考研_英语词汇词根词缀大全完全版

考研英语英语词汇词根词缀大全

Ⅰ.常见的后缀

1. 常见的名词后缀

(1)表示“人和物”

-an American historian

-ian Italian Canadian politician

-ant assistant accountant participant

-ent student president resident

-ee employee trainee attendee

-er writer speaker waiter

-or actor conductor sailor

-ess waitress hostess actress

-ist socialist novelist scientist

(2)表示“性质、状态、动作、行为”的抽象名词

-ability suitability probability

-ibility possibility responsibility

-age marriage shortage carriage

-al arrival refusal revival survival

-ance acceptance importance distance ignorance

-ence dependence existence difference conference

-dom freedom wisdom seldom

-ery slavery bravery discovery robbery

-hood childhood adulthood neighborhood

-ion election construction conduction

-ition composition competition

-ation modernization civilization alteration

-ism pessimism optimism socialism

-ment movement government encouragement

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-ness kindness carelessness

-ship friendship leadership relationship

-ure exposure failure measure leisure

2. 常见的动词后缀

表示“使(成为)”“使……化”

-ate circulate decorate regulate alternate

-en strengthen weaken broaden widen lighten

-ify classify simplify specify qualify certify

-ize realize organize criticize recognize

-ish Astonish cherish establish finish punish polish vanish accomplish abolish 3. 常见的形容词后缀

(1)表示“具有……性质的”

-al national cultural natural

-an American republican

-ian Italian Canadian Christian

-ant pleasant resistant distant constant

-ent different confident excellent

-ary necessary imaginary customary

-ory compulsory contradictory

-ate considerate fortunate

-ese Chinese Taiwanese Cantonese

-ic heroic poetic economic

-some troublesome handsome quarrelsome

(2)表示“充满或缺乏”

-free duty-free carefree worry-free

-ful hopeful useful wonderful helpful

-less hopeless useless needless

-(i)ous dangerous various anxious serious

-y rainy dirty hairy

(3)表示“类似”

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-ish childish stylish greenish

-like childlike businesslike

-ly brotherly friendly deadly

(4)表示“主、被动”意义

-able comfortable capable portable disable

-ible responsible sensible visible

-ive negative positive passive decisive

(5)表示“方向”

-ward downward backward forward westward upward 4. 常见的副词后缀

-ly successfully strongly quickly angrily slowly

-ward(s) downwards eastwards

-wise clockwise likewise otherwise

Ⅱ.常见的前缀

1. 表示“否定或逆转”

de- defeat defend define deform

dis- disappear disagree disorder disgust

in- incorrect inactive incapable inaccurate

il- illegal illogical illiberal

im- impossible immature imperfect impatient

ir- irregular irrelevant irresponsible

mis- misuse mislead misunderstanding

non- non-stop nonsense non-violence

un- unhappy unlucky unpleasant

2. 表示“时间顺序”

ex- ex-president ex-wife ex-husband

fore- foretell forehead foresee forecast

mid- middle midfield midnight midterm

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post- post-war postgraduate postpone

pre- prepare prepay premature predict

re- recall repair rebuild rewrite

3. 表示“方向或位置”

ex- export exclude expel exert