car wasn't depicted as an integral piece of the daily lives of a middle class family.23. It can be inferred that the advertising conventions of the 1950s were reflected in the following except that ___________.A. The ads in the 1950s typically showed proud owners and passengers evoking great joy about new shiny big acquisitions.B. The marketing concept then focused on providing as much information as possible to thereader such as the way it's created.C. The marketing schemes associated the advertised product with an idea or a way of living from average consumers' perspective.D. The marketing practice may attach importance to a sense of humor brought by the use of exaggerated language.Questions 24-25 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following six remarks concerning the crowd. Four of them are taken from Gustave Le Bon's book, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. Choose the two remarks that may NOT be taken from the book.24-25. _______The CrowdA. In crowds it is stupidity and not mother wit that is accumulated.B. Crowds most envy the lonely man who walks confidently as if he is walking with the great crowds!C. A crowd is not merely impulsive and mobile. Like a savage, it is not prepared to admit that anything can come between its desire and the realization of its desire.D. I walked with them, as crowds have that effect on me, I want to do what they do, to journey towards some point of revelation, which of course never comes.E. Crowds, being incapable both of reflection and of reasoning, are devoid of the notion of improbability; and it is to be noted that in a general way it is the most improbable things that are the most striking.F. …the individual forming part of a crowd acquires, solely from numerical considerations, a sentiment of invincible power which allows him to yield to instincts which, had he been alone, he would perforce have kept under restraint.Questions 26-28 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a fly. Answer the questions according to the text.The FlyAt that moment the boss noticed that a fly had fallen into his broad inkpot, and was trying feebly but desperately to clamber out again. "Help! Help!" said those struggling legs. But the sides of the inkpot were wet and slippery; it fell back again and began to swim. The boss took up a pen,picked the fly out of the ink, and shook it on to a piece of blotting-paper. For a fraction of a second it lay still on the dark patch that oozed round it. Then the front legs waved, took hold, and, pulling its small, sodden body up, it began the immense task of cleaning the ink from its wings. Over and under, over and under, went a leg along a wing, as the stone goes over and under the scythe. Then there was a pause, while the fly, seeming to stand on the tips of its toes, tried to expand first one wing and then the other. It succeeded at last, and, sitting down, it began, like a minute cat, to clean its face. Now one could imagine that the little front legs rubbed against each other lightly, joyfully. 27 .26. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?A. The boss saved the fly out of his broad inkpot.B. The fly was trapped by the thick ink on its wings.C. The passage describes how a fly survived an accident.D. The passage shows how a fly conquered a challenge.27. Which of the following statement can best fit in the numbered space?A. The horrible danger was over; it had escaped; it was ready for life again.B. The boss was relieved now, reassured that the fly had been out of danger.C. But the front legs waved, caught hold, and, more slowly this time, the task restarted.D. But such a grinding feeling of wretchedness seized him that he felt positively frightened.28. The tone of the text can be described as a complex mixture of anything but _______.A. sympatheticB. humorousC. cheerfulD. depressingQuestions 29-30 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the text about Chaco Culture. Answer the questions according to the text.The "Chaco Culture", as modern-day archaeologists call it, flourished between roughly the 9th and 13th centuries A.D. and was centered at Chaco Canyon in what is now New Mexico.The people of the Chaco Culture built immense structures that at times encompassed more than 500 rooms. They also participated in long-distance trade that brought cacao, macaws (a type of parrot), turquoise and copper to Chaco Canyon.29_______, researchers have to rely on the artifacts and structures they left behind, as well as oral accounts that have been passed on through generations, to reconstruct what their lives were like.Archaeologists generally agree that Chaco Canyon was the center of Chaco Culture. Today the canyon is a national park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The National Park Service estimates that there are about 4,000 archaeological sites in the park, including more than a dozen immense structures that archaeologists sometimes call "Great Houses". Archaeological research has revealed many discoveries, including a system of roads that connected many Chaco Culture sites, and evidence of astronomical alignments that indicate that some Chaco Culture structures were oriented toward the solstice sun and lunar standstills.“There has been more archaeological research conducted in Chaco and on the subject of Chaco than on any other prehistoric district in North America,”says a National Park Service statement posted on Chaco Culture National Historical Park's website."Today, twenty Puebloan groups in New Mexico, as well as the Hopi in Arizona, claim Chaco as their ancestral homeland and are tied to this place through oral traditions and clan lineages. A number of Navajo clans are also affiliated with Chacoan sites through their traditional stories," the National Park Service statement says.Despite the fact that there has been an immense amount of archaeological research carried out at Chaco Canyon, and at other Chaco Culture sites in the American Southwest, modern-day archaeologists disagree over what the people of the Chaco Culture were like.Some archaeologists think that the people of the Chaco Culture were not politically united, while some think they controlled an empire centered on Chaco Canyon. "What was Chaco? Opinions vary widely, perhaps wildly. Interpretations range from a valley of peaceful farming villages to the monumental capital of an empire," wrote Stephen Lekson, a professor at the University of Colorado Boulder, in an article published in the book The Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico (University of Utah Press, 2007).Lekson noted that there are different interpretations among archaeologists as to what the Great Houses were. Some archaeologists believe that they were villages inhabited by thousands of people, while others think that they were elite residences that housed a small number of residents.29. Which of the following best fits in the numbered space in the text?A. The people of the Chaco Culture did not use a writing system and as suchB. While archaeologists are not certain what caused this dramatic population bumpC. When thinking about archaeological sites, we tend to think of them as dead silentD. Since Chaco's national monument status may not protect it from development pressures30. Which of the following statements can we know from the text?A. The people of the Chaco culture were good at foreign trade.B. "Great Houses" were built from approximately the 9th to 13thcentury A.D.C. Most descendants of ancient Chaco people live in New Mexico now.D. Archaeologists hold different ideas about how the people of the Chaco Culture lived. Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passages on the same subject. You will be required to identify the writer's position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer's arguments. (Time allowed: 35 minutes)Questions 31-40 (Suggested completion time: 35 minutes)Directions: Read three passages about fashion. Answer the questions according to the passages.Passage AIt's not that easy to answer the question, "what is fashion?" because it means different things to different people. Fashion is an art. It's a religion. It's a job. It's a peek into a personality. It's playfulness. It's an escape or a disguise. It is a feast for the eyes. But ultimately, 32 . French fashion designer Coco Chanel once said, "Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening."It's true. Fashion isn't defined solely by our clothing choices, but is also conveyed through the way we carry ourselves, our personalities and our views of the world. At its most fundamental, fashion is simply the prevailing style or custom, as in dress or behavior.So, who exactly answers the question "what is fashion"? Who decides what's fashionable and what isn't? What's in or what's out?Fashion Designers. The iconic fashion houses—Prada, Gucci, Chanel—are referred to as haute couture, French for "high sewing". These designers lead the way in creating trend-setting fashion. While some of their designs are outrageous and completely unrealistic when it comes to everyday wear, generally the theme is adapted into versions suitable for wearing.Media. Fashion trends are often sparked by characters on popular television shows and movies as well as adopted from magazine pages. "Sex and the City", "The Devil Wears Prada", these shows introduced us to new, cutting-edge designs. While you might not be caught dead wearing aCarrie Bradshaw original, you might take ideas inspired from her look and piece together your own creation.Celebrities. A prime example of a celebrity-driven fashion trend? UGGs. Until Kate Hudson and Jessica Simpson were spotted wearing them around L.A. several years ago, no one had given any thought to UGG boots. Now they are everywhere.Musicians. Musicians have always been very influential when it comes to dictating fashion. Rock 'n' roll is fashion. Elvis is an iconic example. In the 1950s, everyone wanted to dress like Elvis. What about the heavy metal hair bands so popular in the 1980s? Axl Rose reinvented the head bandana while Poison, Motley Crue and Bon Jovi set the pace for big, rocker hair.Just because you don't know if a Prada bag is fall 2007 or spring 2008 doesn't matter. All that matters is that you like it and it's an expression of you. That is fashion.Passage B[A]Fashion is more prevalent in modern society than in primitive tribes or peasant communities. The modern society is an open society where class distinctions are not so rigid as in primitive society. Its urban and mobile class structure enables people to cultivate individual taste and adopt new course. [B]Our standards of judgment have also changed. Today the individual is rated more by observable externalities than by his ancestry, his character or his genuine accomplishments. The clothes a man wears, the language he speaks, the manners he shows have more weight in ascribing a status than his simplicity, patriotism and integrity.If he can keep himself up to date in the matters of his dress, speech and manners, he will assure himself a high social esteem. [C]Not only the mobile and urban character of modern society but its affluence also speaks for greater prevalence of fashion in it. Men today are richer than their ancestors and have more leisure. They have the necessary means and time to play with luxuries and to think of fashion. Maclver writes: We do not think of fashion in overalls; there is more of fashion in the body of an automobile than in its chassis. There is no fashion in steam shovels. [D]Consequently the higher the standard of living the more material there is for fashion to operate upon.Passage CAs summer has officially faded into the colder weather of autumn, I assumed the days of Nike shorts, comically large T-shirts and polos would be only a memory of yesterday. This has not been the case.Fashion, in and of itself, is already a type of conformism. In order to be considered fashion, a look, a garment or a stylistic choice must be deemed fashionable.Who gets to decide this—what is fashionable? While certain fashion heavyweights play a role in this decision, the ultimate decision is left to the public.As I was surfing the Web recently for inspiration for this column, I came across the Prada website. What I discovered literally caused me to gasp. Of course, everyone knows Prada is an expensive brand—a luxury—but what I discovered shocked me: a keychain priced at $180. No, this keychain was not solid gold or encased in diamonds. It was simply a keychain: a skull with the word "Prada" on a small charm.。
长春理工大学全国普通高校学科竞赛排行榜数据分析报告
长春理工大学全国普通高校学科竞赛排行榜数据分析报告校属各单位：全国普通高校学科竞赛排行榜是由中国高等教育学会《高校竞赛评估与管理体系研究》专家工作组研发的，旨在推动和引导学科竞赛活动在教育教学、人才培养等方面的发挥重要作用的全国性榜单，全国高校80%以上的高校参与排名，是检验高校创新人才培养质量的重要标准之一。
2020年2月22日，2015-2019年和2019年全国普通高校学科竞赛排行公布，我校在2015-2019年排行榜中位列第59位，2019年排行榜中位列第52位，在2015-2019年全国地方本科院校学科竞赛排行榜中位列第17位。
为更好的组织和开展各类学科竞赛活动，提高学生创新实践能力,教务处对排行榜发布的数据进行了分析，请各单位结合自身情况，统筹部署、合理规划，争取再创佳绩。
一、近年来我校在学科竞赛排名榜情况学科竞赛评估工作于2017年启动，同年底公布了2012-2016年全国学科竞赛排行榜，2018年2月发布2013-2017年全国学科竞赛排行榜及2017年单年榜单，往后每年都公布上一年度排行榜及近5年统计周期排行榜。
（一）我校5年统计周期学科竞赛排行数据：2012-2016年我校共获奖129项，积分72.67，位列59位；2013-2017年我校共获奖125项，积分72.42，位列68名；2014-2018年我校共获奖161项，积分74.35，位列60名；2015-2019年我校共获奖237项，积分74.92，位列59名。
在4个统计周期内我校获奖数量上从125项到237项，整体呈现增加趋势，而2015-2019年相比2014-2018年周期排名仅提升1名，说明各校获奖数量也在增加，我校没有取得相对优势。
同时积分从74.35提升到74.92，增加76项获奖数量后转化积分增加为0.57。
2014-2018相比2013-2017周期获奖数量提升36项，转化积分则增加了1.93，说明在计算模型权重较大的竞赛项目中我校获奖数量还没有明显突破。
试谈2018“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛定题演讲的破题与写作
试谈2018“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛定题演讲的破题与写作作者：黄凤秋来源：《课程教育研究·学法教法研究》2018年第15期【摘要】“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛作为国内公认的高水平英语竞赛已经成为各高校英语教学第二课堂关注的焦点，其每年的定题演讲一直是各参赛方的“必争之地”。
本文试对新近发布的2018年演讲命题视频进行深入剖析，追溯关键词“石头”的来龙去脉，借助“三美论”基本原理，在立意选材及润色修辞方面进行解析，突出中国元素的作用，希望为参赛选手和指导教师在破题与写作上助力。
【关键词】英语演讲；写作；修辞【中图分类号】H319 【文献标识码】A【文章编号】2095-3089（2018）15-0021-01作为一项全国性、高水平、高校级英语演讲比赛，“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛每年的演讲题目发布都是参赛选手和指导老师翘首以盼的事件。
在3月26日举行的第三届全国高等学校外语教育改革与发展高端论坛的闭幕式上，本届大赛定题演讲题目首次公开：The Stones，〖CD#3〗。
在不到四分钟的命题视频里，历数了从1978年改革开放以来，伟大祖国取得的令人瞩目的成就，以及人民生产和生活发生的深刻变化。
视频围绕“摸着石头过河”（cross the river by feeling for the stones）这个比喻，连续抛出了testing the water（试水）、 crossed rivers （趟过的河）、 more rivers（要过的河）等相关的比喻说法，可以说是“一石激起千层浪”，关于“石头”的理解对于精准把握演讲主题至关重要。
一、追寻“石头”的前生后世“摸着是石头过河—稳稳当当”，这本来是一句歇后语。
1980年12月在中央工作会议上，陈云讲话称：“我们要改革，但是步子要稳。
……随时总结经验，也就是要‘摸着石头过河’……”（《陈云文选》第3卷第279页）。
那么石头是什么？河是什么？河对岸又是什么？为什么要过河？不过去怎么样？过河过程怎样？过去后又怎样？为了更加深入理解核心词“石头”，还需考查一下它的前生后世。
重庆交通大学研究生国家奖学金科研成果和学科竞赛获奖计分标准(2018年版)
重庆交通大学研究生国家奖学金科研成果和学科竞赛获奖计分标准（2018年版）一、成果须冠名“重庆交通大学”。
除科研获奖、学术著作外，只认定学校为第一署名单位的成果和获奖。
二、科研成果和学科竞赛作品若同时满足不同级别计分标准的，按最高分值计分，不重复累计加分。
三、本计分标准中的“导师”是指研究生的第一指导教师或第二指导教师（以学院签字盖章的研究生导师双选表为准）。
四、学术论文1.学术论文只认可公开发表的、研究生本人为第一作者或导师为第一作者、研究生本人为第二作者，且与本学科专业相关的论文。
导师为第一作者、研究生本人为第二作者发表的论文，按该论文分值的70%计分。
2.在公开发行报纸正刊上登载学术论文的水平与级别由校、院研究生奖学金评审组织逐级认定。
报纸副刊上登载的学术论文一般不予计分。
3.表3中对学术论文认定未列入的其他论文不予计分。
4.EI、SCI源刊物的认定须作者提供证明材料，证明该刊物录用或刊用其论文时仍被EI、SCI所收录。
5.国内刊物论文以公开出版的纸质版正刊为准，录用通知、电子出版物、增刊、内刊、内部发行物均不认可。
论文若被相关检索系统收录，须提供官方检索机构或学校图书馆加盖鲜章的收录证明。
6.如上一年度获得各级各类奖助学金时所使用的论文未被SCI、EI、ISTP 等收录，本年度申请时如申请成果在认定时间内（2017.9.1-2018.8.31）论文被SCI、EI、ISTP等收录，则计算补差分值。
7.SCI论文分区以论文发表当年中国科学院文献情报中心发布的JCR期刊分区数据为依据。
例如，某论文2017年发表，则以中国科学院文献情报中心针对2017年发表论文所发布的JCR期刊分区数据为依据。
8.境外学术会议论文。
研究生出境参加的境外国际学术会议须为系列会议，会议的认定由各学院评审委员会和国际交流合作处进行（如有争议再由奖学金评审领导小组认定），会议论文宣读须提供相关的文字和图片证明材料。
五、出版社1.出版社及音像出版社分为甲、乙两类。