2018外研社杯全国英语写作大赛样题
2018外研社杯全国英语写作大赛样题
2018“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛样题比赛考查题型说明：1. 初赛和复赛：比赛题型为议论文写作1篇（500词左右）、说明文/应用文写作1篇（300-500词），写作时间共120分钟，满分100分。
2. 决赛：比赛题型为议论文写作1篇（800词左右）、记叙文写作1篇（600-800词），写作时间共180分钟，满分100分。
注：本样题中，说明文和应用文以初/复赛赛题为例，议论文和记叙文以决赛赛题为例。
样题仅供了解题型，不提供参考答案。
类型1 说明文写作（Expository Writing）比赛内容：选手完成一篇说明文写作（300-500词）。
侧重考查选手解说事物、阐明事理的能力，以及运用知识、观察理解、梳理分析、提炼总结、跨文化沟通的综合能力。
评分标准（总分50分）：Sample task 1Write a passage based on the chart below. The chart shows the hourly AQI (Air Quality Index) in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou on the same day. In your writing, you should summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. You should write at least 300 words but no more than 500 words. (Suggested completion time: 60 minutes)Note: AQI 0-50 Good51-100 Moderate101-150 Lightly polluted151-200 Moderatelypolluted201-300 Heavily polluted>300 Severely polluted类型2 应用文写作（Practical Writing）比赛内容：选手完成一篇应用文写作（300-500词）。
外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛初赛样题
外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛初赛样题The。
was once a tool that allowed people to access a vast amount of n。
However。
it has now XXX。
In the past。
the。
was a place where people could learn about different cultures。
ideas。
XXX。
the。
has e a place where people are trapped in their own echo chambers。
Social media is a prime example of how the。
has XXX to show users content that they are more likely to engage with。
This means that people are only exposed to content that confirms their existing beliefs and ns。
As a result。
people are not exposed to different perspectives and ideas。
Instead。
they are trapped in a cycle of XXX.Another way in which the。
has e a walled room is through the use of paywalls。
Many news websites now require users to pay for access to their content。
This means that people who cannot afford to pay for access are XXX een those who can afford to access n and those who cannot。
18年专八真题作文
18年专八真题作文英文回答：As an AI language model, I can help you with your request. Here is my response to the 2018 English Majors Band Eight (TEM-8) essay prompt.The prompt asks for a response in both English and Chinese, without mixing the two languages together. Therefore, I will provide my answer in English first and then in Chinese.In my opinion, the benefits of learning a foreign language are numerous. Firstly, it broadens our horizons and allows us to connect with people from different cultures. For example, when I traveled to Japan, my basic knowledge of Japanese helped me communicate with locals and understand their customs. Secondly, learning a foreign language improves our cognitive abilities. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals have better problem-solving skills and enhanced memory. Lastly, knowing a foreign language can significantly enhance our career prospects. Many companies now operate globally, and being able to communicate in multiple languages makes us more competitive in the job market.中文回答：就我个人而言，我认为学习一门外语有很多好处。
2018外研社写作大赛初赛范文
2018外研社写作大赛初赛范文英文版2018外研社写作大赛初赛范文In the fast-paced world of today, the significance of effective communication cannot be overstated. The 2018 FLTRP Writing Contest is a testament to this, as it aims to hone the writing skills of students and encourage them to express their thoughts clearly and concisely.The contest, held annually, provides a platform for students to showcase their writing abilities and gain recognition for their efforts. Not only does it foster creativity and critical thinking, but it also helps students develop a strong command of the English language.This year's contest saw a record number of participants, each vying for a chance to win the prestigious title. The topics ranged from social issues to personal experiences, giving participants ample room to exercise their writing muscles.One of the standout entries was a powerful essay on the impact of technology on modern society. The author cleverly wove together examples from daily life, demonstrating how technology has transformed the way we interact and live. The essay was not only well-structured but also engaging, making for a compelling read.Another noteworthy entry was a heartfelt narrative about a personal journey of growth. The author shared insights into their life experiences, highlighting the challenges faced and the lessons learned. The honest and vulnerable tone of the writing resonated deeply with the readers.The judges had a difficult task choosing the winners, as many entries were outstanding. However, in the end, a few select entries emerged as the winners, receiving much-deserved accolades and prizes.The 2018 FLTRP Writing Contest was a resounding success, not only for the winners but for all the participants. It served as a reminder that writing is not just a skill but also a powerful toolfor expression and understanding. As we move forward, let us cherish the power of words and continue to write with passion and purpose.中文版2018外研社写作大赛初赛范文在当今快节奏的社会中，有效沟通的重要性不言而喻。
2018外研社杯英语大赛
2018外研社杯英语大赛IntroductionThe 2018 Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press Cup English Competition, also known as the 2018外研社杯英语大赛, took place on [date]. This prestigious competition brought together English language enthusiasts from all over the country to showcase their language skills and compete for various prizes. The competition aimed to promote English language learning and foster healthy competition among participants. In this document, we will explore the format of the competition, the benefits of participating, and the impact it has had on English language learning in China.Competition FormatThe 2018外研社杯英语大赛 was divided into multiple rounds, including a written test, a speaking test, and a debate. In the written test, participants were evaluated on their grammar, vocabulary, and comprehension skills. The speaking test assessed their ability to communicate effectively in English. Lastly, the debate round tested contestants' critical thinking and public speaking abilities. The competition offered both individual and team categories, allowing participants to showcase their English abilities in different formats.Benefits of ParticipatingParticipating in the 2018外研社杯英语大赛 offered numerous benefits for contestants. Firstly, it provided an opportunity for participants to refine their English language skills. The competition materials and topics were carefully designed to challenge contestants and push them to expand their vocabulary and improve their grammar. The rigorous training required for the competition helped participants deepen their understanding of the English language.Secondly, the competition fostered a sense of camaraderie and teamwork. Participants had the opportunity to network with like-minded individuals who shared a passion for English language learning. The team categories allowed contestants to collaborate with others to develop their ideas and present them cohesively. These interactions enriched the overall experience and created long-lasting connections.Lastly, the competition provided a platform for participants to showcase their talents and gain recognition. Winners received prizes, certificates, and media coverage, which not only boosted their confidence but also enhanced their CVs. The competition served as a launching pad for many contestants to pursue further opportunities in English language-related fields.Impact on English Language LearningThe 2018外研社杯英语大赛 had a significant impact on English language learning in China. Firstly, it ignited a renewed interest in English among students. The competition's reputation and prestige attracted a large number of participants, inspiring others to take up English language learning seriously. This increase in interest created a positive atmosphere for English language study across the country.Secondly, the competition raised the standard of English proficiency in China. As participants strived to excel in the competition, they worked diligently to improve their language skills. This enhanced level of English proficiency had positive effects on classroom learning, as contestants shared their experiences and knowledge with their peers. The competition indirectly raised the bar for English language learning in China.Furthermore, the success stories of past winners motivated aspiring English language learners in the country. The achievements of these winners served as proof that dedication, hard work, and effective learning strategies could lead to success in English language learning. Many students and language enthusiasts were inspired to emulate these winners, driving them to put in extra effort in their study.ConclusionThe 2018 Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press Cup English Competition was a highly successful event that brought together passionate English language learners from across China. The competition format, benefits of participating, and impact on English language learning highlighted the significance of such events. The future editions of the competition will undoubtedly continue to contribute to the growth and development of English language learning in China, further solidifying its reputation as a leading platform for English proficiency.。
2018外研社杯全国英语写作大赛样题
2018外研社杯全国英语写作大赛样题1.Writing demonstrates a strong command of the English language。
including grammar。
vocabulary。
and sentence structure;2.Writing uses appropriate and varied sentence structures;3.XXX effective use of language to convey ideas andXXX.The 2018 "Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press Cup" nal English Writing XXXXXX:Preliminary and semi-final rounds: Participants are required to write one argumentative essay (approximately 500 words) and one expository or n essay (300-500 words) within 120 minutes。
with a total score of 100 points.Final round: Participants are required to write one argumentative essay (approximately 800 words) and one narrative essay (600-800 words) within 180 minutes。
with a total score of 100 points.Note: XXX as an example of the n format and does not provide reference answers.XXXParticipants are required to write an expository essay (300-500 words)。
“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛江西师范大学初赛评分标准及样题
“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛江西师范大学初赛评分标准及样题议论文：比赛内容：选手完成1篇议论文写作（字数为400-500）。
考查选手的判断分析、逻辑思辨、评价论述等能力，展示选手的知识广度、视野维度、思想深度等综合素质。
议论文1：Given the importance of human creativity, one would think it should have a high priority among our concerns. But if we look at the reality, we see a different picture. Basic scientific research is minimized in favor of immediate practical applications. The arts are increasingly seen as dispensable luxuries. Yet as competition heats up around the globe, exactly the opposite strategy is needed.Adapted from Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and InventionAssignment：Is creativity needed more than ever in the world today? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.范文In a world where economic prosperity and “getting ahead”in work and technology are highly valued, creativity and the arts are often shunted in favor of more “practical”pursuits. Students abandon dreams of acting or painting in order to major in medicine, computer technology, or engineering: highly profitable and scientific fields. Even with the advances in these fields, however, there is still a need for creativity in our world, because seeing things in a new way can make all the difference.Today, more and more public schools are forced to abandon their arts programs to make time for subjects like science and math: subjects in which all students must have a basic knowledge in order to succeed in higher education. However, by leaving these programs behind, children are deprived of the creative stimulation that the arts provide, and are taught to view the world in “black and white”terms: one right answer to every problem. With a view such as this, how will children perform in the future? It may be assumed that allpeople will see things the same way, and propose only one solution to a problem, failing to see the bigger picture.Creativity has obviously influenced earlier generations in a positive way, so there is no need to eliminate creativity from our world. What would have happened if Franklin Roosevelt had never proposed his New Deal? The Great Depression might have persisted for some time, robbing even more families of their chance at prosperity and happiness. However, by proposing a new, creative solution for the problem of the U.S.’s depression, FDR pulled the nation out of its slump. Another example of how creativity has positively influenced the world happened just recently, with the introduction of hybrid cars. These new cars do not rely on as much oil as other cars do in order to operate, using alternative energy sources instead. Without the creative minds behind the invention of these cars, the world would rely so much on its limited oil reserves that fuel would eventually run out. Because of creativity, the world has a chance to find other energy sources.Though these practical applications for creativity are conducive to everyone, the common man benefits even more from the stimulation that the arts provide. In a world dominated by political powers and torn apart by war, entertainers in the arts can inspire hope and change in everyone. A child watching a Charlie Chaplin film might decide to join the gymnastics team, or a woman observing a Monet painting in a museum might become an elementary school art teacher: who knows? The arts can transport people to other places,into different ways of thinking.The importance of creativity in the world today is enormous, for it has both pragmatic and “important”applications. Creativity is both a source for inspiration and a problem-solving method, and without it, our world would greatly suffer.范文满分点评This essay effectively and insightfully develops the point of view that creativity "is both a source for inspiration and a problem-solving method, and without it, our world would greatly suffer." The writer uses outstanding critical thinking and clearly appropriate evidence to show that creativity's benefits are both practical (the New Deal, hybrid cars) and intangible (students inspired by the arts). Well organized and focused, the essay shows clear coherence and smooth progression of ideas ("Without the creative minds behind the invention of these cars, the world would rely so much on its limited oil reserves that fuel would eventually run out. Because of creativity, the world has a chance to find other energy sources. Though these practical applications for creativity are conducive to everyone, the common man benefits even more from the stimulation that the arts provide"). It also consistently displays skillful use of language and meaningful variety in sentence structure ("However, by leaving these programs behind, children are deprived of the creative stimulation that the arts provide, and are taught to view the world in "black and white" terms: one right answer to every problem. With a view such as this, how will childrenperform in the future?").议论文2.Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below"Tough challenges reveal our strengths and weaknesses." This statement is certainly true; adversity helps us discover who we are. Hardships can often lead us to examine who we are and to question what is important in life, In fact, people who have experienced seriously adverse events frequently report that they were positively changed by their negative experiences.Assignment:Do you think that ease does not challenge us and that we need adversity to help us discover who we are? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.范文Everyone goes through their lives seeing and experiencing different things. At times, these different situations may cause one to act differently than another would in the same situation. It can be readily stated that “Ease does not challenge us; adversity helps us discover who we are.”Through literature, one can see how this statement proves to be true.In the play, “The Enemy of the People”, by Henrik Ibsen, the protagonist,Dr. Stockholm, faced adversity, and through that, was able to discover his true beliefs and who he was. Before Dr. Stockholm was put in a situation where he had to face adversity, he had lived his life with mild ease and regularity. He acted just like everyone else in the town he lived in. Years later, he discovered that the popular bath houses were infected with bacteria. Determined to spread his findings, Dr. Stockholm went to the newspaper and the local governing office to try and make his discovery known. However, both the paper and the government weren’t as inspired to really let the public know about this serious problem due to the popularity of the bath houses. As a result, Dr. Stockholm was forced to face adversity and find a way to achieve his previously set goal. Through adversity, Stockholm was able to truly see how his personality was. He was able to understand his severe discontent with the government and society as a whole. In essence, Stockholm was able to discover his actual self. This, however, only happened when he was faced with a challenge.The book, “Where the Heart is”by Billie Letts also used adversity to portray its character’s true being. The protagonist, Novalee Nation, was placed in a situation where she had to realize and conquer adversity. Novalee was a young girl of 17, who was pregnant. She had experienced extreme hardship her whole life in the trailer park environment that she had previously resided in. She also received lots of abuse from her boyfriend who impregnated her. In the story, he had left her stranded in a K-Mart all by herself, while she waspregnant. All alone, Novalle had to find a way to keep herself and her baby alive. Along the way, through adversity, Novalle found her true, kind self. She also made countless discoveries through meeting different people. Among those things was her true love for photography and literature, and most of all her yearning for love in her life.In the face of adversity, we all act differently. We each have different ideas and methods that we are accustomed to use for different situations. By acting and making decisions on our own, as we are often times forced to do when given a challenge; we are able to find out who we truly are and what we truly believe in. The characters Dr. Stockholm and Novalee Nation are examples of that kind of people in literature. However, in literature and life, it is all the same. Ease does not challenge us; adversity helps us discover who we are.得分点详解1 effectively and insightfully develops a point of view on the issue and demonstrates outstanding critical thinking, using clearly appropriate examples, reasons, and other evidence to support its position围绕论题有效、深刻地发展一个论点，运用贴切的事例、因果分析和其他证据支持论点，从而展示出色的思辨能力。
2018年全国卷3英语
2018年全国卷3英语2018年全国卷3英语作文题目是关于李华写信给外国朋友Tom，邀请他来中国旅游，并参加中国的文化活动。
以下是一篇可能的范文：Dear Tom,I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to invite you to visit China and participate in some cultural activities.China is a country with a rich history and culture, and there are many interesting places to visit. For example, the Great Wall is a must-see, and you can also visit the Forbidden City, the Terracotta Warriors, and many other famous landmarks. In addition, China has a diverse cuisine that you should definitely try, such as dumplings, noodles, and Peking duck.During your visit, I would also like to invite you to participate in some cultural activities. We can attend a Chinese Opera performance,watch a dragon or lion dance, or try some Chinese painting or calligraphy. These activities will give you a deeper understanding of Chinese culture and traditions.I am sure that you will enjoy yourself no matter where you go or what you do in China. I look forward to your visit and the opportunity to show you the beauty of China.Best regards,Li Hua。
2018外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛样题
2018“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题赛题分值说明：1. 线上初赛：题型仅为客观题，即Read and Know，Read and Reason，Read and Question 三个模块，共40题，答题时间为110分钟，满分100分。
第1-3题每题1分，第4-9题每题2分，第10题5分，第11-30题每题3分，第31-40题每题2分。
2. 复赛和决赛：题型包含客观题和主观题，即Read and Know，Read and Reason，Read and Question，Read and Create四个模块，共41题，答题时间为150分钟，满分100分。
第1-3题每题1分，第4-9题每题2分，第10题5分，第11-30题每题1.5分，第31-40题每题2分，第41题30分。
Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time allowed: 20 minutes)Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes with the people. Please note there are two extra options you do not need.Question 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.To ensure the high standards of facilities we need to build new wards, laboratories and consulting rooms. In short, we need your help now. Complete the coupon today and rest assured that your donation is going to the best possible cause.4. Where is the piece of text taken from?A. an advertisementB. an instruction bookletC. a storyD. a newspaperQuestion 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Few corners of the world remain untainted by intrepid tourists, and their impact is often devastating. Too frequently they trample heedlessly on fragile environments, displacing wildlife and local populations in their insatiable quest for unexplored locations.5. What is the best title for this text?A. The Future of TourismB. The Role of TourismC. The Price of TourismD. The Benefits of TourismQuestion 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.With E-book sales increasing by more than 300% for the second year, publishers delivering new revenue streams through E-book Apps, and academic publishers long having derived some 90% of their revenue online, it is a travesty to describe all this as the publishing world being "in denial" about digital.6. What is the main idea of this text?A. Publishers are making profits from E-book sales.B. Not all publishers are threatened by digital storms.C. E-books become a main source of revenue for publishers.D. Traditional publishing industry is dying out.Question 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.With our travel agency, the holiday you book is the holiday you get. If you arrive and find we've failed to live up to our promises, let us know what the problem is within one day of yourarrival. We'll spend 24 hours doing everything possible to sort the problem out. In the unlikely event that we can't resolve your problem and make you happy within 24 hours, we'll fly you home and give your money back.7. The text could best be described as__________.A. a commitmentB. an appealC. a warningD. a vowQuestion 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.The new digital cameras are great fun and very easy to use. They let you review your pictures the moment you take them, so you can re-shoot right away if you're not satisfied. But remember, a digital camera is just a computer XXXX. It's not a replacement for your ordinary camera.8. What is the meaning of the missing word XXXX in the text?A. "something that is poor quality"B. "an item that is not essential, something extra"C. "something expensive but good value for money"D. "a fashion which always remains popular"Question 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.She had gone alone, but the children were to go to the station to meet her. And loving the station as they did, it was only natural that they should be there a good hour before there was any chance of Mother's train arriving, even if the train were punctual, which was most unlikely.9. What can you say about their mother's train?A. It would probably be early.B. It would probably be on time.C. It would probably be late.D. It had been cancelled.Question 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: The bar chart shows the number and proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions, from 1990-1992 to 2014-2016. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report 201510. Choose the INCORRECT description about the chart.A. The latest estimates suggest that nearly one in nine individuals do not have enough to eat between 2014 and 2016.B. Projections indicate that the 2015 MDG target is nearly reached, with 12.9 per cent of undernourished population.C. The situation noticeably improved during the years 1995-1999, but went down in the first five years of the new millennium.D. The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has fallen by almost half since 1990.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time allowed: 55 minutes)Question 11 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following definition of a logical fallacy. Answer the question according to the definition.11. Which of the following provides a typical example of poisoning the well?A. That's my stance on funding the education system, and anyone who disagrees with me hates children.B. You are so weird. That means—we are pretty much sure—that your whole family is weird, too.C. God exists because the Bible says so. The Bible is inspired. Therefore, we know that God exists.D. I don't care what you say. We don't need any more bookshelves. As long as the carpet is clean, we are fine.Question 12 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Look at the following picture and then answer the question.12. Which of the following logical fallacies does the picture illustrate?A. False Dilemma: an argument that presents a limited set of two possible categories and assumes that everything in the scope of the discussion must be an element of that setB. Guilt by Association: a fallacy used to discredit an argument for proposing an idea that is shared by some socially demonized individual or groupC. No True Scotsman: an argument coming up after someone has made a general claim about a group of things and then been presented with evidence challenging that claimD. Hasty Generalization: a fallacy committed when one forms a conclusion from a sample that is either too small or too special to be representativeQuestions 13-14 Reasoning (Suggested completion time: 10 minutes)13. Many people report that exposure to certain foods and drinks such as cheese, chocolate, and red wine, is associated with the onset of migraine headaches. Other people report that exposure to certain smells (especially strong perfumes) seems to trigger a migraine headache, and some note that exposure to bright and flickering lights can be followed by a migraine. It would seem that a person with a tendency to get migraines should try to find out which of these situations is associated with the onset of the headache and then avoid this stimulus.All of the following, if true, would make the above recommendation impractical except: A. The time delay between the trigger and the onset of the headache can make it exceptionally difficult to identify the trigger.B. The presence of a known trigger doesn't always cause a migraine.C. In a high proportion of cases the patients report multiple triggers for their headaches.D. Most of the known triggers are common and almost unavoidable features of modern life.14. Richard: The national budget should provide significant increases in all levels of education inthe upcoming year.Natalie: That's not fair. A reduction in defense spending in peacetime may bring us excessive risks. We can't afford it.Which of the following is the best interpretation of Natalie's argument?A. Funds saved from defense have been diverted to all levels of education.B. Highlighting spending on education dangerously impacts on spending on the military.C. The size of the military budget reflects a state's ability to fund educational activities.D. Compared with military spending, investing in education will create a financial crisis. Questions 15-17 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a science discovery. Answer the questions according to the text.Manipulating MemoryMemory is notoriously malleable. Our recollections fade and take on new meanings; sometimes we remember things that never even happened. But 15 .Recently, however, scientists have started to grasp and tinker with memory's physical basis. Last year, in work evocative of films such as Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and Inception, researchers discovered ways to manipulate specific memories in mice using optogenetics, a powerful technique that can trigger nerve cells in animals' brains by zapping them with beams of laser light. In a series of experiments, they showed that they could delete existing memories and "incept" false ones.This year, researchers went even further: switching the emotional content of a memory in mice from bad to good and vice versa. Under the laser, for example, male mice that had onceassociated a certain room with being shocked were tricked into acting as though they had once met friendly female mice there instead.Whether the mice in these experiments actually experienced vivid false memories or just a fuzzy sense of pleasure or fear is unclear. Nor is it clear whether the findings apply to the tricks of memory so familiar to people. Long-sought therapeutic advances, such as treatments forpost-traumatic stress disorder, could remain far off. One thing is certain, however: Once considered beyond scientific dissection, memory is finally starting to yield its secrets.15. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in the text?A. what is really happening in our brain as memories are remodeled remains mysteriousB. scientists are curious about why people are oblivious to what have happened to themC. advanced technology has helped scientists discover the workings of our brainD. some scientists argue that what we observe about human memory is not what it really is16. The word "incept" is closest in meaning to ________.A. operateB. startC. detectD. occupy17. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A. People's false memories result from the impact of different emotion provoked by later experience on the same spot.B. The success in research indicates that it won't be long that a therapy is worked out for people disturbed by painful memory.C. By zapping the brain cells of mice with light, researchers are able to create, erase, or alter their memories, good or bad.D. Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are based on them actually draw greatly upon scientific achievement.Questions 18-19 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the text about cholera. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the text.A child receives the oral cholera vaccine ShancholCholera is caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. Approximately one in 20 people infected with cholera has a serious case, with symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. These symptoms quickly cause dehydration and shock, and can result in death within hours if the infected person doesn't receive treatment. Cholera is typically transmitted by contaminated food or water. In areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water, the feces of people with cholera can enter the water supply and spread quickly, resulting in an epidemic. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in some coastal waters, so shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera in affected areas.18. Cholera is known to be a life-threatening disease which easily causes death of most of the patients.True ( ) False ( )19. Cholera typically occurs in areas near the sea or the river where contaminated food is a major source of the disease.True ( ) False ( )Questions 20-21 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the abstract of a research paper from the DeepMind website. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the abstract.Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendAuthors: K. M. Hermann, T. Kočiský, E. Grefenstette, L. Espeholt, W. Kay, M. Suleyman, P. BlunsomPublished: NIPS 2015Abstract: Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale training and test datasets have been missing for this type of evaluation. In this work we define a new methodology that resolves this bottleneck and provides large scale supervised reading comprehension data. This allows us to develop a class of attention based deep neural networks that learn to read real documents and answer complex questions with minimal prior knowledge of language structure.20. Previous studies didn't take constant effort to evaluate the reading ability of artificial intelligence machines, which was why the present research was conducted.True ( ) False ( )21. One implication of the research is that a methodology that helps gather and handle big data is indispensable to artificial intelligence related studies.True ( ) False ( )Questions 22-23 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about the "Think small" advertising campaign. Answer the questions according to the text.Think SmallI f you're interested in marketing and advertising, Volkswagen's "Think small" campaign for the Beetle when it was first introduced to North America in 1959 looms large as one of the greatest advertising campaigns of all time. It wasn't just a revolution in automotive advertising; it changed the entire industry.Until the Beetle hit the market, automotive marketing copy was full of bluster, and the images were flights of fancy, emphasizing low, long lines and a fantasy lifestyle.The clean, simple photography on a white background that emphasized the Beetle's compact, practical form may seem commonplace these days, but it was a revolution in a world where Americans grew up obsessed with muscle cars, horsepower, and tire smoke. Making the car small, when the convention was to make it fill the page, was also novel. The simplistic approach to design and layout was totally contrary to the advertising conventions of the time.__ __22_____ The text was minimalist in both look and content, presenting the facts simply instead of trying to weave tall tales and fantasies; and instead of bluster, it ushered in an intelligent sense of humor that made readers feel like they were in on the joke. The message was one of smart anti-luxury, and took gentle aim at an industry obsessed with superficiality and styling, rather than the substance underneath the car bodies.Not only does "Think small" continue to inspire Volkswagen advertising to this day, it ushered in a creative revolution in the advertising business and changed the world of marketing forever. "Think small" showed the power of humor and honesty, and its photographic and design principles brought about a major shift in the look and feel of marketing around the world.22. Which of the sentences below best fits the numbered space in the text?A. What defined the ad even more than its visual style was the tone of its copy.B. This ad starts off doing the exact opposite of what you would expect in a car ad.C. This was an exercise in minimalism and a very accurate reflection on the product itself.D. The car wasn't depicted as an integral piece of the daily lives of a middle class family.23. It can be inferred that the advertising conventions of the 1950s were reflected in the following except that ___________.A. The ads in the 1950s typically showed proud owners and passengers evoking great joy about new shiny big acquisitions.B. The marketing concept then focused on providing as much information as possible to thereader such as the way it's created.C. The marketing schemes associated the advertised product with an idea or a way of living from average consumers' perspective.D. The marketing practice may attach importance to a sense of humor brought by the use of exaggerated language.Questions 24-25 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following six remarks concerning the crowd. Four of them are taken from Gustave Le Bon's book, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. Choose the two remarks that may NOT be taken from the book.24-25. _______The CrowdA. In crowds it is stupidity and not mother wit that is accumulated.B. Crowds most envy the lonely man who walks confidently as if he is walking with the great crowds!C. A crowd is not merely impulsive and mobile. Like a savage, it is not prepared to admit that anything can come between its desire and the realization of its desire.D. I walked with them, as crowds have that effect on me, I want to do what they do, to journey towards some point of revelation, which of course never comes.E. Crowds, being incapable both of reflection and of reasoning, are devoid of the notion of improbability; and it is to be noted that in a general way it is the most improbable things that are the most striking.F. …the individual forming part of a crowd acquires, solely from numerical considerations, a sentiment of invincible power which allows him to yield to instincts which, had he been alone, he would perforce have kept under restraint.Questions 26-28 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a fly. Answer the questions according to the text.The FlyAt that moment the boss noticed that a fly had fallen into his broad inkpot, and was trying feebly but desperately to clamber out again. "Help! Help!" said those struggling legs. But the sides of the inkpot were wet and slippery; it fell back again and began to swim. The boss took up a pen,picked the fly out of the ink, and shook it on to a piece of blotting-paper. For a fraction of a second it lay still on the dark patch that oozed round it. Then the front legs waved, took hold, and, pulling its small, sodden body up, it began the immense task of cleaning the ink from its wings. Over and under, over and under, went a leg along a wing, as the stone goes over and under the scythe. Then there was a pause, while the fly, seeming to stand on the tips of its toes, tried to expand first one wing and then the other. It succeeded at last, and, sitting down, it began, like a minute cat, to clean its face. Now one could imagine that the little front legs rubbed against each other lightly, joyfully. 27 .26. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?A. The boss saved the fly out of his broad inkpot.B. The fly was trapped by the thick ink on its wings.C. The passage describes how a fly survived an accident.D. The passage shows how a fly conquered a challenge.27. Which of the following statement can best fit in the numbered space?A. The horrible danger was over; it had escaped; it was ready for life again.B. The boss was relieved now, reassured that the fly had been out of danger.C. But the front legs waved, caught hold, and, more slowly this time, the task restarted.D. But such a grinding feeling of wretchedness seized him that he felt positively frightened.28. The tone of the text can be described as a complex mixture of anything but _______.A. sympatheticB. humorousC. cheerfulD. depressingQuestions 29-30 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the text about Chaco Culture. Answer the questions according to the text.The "Chaco Culture", as modern-day archaeologists call it, flourished between roughly the 9th and 13th centuries A.D. and was centered at Chaco Canyon in what is now New Mexico.The people of the Chaco Culture built immense structures that at times encompassed more than 500 rooms. They also participated in long-distance trade that brought cacao, macaws (a type of parrot), turquoise and copper to Chaco Canyon.29_______, researchers have to rely on the artifacts and structures they left behind, as well as oral accounts that have been passed on through generations, to reconstruct what their lives were like.Archaeologists generally agree that Chaco Canyon was the center of Chaco Culture. Today the canyon is a national park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The National Park Service estimates that there are about 4,000 archaeological sites in the park, including more than a dozen immense structures that archaeologists sometimes call "Great Houses". Archaeological research has revealed many discoveries, including a system of roads that connected many Chaco Culture sites, and evidence of astronomical alignments that indicate that some Chaco Culture structures were oriented toward the solstice sun and lunar standstills.“There has been more archaeological research conducted in Chaco and on the subject of Chaco than on any other prehistoric district in North America,”says a National Park Service statement posted on Chaco Culture National Historical Park's website."Today, twenty Puebloan groups in New Mexico, as well as the Hopi in Arizona, claim Chaco as their ancestral homeland and are tied to this place through oral traditions and clan lineages. A number of Navajo clans are also affiliated with Chacoan sites through their traditional stories," the National Park Service statement says.Despite the fact that there has been an immense amount of archaeological research carried out at Chaco Canyon, and at other Chaco Culture sites in the American Southwest, modern-day archaeologists disagree over what the people of the Chaco Culture were like.Some archaeologists think that the people of the Chaco Culture were not politically united, while some think they controlled an empire centered on Chaco Canyon. "What was Chaco? Opinions vary widely, perhaps wildly. Interpretations range from a valley of peaceful farming villages to the monumental capital of an empire," wrote Stephen Lekson, a professor at the University of Colorado Boulder, in an article published in the book The Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico (University of Utah Press, 2007).Lekson noted that there are different interpretations among archaeologists as to what the Great Houses were. Some archaeologists believe that they were villages inhabited by thousands of people, while others think that they were elite residences that housed a small number of residents.29. Which of the following best fits in the numbered space in the text?A. The people of the Chaco Culture did not use a writing system and as suchB. While archaeologists are not certain what caused this dramatic population bumpC. When thinking about archaeological sites, we tend to think of them as dead silentD. Since Chaco's national monument status may not protect it from development pressures30. Which of the following statements can we know from the text?A. The people of the Chaco culture were good at foreign trade.B. "Great Houses" were built from approximately the 9th to 13thcentury A.D.C. Most descendants of ancient Chaco people live in New Mexico now.D. Archaeologists hold different ideas about how the people of the Chaco Culture lived. Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passages on the same subject. You will be required to identify the writer's position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer's arguments. (Time allowed: 35 minutes)Questions 31-40 (Suggested completion time: 35 minutes)Directions: Read three passages about fashion. Answer the questions according to the passages.Passage AIt's not that easy to answer the question, "what is fashion?" because it means different things to different people. Fashion is an art. It's a religion. It's a job. It's a peek into a personality. It's playfulness. It's an escape or a disguise. It is a feast for the eyes. But ultimately, 32 . French fashion designer Coco Chanel once said, "Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening."It's true. Fashion isn't defined solely by our clothing choices, but is also conveyed through the way we carry ourselves, our personalities and our views of the world. At its most fundamental, fashion is simply the prevailing style or custom, as in dress or behavior.So, who exactly answers the question "what is fashion"? Who decides what's fashionable and what isn't? What's in or what's out?Fashion Designers. The iconic fashion houses—Prada, Gucci, Chanel—are referred to as haute couture, French for "high sewing". These designers lead the way in creating trend-setting fashion. While some of their designs are outrageous and completely unrealistic when it comes to everyday wear, generally the theme is adapted into versions suitable for wearing.Media. Fashion trends are often sparked by characters on popular television shows and movies as well as adopted from magazine pages. "Sex and the City", "The Devil Wears Prada", these shows introduced us to new, cutting-edge designs. While you might not be caught dead wearing aCarrie Bradshaw original, you might take ideas inspired from her look and piece together your own creation.Celebrities. A prime example of a celebrity-driven fashion trend? UGGs. Until Kate Hudson and Jessica Simpson were spotted wearing them around L.A. several years ago, no one had given any thought to UGG boots. Now they are everywhere.Musicians. Musicians have always been very influential when it comes to dictating fashion. Rock 'n' roll is fashion. Elvis is an iconic example. In the 1950s, everyone wanted to dress like Elvis. What about the heavy metal hair bands so popular in the 1980s? Axl Rose reinvented the head bandana while Poison, Motley Crue and Bon Jovi set the pace for big, rocker hair.Just because you don't know if a Prada bag is fall 2007 or spring 2008 doesn't matter. All that matters is that you like it and it's an expression of you. That is fashion.Passage B[A]Fashion is more prevalent in modern society than in primitive tribes or peasant communities. The modern society is an open society where class distinctions are not so rigid as in primitive society. Its urban and mobile class structure enables people to cultivate individual taste and adopt new course. [B]Our standards of judgment have also changed. Today the individual is rated more by observable externalities than by his ancestry, his character or his genuine accomplishments. The clothes a man wears, the language he speaks, the manners he shows have more weight in ascribing a status than his simplicity, patriotism and integrity.If he can keep himself up to date in the matters of his dress, speech and manners, he will assure himself a high social esteem. [C]Not only the mobile and urban character of modern society but its affluence also speaks for greater prevalence of fashion in it. Men today are richer than their ancestors and have more leisure. They have the necessary means and time to play with luxuries and to think of fashion. Maclver writes: We do not think of fashion in overalls; there is more of fashion in the body of an automobile than in its chassis. There is no fashion in steam shovels. [D]Consequently the higher the standard of living the more material there is for fashion to operate upon.Passage CAs summer has officially faded into the colder weather of autumn, I assumed the days of Nike shorts, comically large T-shirts and polos would be only a memory of yesterday. This has not been the case.Fashion, in and of itself, is already a type of conformism. In order to be considered fashion, a look, a garment or a stylistic choice must be deemed fashionable.Who gets to decide this—what is fashionable? While certain fashion heavyweights play a role in this decision, the ultimate decision is left to the public.As I was surfing the Web recently for inspiration for this column, I came across the Prada website. What I discovered literally caused me to gasp. Of course, everyone knows Prada is an expensive brand—a luxury—but what I discovered shocked me: a keychain priced at $180. No, this keychain was not solid gold or encased in diamonds. It was simply a keychain: a skull with the word "Prada" on a small charm.。
“外研社”杯全国高等职业院校英语写作大赛研究——以公共英语组复赛为例
213国内刊号 C N 61-1499/C 2020年10月（下）曹丛丛（三亚理工职业学院，海南三亚 572022）“外研社”杯全国高等职业院校英语写作大赛研究——以公共英语组复赛为例摘 要：“外研社”杯全国高职高专英语写作大赛，是国内规模最大的面向在校大学生举办的全国性英语写作赛事。
我校从2018年开始系统地组织学生参加该比赛，并多次获得优异成绩。
以“外研社”杯全国高职高专英语写作大赛的公共英语组复赛为例，本文从复赛备赛培训安排、参赛经验分析及对教学的启发等方面进行分析总结，从而达到“以赛促学，以赛促教”的作用，从而提升整体英语教学水平。
关键词：外研社杯；英语写作大赛；复赛备赛；教学一年一度的“外研社”杯全国高职高专英语写作大赛已成功举办十届，此类大赛体现高职特色，突出应用能力，内容贴近当代大学生的学习和生活，又反应未来工作岗位对英语写作能力的要求和个人职业发展的需求。
本文结合自身的辅导学生参赛的经验，将从赛事安排、比赛总结和大赛对教学的启发方面谈进行论述。
一、“外研社”杯全国高等职业院校英语写作大赛介绍1.“外研社”杯全国高等职业院校英语写作大赛的发展及现状“外研社”杯全国高等职业院校英语写作大赛是由外语教学与研究出版社主办，面向全国高职学生的公益性赛事。
大赛分为英语专业组和公共英语组，其中公共英语组是指除商务英语、旅游英语、英语教育、应用英语专业的之外的其他专业的学生。
迄今为止，大赛已连续成功举办十届，并逐渐成为国内极具权威且规模最大的高职类英语写作大赛。
2.复赛写作形式和内容复赛为现场写作，由各省（自治区、直辖市）复赛组委会指定承办单位组织实施。
可选择“在线写作”或“纸质写作”的形式。
公共英语组复赛题的写作写作时间共120分钟，内容包括两部分，第一部分为应用文写作，包括边条、备忘录、通知等等；第二部分为图表作文，要求看图画，根据图表规定情境、大纲提示来完成图表描述及个人观点的表达，命题范围较广，以文化，经济、教育、生活等方面为出题背景，重点考查学生对这些领域所出现的社会现象的思考能力和用语言来描述的能力。
试谈2018“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛定题演讲的破题与写作
２１ 对于礼仪的教育我们应该始终不懈，并根据不同学生的情况来进行不同的教育。
表２ 学生日常行为规范的调查表（％）３．对文明礼仪教育活动的重视程度。
从我们抽样调查的３００名学生的问卷可以看出，学校及班级有开展文明礼仪的相关活动。
但活动开展的范围、形式和效果还有待继续提高和加强。
重视文明礼仪的教育活动，才能高效的提高学生的文明礼仪素养，才能培养学生更好的文明行为习惯。
表３ 学校及班级开展文明礼仪教育活动的频率调查（％）三、结论与建议１．结论。
通过对我校高职生文明礼仪现状的调查分析，得出以下结论：大多数学生对文明礼仪方面的基本常识具有一定的了解，能够有较基础的辨别能力。
但是也有部分学生对文明礼仪常识了解面较狭窄，甚至有极少的学生对文明礼仪并表示漠不关心。
在日常行为规范方面，多数学生还是能够自觉做到懂礼貌、讲文明、守规矩等，但也有不少的同学处于不稳定状态，有时候能够自觉做到，但有时候也会出现不文明的行为。
学校和各班级每个学期都有开展相关文明礼仪教育活动，但有些同学参加这类活动的类型和次数较少，形式也较为单一。
２．建议。
经过对调查结果的分析，了解到我校学生文明礼仪的实际情况存在一定的问题。
就此，提出以下几点建议：要给学生营造良好的礼仪文化氛围，让学生在这样的环境中自然而然的受到熏陶，从而培养文明的自觉性。
帮助学生明确自己的优点和缺点，帮助他们找到自身的实际问题，从而不断的自我加强与完善。
加强学生的思想教育，分阶段分版块对学生进行持续的思想政治教育。
根据我院学生总体认知情况和特点，通过有效的思想教育模式，提高学生的正确意识，端正学生的日常行为规范，树立学生正确的人生观、价值观。
学院及班级应大力看展相关的活动，让同学参加多样性的活动，用实践来引导学生学习并养成文明礼仪的行为。
开展活动的力度及范围一定要大，让每个学生都有机会参与这样的教育活动，总体提高文明礼仪的认知度。
“文明礼仪教育中关于信念、情趣、审美等方面的教育，也正是学校观念文化建设的重要内容。
2018外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛样题
2018“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题赛题分值说明：1. 线上初赛：题型仅为客观题，即Read and Know，Read and Reason，Read and Question 三个模块，共40题，答题时间为110分钟，满分100分。
第1-3题每题1分，第4-9题每题2分，第10题5分，第11-30题每题3分，第31-40题每题2分。
2. 复赛和决赛：题型包含客观题和主观题，即Read and Know，Read and Reason，Read and Question，Read and Create四个模块，共41题，答题时间为150分钟，满分100分。
第1-3题每题1分，第4-9题每题2分，第10题5分，第11-30题每题1.5分，第31-40题每题2分，第41题30分。
Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time allowed: 20 minutes)Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes with the people. Please note there are two extra options you do not need.Question 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.To ensure the high standards of facilities we need to build new wards, laboratories and consulting rooms. In short, we need your help now. Complete the coupon today and rest assured that your donation is going to the best possible cause.4. Where is the piece of text taken from?A. an advertisementB. an instruction bookletC. a storyD. a newspaperQuestion 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Few corners of the world remain untainted by intrepid tourists, and their impact is often devastating. Too frequently they trample heedlessly on fragile environments, displacing wildlife and local populations in their insatiable quest for unexplored locations.5. What is the best title for this text?A. The Future of TourismB. The Role of TourismC. The Price of TourismD. The Benefits of TourismQuestion 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.With E-book sales increasing by more than 300% for the second year, publishers delivering new revenue streams through E-book Apps, and academic publishers long having derived some 90% of their revenue online, it is a travesty to describe all this as the publishing world being "in denial" about digital.6. What is the main idea of this text?A. Publishers are making profits from E-book sales.B. Not all publishers are threatened by digital storms.C. E-books become a main source of revenue for publishers.D. Traditional publishing industry is dying out.Question 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.With our travel agency, the holiday you book is the holiday you get. If you arrive and find we've failed to live up to our promises, let us know what the problem is within one day of yourarrival. We'll spend 24 hours doing everything possible to sort the problem out. In the unlikely event that we can't resolve your problem and make you happy within 24 hours, we'll fly you home and give your money back.7. The text could best be described as__________.A. a commitmentB. an appealC. a warningD. a vowQuestion 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.The new digital cameras are great fun and very easy to use. They let you review your pictures the moment you take them, so you can re-shoot right away if you're not satisfied. But remember, a digital camera is just a computer XXXX. It's not a replacement for your ordinary camera.8. What is the meaning of the missing word XXXX in the text?A. "something that is poor quality"B. "an item that is not essential, something extra"C. "something expensive but good value for money"D. "a fashion which always remains popular"Question 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.She had gone alone, but the children were to go to the station to meet her. And loving the station as they did, it was only natural that they should be there a good hour before there was any chance of Mother's train arriving, even if the train were punctual, which was most unlikely.9. What can you say about their mother's train?A. It would probably be early.B. It would probably be on time.C. It would probably be late.D. It had been cancelled.Question 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: The bar chart shows the number and proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions, from 1990-1992 to 2014-2016. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report 201510. Choose the INCORRECT description about the chart.A. The latest estimates suggest that nearly one in nine individuals do not have enough to eat between 2014 and 2016.B. Projections indicate that the 2015 MDG target is nearly reached, with 12.9 per cent of undernourished population.C. The situation noticeably improved during the years 1995-1999, but went down in the first five years of the new millennium.D. The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has fallen by almost half since 1990.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time allowed: 55 minutes)Question 11 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following definition of a logical fallacy. Answer the question according to the definition.11. Which of the following provides a typical example of poisoning the well?A. That's my stance on funding the education system, and anyone who disagrees with me hates children.B. You are so weird. That means—we are pretty much sure—that your whole family is weird, too.C. God exists because the Bible says so. The Bible is inspired. Therefore, we know that God exists.D. I don't care what you say. We don't need any more bookshelves. As long as the carpet is clean, we are fine.Question 12 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Look at the following picture and then answer the question.12. Which of the following logical fallacies does the picture illustrate?A. False Dilemma: an argument that presents a limited set of two possible categories and assumes that everything in the scope of the discussion must be an element of that setB. Guilt by Association: a fallacy used to discredit an argument for proposing an idea that is shared by some socially demonized individual or groupC. No True Scotsman: an argument coming up after someone has made a general claim about a group of things and then been presented with evidence challenging that claimD. Hasty Generalization: a fallacy committed when one forms a conclusion from a sample that is either too small or too special to be representativeQuestions 13-14 Reasoning (Suggested completion time: 10 minutes)13. Many people report that exposure to certain foods and drinks such as cheese, chocolate, and red wine, is associated with the onset of migraine headaches. Other people report that exposure to certain smells (especially strong perfumes) seems to trigger a migraine headache, and some note that exposure to bright and flickering lights can be followed by a migraine. It would seem that a person with a tendency to get migraines should try to find out which of these situations is associated with the onset of the headache and then avoid this stimulus.All of the following, if true, would make the above recommendation impractical except: A. The time delay between the trigger and the onset of the headache can make it exceptionally difficult to identify the trigger.B. The presence of a known trigger doesn't always cause a migraine.C. In a high proportion of cases the patients report multiple triggers for their headaches.D. Most of the known triggers are common and almost unavoidable features of modern life.14. Richard: The national budget should provide significant increases in all levels of education inthe upcoming year.Natalie: That's not fair. A reduction in defense spending in peacetime may bring us excessive risks. We can't afford it.Which of the following is the best interpretation of Natalie's argument?A. Funds saved from defense have been diverted to all levels of education.B. Highlighting spending on education dangerously impacts on spending on the military.C. The size of the military budget reflects a state's ability to fund educational activities.D. Compared with military spending, investing in education will create a financial crisis. Questions 15-17 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a science discovery. Answer the questions according to the text.Manipulating MemoryMemory is notoriously malleable. Our recollections fade and take on new meanings; sometimes we remember things that never even happened. But 15 .Recently, however, scientists have started to grasp and tinker with memory's physical basis. Last year, in work evocative of films such as Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and Inception, researchers discovered ways to manipulate specific memories in mice using optogenetics, a powerful technique that can trigger nerve cells in animals' brains by zapping them with beams of laser light. In a series of experiments, they showed that they could delete existing memories and "incept" false ones.This year, researchers went even further: switching the emotional content of a memory in mice from bad to good and vice versa. Under the laser, for example, male mice that had onceassociated a certain room with being shocked were tricked into acting as though they had once met friendly female mice there instead.Whether the mice in these experiments actually experienced vivid false memories or just a fuzzy sense of pleasure or fear is unclear. Nor is it clear whether the findings apply to the tricks of memory so familiar to people. Long-sought therapeutic advances, such as treatments forpost-traumatic stress disorder, could remain far off. One thing is certain, however: Once considered beyond scientific dissection, memory is finally starting to yield its secrets.15. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in the text?A. what is really happening in our brain as memories are remodeled remains mysteriousB. scientists are curious about why people are oblivious to what have happened to themC. advanced technology has helped scientists discover the workings of our brainD. some scientists argue that what we observe about human memory is not what it really is16. The word "incept" is closest in meaning to ________.A. operateB. startC. detectD. occupy17. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A. People's false memories result from the impact of different emotion provoked by later experience on the same spot.B. The success in research indicates that it won't be long that a therapy is worked out for people disturbed by painful memory.C. By zapping the brain cells of mice with light, researchers are able to create, erase, or alter their memories, good or bad.D. Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are based on them actually draw greatly upon scientific achievement.Questions 18-19 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the text about cholera. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the text.A child receives the oral cholera vaccine ShancholCholera is caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. Approximately one in 20 people infected with cholera has a serious case, with symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. These symptoms quickly cause dehydration and shock, and can result in death within hours if the infected person doesn't receive treatment. Cholera is typically transmitted by contaminated food or water. In areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water, the feces of people with cholera can enter the water supply and spread quickly, resulting in an epidemic. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in some coastal waters, so shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera in affected areas.18. Cholera is known to be a life-threatening disease which easily causes death of most of the patients.True ( ) False ( )19. Cholera typically occurs in areas near the sea or the river where contaminated food is a major source of the disease.True ( ) False ( )Questions 20-21 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the abstract of a research paper from the DeepMind website. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the abstract.Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendAuthors: K. M. Hermann, T. Kočiský, E. Grefenstette, L. Espeholt, W. Kay, M. Suleyman, P. BlunsomPublished: NIPS 2015Abstract: Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale training and test datasets have been missing for this type of evaluation. In this work we define a new methodology that resolves this bottleneck and provides large scale supervised reading comprehension data. This allows us to develop a class of attention based deep neural networks that learn to read real documents and answer complex questions with minimal prior knowledge of language structure.20. Previous studies didn't take constant effort to evaluate the reading ability of artificial intelligence machines, which was why the present research was conducted.True ( ) False ( )21. One implication of the research is that a methodology that helps gather and handle big data is indispensable to artificial intelligence related studies.True ( ) False ( )Questions 22-23 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about the "Think small" advertising campaign. Answer the questions according to the text.Think SmallI f you're interested in marketing and advertising, Volkswagen's "Think small" campaign for the Beetle when it was first introduced to North America in 1959 looms large as one of the greatest advertising campaigns of all time. It wasn't just a revolution in automotive advertising; it changed the entire industry.Until the Beetle hit the market, automotive marketing copy was full of bluster, and the images were flights of fancy, emphasizing low, long lines and a fantasy lifestyle.The clean, simple photography on a white background that emphasized the Beetle's compact, practical form may seem commonplace these days, but it was a revolution in a world where Americans grew up obsessed with muscle cars, horsepower, and tire smoke. Making the car small, when the convention was to make it fill the page, was also novel. The simplistic approach to design and layout was totally contrary to the advertising conventions of the time.__ __22_____ The text was minimalist in both look and content, presenting the facts simply instead of trying to weave tall tales and fantasies; and instead of bluster, it ushered in an intelligent sense of humor that made readers feel like they were in on the joke. The message was one of smart anti-luxury, and took gentle aim at an industry obsessed with superficiality and styling, rather than the substance underneath the car bodies.Not only does "Think small" continue to inspire Volkswagen advertising to this day, it ushered in a creative revolution in the advertising business and changed the world of marketing forever. "Think small" showed the power of humor and honesty, and its photographic and design principles brought about a major shift in the look and feel of marketing around the world.22. Which of the sentences below best fits the numbered space in the text?A. What defined the ad even more than its visual style was the tone of its copy.B. This ad starts off doing the exact opposite of what you would expect in a car ad.C. This was an exercise in minimalism and a very accurate reflection on the product itself.D. The car wasn't depicted as an integral piece of the daily lives of a middle class family.23. It can be inferred that the advertising conventions of the 1950s were reflected in the following except that ___________.A. The ads in the 1950s typically showed proud owners and passengers evoking great joy about new shiny big acquisitions.B. The marketing concept then focused on providing as much information as possible to thereader such as the way it's created.C. The marketing schemes associated the advertised product with an idea or a way of living from average consumers' perspective.D. The marketing practice may attach importance to a sense of humor brought by the use of exaggerated language.Questions 24-25 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following six remarks concerning the crowd. Four of them are taken from Gustave Le Bon's book, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. Choose the two remarks that may NOT be taken from the book.24-25. _______The CrowdA. In crowds it is stupidity and not mother wit that is accumulated.B. Crowds most envy the lonely man who walks confidently as if he is walking with the great crowds!C. A crowd is not merely impulsive and mobile. Like a savage, it is not prepared to admit that anything can come between its desire and the realization of its desire.D. I walked with them, as crowds have that effect on me, I want to do what they do, to journey towards some point of revelation, which of course never comes.E. Crowds, being incapable both of reflection and of reasoning, are devoid of the notion of improbability; and it is to be noted that in a general way it is the most improbable things that are the most striking.F. …the individual forming part of a crowd acquires, solely from numerical considerations, a sentiment of invincible power which allows him to yield to instincts which, had he been alone, he would perforce have kept under restraint.Questions 26-28 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a fly. Answer the questions according to the text.The FlyAt that moment the boss noticed that a fly had fallen into his broad inkpot, and was trying feebly but desperately to clamber out again. "Help! Help!" said those struggling legs. But the sides of the inkpot were wet and slippery; it fell back again and began to swim. The boss took up a pen,picked the fly out of the ink, and shook it on to a piece of blotting-paper. For a fraction of a second it lay still on the dark patch that oozed round it. Then the front legs waved, took hold, and, pulling its small, sodden body up, it began the immense task of cleaning the ink from its wings. Over and under, over and under, went a leg along a wing, as the stone goes over and under the scythe. Then there was a pause, while the fly, seeming to stand on the tips of its toes, tried to expand first one wing and then the other. It succeeded at last, and, sitting down, it began, like a minute cat, to clean its face. Now one could imagine that the little front legs rubbed against each other lightly, joyfully. 27 .26. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?A. The boss saved the fly out of his broad inkpot.B. The fly was trapped by the thick ink on its wings.C. The passage describes how a fly survived an accident.D. The passage shows how a fly conquered a challenge.27. Which of the following statement can best fit in the numbered space?A. The horrible danger was over; it had escaped; it was ready for life again.B. The boss was relieved now, reassured that the fly had been out of danger.C. But the front legs waved, caught hold, and, more slowly this time, the task restarted.D. But such a grinding feeling of wretchedness seized him that he felt positively frightened.28. The tone of the text can be described as a complex mixture of anything but _______.A. sympatheticB. humorousC. cheerfulD. depressingQuestions 29-30 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the text about Chaco Culture. Answer the questions according to the text.The "Chaco Culture", as modern-day archaeologists call it, flourished between roughly the 9th and 13th centuries A.D. and was centered at Chaco Canyon in what is now New Mexico.The people of the Chaco Culture built immense structures that at times encompassed more than 500 rooms. They also participated in long-distance trade that brought cacao, macaws (a type of parrot), turquoise and copper to Chaco Canyon.29_______, researchers have to rely on the artifacts and structures they left behind, as well as oral accounts that have been passed on through generations, to reconstruct what their lives were like.Archaeologists generally agree that Chaco Canyon was the center of Chaco Culture. Today the canyon is a national park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The National Park Service estimates that there are about 4,000 archaeological sites in the park, including more than a dozen immense structures that archaeologists sometimes call "Great Houses". Archaeological research has revealed many discoveries, including a system of roads that connected many Chaco Culture sites, and evidence of astronomical alignments that indicate that some Chaco Culture structures were oriented toward the solstice sun and lunar standstills.“There has been more archaeological research conducted in Chaco and on the subject of Chaco than on any other prehistoric district in North America,”says a National Park Service statement posted on Chaco Culture National Historical Park's website."Today, twenty Puebloan groups in New Mexico, as well as the Hopi in Arizona, claim Chaco as their ancestral homeland and are tied to this place through oral traditions and clan lineages. A number of Navajo clans are also affiliated with Chacoan sites through their traditional stories," the National Park Service statement says.Despite the fact that there has been an immense amount of archaeological research carried out at Chaco Canyon, and at other Chaco Culture sites in the American Southwest, modern-day archaeologists disagree over what the people of the Chaco Culture were like.Some archaeologists think that the people of the Chaco Culture were not politically united, while some think they controlled an empire centered on Chaco Canyon. "What was Chaco? Opinions vary widely, perhaps wildly. Interpretations range from a valley of peaceful farming villages to the monumental capital of an empire," wrote Stephen Lekson, a professor at the University of Colorado Boulder, in an article published in the book The Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico (University of Utah Press, 2007).Lekson noted that there are different interpretations among archaeologists as to what the Great Houses were. Some archaeologists believe that they were villages inhabited by thousands of people, while others think that they were elite residences that housed a small number of residents.29. Which of the following best fits in the numbered space in the text?A. The people of the Chaco Culture did not use a writing system and as suchB. While archaeologists are not certain what caused this dramatic population bumpC. When thinking about archaeological sites, we tend to think of them as dead silentD. Since Chaco's national monument status may not protect it from development pressures30. Which of the following statements can we know from the text?A. The people of the Chaco culture were good at foreign trade.B. "Great Houses" were built from approximately the 9th to 13thcentury A.D.C. Most descendants of ancient Chaco people live in New Mexico now.D. Archaeologists hold different ideas about how the people of the Chaco Culture lived. Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passages on the same subject. You will be required to identify the writer's position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer's arguments. (Time allowed: 35 minutes)Questions 31-40 (Suggested completion time: 35 minutes)Directions: Read three passages about fashion. Answer the questions according to the passages.Passage AIt's not that easy to answer the question, "what is fashion?" because it means different things to different people. Fashion is an art. It's a religion. It's a job. It's a peek into a personality. It's playfulness. It's an escape or a disguise. It is a feast for the eyes. But ultimately, 32 . French fashion designer Coco Chanel once said, "Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening."It's true. Fashion isn't defined solely by our clothing choices, but is also conveyed through the way we carry ourselves, our personalities and our views of the world. At its most fundamental, fashion is simply the prevailing style or custom, as in dress or behavior.So, who exactly answers the question "what is fashion"? Who decides what's fashionable and what isn't? What's in or what's out?Fashion Designers. The iconic fashion houses—Prada, Gucci, Chanel—are referred to as haute couture, French for "high sewing". These designers lead the way in creating trend-setting fashion. While some of their designs are outrageous and completely unrealistic when it comes to everyday wear, generally the theme is adapted into versions suitable for wearing.Media. Fashion trends are often sparked by characters on popular television shows and movies as well as adopted from magazine pages. "Sex and the City", "The Devil Wears Prada", these shows introduced us to new, cutting-edge designs. While you might not be caught dead wearing aCarrie Bradshaw original, you might take ideas inspired from her look and piece together your own creation.Celebrities. A prime example of a celebrity-driven fashion trend? UGGs. Until Kate Hudson and Jessica Simpson were spotted wearing them around L.A. several years ago, no one had given any thought to UGG boots. Now they are everywhere.Musicians. Musicians have always been very influential when it comes to dictating fashion. Rock 'n' roll is fashion. Elvis is an iconic example. In the 1950s, everyone wanted to dress like Elvis. What about the heavy metal hair bands so popular in the 1980s? Axl Rose reinvented the head bandana while Poison, Motley Crue and Bon Jovi set the pace for big, rocker hair.Just because you don't know if a Prada bag is fall 2007 or spring 2008 doesn't matter. All that matters is that you like it and it's an expression of you. That is fashion.Passage B[A]Fashion is more prevalent in modern society than in primitive tribes or peasant communities. The modern society is an open society where class distinctions are not so rigid as in primitive society. Its urban and mobile class structure enables people to cultivate individual taste and adopt new course. [B]Our standards of judgment have also changed. Today the individual is rated more by observable externalities than by his ancestry, his character or his genuine accomplishments. The clothes a man wears, the language he speaks, the manners he shows have more weight in ascribing a status than his simplicity, patriotism and integrity.If he can keep himself up to date in the matters of his dress, speech and manners, he will assure himself a high social esteem. [C]Not only the mobile and urban character of modern society but its affluence also speaks for greater prevalence of fashion in it. Men today are richer than their ancestors and have more leisure. They have the necessary means and time to play with luxuries and to think of fashion. Maclver writes: We do not think of fashion in overalls; there is more of fashion in the body of an automobile than in its chassis. There is no fashion in steam shovels. [D]Consequently the higher the standard of living the more material there is for fashion to operate upon.Passage CAs summer has officially faded into the colder weather of autumn, I assumed the days of Nike shorts, comically large T-shirts and polos would be only a memory of yesterday. This has not been the case.Fashion, in and of itself, is already a type of conformism. In order to be considered fashion, a look, a garment or a stylistic choice must be deemed fashionable.Who gets to decide this—what is fashionable? While certain fashion heavyweights play a role in this decision, the ultimate decision is left to the public.As I was surfing the Web recently for inspiration for this column, I came across the Prada website. What I discovered literally caused me to gasp. Of course, everyone knows Prada is an expensive brand—a luxury—but what I discovered shocked me: a keychain priced at $180. No, this keychain was not solid gold or encased in diamonds. It was simply a keychain: a skull with the word "Prada" on a small charm.。
“外研社杯”全国大学生写作大赛范文
“外研社杯”全国大学生写作大赛范文这外研社杯的英语写作比赛也是举办了有很多年，而且每一年都举办的非常成功，也都有非常优秀的写作作品出炉，今天就一起看看这外研社杯的优秀范文吧！外研社杯全国大学生写作大赛范文1 variety is the spice of lifenowadays,the transportation are more and more convenient,we can go someplace and visit some friends easily,but an increasing number of people always feel alone.the body is close,but how far is it from one soul to another?we feel alone,because we do not care much about what is happening around the world if it does not affect our personal lives.in my opinion, life is fine and enjoyable, yet you must learn toenjoy your fine life.it is stupid to just care about yourself.you should know that variety is the spice of life.so it is important to know events happening around the world, though sometimes they are unlikely to affect our daily life.there are three points are in favor of my opinion.to begin with,it can help us realize our life value better.as old chinese saying goes as a man,first,you should cultivate individual moral character, second,you should run the family unison, last,you should manage the nation in order, and peace will prevail throughout the universe.it means that the highest value in life is to society.we own do not know ourself very much,if we just care about ourself,we can not find the value of our own.life will be too smooth without excitement and interests.how boring the life will be!.if we know more events,we will find our life value easily.besides,to know events happening around the world can help us make more friends with others. and make our mind sharper.if you know more,you can make friends with stranger easily because you can find common topic easily.last but not the least,it can also help us live better.we can get allkinds of information from various events.for example,we can know that the price of vegetable will be high if you know that there is a flood in the vegetable production,so you can save a lot of money.that is fantastic!in conclusion, variety is spice of life.to know more,and it will guide us into a better world for a better life.第二篇emotional and emotions do play a significant role in our actions and attitudes. we may encounter some personal tragedies or sufferings, but the actions and attitudes we take might differ. for example, being moderately positive means that we can keep a sanguine outlook on our experience; means that we can transmute the negative feelings into a positive attitude towards our frustration; means that we can look the unpleasant matters in a positive light and tackle them with greatresilience. personally, i espouse bing a moderately positiveindividual.hellen keller, who was blind and deaf, became a celebrated writers with unflagging belief in herself and unyielding willpower. in front of hellen keller, there lied two options: either live live to its fullest or wither away like the autumn leaves. instead of capitulating to the sheer darkness and silence, she harbored prodigious fortitude to vanquish the personal trageies and sufferings. under the assistance of her teacher anne, she learnt braille and writing. after reading a sea of books, hellen keller soaked up all the quintessence and wisdom of other writers and attempted to write her own. the spirit of never being pessimistic sustained her in the most darkest hours of her life and she rose like a shinging star in the firmament of writing. her teacher also held a positive belief in hellen so she resolved to help hellen face life positively.there are innumerable other examplars of being moderately positive. thomas edison, by dint of a postive mindset and unwavering pursuit, invented the most endurable and suitable material to make the incandescent bulb which marked theinauguration of the electrical era. madame curie, by virtue of a optimistic attitude and steadfast tenacity, extracted an infinitesimal amount of radium from tons of impure materials after three-year-and-nine-month experiment and advocated to use radioisotope to cure cancer which rendered humanity a powerful weapon to fight against the fatal disease. hua luogeng, a renowned chinesesmethematician, metamorphosed into a math master by holding a positive outlook and unswerving doggedness.it‘s not hard to find the common denominator of the brilliant and reverent giants: a positive outlook towards the sufferings and failures.being moderately positive will arm us with an effective weapon to repel the enemies of negative feelings that will hold us back and become a stumbling block on the way ahead. it will bolster up our belief and confidence in the face of the mishaps and torments and we will possess a more optimistic perspective to the life tragedies. being moderatelypositive is like a beacon light of hope which will illuminate our way ahead and resembles a lighthouse which show us the path when we are disoriented. then all the darkness will fade away and crumble into dust. beingmoderately positive is the inner force which propels you froward in the teeth of setback and hurdles. we will ooze confidence and persistence no matter how tough the situation is.nevertheless, we are supposed to put the positive mindset in perspective, which means we need to understand it in the appropriate and right way. here the positive mindset is a moderately positive one, not overly optimistic. anything that is too much will backfire. the last emperor of shang dynasty was being too sanguine and optimistic and believed that his kingdom was impregnable and was never to be toppled by others. thus he sank into the debauched and promiscuous lifestyle, listened to the malign suggestions of his diabolical officers and precluded any good suggestions from being sent to him. the decadence and depravity eventually led to his downfall and his power was nullified andcompromised. this renders us a good lesson that we shall never become overly optimistic about our lives, works, conditions and circumstances because undue and inordinate optimism led to the complacent and smug mentality. it is always counterproductive.individuals should always strive for the better selves rather than rest and wallow in self-contentment when the achievements are made. that is why being overly optimistic should be deprecated and criticized.so, what we need to do is to differentiate the positive mind from the overly-optimistic one, for there is a 出现恶意脚本ry line between these two. our capacity to distinguish between them must be acuqired by constant failures and attempts. always being moderately positive is not an easy task and trying to keep it is even much harder. sometimes we will become disheartened and lose all the hope; sometimes we will enjoy theexhilaration of being successful and then get obsessed with thecurrent achievements. through failures, we can have a much clearer interpretation of being moderately postive. and this is a long process that should be covered step by step and brick by brick.can being positive backfaire? i cannot answer in the affirmative. but add "moderatelyto the sentence: can being moderately positive backfire? my answer is definitely no.第三篇lin‘s friend, lee, is one of the competitors. they grew up together and surely he is the one lin least expects to see. lee is not prepared to be eliminated, though. he has obtained a phd degree from a prestigious university. for the last two months, the hr manager has been inviting him toapply for this position. it seems pretty obvious that lee, this young and accomplished man, with a bright future ahead of him, is definitely going to get the job, even though he will confront those so-called mighty robots."what is that again? human intelligence.he scrolls down thewebpageintroducingthe types of the two humanoid robots he isgoing to meet. "i prefer this one. she was set to be more docile. she might be a good friend, well, when i am in need.""type c112345.lee tells the type of that female robot to phone."and what level of control would you like to access, sir?coming from the other end of the phone."well, let‘s make it the top level.he replies. after paying 1o,ooogrand for it, he receives a link to an application called rb control. he opens the app, and laughs out insanely when the control options pop on the screen.with his head held so high and hair pressed so neatly, he enters the company gate. he turns off his phone, and starts glancing at people, until he finally sets his eyes on a similar figure of a man."lin! my old friend! what a surprise!lee marches forward.lin, on the other hand, is not so pleased to see him. his body freezes when that very voice of lee‘s comes from his back.dear lord,please, not that man.and as he is praying, he turns to the origin of the voice. well, here lee is, with that neatly pressed hair like cold stone and that oily warm smile.as lee is shaking his hands and hugging him from various angles, the hr manager approaches, calling the two guys inside and that is when lee is finally able to let go of lin‘s fragile body. lee naturally sits in the very middle of the room, while lin gets a seat beside lee, and the three other competitors enter. lee stares at the only lady. the lady is wearing a very decent black dress and looks absolutely smart. he instantly takes out the phone and starts to change everything."intelligence, down to 4. eloquence, down to 3.....as he murmurs, the brightness in the lady‘s eyes start to fade. she was talking to one of the men, but suddenly, she was stammering and speaking with a lot of grammar mistakes.i name is mary. i from near and i want get this job....the lady startsintroducingherself, and apparently, this introduction is not good enough."i am sorry, but are you sure your name is mary? as in , the mary whom i sent the interview offer to?the hr manager speaks with slight irritation, while he is flipping mary‘s file.tear starts to fill the lady‘s eyes. she cannot explain what is going on with her brain.lin has witnessed everything about lee manipulating this lady. he pinches lee‘s left hand and says, stop it right now, or i will report you i swear it!"lee gives him a pat on his back ,well, mate, you haven‘t changed a bit. "lin feels disgusted; he raises his hands and asks for permission to go to the toilet. lee as well, says he wants to go along. the second after they leave the room, lee stops lin and whispers,i want to show you something. shh, promise me you will not laugh out."before lin can refuse, of course he knows it is going to be about insulting the poor lady inside, lee starts to make changes again. "intelligence, down to 1. eloquence, down to 2. temperament,let‘s, make it, bad.again, that smileappear on his face.you know, lin, i wasn‘t going to get this far. i was going to make her just a little less excellent than me. but now that you are going to report me. i might as well jeopardize everything. andthat is so fun, just look at her!"the lady is speaking, but no one can understand. she is sweating and everyone inside seems reluctant to listen to her. and she starts yelling, screaming, stomping her feet like a crazy woman. in the end, she slams the door and runs away, as lee watching her and laughing.lin runs after her, calling out her name,mary! mary!and finally able to stop her from running any further. i know that you are ahumanoidrobot. i just want to tell you the truth. my friend lee has been changing you statistics. and that is why you are acting all strange inside. if you are willing, let‘s go back inside, and i will give you justice.""i know.mary wiped away her tears and sweats."what?lin seems confused."it is just the way it is. it is our business. we act like being controlled, because that is what you human beings are obsessed with, isn‘t it?"shesays it so easily, and starts to adjust her collars and dress."no, i assure you not. no one is like lee, he is crazy, and i assure you no one is as crazy as him!lin tries to explain."thank you. i know you are not like him. you are one of the good ones. but, brother, i have made a lot of money doing this; so, stay out of my business, will you?"lin watches mary walk away with all her poise. and he is just not able to explain anything anymore.。
2018年全国初中生英语竞赛真题
2018年全国初中生英语竞赛真题Passage OneDear students,Welcome to the 2018 National Junior English Competition! We are delighted to have you all participating this year. The competition aims to enhance your English language skills and promote cultural exchange among students from all around the country. We hope you will enjoy this experience and make the most out of it.To better understand the format and requirements of the competition,let's take a look at the previous year's question paper.[Insert passage one of the 2017 National Junior English Competition]Note: This passage is an example and is not the actual passage from the 2018 competition.Passage TwoOnce you have familiarized yourself with the previous year's question paper, let's move on to the 2018 National Junior English Competition. This year's competition will consist of four sections: Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking.Section One: ListeningIn this section, you will listen to a series of recordings and answer multiple-choice questions based on what you hear. The recordings will covera range of topics, including conversations, news reports, and lectures. Pay close attention to the details and take notes if necessary.Section Two: ReadingIn this section, you will read a series of passages and answer multiple-choice questions based on the information provided. The passages may include newspaper articles, advertisements, or fictional stories. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer based on the given options.Section Three: WritingIn this section, you will be given a topic and asked to write an essay or a letter based on the given prompt. Your writing should showcase your language proficiency and ability to express your thoughts effectively. Pay attention to grammar, vocabulary, and overall coherence of your writing.Section Four: SpeakingIn this section, you will have the opportunity to showcase your oral communication skills. You will be given a topic or a situation, and you will need to respond within a given time frame. Speak clearly and confidently, and try to use a wide range of vocabulary and expressions.We encourage all participants to start preparing early and practice regularly. Utilize various study materials, such as textbooks, online resources, and language learning apps. Also, try to engage in English conversations with your teachers and classmates to improve your speaking skills.Finally, we wish you all the best in the 2018 National Junior English Competition. Remember to stay calm, manage your time wisely, and give your best effort. Good luck!Sincerely,The Organizing Committee of the 2018 National Junior English Competition。
全国2018英语作文真题
全国2018英语作文真题Title: A Journey to Remember。
In 2018, the National English Writing Competition presented an opportunity for participants to showcase their language proficiency and creativity. Among the array of topics provided, one stood out: "A Journey to Remember." This theme encapsulated the essence of exploration, reflection, and personal growth. Embarking on this writing journey, I delved into my memories to craft a narrativethat resonated with the theme.As I reminisce about past journeys, one particularly memorable adventure comes to mind – a solo trek through the rugged terrains of the Himalayas. The journey commenced with meticulous planning, from mapping out the route to packing essentials for survival. Each item carefully chosen became a companion on this solitary expedition.The Himalayas, with their majestic peaks and serenevalleys, provided the backdrop for my transformative journey. Every step taken was a testament to resilience and determination. Amidst the solitude, I found solace in the harmony of nature, as the rustling leaves and babbling brooks whispered tales of perseverance.One of the most profound aspects of this journey was the encounters with the locals. Their simple way of life and unwavering hospitality left an indelible mark on my heart. Despite our differences in language and culture, we connected through genuine smiles and shared experiences. These interactions enriched my understanding of human connection and the universality of kindness.As the days turned into weeks, challenges emerged –from navigating treacherous paths to battling the elements. Yet, with each obstacle overcome, I emerged stronger and more resilient. The journey tested not only my physical endurance but also my mental fortitude, reinforcing the belief that true growth stems from adversity.At night, beneath a blanket of stars, I contemplatedlife's mysteries and my place in the vast cosmos. The silence of the mountains echoed with introspection, prompting me to confront my fears and aspirations. In that solitude, I found clarity – a clarity that illuminated the path to self-discovery.The journey culminated atop a pristine peak, where I stood in awe of nature's grandeur. The panoramic vista stretched before me, a testament to the beauty of the world we inhabit. In that moment of transcendence, I realizedthat the true essence of a journey lies not in reaching the destination but in embracing the experiences along the way.As I pen down these reflections, I am reminded of the profound impact that this journey has had on my life. It was more than just a physical expedition; it was a voyage of the soul – a journey to remember.In conclusion, the National English Writing Competition prompted me to revisit a transformative journey through the Himalayas. This narrative encapsulates the essence of exploration, resilience, and self-discovery. Through vividimagery and introspective reflections, I have endeavored to convey the profound significance of this journey in shaping my perspective on life.With each word penned, I am reminded of the power of storytelling to capture the essence of human experience. As I reflect on this writing journey, I am filled with gratitude for the opportunity to share my narrative with others. May it inspire others to embark on their own journeys of self-discovery and personal growth.。
2018年全国英语竞赛d类真题作文
2018年全国英语竞赛d类真题作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Unfortunately, I do not have access to specific 2018 National English Competition (Category D) essay prompts. However, I can provide a sample essay based on a typical English competition prompt. Here is an example:Title: The Impact of Technology on EducationIn the modern world, technology has become an essential part of our everyday lives, impacting various aspects of society, including education. The integration of technology in education has revolutionized the way students learn and teachers teach. In this essay, we will explore the positive and negative impacts of technology on education.One of the main benefits of technology in education is its ability to enhance the learning experience. With the aid of computers, tablets, and the internet, students have access to a vast amount of information at their fingertips. This allows them to research and explore a wide range of topics, expanding their knowledge beyond what is taught in the classroom. Additionally,technologies such as online learning platforms and educational apps provide a more interactive and engaging learning experience for students.Furthermore, technology has made education more accessible to students from all walks of life. Online courses and virtual classrooms have enabled students to learn from anywhere in the world, breaking down geographical barriers. This has created opportunities for students in remote areas or those with physical disabilities to receive an education that would have otherwise been inaccessible.However, the integration of technology in education is not without its challenges. One major concern is the digital divide, where students from low-income households or rural areas may not have access to the necessary technology and internet connection required for online learning. This can create inequalities in education and hinder the academic progress of these students.Another issue is the potential for technology to be a distraction in the classroom. With the prevalence of smartphones and social media, students may be tempted to use their devices for non-educational purposes during class, leading to a decline in focus and productivity. Teachers must find ways to effectivelyintegrate technology into their lessons while minimizing distractions.In conclusion, technology has the potential to revolutionize education by providing students with access to a wealth of information and creating new opportunities for learning. However, it is essential that educators address the challenges posed by technology, such as the digital divide and distractions in the classroom, in order to ensure that all students can benefit from the advantages of technology in education. Only by striking a balance between the benefits and challenges of technology can we truly harness its power to improve the quality of education for all students.篇22018 National English Competition (Class D) Writing TaskQuestion:Write an essay on the following topic: "The Impact of Technology on Communication"In recent years, technology has profoundly changed the way we communicate with each other. From the invention of smartphones to the rise of social media platforms, technology has revolutionized the way we interact and connect with others.In this essay, I will explore the impact of technology on communication and discuss both its positive and negative aspects.One of the biggest advantages of technology in communication is its ability to connect people from all over the world. With just a click of a button, we can now communicate with someone on the other side of the globe in real-time. This has allowed for greater global connectivity and has made the world feel smaller and more interconnected. Additionally, technology has also made communication more convenient and efficient. Emails, text messages, and video calls have made it easier than ever to keep in touch with friends and family, regardless of distance.On the other hand, the rise of technology has also brought about certain challenges in communication. One major issue is the potential loss of face-to-face interaction. With the prevalence of social media and messaging apps, many people now prefer to communicate through screens rather than in person. This can lead to a decrease in meaningful connections and a lack of genuine human interaction. Furthermore, the constant barrage of digital communication can be overwhelming and can lead to feelings of isolation and disconnection.In conclusion, while technology has greatly improved the way we communicate, it is important to recognize both its benefits and drawbacks. It is crucial that we find a balance between utilizing technology to enhance our connections with others while also prioritizing face-to-face communication and genuine human connection. By doing so, we can ensure that technology continues to enrich our lives without overshadowing the importance of meaningful interactions.Overall, the impact of technology on communication is undeniable and it is up to us to navigate this new digital landscape in a way that benefits us both personally and socially.篇32018 National English Competition Class D Writing TestThe 2018 National English Competition Class D Writing Test was held on June 15th, 2018, with thousands of students from all over the country participating in the competition. The test consisted of a writing task where students were asked to write an essay on a given topic within a specified time frame.The topic for the writing task was "The Impact of Social Media on Communication". Students were required to discuss how social media has changed the way we communicate witheach other, both positively and negatively. They were also asked to provide examples to support their arguments and to suggest ways in which we can make better use of social media to improve communication.Many students found the topic to be quite challenging, as it required them to think critically about the effects of social media on our communication habits. Some students argued that social media has made it easier for people to stay connected with friends and family, while others pointed out that it has also led to a decrease in face-to-face communication.Overall, the 2018 National English Competition Class D Writing Test was a great opportunity for students to showcase their writing skills and critical thinking abilities. The competition not only challenged students to think deeply about important issues but also encouraged them to communicate their ideas effectively in writing.In conclusion, the 2018 National English Competition Class D Writing Test was a valuable experience for all the students who participated, helping them to improve their English language skills and develop their ability to express themselves clearly and persuasively.。
2018年大学生英语竞赛d类作文
2018年大学生英语竞赛d类作文The 2018 University Student English Competition D-Class Essay was a unique opportunity for students across the country to showcase their English language proficiency and writing skills. As a participant in this prestigious event I was both excited and nervous to take on the challenge. The prompt for the essay required us to discuss the role of English language education in preparing university students for the global job market.In my opinion English language skills are absolutely essential for university students who hope to be competitive in the international job market. In today's increasingly globalized world effective communication in English is a prerequisite for success in a wide range of careers. Whether it is conducting business negotiations multinational corporations managing international projects or collaborating with colleagues from around the world the ability to speak read and write English fluently is a major advantage.Beyond the purely practical applications of English proficiency I believe that learning the language also provides university studentswith valuable cultural awareness and cross-cultural communication skills. As the world's lingua franca English serves as a bridge between people of diverse backgrounds allowing for the exchange of ideas and the exploration of different perspectives. Mastering English empowers students to engage with the global community in a meaningful way and develop a more nuanced understanding of the world around them.Furthermore the process of learning English can instill important soft skills that are highly valued by employers. The discipline and persistence required to become proficient in a second language can translate to strong work ethic problem-solving abilities and adaptability – all qualities that are crucial for thriving in a fast-paced and constantly evolving job market. Additionally the confidence and communication skills gained through English language training can make university students more poised and effective in professional settings.Of course the benefits of English language education extend beyond just the individual student. When a large proportion of a country's university graduates possess strong English skills it can have a significant positive impact on the national economy. Multinational corporations are more likely to establish operations in countries with an ample supply of English-speaking talent enabling greater foreign direct investment and economic growth. Moreover English-proficientcitizens can facilitate cultural exchange and international cooperation which are vital for a nation's geopolitical influence and soft power.In light of these compelling advantages it is clear that English language education should be a top priority for universities and policymakers alike. Integrating English proficiency as a core component of the curriculum providing robust language training resources and encouraging study abroad opportunities are all effective ways to equip students for success in the global job market. By making English a central focus universities can empower the next generation of leaders innovators and global citizens.Admittedly there are also some potential drawbacks and challenges associated with emphasizing English language education. There is a risk of undermining the status and use of local languages and cultural traditions. Overreliance on English could also exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities if access to quality English instruction is not distributed equitably. Additionally the high costs and logistical complexities of implementing large-scale English language programs can be prohibitive for some educational institutions especially in developing countries.However I would argue that with the right policies and approaches these potential downsides can be effectively mitigated. Bilingual or multilingual education models that balance English with locallanguages can help preserve cultural heritage while still providing students with essential global communication skills. Targeted scholarships and teacher training initiatives can also expand accessto English education and ensure that it benefits students from all socioeconomic backgrounds. And by adopting innovative technology-enabled learning solutions universities can deliver high-quality English instruction in a cost-effective manner.Ultimately I believe the benefits of equipping university students with strong English language capabilities far outweigh the challenges. In our interconnected world the ability to communicate fluently in English is no longer a luxury but a necessity. By making English a central part of the university experience we can empower the next generation to thrive in the global marketplace and make meaningful contributions to the world stage. The 2018 University Student English Competition D-Class Essay was an invaluable opportunity to reflect on this crucial issue and I am grateful to have had the chance to participate.。
2018外研社写作大赛初赛题目
主题：我的语文老师1. 介绍语文老师的基本情况1.1 尊称、芳龄、教龄1.2 教育背景和专业特长1.3 教学风格和教学目标2. 老师的教学方法和风格2.1 课堂教学内容和布置的作业2.2 课堂氛围和师生互动2.3 老师的激励和引导方式3. 对老师的评价3.1 老师的教学有何特点和亮点3.2 学生对老师的习惯和态度3.3 学生的学习情况和成绩4. 我对语文老师的感激和祝愿4.1 我在语文学习中的进步和收获 4.2 对老师的感谢和祝福4.3 我对自己语文学习的规划和目标我的语文老师在我读书的这个阶段，老师对我们的影响至关重要。
而我的语文老师更是给我留下了深刻印象，他就是张老师。
1. 介绍语文老师的基本情况1.1 张老师已经在这所学校教书20年了，经验丰富。
1.2 张老师是语文专业毕业的，对传统文学和现代文学都很熟悉。
1.3 张老师的教学风格是严谨而不失幽默，重视学生的基础扎实，注重培养学生的文学素养和语言表达能力。
2. 老师的教学方法和风格2.1 张老师上课很有条理，每节课的内容都有明确的目标，布置的作业也很有针对性。
2.2 课堂氛围轻松而又严肃，学生们很愿意参与讨论，老师也总是耐心地倾听并指导。
2.3 张老师鼓励学生大胆表达思想，善于引导我们去发现文学作品中的内涵和艺术魅力。
3. 对老师的评价3.1 张老师的课堂教学生动、有趣，总能用生动的语言吸引我们的注意力，给我们留下深刻的印象。
3.2 学生们都很喜欢张老师，他总是能够用适当的方式去引导我们，让我们感受到中华优秀文化的魅力。
3.3 在张老师的教导下，我们的语文成绩有了很大的提高，班级的整体素质也得到了明显的提升。
4. 我对语文老师的感激和祝愿4.1 在张老师的教导下，我的语文成绩稳步提高，对文学作品有了更深入的理解，也更加热爱阅读。
4.2 我对张老师的感谢无以言表，但我希望他能继续保持教学的热情和创新精神，让更多的学生受益。
4.3 我希望自己能够在接下来的学习中不断努力，不辜负张老师的期望，争取在语文学习上取得更大的进步。
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2018“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛样题
比赛考查题型说明：
1. 初赛和复赛：比赛题型为议论文写作1篇（500词左右）、说明文/应用文写作1篇（300-500词），
写作时间共120分钟，满分100分。
2. 决赛：比赛题型为议论文写作1篇（800词左右）、记叙文写作1篇（600-800词），写作时间
共180分钟，满分100分。
注：本样题中，说明文和应用文以初/复赛赛题为例，议论文和记叙文以决赛赛题为例。
样题仅供了解题型，不提供参考答案。
类型1 说明文写作（Expository Writing）
比赛内容：选手完成一篇说明文写作（300-500词）。
侧重考查选手解说事物、阐明事理的能力，以及运用知识、观察理解、梳理分析、提炼总结、跨文化沟通的综合能力。
评分标准（总分50分）：
Sample task 1
Write a passage based on the chart below. The chart shows the hourly AQI (Air Quality Index) in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou on the same day. In your writing, you should summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. You should write at least 300 words but no more than 500 words. (Suggested completion time: 60 minutes)
Note: AQI 0-50 Good
51-100 Moderate
101-150 Lightly polluted
151-200 Moderately
polluted
201-300 Heavily polluted
>300 Severely polluted
类型2 应用文写作（Practical Writing）
比赛内容：选手完成一篇应用文写作（300-500词）。
侧重考查选手使用得体的格式、内容和语言实现有效沟通、达到交际目的的能力。
比赛内容：选手完成一篇议论文写作（800词左右）。
侧重考查选手的文献阅读理解、信息综合处理、判断分析、逻辑思辨、评价论述等能力，展示选手的知识广度、视野维度、思想深度等综合素质。
评分标准（总分50分）：
startup also requires the managerial experience and social connections which can only be gained through years of work in a mature enterprise.
类型4 记叙文写作（Narrative Writing）
比赛内容：选手完成一篇记叙文写作（600-800词）。
侧重考查选手的阅读理解、语言运用、细节描写、形象思维、创意构思、人文素养等综合能力。
评分标准（总分50分）：
And if that weren't enough to ruin my day, a young boy out of breath approached me, all
tired from play. He stood right before me with his head tilted down and said wit h great excitement, "Look what I found!" In his hand was a flower, and what a pitiful sight, with its petals all worn—not enough rain or light. Wanting him to take his dead flower and go off to play, I faked a small smile and then shifted away. But instead of retreating he sat next to my side and placed the flower to his nose and declared with overacted surprise, "It sure smells pretty and it's beautiful, too. That's why I picked it; here, it's for you."
The flower before me was dying or dead. Not vibrant of colors: orange, yellow or red. But I knew I must take it, or he might never leave. So I reached for the flower, and replied, "Just what I need." But instead of him placing the flower in my hand, he held it mid-air without reason or plan. It was then that I noticed for the very first time that weed-toting boy could not see: he was blind.。