系动词

系动词小结
系动词亦称联系动词（Link V erb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

表语通常由名词、形容词，或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，说明主语是什么或怎么样。

1. 状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher.他是一名教师。

2. 持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有continue, keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 如：The weather continues cold. 天气还是冷。

He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。

The population growth in China remains a problem.
The meat will stay fresh in the fridge for several days.
The book lay open on the desk.
I lay awake all night thinking of them. 我心里想着他们,彻夜未眠。

Stand still while I take your photograph. 我给你拍照时, 站著不要动.
remain归纳：
①. His brother has become an engineer while he remains a worker.
②. The weather still remained cold in April.
③. When I returned, she remained sitting there.
④. He left and much work remained undone.
⑤. His family remained at home while he looked for work in London.
⑥. It is a good plan in theory, but it remains to be seen whether it works in practice.
3. 表像系动词：用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired./ He appeared tired and sleepy. / He seems very sad.
4. 感官系动词：感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。

后面接形容词作表语，不跟副词，说明主语所处的状态。

除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。

这类动词没有进行时，也没有被动语态。

This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。

The music sounds sweet. 这首诗听起来真悦耳。

The apples taste very good. 这些苹果很好吃。

She looks much younger in her red dress.
Y ou will feel better after a night’s sleep. 睡上一晚，你会觉得好些。

分析下列句子：
He looked sad at the news. He looked sadly at the boy.
He looks a clever boy .（“看起来”，系动词用法）
His hands feel coldly. ×His hands feel cold. √
His hair changed grey. ×His hair turned grey. √
5. 变化系动词
变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如：He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。

If you eat such food, you’ll get [become] fat. 如果你吃那样的食物，你会发胖的。

Divorce is becoming [getting] more and more common. 离婚现象越来越常见了。

The students ran wild when the teacher left the classroom. 老师一离开教室,学生就无人管束。

1). become 和get 还可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。

如：
It’s becoming [getting] cold (dark, cloudy). 天渐冷了(黑了，多云了)。

2). get changed 换衣服
Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to get changed before the par ty.
3). become后面接单数名词时，名词前要用不定冠词，turn不用不定冠词。

He has become an excellent actor. = He has turned excellent actor.
4). go 和come 的用法
两者均可表示变化，但前者主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化(可用于人或事物)，后者则主要指向好的方面变化。

如：go bald / deaf/ mad, etc 发秃，变聋，发疯/go hungry 挨饿等。

The meat’s gone bad. 肉变坏了。

The radio’s gone wrong. 收音机出毛病了。

Her wish came true. 她的愿望实现了。

Everything came right. 一切顺利。

另外，go还可用于人或事物颜色的变色，与turn用法相同。

如：
She went [turned] blue with cold. 她冻得脸色发青了。

The rotten meat went [turned] green. 这块腐烂的肉变绿了。

说明：①. go 一般不与old, tired, ill 等连用，遇此情况要用其他连系动词。

如：grow [get] old 变老fall [become] ill 生病fall [become] sick 生病get [feel] tired 疲劳
②. come 除表示向好的方面变化外，还有以下常见搭配值得注意。

如：come untied 解开come loose 变松come undone 松开
5). grow 的用法
grow 主要表示逐渐变化，强调变化的过程。

如：
It began to grow dark. 天色渐渐黑了。

Bob is growing old. 鲍勃渐渐变老了。

The sea is growing calm. 大海变得平静起来。

The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日趋严峻。

6. 终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：
The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。

As time went on, his theory proved (to be) true.
His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。

（turn out表终止性结果）
To everybody’s great surprise, the fashionable young lady turned out to be a thief.
注意：
1. 要注意系动词的固定搭配。

常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin等。

2. 连系动词后也可接副词作表语，不过这主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside 等少数副词以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词：
Mother wasn’t in last night. 母亲昨晚不在家。

The meeting was over at five. 会议五点结束。

Come along. The taxi is outside. 来吧，出租车在外面。

Mother is downstairs waiting for you. 母亲在楼下等你。

3. 有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：
He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。

（fell是系动词，后跟表语，说明主语情况。

）
He fell off the ladder.他从梯子上摔下来。

fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。

The dog looked dying. The boy looked sadly at the poor dog.
Although all of the apples have been tasted, none of them taste good.
4. 关于系动词后接不定式
(1) 连系动词be后根据情况可接不定式作表语：
My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。

My plan was to go from London to Paris. 我计划从伦敦去巴黎。

I was to have seen Mr Kay. 我本要去见凯先生的。

(2) seem, appear, prove, continue, turn out, get, grow, come 等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表语：
She always seems to be sad. 她常常显得很忧伤。

My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证明是错的。

The weather turned out to be fine. 天气结果很好。

Circumstances continue to be favorable. 情况仍然是有利的。

He has grown to like studying English. 他渐渐喜欢学英语了。

She appears to have many friends. 他好像有很多朋友。

(3) sound, smell, feel, taste, become等连系动词后通常不能接不定式：
误：These oranges taste to be good. (应去掉to be)
误：The roses smell to be nice. (应去掉to be)
(4) 有的连系动词后接的从句可用不定式来改写：
It seems that she’s right. = She seems to be right. 她似乎是对的。

It appears that you have made a mistake. = Y ou appear to have made a mistake. 似乎你弄错了。