英美概况期末考试复习资料
英美概况考试重点复习材料(英国部分)
英美概况考试重点复习材料〔英国部分〕Chapter 1第一章Land and People 英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称与其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠与北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛〔较大的一个〕和爱尔兰岛，与成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
英美概况知识点总结题库
英美概况知识点总结题库一、英美概况基本概念英美概况是指英国和美国两个国家的基本情况和特点，包括地理、历史、政治、经济、文化、社会等方面的情况。
英美两国是世界上最有影响力的国家之一，其发展历史和国情具有重要的影响力。
因此，了解英美概况对于理解世界格局和国际关系有着重要的意义。
二、英美概况的地理特点1. 英国地理特点（1）英国位于欧洲西北部，包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个主要地区。
英国总面积244,820平方公里，是欧洲第三大岛国。
（2）英国地势大致呈现出中高原低洼的地形特点，山地和丘陵地区占据了半岛的西南部和中部，而低洼平原主要分布在东南和中南部地区。
2. 美国地理特点（1）美国位于北美洲中部，是世界第四大国家，总面积达到9,638,131平方公里。
（2）美国地形多样，山脉主要集中在西部，大平原和丘陵地区主要分布在中西部，而东部则是低洼平原地区。
美国有众多河流，包括密西西比河、科罗拉多河、哥伦比亚河等。
三、英美概况的历史沿革1. 英国历史沿革（1）英国有着悠久的历史文化，公元前55年，罗马帝国入侵了不列颠岛，成为不列颠的一部分。
5世纪，盎格鲁-撒克逊人从德国北部迁入英格兰，并在836年建立了第一个统一的英国王国。
（2）1066年，诺曼征服导致了英国的政治和社会结构发生了较大变化，12世纪中叶英国建立了自己的君主立宪制度。
16世纪的宗教改革导致了英国国教的建立，17世纪的克伦威尔革命结束了君主专制，成立了军政府。
18世纪末，英国工业革命开启了现代化的起点。
（3）19世纪，英国成为世界上最强大的殖民地帝国，印度和非洲大部分地区被英国殖民。
20世纪，英国在两次世界大战中扮演了关键角色，但在战后开始了殖民帝国的解体和国际地位的下降。
2. 美国历史沿革（1）美国历史的起源可以追溯到公元前1492年，哥伦布发现了北美大陆。
17世纪早期，英国殖民者开始在北美建立殖民地。
（2）18世纪末，美国爆发了独立战争，美国终于于1776年宣布独立，建立了独立的民主共和国。
英美概况复习资料
一，英美概况英国综述1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet12. The Hundred Years’ war stated in ____ and wa s ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VIIBADD CACBD BACD BADA二，英美概况英国地理部分1. The total area of the U.K. is _____.A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____.A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16th6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.A. 1707B. 1921C. 18018. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____.A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC. England12. London is situated on the River of _____.A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. Northern Ireland24. The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except _____.A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes27. The capital city of Northern Ireland is _____.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith28. Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about _____ B.C.A. 410B. 750C. 30031. The proportion of the English in the whole population is _____.A. 60%B. 80%C. 70%33. The contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except _____.A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialect34. About _____ percent of the population live in cities or towns.A. 80B. 85C. 9038. The modern Scots and Irish are the descendants of _____.A. GaelsB. BritonsC. Anglo-Saxons39. Scotland occupies the _____ portion of Great Britain.A. southernB. northernC. western41. _____ has its own national church and its own system of law.A. WalesB. Northern IrelandC. Scotland43. _____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation.A. ScotlandB. Northern IrelandC. WalesD. EnglandDCBA CA BB A C BB BDA AB CD三，英美概况英国历史部分1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three times2. King Arthur was the king of _____.A. PictsB. CeltsC. ScotsD. Jutes3. The first “King of the English” was _____.A. AlfredB. EgbertC. BedeD. Ethelred4. Christianity was introduced into England in the late _____ century.A. 14thB. 8thC. 6th6. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _____ and the Jutes which invaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A. SaxonsB. ScotsC. WelshD. Wessex9. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from _____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B11. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103512. In history _____ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.A. JohnB. Henry IC. Henry II18. The Great Charter contained _____ sets of provisions.A. twoB. fourC. three21. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a _____.A. coup d’et atB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising22. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval23. The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 178424. The Battle of Hastings took place in _____.A. 1606B. 1042C. 106625. The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31. In the first half of 17th century _____ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism34. In the 14th century took place the _____, the severest of many plagues in the middle ages.A. EarthquakeB. Black DeathC. Drought36. By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet38. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow40. William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet41. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster44. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____”, according to which Henry VIII was declared the head of the English Church.A. the Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Act of Settlement45. Under Elizabeth I _____ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of the church.A. the Roman ChurchB. the Catholic ChurchC. the Anglican Church46. In 1337 the hostility betwee n England and _____ resulted in the Hundred Years’ War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia47. The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _____.A. CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIII48. England first became a sea power in the time of _____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria49. The Industrial Revolution first started in _____.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industry55. _____ contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.A. George StephensonB. Samuel CromptonC. James Hargreaves60. The Great Charter was essentially a _____.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal document61. _____ broke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.A. The Bore WarB. The Wars of the RosesC. Queen Annes’ War65. By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of Montgomery72. During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascist countries formed a united international alliance which was called _____.A. Locarno TreatyB. Grand AllianceC. Statute of Westminster74. When Germany invaded _____ which was neutral, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August, 1914.A. AustriaB. RussiaC. BelgiumD. PolandBBBC AD BA C AAACC B BB ABB ABC ABBB A C BB BC四，英美概况英国教育部分1. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of _____ to _____.A. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 183. Public schools belong to the category of the _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. local4. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination would go to _____ school.A. grammarB. technicalC. secondary modern5. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____.A. 1167, 1284B. 1234, 1325C. 1335, 14276. There are over _____ universities in Britain.A. thirtyB. fortyC. fifty7. The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the _____.A. records of attendanceB. governing councilC. tutorial system8. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four _____ universities.A. oldB. newC. Scottish9. The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channels and by radio.A. openB. newC. middle aged10. Buckingham University is and _____ university which was established in 1973.A. independentB. openC. old11. The second centre of the British press is in _____.A. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester12. In Britain great majority of children attend _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. religious13. In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught14. The oldest university in Britain is _____.A. CambridgeB. EdinburghC. OxfordABAA BCDAA CABC五，英美概况英国社会生活部分1. Most British couples go to _____ to have their wedding ceremony.A. churchB. concertC. registry office2. House prices are _____ in Britain.A. lowB. affordableC. high3. British food is _____.A. unlimitedB. abundantC. limitedD. changeable4. Newly wedded couples are _____ to have a baby.A. eagerB. unwillingC. not eager5. The British people usually have a small quantity of _____ as a first course.A. soupB. sweetC. vegetable6. The best-known quality of the British people is their _____.A. conservativenessB. exclusivenessC. phlegm7. The English sense of humour is _____.A. self-madeB. self-deprecatingC. self-respect8. English people do not laugh at the following except _____.A. a misfortuneB. a failureC. a crippleD. own faults9. The right to privacy and personal freedom is _____ by the British.A. disturbedB. unquestionedC. not allowedD. questionable10. Three “Don’ts” include the following except _____.A. jumping up the queueB. asking a woman her ageC. bargaining while s hoppingD. laughing at one’s own faults11. What the Englishmen usually talk about in their daily life is _____.A. priceB. taxC. weatherD. sports12. Three “ings” include the following except _____.A. bettingB. drinkingC. tippingD. bargaining13. The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainly on _____.A. horse racingB. BingoC. football poolsD. dog racing14. The three royal traditions are the following except _____.A. playing the fluteB. th e changing of the Queen’s guardC. making a parliamentary speech by QueenD. watching the horse racing15. Playing the flute is a tradition inherited from _____.A. Queen VictoriaB. Queen ElizabethC. Mary I16. John Bull denoted a frank, uneasy, funny _____ called John Bull in the 17th century.A. ladyB. boyC. gentlemanD. young man17. During the summer industrial workers in Britain have at least _____ weeks of paid holiday.A. fourB. fiveC. three18. State schools usually have _____ weeks of summer holidays.A. sixB. sevenC. five19. St. Patrick’s Day and Orangeman’s Day are the holidays only spent in _____.A. EnglandB. WalesC. ScotlandD. N. I.20. _____ is basically a home and family festival.A. ChristmasB. Boxing DayC. Easter Monday21. The purely personal festival in Britain is _____.A. Mothers’ DayB. Fathers’ DayC. birthday22. Boxing Day is on _____.A. the first weekday after ChristmasB. the following day of ChristmasC. the last Sunday of December23. The festival which celebrates a historical event is _____.A. Good FridayB. Remembrance DayC. Guy Fawkes Day24. New Year’s Day is more important than Christmas to the _____.A. IrishB. EnglishC. ScotsD. welsh25. _____ commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, and Easter Sunday the resurrection.A. Easter MondayB. Good FridayC. Christmas26. The birthday of the _____ is a National Day in Britain.A. head of the House of CommonsB. British MonarchC. Prime Minister27. The Christmas pudding is dark brown, rich and fruity, sometimes with a few _____ coins hidden in it.A. goldB. silverC. copper28. Armistice Day is on _____ when the British remember the millions of people who died in the two world wars.A. November 11thB. April 21stC. December 31st29. Wages mean a payment usually of money for labour or services according to contract and on the following basis except _____.A. hourlyB. dailyC. monthlyD. piecework30. The British people traditionally like to live in _____.A. high buildingsB. small housesC. big houses31. At the age of _____, most men retire from their employment.A. sixtyB. sixty-fiveC. fifty-five32. Buddhism was founded in the _____ century B.C. by Sakyamuni.A. 6thB. 7thC. 8th33. Islam was founded in the _____ century by Mohammed.A. 7thB. 8thC. 9th34. Christianity came into being in the _____ century.A. firstB. secondC. third35. Christianity consists of the following except _____.A. CatholicismB. Jewish ChurchC. ProtestantismD. Orthodox Eastern Church36. One of the Free Churches _____ is also called the Society of Friends.A. the BaptistB. QuakersC. the Methodist37. The Church of England is also called _____.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the CongregationalC. the Salvation ArmyD. Puritanism38. The Church of England came into being during the _____.A. Glorious RevolutionB. Industrial RevolutionC. European ReformationACCCA BBDBD CDADA CAADA CACCB BBACB BAAAB BAC六，英美概况英国政治体制部分1. The British Monarchy is _____.A. electiveB. democraticC. hereditary2. The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the _____ century.A. 17thB. 16thC. 15th3. The _____ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. Parliament4. The oldest part of British Parliament is _____.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the CharmerD. the Shadow Cabinet5. The decision making organ in British Parliament is _____.A. the CrownB. the CabinetC. Shadow Cabinet6. The life of Parliament is fixed at _____ years.A. fourB. sixC. five7. The House of Commons consists of _____ members who are elected from the _____ electoral districts.A. 651, 651B. 535, 535C. 635, 6358. The titles of the lords, such as Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount and Baron, are _____.A. hereditaryB. appointedC. elected9. The quorum in the House of Commons is _____ members.A. thirtyB. fortyC. forty-five10.The _____ _____ is the supreme administrative institution.A. British governmentB. British ParliamentC. OppositionD. Privy Council11. The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. Crown14. The number of the cabinet members varies, being generally about _____.A. 40B. 20C. 3015. The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is _____.A. Lord ChancellorB. SpeakerC. Prime minister17. It is the _____ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. Speaker18. The Shadow Cabinet is organized by the _____.A. GovernmentB. OppositionC. Privy Council19. London, because of its special location, is divided into _____ boroughs and the city of London.A. 20B. 12C. 3221. The following persons except _____ have no right to vote.A. certified lunaticsB. criminalsC. government employeesD. peers who have seats in the Lords22. In England and Wales, the jury consists of _____ people in criminal and civil cases.A. fifteenB. twelveC. seven23. Legally any citizen aged from _____ to _____ who has never been sent to prison can be a member of the jury.A. 16, 60B. 18, 65C. 18, 6024. The head of the police force of a county, etc. is called _____.A. Chief ConstableB. ChairmanC. Mayor25. A _____ appointed to act for the State is called Queen’s Counsel.A. barristerB. solicitorC. lawyer26. Now the House of Lords can prevent a bill from passing into a law for _____.A. one yearB. two yearsC. six years27. The High Court of Justice includes the following divisions except _____.A. the Queen’s Bench DivisionB. the Criminal DivisionC. the Chancellor DivisionD. the Family Division28. During the Civil War, the supporters of the King and the Church were known as _____.A. RoundheadsB. LoyalistsC. the WhigsCABBB CBA ABABA ABC BBBAA ABB七，英美概况美国地理部分3. In the west of the _____ lie the Colorado Plateaus and the Columbia Plateaus.A. Rocky MountainB. Coast RangeC. Cascades Mountains5. The famous Yellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____.A. CaliforniaB. ArizonaC. Wyoming6. The world-known Colorado Valley lies in northern _____, which is cut by the Colorado River.A. ArizonaB. UtahC. Montana7. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. Michigan8. Only the climate in the southern part of _____ is tropical.A. FloridaB. GeorgiaC. Virginia9. Washington, the capital of the US, is on the _____ river.A. PotomacB. DelawareC. St. Laurence11. _____ part is the most densely populated region in America.A. The southernB. The northeasternC. The western12. The Great Salt Lake lies in northern _____.A. IdahoB. ArizonaC. NevadaD. Utah13. _____ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”.A. PhiladelphiaB. PlymouthC. Boston14. About _____ of the world’s annu al agricultural products come from the United States.A. halfB. one thirdC. two thirds15. The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount _____.A. AppalachianB. MekinleyC. Rocky17. The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except _____.A. New YorkB. San FranciscoC. Miami18. The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake _____.A. SuperiorB. OntarioC. Victoria19. The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of _____.A. Erie and MichiganB. Erie and OntarioC. Superior and Haron20. _____ of the America’s territory is covered with forests.A. 1/4B. 1/5C. 1/321. Texas, having belonged to _____, was annexed by the U.S. in 1845.A. FranceB. RussiaC. Mexico22. Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. Pacific23. The American black population consists of _____ of the total population.A. 1/10B. 1/5C. 1/924. _____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A. FloridaB. LouisianaC. Alaska25. The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourth26. About half of the total population is concentrated in the following areas except _____.A. Atlantic CoastB. Pacific CoastC. NorthwestD. around the Great LakesE. Gulf of Mexico27. There are _____ river systems in the U.S.A.A. 8B. 3C. 628. Detroit is famous for the production of _____.A. automobileB. timberC. bamboo30. The city _____ is given the nickname “Space City of U.S.A.”.A. BostonB. HoustonC. San Francisco31. The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto Ricans32. The steel and iron industries are mainly distributed around the city of _____, providing _____ percent of the total output each year.A. Pittsburgh, 60B. Chicago, 50C. New York, 6033. The largest industrial city in America is _____.A. ChicagoB. BostonC. Houston34. Only the climate in the southwestern part of Florida belongs to _____.A. subtropicalB. continentalC. tropical35. ¬_____ is famous for many stores and shops.A. Wall StreetB. BroadwayC. Fifth Avenue36. In _____ people can find the historical spot, the Independence National Historical Park.A. PhiladelphiaB. St. LouisC. San Francisco37. Boston is situated in Boston Bay, _____.A. MaineB. MassachusettsC. Connecticut38. The Columbia River and the Colorado River belong to the system of _____.A. the GulfB. the AtlanticC. the PacificAC ACAA BDAAB CABA CCACC CBAB BAACC ABC八，英美概况美国历史部分1. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A. 1620B. 1607C. 17762. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A. MarylandB. South CarolinaC. DelawareD. Colorado3. _____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.A. John CabotB. MagellanC. BalboaD. Cartier5. The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.A. 1765, 1766B. 1764, 1765C. 1763, 17646. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New York7. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1776, 1784B. 1775, 1783C. 1706, 17148. Washington won the great victory on December 26, 1776 in _____.A. GettysburgB. PittsburghC. Trenton9. The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence.A. New YorkB. SaratogaC. Bunker Hill10. On October 19th, 1781, the British General Cornwallis and his 7,000 men surrendered at _____.A. YorktownB. BostonC. Charleston11. The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 to revise _____.A. The Articles of the ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Civil Rights12. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights13. After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being.A. WashingtonB. New YorkC. Philadelphia15. The Second President John Adams adopted a high-handed policy which was called _____.A. the “Intolerable Acts”B. Un-American ActivitiesC. the Sedition Act16. The greatest contribution made by President Thomas Jefferson was his _____.A. abolishing the Sedition ActB. reducing taxesC. purchasing Louisiana from France17. The Second Anti-English War broke out in _____ and ended in _____. The U.S. won the war.A. 1812, 1814B. 1813, 1815C. 1814, 181618. As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War, nearly _____ of the entire territory of Mexico was lost.A. 1/4B. 1/2C. 1/320. The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the _____ states in _____.A. 50, 1781B. 13, 1781C. 13, 178721. _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington’s administra tion.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Boston28. During the Civil War Lincoln issued the _____, which declared the abolition of slavery.A. Homestead BillB. Emancipation ProclamationC. Both A and B29. The Battle of _____ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A. Bull RunB. GettysburgC. Richmond30. The first imperialist war took place between the U.S. and _____ in 1898.A. BritainB. FranceC. Spain31. The first American President from the Republic Party is _____.A. Abraham LincolnB. Andrew JohnsonC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington36. The Ku Klux Klan was the most notorious terrorist society which persecuted the _____.A. blacksB. IndiansC. progressive people38. In Sino-American relations Theodore Roosevelt exercised the so-called “_____”, invading China by means of both force and culture.A. Open Door PolicyB. Big StickC. Douglas Bill39. The First World War broke out on July 28th, _____ and ended on November 11th, _____, lasting for about four years.A. 1913, 1917B. 1914, 1918C. 1915, 191940. The two military alliances during WWI were the _____ and the _____.A. Axis, AlliesB. Holy Alliance, AxisC. Central Powers, Allies41. The assassination of a(n) _____ prince, Arch Duke Fedinand, served as the direct fuse for the outbreak of WWI.A. AustraliaB. BelgiumC. Austria42. Altogether _____ countries became involved in or were dragged into WWI.A. 33B. 38C. 3943. The frequent emergence of the economic crisis in the U.S.A. led to the following disastrous effects except _____.A. inflationB. the rise of pricesC. the decrease of populationD. the decrease of the purchasing capacity44. In April 1945 a conference was held at _____ to organize the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. New YorkC. Philadelphia45. _____ countries attended the conference of the foundling of the UN.A. 48B. 47C. 4548. The two fighting sides in WWII were _____.A. the Allies and the Axis (powers)B. the Axis and Holy AllianceC. the Central Powers and the Allies49. The _____ was the treaty signed at Versailles, near Paris in France in 1919.A. Paris TreatyB. Versaills TreatyC. Teheran Treaty50. The meeting was held at Yalta in the Crimea of the Soviet Union in Feb, 1945. At the meeting many matters were discussed, including the final defeat of Germany, the demilitarization of Germany, the founding of the U.N. etc., this was the famous _____ Conference.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Potsdam53. The Great Depression of _____ to shook the US and the whole capitalist world to its foundations.A. 1929, 1933B. 1933, 1937C. 1924, 192954. The programme of 1947 that America would offer its money supplies and machinery to any European nation that wished to participate in was called _____.A. Eisenhower DoctrineB. Marshall PlanC. Truman Doctrine55. The _____ broke out in June 1950 and ended in the summer of 1953.A. Vietnam WarB. Cold WarC. Korean War56. In April 1949 twelve nations established the NATO to coordinate the military actions of member nations against the _____.A. GermanyB. JapanC. Soviet Union57. The Second World War broke out in September, _____ and ended in August _____.A. 1939, 1945B. 1937, 1943C. 1938, 194558. After WWII there emerged a new balance of power between _____ and _____.A. the Allies, the Axis PowersB. the USSR, the USAC. the old capitalist countries, the new ones60. The President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a policy called _____ to save the economic situation.A. Good NeighbourB. the Open Door PolicyC. the New Deal61. The Battle of _____ took place in 1942 and it was the turning point of the Pacific area.A. Midway IslandB. BritainC. Normandy62. In Feb. _____ came President Nixon’s historic visit to China.A. 1979B. 1972C. 1973。
英美概况英国期末考试复习资料
英美概况英国期末考试复习资料I国家概述1,The Union Jackred cross: Englandwhite saltire: Scotlandred saltire: Northern Ireland2,This is the Welsh flag (Welsh Dragon). It is not represented in the UK Flag becauseWales was ruled directly from London.(before the 1st version of UK flag, Wales had already been conquered and considered to be part of England) 3,Motto of the UKGod and my right. (English)天有上帝,我有权利。
II climate1,Does Britain have a favorable climate？Why？Because a maritime type of climate—winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot;It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year;It has a small range of temperature & lack of extremes.2,What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain？The surrounding waters balance the seasonal differences;Britain is mainly influenced by the prevailing south-west winds across theAtlantic, which bring warm and wet air in winter and keep the temperature moderate;The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.III History of BritainEarly Settlers (5000BC-55BC)1, How about their civilization? (What did they bring with them?)a) The art of pottery makingb) The ability to fashion (ornament with patterns) bronzetoolsc) The custom of individual buriald) The hill forts (堡垒) and small fortified towns (筑堡城镇).The Maiden Castle is one of the finest examples.2, What was their religion?Druidism（德鲁伊德教），the Druids—the wise men,astrologers, soothsayersIV Transition to Modern Age (1455-1688)1,What happened during the 17th century?During the 17th century Puritanism became a political movement: the parliamentarians who fought Charles I and took power under Cromwell were Puritans, and the struggle between the king and parliament is also known as the Puritan Revolution. 2,What else were the Puritans called?After the Restoration of 1660 the Puritans left the Church, and from then on were known as Dissenters or Nonconformists. 3．The consequences of the Civil Wars(1) the English Civil Wars not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shook the foundation of feudal rule in Europe.(2) It is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.(3) The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution, as the King’s opponents were mainly Puritan.4,How did the “Glorious Revolution”break out?A. James II’s revival of Catholicism in Englanda. When Charles II died, his brother succeeded, becoming James II.b. James, who was brought up in exile in Europe, was aCatholic.c. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious views.B. Intolerance of Catholic and dethrone of the Kinga. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic as king in 1688 than 40 years ago.b. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king.C. Co-monarchsa. William of Orange（奥兰治王室）, James’s Dutch nephew and husband of Mary, James’s daughter, was invited to invade and take the English throne.b. William and Mary were invited for joint rule, and they jointly accepted the Bill of Rights.D. the takeover with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the King, therefore became known as the Glorious Revolution. 5,The Bill of Rights 《权⼒法案》In 1689, William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights to be crowned jointly.(1) The bill excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession(2) confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy(3) and guaranteed free speech within both the two Houses.(4) Thus the age of constitutional monarchy began.V.Judiciary(Headed by Lord Chancellor)VI Economy1,Economic declinetwo World Wars—great economic lossthe era of the British Empire was over—decolonization (losses of raw material & market)military expense (until the process of decolonization completed in the 1960s)2,Current British Economythe world's fifth largest economy(after US, Japan, Germany and China)The UK's people are the world's twelfth richest Sterling—performed relatively well against major currencies in recent years 五，福利六，宗教1，Who is the founder of Christianity?Jesus Christ, who was crucified around A.D. 30 in Jerusalem, is the founder of Christianity.2，Who is Jesus Christ?Jesus Christ is the Son of God. He came to earth to teachabout love and fellowship. He represents the person that all Christians must strive to be.Jesus was a Jew who was born about 2000 years ago in Bethlehem(1.伯利恒(耶路撒泠南⽅六英⾥⼀市镇,耶稣诞⽣地)). Jesus lived for 33 years before being crucified by the Romans. 3,What other names is Jesus known by?Son of GodLight of the WorldLamb of GodThe Good Shepherd.4,What do Christians believe?Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the Son of God and that:God sent his Son to earth to save humanity from the consequences of its sinsJesus was fully human, and experienced this world in the same way as other human beings of his timeJesus was tortured and gave his life on the Cross (At the Crucifixion)Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his Crucifixion (the Resurrection)Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah promised in theOld TestamentChristians believe that there is only one God, but that this one God consists of 3 "persons"七，教育，假期1，Christmas→the biggest and the most popular British holiday celebrated on December 25th.→to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ.→People usually decorate homes with evergreen plants, Christmas trees and ornaments.→They exchange gifts and Christmas cards.⼋，⽣活1，Holidays and Festivals in Britainthe Christmas 'pantomimeBoxing Dayto hear the Queen give her Christmas message九，政治1，What's the role of the Queen or King?The head of everything but ruler of nothing.head of the statean integral part of the legislaturehead of the executivehead of the judiciarythe commander-in-chief of all armed forces of the Crownthe ‘supreme Governor’of the Church of England.2，The importance of the monarchy:Is found in its effect on public attitudeIs used to represent the continuity and adaptability of the whole political systemIs used as a symbol of the unity of the whole country, an acceptable bound among the peoples who retain many regional and cultural differences.People are convinced that the Queen has no bias towards any nation and exists to help preserve the people's rights, the right to personal property and the right not to be imprisoned without a trial.It is primarily to symbolize the tradition and unity of the British state.3 .What's your idea about UK keeping the monarch?A.Theoretically, the King or Queen is the source of all government powers. He/She is the head of the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all armed forces.B,In reality, the King or Queen does everything on the advice of the Prime Minister, and his/her role is symbolic, ceremonial, and not political.C,The monarch is the personal embodiment of the British government and a symbol of British unity, representing the continuity of the whole political system. So the stability of the D,British government owes much to the monarchy.E,The monarch can meet the PM on weekly basis at Buckingham Palace, give the Royal Assent to any new law that has been passed by Parliament, act as a final check on a government that is becoming dictatorial.F，As a figurehead to represent the country, the monarch can perform the following ceremonial duties:paying state visits to Commonwealthcountries as head of state and non-Commonwealth countries on behalf of theBritish government, etc.⼗，议会1，What are the main functions of Parliament?to pass lawsto provide, by voting for taxation, the means of carrying on the work of governmentto scrutinise government policy and administration, including proposals for expenditureto debate the major issues of the day2，the House of Lords: the upper house上议院the Lords Spiritual (the senior bishops of the Church of England 神职议员)the Lords Temporal (members of the Peerage ⾮神职议员)the members are not elected by the population at large but are appointed by past or current governments.3，the House of Commons: the lower house下议院a democratically elected chamber with elections held at least every 5 yearsMPs comes from 646 constituencies of roughly equal population.4,What Goes on in the House of Commons?Many hours are spent debating issues of national and international importance.Most often a motion is proposed by one or two of theGovernment’s front benchers and then the same number of persons from the Opposition front benches oppose it.The Speaker decides who is allowed to speak and he/she must ensure that each side is given equal opportunity and time to speak.After the debate the MPs vote for or against the motion. MPs vote by going into ‘lobbies’, one for ‘yes’and one for ‘no’votes where they are counted.After the votes are counted the results are announced in the chamber.⼗⼀政体1，2，The Political Parties(1) the Conservative party(2) the Labour party(3) the Liberal Democrats3，The Prime Ministeris appointed by the Queen.is the leader of his party in the House of Commonsis the head of governmenthas the right to select his cabinet, hand out departmental positions, decide the agenda for cabinet meetings which he also chairs.can dismiss ministers if this is requiredkeeps the Queen informed of government decisionshe exercises wide powers of appointments in the civil service, church and judiciary .4,What is the Cabinet?The collective decision-making (executive) body, composed of the Prime Minister and the most senior of the government ministersThe most senior members of the Cabinet are:PM, Deputy PM, Foreign Secretary, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary. All Cabinet members are serving MP's or peers.Oppositions have a ‘Shadow Cabinet’.。
英美概况 期末复习提纲 内容全面,尊重原创!!
Norman Conquest
1.The conquest sped up the development of feudalism ofBritain.
2.The other influence can be seen in the language, first the French became the official language and the Middle English began to take shape, the language structure is still English but many French words and terms were adopted into English.
Anglo Saxon est
The roman army leftBritainin 410. When they left there was no strong army to defendBritain, the angles, Saxon and jute invaded. It was an invasion of Danes from northEurope. This new invaders brought along the language which was called the old English, language of angles.
英美概况复习题1答案
英美概况复习题1答案
1. 英国的首都是哪里？
答案：伦敦。
2. 美国的独立日是每年的哪一天？
答案：7月4日。
3. 英国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。
4. 美国的货币单位是什么？
答案：美元。
5. 英国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。
6. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？
答案：第四。
7. 英国的国王或女王的正式称呼是什么？
答案：君主。
8. 美国的宪法有多少条修正案？
答案：27条。
9. 英国最大的城市是哪一个？
答案：伦敦。
答案：玫瑰。
11. 英国的议会由哪两院组成？
答案：上议院和下议院。
12. 美国的总统任期是多久？
答案：四年。
13. 英国的国歌名是什么？
答案：《天佑女王》。
14. 美国的人口在世界上排名第几？答案：第三。
15. 英国的国旗由哪几种颜色组成？答案：蓝色、白色和红色。
16. 美国的首都是哪个城市？
答案：华盛顿特区。
17. 英国的国教是什么？
答案：英国国教。
18. 美国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。
19. 英国的君主制是哪种类型？
答案：立宪君主制。
答案：《星条旗》。
英美概况期末复习资料自我整理版study_guide-cultures_of_english-speaking_countries
Cultures of English-Speaking Countries Study Guide1.Which countries make up the UK? What does “UK” stand for?England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.What kind of government does the UK have? (P39-40)Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. The government is made up of the parliament and the Britain states. The parliament consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The functions of the parliament are: passing laws, providing the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation, scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure as well as debating the major issues of the day. While the official head of state is the Queen, her powers are largely traditional and symbolic. Thegovernment at national and local levels elected by people and governs according to Britishconstitutional principles.3.What is “Ulster”?(P19)Ulster is another name of Northern Ireland. It was an ancient Irish kingdom which once existed in that part of Ireland.4.What caused the conflict in Northern Ireland? (P22)Which groups are involved?(P24)How did it begin and end?(P22,26)1) The Ireland colonial history caused the conflict in Northern Ireland.2) SDLP, IRA, INLA, UUP, DUP, UVF, UDA3) It began at the late 1590s. From the time of Queen Elizabeth I the new settlers,loyal to the British crown and Protestant in religious persuasion, were granted land , position, and privileges which had been systematically taken away from theindigenous, Roman Catholic population.4) It ended with The Good Friday Agreement.5.What are the main political parties in the UK?(P52)There are three major national parties: The Conservative party, the Labor party and the Liberal Democrats.6.What is the racial make-up of the UK?Most of the British people are white ethnic. But around 5% of British citizens are from non-European ethnic groups. These are immigrants from South Asia (including India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) and Caribbean countries such as Jamaica and Trinidad.7.What is the UK’s policy on environmental protection? What measures has ittaken in order to preserve the economy?8.What is the King James Bibl e?(P89)It’s the first English translation of the Holy Scripture.9.Who is David Cameron?He is the prime minister of the UK.10.Who are the major poets of the Romantic period? (P91)William Wordsworth , Samuel Coleridge, George Gordon, Lord Byron, John Keats and Percy Bysshe Shelley11.Who are the major dramatists of the Elizabethan Age?(P88)More, Marlowe, William Shakespeare12.What is corporal punishment, and what is its relationship to schools in theUK?(P107)Corporal punishment is that naughty pupils should be punished physically.It is currently banned in the UK, but some people- including the government minister responsible for education- would like to see the return of the cane.13.Who funds/controls the schools in the UK?The central government and states14.What is th e UK educational system like? (P108)The UK educational system is run by the state, which provides funding, overseas standards, and tries to make sure that all British children receive a quality education.15.Which countries are members of the UN security council?(P122)China, France, Russia, Britain, America16.What is NATO? Is the UK a member?North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationYes17.What is the role of the newspaper in British life? How many people read it?What can the kind of newspaper someone is reading tell us about him/her?(P134) The paper is to offer the electorate objective reports about what is happening in the country.Almost every people read it, including the lower classes.The class and educational information18.What are the major holidays in the UK? Which is the most beloved? (Hint: Youneed to know more than just Christmas and Easter.)Christmas, Easter, the Queen’s Birthday, Bonfire Night, Hogmanay, Robert Burns, HalloweenChristmas is the most beloved.19.What are the major British sports? How have they influenced British culture inother ways?Football, Tennis, Cricket, Golf, Horse racing, Hunting and Equestrianism20.What factors decide the class one belongs to in the UK?The class one is born into, employment, newspaper, accents and education21.What is the British economy like today? What was it like in the past?1) The UK is a major developed capitalist country. It’s now the world’s sixth largest economy and has a GDP of US$2645 billion (2010) and is forecast to have the strongest business environment of all major European economies for the period of 2007 to 2011. It’s a number of the G7, G8, G-20 major economies, but also a number of the WTO. It’s a leading global trading nation, as the second largest exporter and the third largest importer of commercial services, and the tenth largest exporter and sixth largest importer of merchandise. Its national economies can be broken down into three main areas: “primary” industries (providing 13% of the nation wealth) which consist of the agricultural sector, the fishing and energy industries, “second” industries (providing 22% of the nation wealth) and tertiary industries (providing 65% of the nation wealth).2) By the 1880s,22.What was the British empire? How does it continue to shape the world today? The British empire was an empire whose center was Britain and which contained the colonial land governed by Britain.It maintains a substantial and expensive military presence in many overseas locations. The locations which used to be controlled by the UK also reagard the queen as their highest crown.23.Who wrote Macbeth?William Shakespeare24.Which organizations shape British foreign policy?The United States, the EU, NATO, etc.25.Who is involved in making British foreign policy?the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, The Prime Minster and the Cabinet, the Minister of Defence and Treasury26.What is the BBC? How many channels does it have? How is it funded? What isthe BBC World Service?The British Broadcasting Corporation4 channelsIt was founded in 1927 as a public service radio station, and later moved into TV.The BBC World Service is the international arm of the BBC, and it broadcasts in English and 43 other languages throughout the world.27.What role does the pub play in Irish culture?A place to gather to meet friends and neighbors on an informal basis28.What is a common stereotype of Irish people? Is it true?29.What is the most prominent religion in Ireland?Catholic30.What effects did the Catholic Church have on Irish laws?The birth control was effectively forbidden even to married couples until 1979; neither divorce nor abortion were legally available; books and movies were censored; schools and hospitals were set up with administrative boards that would dicate the “ethos” or ideology of the institution.31.What are the different kinds of art, dance, music, and literature in Ireland? Whatmakes them unique?32.What language do most Irish people speak today? How many people speak theoriginal Irish language? What is the first official language in Ireland? Whatcaused the decline of the Irish language?English; a small minority; the Irish language; conquered by Britain33.What is Riverdance?(P222)Riverdance is a dance which involves fancy footwork in intricate patterns, and in which most action is from the waist down, with the arms held rigidly at the sides. This dance might sound limited, but it can be very expressive indeed for its looser and more modern mode.34.What is the Australian system of government today?35.Why did many writers leave Australia in the 1950s and 1960s?36.Why does the Australian government fund the film industry?37.What is the most popular sport in Australia?38.What is Fundamentalism (in Australia)? How does it affect Australian society?。
英美概况上期末复习.docx
英美概况期末复习一、名词解释1、Prime Minister 首相The Prime Minister is the number-one minister of all the British ministers. After a general election, the leader of the party that has won the majority of the seats in the House of Commons will be appointed Prime Minister by the monarch. The Prime Minister is the head of the British Government and is rather powerful in making appointments. The Prime Minister not only controls the Cabinet but also the Parliament2、British Parliament 英国议会The British Parliament comprises 3 elements --------- the Monarch, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. In law, the Monarch is the official head of the Parliament; the two House are separate and equal. In reality, the Monarch is nothing but the symbolic part, the real power in passing laws is held mainly by the House of Commons. The British Parliament has the supreme legislative authority in the United Kingdom・3、The Speaker 议长The chief officer of the House of Commons is the Speaker, who is also known as the president of the Chambe匚The Speaker is elected by the House of Commons, but normally only after the party leaders have privately agreed beforehand on a particular person. Once elected, he can hold the position until his retirement when he will be made a pee匚Though he may belong to one of the political parties, the Speaker has to give up all party loyalties. He is next only to the Prime Minister in rank. The Speaker never votes except when the votes are equal. Then he gives the deciding vote.4、Question Time 质询时间Every day when the Commons meets, they begin their meeting with a "Question Time,M which is an hour of parliamentary time after prayers and some preliminaries. During the "Question Time"ministers, in rotation, answer questions put to them on matters for which they are responsible・ The questions are put forward by MPs and usually handed in beforehand・After the "Question Time”follows the main debate of the day.5、The "Three Readings"三独The process of passing it is similar in both of the Houses. According to a long-established practice, it must have three "readings^. In the Commons, it has the "first reading9' on introduction announcing its coming forward・ After a debate on its general principles and merits, it receives the "second reading^. At the end of the debate on the "second reading^, a vote is taken. Next the bill receives the "third reading^.6、Jury陪审团A Jury is a body of responsible, impartial citizens who are called to hear evidence in a law court andbound under oath to give an honest answer based on the evidence to question put before them. A Jury normally comprises 12 jurors, but in Scotland it consists of 15 people. In the United Kingdom all people between the ages of 18 and 65 or 70 whose names are on the electoral register can be chosen to serve on a jury except the ineligible・ Their names are chosen by lot. Those who are chosen cannot refuse jury service・ The jury decides whether the defendant is guilty or not in jury trials.7、By—elections 递补选举When an MP dies or resigns, or becomes a peer, his seat in the House of Commons is vacant・ Then a by一election is held to fill the vacancy・ A by一election is a local election. It is usually regarded asa test of national opinion in the period between general elections.8、Public Schools 公立大学"Public schools二the best—known of the independent schools in Great Britain, are secondary boarding schools preparing students academically for higher education, typically at Oxford or Cambridge University and ultimately for leadership in English life.9、The "Eleven Plus"Before 1965, after having finished their primary school education, pupils had to take a traditional selection test for entry to different types of secondary schools・It became known as the “Eleven Plus” for most children entered secondary schools shor什y after their 1 l lh birthday. Those who had got high marks went to grammar schools, and the rest, by far the majority, went to technical or secondary modern schools.10、The College System 学院制The administration of the university is the responsibility taken by their own governing councils・The universities decide the matters such as the prescription of syllabi, the arrangement of lectures, the conduct of examinations, and the award of degrees but the colleges are fairly independent. They are controlled by their own governing bodies, and all the colleges are parallel and equal institutions.By this college system, all students live in college during at least part of their course・11、The Tutorial System 导师制The tutorial system is a system of individual tuition which is organized by the college・ It is a way of teaching in these two universities. By this tutorial system, each student gets personal tuition oncea week in his tutor's own room・ This, with a weekly programme of private study is considered soimportant that students are not even compelled to attend general lectures. Students are free to choose the lectures they like・ Any one from any college may attend the university lectures.12、The Redbrick Universities 红砖大学The redbrick universities refer to all universities founded between 1850and 1930. They were called "redbrick" because that was the favourite building material of the time・ The University of London and Durham University included in this group・13、The Open University 开放大学The Open University was founded in 1969. It is a major innovation in the academic world providinga second chance for those who missed the opportunity for higher education at the age of 18 orthereabouts. The Open University offers tuition to degree standard to anyone who chooses to register.Unlike students in the other universities, they pay no boarding fees for the live at home・ After the end of their studies they take an examination. The successful students are granted a university degree.14、The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)英国广播公司The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a state—owned corporation. As a public service body, the present BBC was incorporated by the Royal Charter inn 1927 replacing the then British Broadcasting Corporation, a consortium of receiving equipment manufacturers established in 1992 to provide radio broadcasting service on a regular basis. The BBC's regular television broadcasting service began in 1936・ From 1927 to 1955 the BBC remained a monopoly of radio broadcasting,and later television broadcasting in Great Britain. Now, the BBC controls five national radio services,37 local radio stations and 2 national television channels.15、U nion Jack/Union Flag 英国国旗Union Jack/Union Flag is the national banner of the United Kingdom. It contains three crosses: St.George\ Cross, standing for the English people; St. Andrew's Cross, representing the Scottish people;and St. Patrick's Cross, for the Irish people. The first design was created in the 13th century, the ultimate design was settled in 1801.16、J ohn Bull约翰牛(特指英国或者英国人)John Bull is the nickname of the United Kingdom・ It is a household word in Britain・ It represents English people・ The name came from a book The History of John Bull by a Scottish. Now John Bull is regarded as a jovial, honest, solid and foursquare^ farmer.17、B ritish Isles不列颠群岛British Isles is a geographical term- It refers to an area including the two big islands, Great Britain and Ireland and many small islands between them and around them・ Two countries are located there: Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland・18、O ld English 古英语Old English is also known as An gio—Saxon. It is the term given to the language in its earliest written stage dating from 700 to 1150.Old English is a blend of German dialects spoken by the An gios, the Saxo ns and the Jutes. It is different from Modern English in phonology, morphology, spelling conventions, and syntax・19、M iddle English 中世纪英语The time: Middle English covered the time span from 1150 to 1500.The importance: The Middle English era was the era in which Britain broke the firm control of the Normans and became independent from France.The features of Middle English: It underwent greater changes than both Old English and Modern English A). The long bilingual phase in English history had exerted a profound effect on the structure of English, indirectly in its morphology and syntactic practice; and directly in its vocabulary・B) The great changes in this era made English become an analytic language instead of a synthetic one. C) Standard Pronunciation took shape by the end of the 14th century・20、T he Established ChurchesThe Established Churches are the churches which are "legally recognized as official churches of the state：There are two established churches™the Church of England and the Church of Scotland. 21、T he Church of EnglandThe Church of England is also called the Anglican Church. It is the national church of England.The Church of England has two provinces・Each province comprises some dioceses. A diocese is composed of many deaneries. A deanery is subdivided into many parishes.Though the Church of England is a national church, it is not financed by the state. The Church supports itself financially・It has its own properties, stocks and shares, and it receives endowment.The Church of England is Protestant in nature・22、T he Church of ScotlandIn Scotland, the established church is the Church of Scotland・ Il derived its status as the nationalchurch from The Treaty of Union 17O7.The government and nature of the Church. It is Presbyterian in church government and Calvinist (a branch of Protestantism) in nature.The central governing body is the General Assembly, in which the monarch is represented by the Lord High commissioner.Below the General Assembly is the Court of the Synod, then comes the Court of presbytery, and fin ally the Kirk Session.23、T he Free Churches 自由教会Generally, The Free Churches refer to the non—onformist churches in England・ The members of the Free churches are the "dissenters" as they are originally called. After the reformation in the 16th century, many Protestants separated from the Church of England (because they thought that the Church of England had not completely ridded of itself of the rules and practices of the Church of Rome.) and threw away all the Roman rules and formed the free churches of their own. Now in the Free Churches there are no archbishops and bishops and the churches are bare, and services are simple・24、B ritish Cabinet 英国公民British Cabinet is a committee of important ministers, departmental or non-departmental. It came into being in the late 17th and early 18th centuries・ And it emerged out of the Privy Council when the body grew to large for effective discussion. The Cabinet today is composed of about 20 ministers headed by the Prime Ministe匚But the number of the members is not fixed. In time of emergency or in the war time, the Cabinet is usually small in order to make decisions effectively.二、填空I、 The official name of Great Britain is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .2> The Union Flag is composed of 3 (St. Geonge's Cross. St. Andrew's Cross- St. Patrick's Cross)crosses,3s The national song in Britain is God Save the Oueen(Kin2)・4^ Of all four parts in Britain, Engkind is largest in area.5、The Republic of Ireland is the only land neighbour to Great Britain.6、The British Isles is composed of two big islands: Great Britain and Ireland •7^ In topography, traditionally, Great Britain is divided into two parts: a Highland Zone and a Lowland Zone ・8、The Pennines is called Backbone of England ・9、There live g peoples in Britain.10、T he pre-Celts were the Iberians and Beaker Folk •II、A part from English, Welsh and Gaelic are spoken in Britain.12、The English language belongs to the Germanic branch of Indo—European language family.13、English is one of the even smaller divisions of Low West Germanic and it is descended from OldEnglish14^ Modern English is mainly the marriage of Anglo—Sax on and Norma n・ French ・15、Old English is also known as An21o・Saxon ・16> It is in the stage of Middle English that English became an analytic language instead of a syntheticone.17^ Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Lan^ua^c is taken as the first English dictionary.18、T oday, English is the closest thing to a “lingua franca”, an in ternational language ・19、I n the year 597 , St. Augustine was sent by Pope Gregory I to spread Christianity inEng land ・20、T here are two established churches in Britain ■一the Church of England and the Church ofScotland .21、T he Church of England is Protestant in nature・22> The Church of Scotland is Presbyterian in church government and Calvinist in doctrine.23、T he British government is usually called Her Majesty's Government ・24、T he British Prime Minister lives and works in Number 10 Downing Street .25、T he tenure of office for the British Prime Minister is 5 years ・26 > The British Cabinet emerged out of the Priv# Council .27、T he present monarch in Britain is Oucen Elizabeth II •28、T he official birthday of the Queen Elizabeth is celebrated on Thursday of the second week inJune .29、T he British Parliament I composed of 3 elements.30、T he life of British Parliament lasts 5 years,31、T he life of the British Parliament is divided into sessions •32^ The British parliament is the “Mother of Parliaments”and it is the oldest Parliament・33、The House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal.34> The House of Lords is presides over by the Lord Speaker .35、T he head of Lower House in Britain is the Speaker •36、T he head of the British central government is The Prime Minister .37^ The head of state in Britain is the monarch ・38、The two major political parties in Britain are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.39> The Conservative Party developed from the Independent Labour Party .40、T he Labour Party is the successor of the Tories •41、T he general election in Britain is held every 5 years.42、I n each constituency a suitable person is appointed as a Returning officer , an official in charge ofa parliamentary election.43 > After general election in Britain the party in opposition forms a Shadow Cabinet .三、问答题1、Whaf the official name of Britain?The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2> How many popular names do you know about the country?3・ England> Great Britain > BritainHow much do you know about the British Isles?It is a geographical term. It refers to an area including the two big islands, Great Britain and Ireland and many small islands between them and around them. Two countries are located there: GreatBritain and the Republic of Ireland.4. What is the national song of Britain? God Save the Queen/God Save the King5x How many parts does Britain contain? 4. Engla nd、Scotia nd、Wales Northern Ireland6> What is the only land neighbour of Britain? The Republic of Ireland7> Name the surrounding waters of Britain?the east: the North Sea; the south: the English Channel;the north: the Atlantic Ocean; the west: the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean8、What kind of climate does Britain have?the prevailing south-westerly wind, the numerous inlets in the western coasts9> What are the features of English weather? changeable> rainy > foggy > windy10> Where is the population in Britain concentrated? England11> Why do we say Britain is a highly urbanized nation?96 percent of the total population in Britain live in cities and towns. Only 4 percent live in ruralareas. That makes Britain an urbanized nation.12> How many peoples are there in Britain? What are they? Who are the majorities and who arethe minorities?4 peoples. The English> The Scots、The WelshThe IrishThe English is the majority； The Scots, The Welsh and The Irish are the minorities.13N Who are the ancestors of the Welsh? Who are the ancestors of the Scots? Who are the ancestors of the Irish? And who are the ancestors of the English?the Brythons> the Gaels> the Gaels、Anglo一Saxons, the Normans and other races.14.What's the official language spoken in Britain? English15> What other languages are spoken in Britain besides English? Welsh and Gaelic 16N What is the origin of English language?The English language belongs to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.English is one of the even smaller division of Low West Germanic and is descended from Old English.17> Who and when for the first time came to Britain and spread Christianity?In 597, St. Augustine・18. Where did he choose to spread Christianity? Canterbury19> What are established churches?The Established Churches are the churches which are "legally recognized as official churches of the state”.20N H OW many established churches are there in Britain? And what are they?2 The Church of England and the Church of Scotland21> Who are the spiritual leaders of the Church of England?the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Archbishop of York22> What is the relation between the Monarch and the Church of England?By law, the Monarch (Sovereign) is the supreme head of the Church of England・ He is the temporal leader of the Church.23、W hat is the nature of the Church of England?The Church of Engla nd is Protesta nt in nature. Its doctrine, services and prayers are set in the Thirty—Nine Articles and The Books of Common Praye匚In addition, there are differencesbetween the High Church and the Low Church・24、W hat is the nature of the Church of Scotland?It is Calvinist (a branch of Protestantism) in nature・25> What are major Free Churches in Britain?the Methodist Church> the United Reformed Church >the Baptist Church > the Quakers and the Salvation Army.26> By whom is the Roman Catholic Church headed in Britain? The Roman Pope27.Who is the head of state in Britain? The monarch28.Who is the head of the British central government? The Prime Minister29.Where does the British Prime Minister live and work? Number 10 Downing Street30.How long is the tenure of office for the British Prime Minister? 5 years3K Who is the present monarch in Britain? Queen Elizabeth II32* When is the national day in Britain? Thursday of the second week in June・33.What elements is the British Parliament composed of ?The Monarch, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons・34.What is the major function of a jury in Britain?The jury decides whether the defendant is guilty or not in jury trials.35> What are the two major political parties now in Britain ?The Conservative Party and the Labour Party・36、What is the electoral method in Britain ?The electoral method is the first-past-post method or simply the majority method・37> How many British national dailies do you know?The Times> The Guardian、Financial Times、The Daily TelegraphThe IndependentDaily Express> Daily Mail. Daily Star> Morning Star> Daily Mirror> The Sun* Today38.How many British national Sundays do you know?The observer> Sunday Telegraphs The Sunday Times> The Independent on Sunday>The Mail on Sunday > News of the World> Sunday Express> Sunday Mirror> The People> Sun day Sport39.How many famous British magazines do you know?Classification> The Economists The Spectator40^ Of all news agencies in Britain, which one is the most influential? Reuters。
英美概况复习资料
1. The continental United States lies in the central North American with ____ toits east and ____ to its west.A. the pacific ocean, the Atlantic oceanB. the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific OceanC. the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of MexicoD. the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean2. Among the Great Lakes, _____ is the only one entirely in the United States.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake HuronC. Lake OntarioD. Lake Michigan3. The Appalachians run from ____ to ____.A. the north, the southB. the east, the westC. the northwest, the southeastD. the northeast, the southwest4. The biggest city in the U.S. is ____.A. Los AngelesB. New YorkC. ChicagoD. San Francisco5. The ____ River meets the Atlantic Ocean at New York City.A. PotomacB. HudsonC. ColumbiaD. Colorado6. Hawaii became the fiftieth state of the United States in ____.A. 1948B. 1950C. 1956D. 19597. ____ is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Eire8. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United Sates is ___.A. the HispanicsB. the Asian-AmericansC. the IndiansD. the blacks9. The Grand Canyon is located in the state of ____.A. ColoradoB. CaliforniaC. ArizonaD. New Mexcio10. ____ are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United Sates.A. the BlacksB. The HispanicsC. the Asian-AmericansD. the Indians11. The ____ River has been called the American Ruhr.A. MississippiB. OhioC. MissouriD. Colorado12. The Mississippi River flows to ____.A. the Atlantic OceanB. the Gulf of CaliforniaC. the Gulf of MexicoD. the Pacific Ocean13. The U.S. produces nearly ___ of the corn in the world.• A. 25% B. 35% C. 40% D. 50%14. ____ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.• A. The Midwest B. the Great Plains• C. New England D. the South15．The Snow belt areas in the united States refer to North.16. The chief industry in the Rocky Mountains is ____• A. the tourist trade B. mining• C. textile industry D. iron and steel17. The United States is the ____ most populous country in the world.• A. third B. fourth C. fifth D. sixth18. New York is located in ___.A. the MidwestB. the Middle Atlantic regionC. New EnglandD. the great Plains19. The United States is the ____ largest country in the world.• A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth20. ___ is the home of the space center in the U.S.• A. Houston B. Dallas• C. New Orleans D. Miami•••21. The Midwest states lies in the ___ part of the U.S.• A. western B. southern C. northern D. northwestern•22. The smallest state in the U.S. is ____.• A. Washington B. Rhode island• C. Hawaii D. Maryland••23. In the U.S., the largest city along the Pacific Coast is _____. • A. Los Angeles B. San Francisco• C. Seattle D. Portland•24. The first industrial area in the United Sates is _____.• A. New England• B. the Middle Atlantic• C. the Midwest D. the South••25. _____ is the largest city of the Great Plains of the U.S.• A. Colorado B. Los Angeles• C. Salt Lake City D. Denver•26. The largest state on the mainland of the United States is _____. • A. California B. Texas• C. Alaska D. Arizona••27. The largest and busiest port on the great Lakes is ___.• A. New York B. Chicago• C. Detroit D. St. Louis•28. The sunbelt areas in the united States refer to _____.• A. the East and the North• B. the North and the West• C. the west and the South• D. the east and the South••29. The newest state in the United States is _____.• A. New Mexico B. Alaska• C. California D. Hawaii••30. The state of ____ is the leading state in oil and natural gas deposits in the U.S.• A. California B. New Mexico• C. Florida D. Texas31. The Rustbelt areas refers to Northeastern USA32. Please list five metropolitans which located on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. (Boston-Washington corridor )Boston, Massachusetts, new York city, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington, D.C.33. __Florida______is the southern-most city( exclusive of Hawaii).34. The highest summits in the US. is Mt. Mckinley35. The national flag of the United States is known as ____.A. the star-spangled BannarB. Uncle SamC. Got DogD. Union Jack36. The Niagara Falls is located on thee US and the Canadian boundary between Lake _________ and Lake ________.A. Superior, HuronB. Michigan, HuronC. Huron, EireD. Eire, Ontario37．Which of the king was executed in the civil war?A. James IB. Charles IC. James IID. Charles II38．Westminster Palace is the ___________.A.seat of British House of ParliamentB.seat of English ChurchC.residence of king and queenD.Residence of Prime Minster39．No. 10 Downing Street is ________.A.Office of British NavyB.Official residence of Prime MinsterC.Seat of English parliamentD.Official residence of King40．The American Civil War lasted from _______ to _______.A. 1858,1861B. 1861, 1863C. 1861, 1865D. 1863, 186741．In the U.S., the senatorial term is _________ years.A. 3.B. 4C. 6D. 842．The______ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.A .WhigsB .ToriesC .RadicalsD .Nonconformists 43．Among the Great Lakes, ______ is the only one entirely in the United States.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake HuronC. Lake OntarioD. Lake Michigan44．_____ was Britain’s first colony in America.A .PlymouthB .JamestownC .PhiladelphiaD .New York45．______ was a king that was so enthusiastic about agricultural changes that he got the nickname “Farmer George”.A .George IB .George IIC .George IIID .George IV46．During the American Civil War, the army of the North was known as _____.A. the Continental ArmyB. the Confederate ArmyC. the U.S. armyD. the Union Army47．The Marsh Plan offered economic aid to ______.A. European countriesB. Western European countriesC. Eastern European countriesD. European countries except the Soviet UnionMock Test.1. The official name of the United Kingdom is______.A .the United Kingdom of Great BritainB .the United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandC .the United Kingdom of Britain and Northern IrelandD .the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. It was under______ that the feudal system in England was completely established.A .HaroldB .WilliamC .HenryD .Edward3 .The largest and most important museum in Britain is______.A .the British MuseumB .the Victoria and Albert MuseumC .the Imperial War MuseumD .the National Gallery4. Which of the following is not a political division on the island of Great Britain?A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .Northern IrelandD .Wales5. The highest peak in Britain is______.A .Ben NevisB .ScafellC .SnowdoniaD .Cross Fell6. The first known settlers of Britain were______.A .the IberaiansB .the Bearker FolkC .the CeltsD .the Romans7. The Wars of the Roses lasted from ______ to______.A.1455, 1465B.1455, 1475C.1455, 1485D.1455, 14958. The religious change from Catholicism toward Protestant theology in England was called “______”.A .RenaissanceB .ReformationC .RevolutionD .Evolution9. A British Parliament has a maximum duration of______ years.A .3B .4C .5D .610. In criminal trials, the______ decides the issue of guilt or innocence.A .judgeB .lawyerC .juryD .audience11. The first English colony in America was founded in______.A .1593B .1607C .1618D .162012. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel inthe______ and the North Sea in the______.A .south, westB .south, eastC .north, westD .north, east13. The first successful Roman conquest in Britain was led by______.A .Julius CaesarB .ClaudiusC .AgricolaD .Constantine14.______ served as the new cultural centers in England during the reign of the Norman kings.A .The schoolsB .The monasteriesC .The royal courtD .The big towns15. The House of Lancaster was symbolized by the______ rose, while that of York was symbolized by the______ rose.A .white, blackB .white, redC .red, whiteD .black, red16. In Britain, the ultimate authority for law-making resides in______.A .the House of LordsB .the Hose of CommonsC .the QueenD .the Prince of Wales17. Which of the following statements is not true about the contributions made by the Anglo-Saxons to English state?A .They divided the country into shires.B .They devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system.C .They created the manorial system and the Witan.D .They established the complete feudal system in England.18. The narrowest part of the English Channel is the Straits of Dover, which is only______ km across.A .25B .35C .43D .5019. Which of the following statements is not true about William’s policy towardthe church in England?A .He kept the church completely in his control and tried to suppress its power.B .He appointed the Italian-born Lanfranc to be Archbishop of Canterbury.C .He encouraged the church to have a closer relationship with Rome.D .He took care to maintain the independence of the church.20. The Magna Carta had altogether______ clauses.A .50B .53C .58D .6321. The______ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.A .WhigsB .ToriesC .RadicalsD .Nonconformists22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained______growth rate and______ inflation rate.A .the highest, the highestB .the lowest, the lowestC .the highest, the lowestD .the lowest, the highest23. The House of Lord is presided over by the______.A .Archbishop of CanterburyB .Lord ChancellorC .QueenD .Archbishop of York24. The capital of Scotland is______.A .BelfastB .CardiffC .EdinburghD .Dublin25. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?A .About 200 yearsB .About 300 yearsC .About 400 yearsD .About 500 years26. Which of the following statements is not among the causes of the hundredyears’ war between England and France?A .The French king wanted to take back the territory occupied by England.B .Both English and French kings wanted to control the Flemish clothmanufacturing towns.C .England wanted to stop France from giving aid to the Scots.D .The English refused to recognize Edward as their king.27. Mrs. Thatcher was British Prime Minister from______.A .1980, 1990B .1982, 1988C .1979, 1990 D.1979, 198428. The present Sovereign of Britain is______.A .PhilipB .Elizabeth IC .Elizabeth IID .Charles29. Britain’s most popular pastime is______.A .reading newspaperB .watching TVC .playing footballD .horse racing30. The destruction of the______ in 1588 showed England’s superiority as a naval power under Elizabeth I’s reign.A .French FleetB .Spanish ArmadaC .Danish VikingsD .Portuguese Navy31. The replacement of James II by William and Mary has been known as______.A .the Glorious RevolutionB .the RestorationC .the ReformationD .the Renaissance32. The decade of 1980s is remembered in Britain as the era of______.A .centralizationB .nationalizationC .privatizationD .industrialization33. The Church of Scotland is a______ church.A .MethodistB .BaptistC .PresbyterianD .Catholic34. The longest river in Britain is______.A .the Severn RiverB .the Thames RiverC .the Mersey RiverD .the Clyde River35.______ were the people who laid foundation of the English state.A .The CeltB .The RomansC .The JutesD .The Anglo-Saxons36. Mrs. Thatcher’s Medium-term Financial Strategy was characterized by______.A .prices controlB .incomes controlC .state interventionismD .privatization37. The British Prime Minister is appointed by______.A .the QueenB .the SpeakerC .the House of CommonsD .the House of Lords38.______ is the highest judiciary officer in Britain.A .The Lord ChancellorB .The Home SecretaryC .The Attorney GeneralD .The Prime Minister39. The well-known Lake District in Britain is located in______.A .north ScotlandB .north-west EnglandC .north WalesD .Northern Ireland40. Which of the following statements is not among the achievements of King Alfred?A .He defeated the Danes and conquered Denmark.B .He translated Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People into English.C .He founded a strong fleet and became known as “ the father of the British navy”.D .He established a number of schools.41. Henry VIII was above all responsible for the______ reform in England.A .militaryB .economicC .socialD .religious42. The______ presides over the House of Commons and enforces the rules of order.A .Prime MinisterB .SpeakerC .Lord ChancellorD .Queen43.______ is the ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the United Kingdom.A .The High CourtB .The Supreme Court of JudicatureC .The House of LordD .The Court of Appeal44. Around which time period did the Celts start to arrive in Britain?______A .3000 B.C.B .2000 B.C.C .700 B.C.D .500 B.C.45. The death of King______ marked the perishing of Anglo-Saxon England.A .AlfredB .EdwardC .HaroldD .William46. England has been a Protestant country since the reign of______.A .Henry VIIIB .Edward VIC .Mary Tudor D.Elizabeth I47.______ was Britain’s first colony in America.A .PlymouthB .JamestownC .PhiladelphiaD .New York48. In 1838, the London Working Men’s Association put forward a charter of political demands, which was called a “______”.A .Great CharterB .Greater CharterC .People’s CharterD .new Poor Law49. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain?______A .microprocessorsB .computersC .biotechnologyD .motor vehicle50. The head of State in Britain is______.A .the king or queenB .Prime MinisterC .ParliamentD .Prince of Wales51. In Great Britain, the______ is uniquely related to the Crown.A .Church of EnglandB .Church of ScotlandC .Church of IrelandD .Church of Wales52. Among the four political divisions of Britain, ______ is the most denselypopulated.A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .WalesD .Northern Ireland53. “The Danelaw” refers to the______ part of England which was occupied by the Danes in King Alfred’s time.A .south and eastB .north and eastC .south and westD .north and west54. The hundred years’ war between England and France was declared by______.A .Henry IIIB .Edward IC .Edward IIID .Henry V55.______ was a king that was so enthusiastic about agricultural changes that hegot the nickname “Farmer George”.A .George IB .George IIC .George IIID .George IV56. The end of Britain’s empire was hastened by______.A .World War IB .the Great DepressionC .World War IID .the Korean War57. The Prime Minister in Britain is chairman of the______.A .shadow cabinetB .cabinetC .ParliamentD .Opposition58. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from______.A .the 11th and 12th centuriesB .the 12th and 13th centuriesC .the 14th and 15th centuriesD .the 18th and 19th centuries59. Which of the following statements is not true about St.Augustine?A .He was sent by Pope Gregory I to England.B .He was the first Archbiship of Canterbury.C .He was remarkably successful in converting the king and the nobility.D .One of his greatest achievements was to have converted large numbers of common people in Britain.60. The Black Death spread through Europe in the______ century.A .13thB .14thC .15thD .16th61. There were______ Tudor monarchs who ruled England and Wales and the first one was______.A .4, Henry VB .5, Henry VIIC .6, Henry VIID .7, Henry VIII62. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was a______ conspiracy.A .ScottishB .CatholicC .PuritanD .Spanish63. The British Labor Party got its name in_______.A .1893B .1899C .1900D .190664 .The members of______ in Britain have also been known as dissenters ornonconformists.A .the Anglican ChurchesB .the Church of EnglandC .the Roman Catholic ChurchD .the Free Churches65. Which of the following people are not descendants of the Celts ?A .EnglishB .ScotsC .WelshD .Irish66. Which of the following statements is not true about Canute?A .He became King of England in 1016.B .He made England part of a Scandinavian empire.C .He divided power between Danes and Saxons.D .He formulated a legal system in England.67. James I was son of______.A .Mary TudorB .Mary StuartC .Elizabeth ID .Edward VI68. Greater London is divided into 32______ and the City of London.A .districtsB .countiesC .boroughsD .regions69. The largest church of the Free Churches in Britain is______.A .the Baptist ChurchB .the Presbyterian ChurchC .the Methodist ChurchD .the United Reformed Church70. The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday derive from the gods in______.A .DruidismB .ChristianityC .the Teutonic religionD .Roman Catholicism71. As a transitional period, Renaissance covered the years between______and______.A .1150, 1450B .1250, 1550C .1350, 1650D .1450, 175072.______ is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.A .The RenaissanceB .The English ReformationC .The English Civil WarD .the Glorious Revolution73. Which of the following countries was not a member of the “Allies” during World War I?A .BritainB .FranceC .RussiaD .Germany74 .Among the following industrial cities,______ is not based on coalfields.A .LondonB .GlasgowC .EdinburghD .Manchester75. To Scots, the most important festival is______.A .Christmas DayB .New Year’s EveC .EasterD .Whit Sundays that begin with M’, Mc or Mac are______ names.A .EnglishB .WelshC .ScottishD .Irish77. The first Christian church in Britain was established in______.A .LondonB .YorkC .CanterburyD .Bath78. The Magna Carta was signed by King John in______.A .1213B .1214C .1215D .121679. The Petition of Right was also regarded as the______.A .Magna CartaB .General PardonC .Grand RemonstranceD .second Magna Carta80. The British East India Company was established in______.A .1500B .1600C .1700D .180081. The Midlands refers to the area of______.A .central EnglandB .central Lowlands of ScotlandC .North-East EnglandD .North Wales82. By tradition, the Prime Minister of Britain is also First Lord of______.A .the TreasuryB .the Home OfficeC .the Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeD .the Ministry of Defense83. Easter is a Christian festival that celebrates______.A .the birth of ChristB .the resurrection of ChristC .the coming of the Holy Spirit to Christ’s apostlesD .the death of Christ84. The most important river in Britain is______.A .the Severn RiverB .the Thames RiverC .the Mersey RiverD .the Clyde River85. Margaret Thatcher was leader of the______ Party.A .ConservativeB .LaborC .LiberalD .Democratic86. In December 1653, Oliver Cromwell was made______ of the Commonwealth of England.A .KingB .GeneralC .Lord ProtectorD .Lord Chancellor87. There are now______ Roman Catholic provinces in Great Britain.A .5B .7C .9D .1088. Football has its traditional home in______.A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .FranceD .Italy89.______ is the most typically English of sports.A .FootballB .RugbyC .CricketD .Horse racing90. King______ was known of his piety as “the Confessor”.A .AlfredB .CanuteC .EdwardD .William91. Henry VIII’ s religious reform began as a struggle for______.A .powerB .a divorceC .equalityD .peace92. In Britain the last stage for a bill to become law as Acts of parliament is called______.A .First and Second ReadingsB .Royal AssentC .Third ReadingD .Committee stage93. The______ are Anglo-Saxons.A .EnglishB .ScotsC .WelshD .Irish94. Which of the following statements is not true about the jury system in the reign of Henry II?A .It was replacing old English ordeals by fire and water and old Norman trials by battle.B .A jury was composed of twelve men.C .The jurors’ function was not only to act as witnesses, but to hear evidences and give verdict.D .It was originated from primitive trials in which witnesses were called forward to swear to the innocence of the accused.95. It was______ that united the Houses of Lancaster and York.A .Edward VB .Richard IIIC .Henry TudorD .John Beaufont96. During the First Civil War of England, the supporters of Parliament werecalled______.A .CavaliersB .RoundheadsC .RoyalistsD .Crusaders97. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from______.A .ManchesterB .LiverpoolC .LondonD .Edinburgh98. England got its name “Angle” land from______.A .the CeltsB .the RomansC .the Germanic conquerorsD .the Danes99. Which city used to be the Roman capital in Britain?A .LondonB .YorkC .BathD .Edinburgh100. Which of the following statements is not true about Henry VII?A .He was said to have murdered Edward V and his brother.B .During his reign he refilled the royal treasury through loans, subsidies, property levies and fines.C .He was able to build up England’s navy and foreign trade.D .He forbade the nobles to keep excessive power.101. The Church of England is not free to change its form of worship without the consent of______.A .ParliamentB .the archbishop of CanterburyC .the archbishop of YorkD .the Queen102. The home of golf is______.A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .FranceD .the U.S.A103. Which of the following statements is not true about Elizabeth I?A .Her religious reform was a compromise of views.B .She tried and executed her cousin Mary.C .She was succeeded by her son James VI.D .She enabled England to become a great trading and colonizing country.104. The game “Rugby” got its name from a______.A .townB .countryC .schoolD .person105. Which of the following statements is not true about William the Conqueror?A .He was Duke of Normandy.B .His cavalry was then the finest fighting horsemen in Europe.C .He was Norman.D .He was crowned as King of England at Canterbury.106. Winston Churchill became Prime Minister of Britain in______.A .1930B .1935C .1940D .1945107. The Open University in Britain was founded in______.A .1958B .1969C .1970D .1975108. The Supreme Court of the U.S. consists of one Chief Justice and ____ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 10109. During the American Civil War, the army of the North was known as _____.A. the Continental ArmyB. the Confederate ArmyC. the U.S. armyD. the Union Army110．______ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.A. The MidwestB. the Great PlainsC. New EnglandD. The south111. In the U.S., the Senatorial term is _________ years.A. 3B. 4C. 6D. 8112. The Marsh Plan offered economic aid to ______.A. European countriesB. Western European countriesC. Eastern European countriesD. European countries except the Soviet Union1.The statement “A person cannot step into the same river twice.” was said by_____.A. PythagorasB. PlatoC. HeraclitusD. Democtitus2.________ said, “One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing.”A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales3.________ founded the science of logic.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales4.The Republic was written by ___________.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales5.“Question-and-answer” technique was created by _________.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales6.“The Renaissance” was between _________.A. 1500-1700 A.D.B. 1400-1700 A.D.C. 1300-1600 A.D. D. 1400-1600 A.D.7._________ said, “I think; therefore, I am”.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley8.__________ was called the farther of modern Rationalism.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley9.________ was called the modern father of Empiricism.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley10._________ combined elements of both Rationalism and Empiricism into onenew comprehensive system.A. Immanuel KantB. George HegelC. John RockD. George Berkeley11.________ were mainly interested in love, Nature and art.A. The National RomanticsB. The Universal RomanticsC. The Classical RomanticsD. The contemporary Romantics.12.The British Isles is made up of ________>A.Three large islands and hundreds of small onesB.Two large islands and hundreds of small onesC.Three large islands and dozens of small onesD.Two large islands and dozens of small ones13.The tower of London, located in the center of London, was built by _______.A. King HaroldB. William the ConquerorC. Robin HoodD. Oliver Cromwell14.Between 1337 and 1453 the ______ took place in Britain.A. Wars of RosesB. Black deathC. Hundred Years’ warD. peasants uprising15.In English individualistic culture, one should not bother Englishmen without agood reason and making appointment beforehand seems to be important. It is best reflected by an English proverb __________.A. as welcome as a stormB. an Englishmen’ s house is his castleC. don’t wear out your welcomeD. outstay one’s welcome16.Which of the king was executed in the civil war?A. James IB. Charles IC. James IID. Charles II17.Westminster Palace is the ___________.E.seat of British House of ParliamentF.seat of English ChurchG.residence of king and queenH.Residence of Prime MinsterI.18.No. 10 Downing Street is ________.E.Office of British NavyF.Official residence of Prime MinsterG.Seat of English parliamentH.Official residence of King19.The oldest university in Britain is ________.A. Cambridge UniversityB. St. Andrews UniversityC. OxfordD. Edinburgh University20.British English is spoken in _______.A. Great BritainB. AustraliaC. New ZealandD. A,B and C21．The goal of Roosevelt’s New Deal was _________.A. to save the American economic and political systemB. to change the American economic systemC. to weaken monopoly interests in AmericaD. to nationalize banks and financial institutions in America.22．The American Civil War lasted from _______ to _______.A. 1858,1861B. 1861, 1863C. 1861, 1865D. 1863, 186723. The American population movement between the end of the civil war and 1880 had much to do with _______.A. the westward movementB. the urbanizationC. the industrializationD. the development of hi-tech industries25. In the U.S., the senatorial term is _________ years.A. 3.B. 4C. 6D. 826. The______ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.。
英美概况期末考试复习范围(答案)
英美概况期末考试复习范围选择题部分需准备的内容：1.P3: British Isles are made of ?a)The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones.The twolarge island islands are Great Britain and Ireland.b)英国由两块大岛屿和上百的小岛屿组成。
两块大岛屿分别是大不列颠和爱尔兰2.P10: average rainfall in Britaina)The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,000 min.b)英国年降水量是1,000毫米3.P12: Anglo-Saxons (laid the foundation of the English states)a)The English are Anglo-Saxons,...b)英国是由盎格鲁-撒克逊人建立的。
4.P18: Celts’ religiona)The Celts' religion was Druidism.b)柯尔特人的宗教是德鲁伊教5.P20: three Teutonica)In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain.b)三支日耳曼部族：朱特，撒克逊和盎格鲁6.P21: Saxons established their kingdom in?a)Then the Saxons,users of the short-sword from northern Germany,established theirkingdoms in Essex,Sussex and Wessex.b)撒克逊人在伊赛克斯，苏赛克斯和维赛克斯建立王国。
英美概况复习资料
英美概况复习资料英美概况复习资料英美两国是世界上最具影响力的国家之一，它们在政治、经济、文化等方面都有着重要的地位。
本文将从多个角度对英美概况进行复习，并对两国的历史、地理、社会制度、文化等方面进行探讨。
一、历史概述英国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家，其历史可以追溯到公元前1世纪的罗马帝国时期。
英国曾经是一个强大的殖民帝国，统治过世界各地的殖民地。
而美国则是一个相对年轻的国家，于1776年宣布独立，脱离英国的统治。
美国的历史主要分为殖民地时期、独立战争、内战、工业革命等阶段。
二、地理概况英国位于欧洲西北部，包括大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰。
它与法国隔海相望，是欧洲大陆最接近英国的国家。
英国的地理特点是多山丘陵，河流众多，气候温和多雨。
美国则位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。
美国是一个拥有广袤土地的国家，地形多样，包括大平原、沙漠、山脉等。
美国的气候多样，从亚热带到寒带都有涵盖。
三、政治制度英国是一个君主立宪制国家，女王是国家元首，但实际上的政治权力掌握在议会手中。
英国的政府体系是议会制，分为上议院和下议院。
英国的政治制度稳定，尊重法治，实行民主选举。
美国则是一个联邦共和制国家，总统是国家元首，政权分为行政、立法和司法三个独立的分支。
美国的政治制度强调权力分立和制衡，选举制度比较复杂，包括总统选举、国会选举等。
四、经济概况英国是一个发达的资本主义国家，拥有高度发达的市场经济体系。
它是世界上最早实行工业化的国家之一，拥有强大的金融、服务业和制造业。
英国是欧洲最大的金融中心之一，伦敦证券交易所是世界上最大的证券交易所之一。
美国是世界上最大的经济体，也是全球最发达的资本主义国家之一。
美国拥有强大的科技、金融、制造业等产业，是全球创新和科技领域的领导者。
五、文化特点英美两国都有着丰富多样的文化传统。
英国文化以莎士比亚、英国文学、音乐、戏剧等为代表，具有浓厚的历史底蕴和文化内涵。
英国人崇尚礼仪和传统，喜欢喝茶、看足球等。
英美概况期末考试复习资料
《英美概况》期末考试复习资料Explanation of termsThe Easter Rebellion of 1916: In 1916, Irish nationalists, with German aid, staged an armed rebellion in Dublin, which marked the beginning of Irish War of Independence.Euroscepticism: a general term for opposition to the process of European Integration.Europeanism: the concept of, or assertion, that the people of Europe have a distinct collective cultural identity within the larger context of Western culture, where the culture and politics of United States often dominatesBaby Boom: A sudden, large increase in the birthrate, especially the one in the United States after World War II from 1947 through 1961. Megalopolis : a small set of great constellations of polycentric urban zones, each complexly interlocked socially and physically with its neighbors.The Cold War：the continuing state of conflict, tension and competition that existed primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union and those countries' respective allies from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s. Hate CrimesWords or actions motivated by the race, religion, ethnicity or sexual bias of the victim.American DreamA phrase connoting hope for prosperity and happiness, symbolized particularly by having a house of one’s own. At first ap plied to the hopes of immigrants, the phrase now applies to all except the very rich and suggests a confident hope that one’s children’s economic and social condition will be better than one’s own.William the ConquerorWilliam was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.the Emancipation ProclamationDuring the Civil war, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to get more support for the Union at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.Answering questionsWhat is the relationship between the British parliament and the cabinet?(1)The parliament is sovereign in legislative which examines and controls the cabinet.(2)The cabinet is responsible to the parliament.(3)Once losing the support of the parliament(getting a vote of no confidence), the cabinet has to either resign or suggest the monarch to dissolve the parliament and hold the General election ahead of schedule.Talk about the checks and balance between the three branches of American government.(chapter 9 PPT Page44-45)the president v.s. Congress:1.Only when the president signs, can a proposed law be put into effect. The president can veto it, but if 2/3 of Congress members vote in favor of it, the law will be passed.2.Only when the Senate approves, can the president make foreign treaties and appoint government officials.3.Congress can appropriate money and levy taxes.4.The president shall report to Congress annually----the president’s State of Union address.5.Congress can impeach and remove the president.6.The president is not responsible to Congress, but to the voters. Members of Congr ess or government officials can’t hold office in both branches. The president has no right to dissolve Congress.Congress v.s. the courts1.If the Supreme Court confirms a passed law as unconstitutional, the lawwill be no longer in effect.2.Congress can impeach the judges, create lower federal courts. President v.s. the courts1.The president appoints the justices of the Supreme Court, can grant pardons to federal offenders (impeachment excluded), meanwhile the justices hold office for life unless impeached.2.The Supreme Court can declare the president’s executive order invalid if it considers the order as unconstitutional.The Norman Conquest’s consequencesThe Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history.a. William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.b. Relations with the Continent were opened, and the civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture were introduced.c. After Norman invasion, a variant of Old English (a variety of Germanic dialects) was developed without many word changes and with a large number of new vocabulary from Latin, French and Old English.d. The king was bound by the feudal customs and the common law.e. The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts. But this was also the beginning of the centuries’long struggle between the English king and the Pope.Talk about the Wars of the Roses and their influences.The War of the Roses refers to the battles between the House of Lancaster, symbolized by the red rose, and that of York, symbolized by the white, from 1455 to 1485. Henry Tudor, descendant of Duke of Lancaster won victory in 1485 and put the country under the rule of the Tudors. From these Wars, English feudalism received its death blow. The great medieval nobility was much weakened.Talk about the content and significance of the New Deal.The New Deal was a program of “Relief, Recovery and Reform” for a series of economic and social changes in the US.Its goals were to help people who had lost their jobs or their property as a result of the Great Depression, to fund farmers and form a framework of public works.It laid the foundation for a national system of old-age, unemployment and disability insurance.The New Deal was a major turning point in American history by establishing the federal government’s strong role in the nation’s economic affairs.Explain ThatcherismMrs. Thatcher firmly believed in self-reliance and privatization. Her polices are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It includes the return to private ownership of state-owned industries, the reduction of taxes, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order. Under her leadership politics in the UK became much more right-wing.Talk about the influence of the Vietnam War on the US.The Vietnam War had profound effects on American society and US foreign policy.The war had polarized many of America’s young people who increasingly become more disillusioned and radical during the war.As public distrust of the government’s foreign policy increased, Americans showed growing concern over the neglected areas of domestic policy. Inflation, the direct result of the cost of the Vietnam War, was the worst the nation had experienced since WWII.The war had adverse effects for the US internationally as well. While the US devoted billions of dollars annually to military expenditures, the Japanese economy developed at an unprecedented rate. European nations doubted America’s reliability, and revolutionary leaders in the developing nations mocked America’s policies.。
英美概况期末复习题
There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and __C___.A) the Liberal Party B) the Democratic PartyC) the Labor Party D) the Republican PartyChristianity was introduced into England in the late __C___ century.A) 14th B) 8th C) 6th D) 10thThe best-known quality of the British people is their __A__.A) conservativeness B) exclusivenessC) open-mindedness D) self-consciousnessThree “Don’ts” include the following except _D____.A) jumping up the queue B) asking a woman her ageC) bargaining while shopping D) laughing at one’s own faultsChristianity consists of the following except _B____.A) Catholicism B) Jewish Church C) Protestantism D) Eastern Orthodox Church The Church of England came into being during the __C___.A) Glorious Revolution B) Industrial RevolutionC) European Reformation D) the One Hundred Years’ WarThe British Monarchy is __C___.A)elective B) democratic C) hereditary D) appointedThe _B____ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.A)Prime Minister B) Crown C) Parliament D) CabinetThe president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is __A___.A) Lord Chancellor B) Speaker C) Prime minister D) MonarchLondon, because of its special location, is divided into __C___ boroughs and the city of London.A) 20 B) 12 C) 32 D) 5In England and Wales, the jury consists of __B___ people in criminal and civil cases.A)fifteen B) twelve C) seven D) eighteenAll children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of __A___ to _____.A) 5, 16 B) 6, 17 C) 7, 18 D) 5, 18Public schools in the UK belong to the category of the _B____ schools.A) state B) independent C) local D) communityThe contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except __D___.A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialectThe pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination would go to __A___ school.A)grammar B) technical C) secondary modern D) comprehensiveThe two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the _D____.A) records of attendance B) governing councilC) board D) tutorial systemThe oldest university in Britain is __D___ University.A)Cambridge B) Edinburgh C) London D) OxfordIt was __A___ who first revolutionized scientific thought in Britain.A) Francis Bacon B) Isaac NewtonC) James Watt D) Charles Darwin__B___ is the monarch’s present London home.A) Westminster Palace B) Buckingham PalaceC) Whitehall Palace D) the White HouseThe longest river in Britain is __A___.A)Severn B) Clyde C) Bann D) ThamesEdinburgh is the capital of _B____.A) England B) Scotland C) Wales D) North IrelandBritain is basically an importer of __D___.A) food B) raw materialsC) manufactures D) both A and BBritain’s main cereal cro p is _C____.A) oats B) corn C) barley D) ryeThe three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except _C____.A.the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the JutesThe second largest port in Britain is __C___.A. LondonB. BelfastC. Liverpool D) PlymouthThe capital city of Northern Ireland is __B___.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith D) EdinburghCeltic tribes began to settle in Britain from about _B____ B.C.A. 410B. 750C. 300 D) 1066The U.K. is rich in the following except __C___.A. coalB. ironC. goldD. tinThe modern Scots and Irish are the descendants of __A___.A. CeltsB. BritonsC. Anglo-Saxons D) Normans__C___ has its own national church and its own system of law.A. WalesB. Northern IrelandC. Scotland D) IrelandThe first inhabitants in Britain were __C___.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-SaxonsIn the 18th century, there appeared __A__ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious ReformationBritain’s foreign trade is mainly with __C___.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EUSoon after ___C__, Britain not only gave up its economic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 1960The Commonwealth Wealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries and other political units_____A________.A．that have lived under British law and governmentB．that have a large number of British immigrantsC．that have close relations with BritainD．that have fought on the side of Britain in the two world warsThe foundations of___A___was laid in the late 1940s, providing free medical care for everyone and financial help for the old, the sick and the unemployed.A. the welfare stateB. the National Health ServiceC. the compulsory educationD. the Women's Liberation MovementMargaret Thatcher believed in the following except___B___.A. self-relianceB. the strengthening of trade unionsC. privatizationD. the use of monetary policies to control inflation.The public are admitted to__A____in the House of Lords and the House of Commons.A. the Stranger's GalleriesB. the Press GalleryC. the WoolsackD. the Speaker's ChairWhich of the following statements is not true? BA. The Prime Minster is appointed by the QueenB. The Prime Minster sometimes presides over the Privy CouncilC. The Prime Minister is also First Lord of TreasuryD. The Prime Minister is also Minister for the Civil ServiceParliament has the following functions except__C____.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring war and making peaceD. examining the actions of the Government Easter is traditionally associated with the following except__C____.A. the resurrection of ChristB. the eating of Easter eggsC. the customs of giving presentsD. the coming of springThe Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the__A____centuries.A.l2th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16thThe sources of British law include _A____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutesIn criminal trials by jury, __A___ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury_D__ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown CourtAbout 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _D____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schoolsIn Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can ___A__ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at allIn the following rivers, __A___ has been called the American “old man river.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the OhioAmong the following rivers, __C___ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio GrandeD. the ColoradoAll the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except __C___.A.YaleB. HarvardC. StanfordD. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyThe nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in ___D__.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic StatesThe Midwest in America’s most important _A____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining industryThe first immigrants in American history came from _D___ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/NetherlandUncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _D____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slavesThe Declaration of Independence was drafted by __B___.A. James MadisonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George WashingtonOn July 4, 1776, __B___ adopted the Declaration of Independence.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional ConventionThe Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher __B___.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick DouglassThe United States produces a s much as much as half of the world’s __D___.A. wheat and riceB. cottonC. tobaccoD. soybeans and cornThe theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly from __D___. A. George Washington B. Thomas JeffersonC. John AdamsD. John LockeThe District of Brooklyn is in the city Of __C___.A. Washington D.C.B. San FranciscoC. New YorkD. ChicagoThe seats in the Senate are allocated to different states_D____.A. according to their populationB. according to their sizeC. according to their tax paid to federal governmentD. equallyThe capital of Massachusetts is __B___.A. ProvidenceB. BostonC. MontpelierD. Augusta__D__ is not a tourist attraction in the United States.A Yellowstone National ParkB Grand CanyonC St. Patrick’s CathedralD StonehengeHollywood, the centre of American movie industry, is closest to __A___?A Los AnglesB ChicagoC New YorkD WashingtonThe first Puritans came to America on the ship __C___.A CodpeedB Susan ConstantC May FlowerD Discovery“Trick or Treat” is a phrase that children often use when they celebrated _C___.A New Year’s DayB V eteran’s DayC HalloweenD ChristmasThe Judicial Branch is headed by __A___.A. the Supreme CourtB. CongressC. President D) SenateThe political system of the US is based on the following except _B____.A. federalismB. the constitutional monarchyC. the separation of powersD. respect for the constitutionThe US Federal Government is composed of the following except _B____.A. the legislativeB. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executiveThe number of Congressmen from each state varies depending on ___B__.A. the size of the areaB. the size of the populationC. the traditionD. the wealthThe tenure of office of federal judges is __B___ years long.A. 8B. for lifeC. 5 D) 4The Federal Government and the states governments are supposed to _C____ each other.A. guideB. controlC. keep independence from DIf the president wants to put a treaty into effect, he has to get the approval by two thirds of the __A___.A.SenateB. CabinetC. Congress D) ParliamentThe popular kind of family in America is _A____ family.A. nucleusB. looseC. largeD. blendAmericans like the following attitudes except __B___.A. informalityB. personal dignityC. equalityD. franknessE. consideration for othersDining customs include the following except __D___.A. being polite to ladiesB. not staying too long after dinnerC. being punctualD. using both handsThe characteristics of the American religion are the following except _D____.A. wide variety of denominationsB. emphasis on social problemsC. separation of church and stateD. unity among the churchesSometimes two couples go out together. This is known as __C___.A.steady datingB. casual datingC. double datingD. blind datingOnly the climate in the southern part of __A___ is tropical.A.FloridaB. GeorgiaC. Virginia D) West Virginia__A___ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”.A.PhiladelphiaB. PlymouthC. Boston D) New York CityThe world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake __A___.A.SuperiorB. OntarioC. Victoria D) Michigan__C___ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A.FloridaB. LouisianaC. Alaska D) TexsAbout half of the total population is concentrated in the following areas except __C___.A. Atlantic CoastB. Pacific CoastC. NorthwestD. around the Great LakesE. Gulf of MexicoDetroit is famous for the production of ___A__.A.automobileB. timberC. bamboo D) dairyThe city __D___ is given the nickname “the Big Apple”.A. BostonB. HoustonC. San Francisco D) New York CityAll the newspapers and magazines in America are ___B__ owned.A.publiclyB. privatelyC. locally D) jointlyBritain has a cold maritime climate. FThe Lake District is closely related with English literature in the 19th century TThe longest river in North America is the Missouri River. FOnly Lake Michigan is entirely within the U.S. TThe whole country of the U.S. is situated in the central part of North America. FThe headquarters of the United Nations is located in the city of Washington. FThe best-known English legend, King Arthur, derives from the Anglo-Saxons’ time.TThe real importance of the monarch is largely traditional and symbolic TLife peers are elected by the British people. FThe center of power of the U.K. has shifted from the monarch to the House of Lords. FThe U.K., like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which most countries have. F Common laws are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts. T Checks and balances is a system for limiting the powers of the House of Representatives.FThe president can appoint any federal judges as he wishes. FThe judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court, the Courts of Appeals and the district courts. TThe United States has two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Conservative Party. FWestminster Abbey is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Church. FTolerance and respect for others are central to the way of life in the U.K. TChristianity, Islam and Jewish are the three major religions in the world FIf you do volunteer work, you don’t need to pay tax in the U.S. FAt the age of 16, the students in Britain should continue their study. FThe grammar schools are the state schools. TEducation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America. TEaster Day is to celebrate Chr ist’s resurrection from the dead TThanksgiving was first celebrated in 1621. TWhat are the features of British climate?1. a maritime climate.2.Winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot.3.a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year.4.The temperature varies within a small range.What are the four principles of the US government?1. Sovereignty resides with the people2. Government has limited power3. Checks and Balances4. freedom of speechWhy is USA regarded as a melting pot?As immigrants from different regions and cultures came to live in the United States, their old ways of life melt away, and they became part of the American culture. The United States was thus compared to a big pot of soup that had bits of flavor from different cultures.How is the British central government structured?1. the monarch2. Parliament3. the cabinet。
英美概况复习题
英美概况复习题英美概况复习题一、地理概况英美两国位于北美洲，英国位于欧洲西北部，英国是英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家的联合王国，美国则是由50个州组成的联邦共和国。
英国是一个岛国，由大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰岛组成，美国则是一个大陆国家，横跨北美洲。
英国的首都是伦敦，美国的首都是华盛顿特区。
二、历史概况英国是一个历史悠久的国家，曾经是大英帝国的核心。
英国在16世纪经历了工业革命，成为世界上第一个工业化国家，对世界的政治、经济和文化产生了深远的影响。
美国则是一个相对较年轻的国家，于18世纪末脱离英国殖民地的统治，成立了独立的美利坚合众国。
美国在19世纪经历了西进运动和内战，逐渐成为世界上最强大的国家之一。
三、政治制度英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世，但实际上政府的运作主要由首相和议会负责。
英国的议会制度是二院制，由上议院和下议院组成。
美国则是一个总统制国家，国家元首和政府首脑是同一人，即总统。
美国的议会制度是两院制，由参议院和众议院组成。
四、经济概况英国是一个发达的资本主义经济体，以服务业为主导，金融、保险、房地产等行业发达。
英国是世界上最大的外汇市场之一，伦敦也是全球金融中心之一。
美国是世界上最大的经济体，以多元化的经济结构闻名，制造业、金融业、科技业等都非常发达。
美国的纽约、洛杉矶等城市也是世界级的金融中心和商业中心。
五、文化概况英国和美国都有丰富的文化遗产。
英国是莎士比亚的故乡，拥有众多文学巨匠，如狄更斯、奥斯卡·王尔德等。
英国的音乐、戏剧和电影产业也非常发达，披头士乐队、皇后乐队等都是英国的文化符号。
美国是好莱坞的发源地，拥有世界上最大的电影产业。
美国的音乐、文学和艺术也非常丰富多样，爵士乐、摇滚乐、现代艺术等都是美国的文化瑰宝。
六、教育体系英国和美国都拥有世界一流的教育体系。
英国的剑桥大学、牛津大学等享有盛誉，被认为是世界上最好的大学之一。
美国的哈佛大学、斯坦福大学等也是世界顶尖的教育机构。
英美概况上期末复习
英美概况期末复习一、名词解释1、Prime Minister 首相The Prime Minister is the number-one minister of all the British ministers. After a general election, the leader of the party that has won the majority of the seats in the House of Commons will be appointed Prime Minister by the monarch. The Prime Minister is the head of the British Government and is rather powerful in making appointments. The Prime Minister not only controls the Cabinet but also the Parliament2、British Parliament 英国议会The British Parliament comprises 3 elements——the Monarch, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. In law, the Monarch is the official head of the Parliament; the two House are separate and equal. In reality, the Monarch is nothing but the symbolic part, the real power in passing laws is held mainly by the House of Commons. The British Parliament has the supreme legislative authority in the United Kingdom.3、The Speaker 议长The chief officer of the House of Commons is the Speaker, who is also known as the president of the Chamber. The Speaker is elected by the House of Commons, but normally only after the party leaders have privately agreed beforehand on a particular person. Once elected, he can hold the position until his retirement when he will be made a peer. Though he may belong to one of the political parties, the Speaker has to give up all party loyalties. He is next only to the Prime Minister in rank. The Speaker never votes except when the votes are equal. Then he gives the deciding vote.4、Question Time 质询时间Every day when the Commons meets, they begin their meeting with a “Question Time,”which is an hour of parliamentary time after prayers and some preliminaries. During the “Question Time”ministers, in rotation, answer questions put to them on matters for which they are responsible. The questions are put forward by MPs and usually handed in beforehand.After the “Question Time” follows the main debate of the day.5、The “Three Readings”三独The process of passing it is similar in both of the Houses. According to a long-established practice, it must have three “reading s”. In the Commons, it has the “first reading”on introduction announcing its coming forward. After a debate on its general principles and merits, it receives the “second reading”. At the end of the debate on the “second reading”, a vote is taken. Next the bill receives the “third reading”.6、Jury 陪审团A Jury is a body of responsible, impartial citizens who are called to hear evidence in a lawcourt and bound under oath to give an honest answer based on the evidence to question put before them. A Jury normally comprises 12 jurors, but in Scotland it consists of 15 people. In the United Kingdom all people between the ages of 18 and 65 or 70 whose names are on the electoral register can be chosen to serve on a jury except the ineligible. Their names are chosen by lot. Those who are chosen cannot refuse jury service. The jury decides whether the defendant is guilty or not in jury trials.7、By—elections 递补选举When an MP dies or resigns, or becomes a peer, his seat in the House of Commons is vacant.Then a by—election is held to fill the vacancy. A by—election is a local election. It is usually regarded as a test of national opinion in the period between general elections.8、Public Schools 公立大学“Public schools”, the best—known of the independent schools in Great Britain, are secondary boarding schools preparing students academically for higher education, typically at Oxford or Cambridge University and ultimately for leadership in English life.9、The “Eleven Plus”Before 1965, after having finished their primary school education, pupils had to take a traditional selection test for entry to different types of secondary schools. It became known as the “Eleven Plus” for most children entered secondary schools shortly after their 11th birthday.Those who had got high marks went to grammar schools, and the rest, by far the majority, went to technical or secondary modern schools.10、The College System 学院制The administration of the university is the responsibility taken by their own governing councils. The universities decide the matters such as the prescription of syllabi, the arrangement of lectures, the conduct of examinations, and the award of degrees but the colleges are fairly independent. They are controlled by their own governing bodies, and all the colleges are parallel and equal institutions. By this college system, all students live in college during at least part of their course.11、The Tutorial System 导师制The tutorial system is a system of individual tuition which is organized by the college. It is a way of teaching in these two universities. By this tutorial system, each student gets personal tuition once a week in his tutor’s own room. This, with a weekly programme of private study is considered so important that students are not even compelled to attend general lectures.Students are free to choose the lectures they like. Any one from any college may attend the university lectures.12、The Redbrick Universities 红砖大学The redbrick universities refer to all universities founded between 1850and 1930. They were called “redbrick” because that was the favourite building material of the time. The University of London and Durham University included in this group.13、The Open University 开放大学The Open University was founded in 1969. It is a major innovation in the academic world providing a second chance for those who missed the opportunity for higher education at the age of 18 or thereabouts. The Open University offers tuition to degree standard to anyone who chooses to register. Unlike students in the other universities, they pay no boarding fees for the live at home. After the end of their studies they take an examination. The successful students are granted a university degree.14、The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 英国广播公司The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a state—owned corporation. As a public service body, the present BBC was incorporated by the Royal Charter inn 1927 replacing the then British Broadcasting Corporation, a consortium of receiving equipment manufacturers established in 1992 to provide radio broadcasting service on a regular basis. The BBC’s regular television broadcasting service began in 1936. From 1927 to 1955 the BBC remaineda monopoly of radio broadcasting, and later television broadcasting in Great Britain. Now, theBBC controls five national radio services, 37 local radio stations and 2 national television channels.15、Union Jack/Union Flag 英国国旗Union Jack/Union Flag is the national banner of the United Kingdom. It contains three crosses: St. George’s Cross, standing for the English people; St. Andrew’s Cross, representing the Scottish people; and St. Patrick’s Cross, for the Irish people. The first design was created in the 13th century, the ultimate design was settled in 1801.16、John Bull约翰牛（特指英国或者英国人）John Bull is the nickname of the United Kingdom. It is a household word in Britain. It represents English people. The name came from a book The History of John Bull by a Scottish. Now John Bull is regarded as a “jovial, honest, solid and foursquare” farmer.17、British Isles不列颠群岛British Isles is a geographical term. It refers to an area including the two big islands, Great Britain and Ireland and many small islands between them and around them. Two countries are located there: Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland.18、Old English 古英语Old English is also known as Anglo--Saxon. It is the term given to the language in its earliest written stage dating from 700 to 1150.Old English is a blend of German dialects spoken by the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes. It is different from Modern English in phonology, morphology, spelling conventions, and syntax.19、Middle English 中世纪英语The time: Middle English covered the time span from 1150 to 1500.The importance: The Middle English era was the era in which Britain broke the firm control of the Normans and became independent from France.The features of Middle English: It underwent greater changes than both Old English and Modern English A). The long bilingual phase in English history had exerted a profound effect on the structure of English, indirectly in its morphology and syntactic practice; and directly in its vocabulary. B) The great changes in this era made English become an analytic language instead of a synthetic one. C) Standard Pronunciation took shape by the end of the 14th century.20、The Established ChurchesThe Established Churches are the churches which are “legally recognized as official churches of the state”. There are two established churches---the Church of England and the Church of Scotland.21、The Church of EnglandThe Church of England is also called the Anglican Church. It is the national church of England.The Church of England has two provinces. Each province comprises some dioceses.A diocese is composed of many deaneries. A deanery is subdivided into manyparishes.Though the Church of England is a national church, it is not financed by the state.The Church supports itself financially. It has its own properties, stocks and shares, and it receives endowment.The Church of England is Protestant in nature.22、The Church of ScotlandIn Scotland, the established church is the Church of Scotland. It derived its status as the national church from The Treaty of Union 1707.The government and nature of the Church.It is Presbyterian in church government and Calvinist (a branch of Protestantism) innature.The central governing body is the General Assembly, in which the monarch is represented by the Lord High commissioner. Below the General Assembly is the Court of the Synod, then comes the Court of presbytery, and finally the Kirk Session.23、The Free Churches 自由教会Generally, The Free Churches refer to the non—conformist churches in England. The members of the Free churches are the “dissenters” as they are originally called. After the reformation in the 16th century, many Protestants separated from the Church of England (because they thought that the Church of England had not completely ridded of itself of the rules and practices of the Church of Rome.) and threw away all the Roman rules and formed the free churches of their own. Now in the Free Churches there are no archbishops and bishops and the churches are bare, and services are simple.24、British Cabinet 英国公民British Cabinet is a committee of important ministers, departmental or non-departmental. It came into being in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. And it emerged out of the Privy Council when the body grew to large for effective discussion. The Cabinet today is composed of about 20 ministers headed by the Prime Minister. But the number of the members is not fixed. In time of emergency or in the war time, the Cabinet is usually small in order to make decisions effectively.二、填空1、The official name of Great Britain is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and NorthernIreland .2、The Union Flag is composed of 3 （St. George’s Cross、St. Andrew’s Cross、St. Patrick’sCross） crosses.3、The national song in Britain is God Save the Queen(King) .4、Of all four parts in Britain, England is largest in area.5、The Republic of Ireland is the only land neighbour to Great Britain.6、The British Isles is composed of two big islands: Great Britain and Ireland.7、In topography, traditionally, Great Britain is divided into two parts: a Highland Zone anda Lowland Zone.8、The Pennines is called Backbone of England .9、There live ____4____peoples in Britain.10、The pre-Celts were the Iberians and Beaker Folk .11、Apart from English, Welsh and Gaelic are spoken in Britain.12、The English language belongs to the Germanic branch of Indo—European languagefamily.13、English is one of the even smaller divisions of Low West Germanic and it is descended fromOld English .14、Modern English is mainly the marriage of Anglo—Saxon and Norman-French .15、Old English is also known as Anglo-Saxon .16、It is in the stage of Middle English that English became an analytic language insteadof a synthetic one.17、Johnson’s A Dictionary of the English Language is taken as the first English dictionary.18、Today, English is the closest thing to a “lingua franca”, an international language.19、In the year 597 , St. Augustine was sent by Pope Gregory I to spread Christianity inEngland.20、There are two established churches in Britain ---the Church of England and the Church ofScotland .21、The Church of England is Protestant in nature.22、The Church of Scotland is Presbyterian in church government and Calvinist indoctrine.23、The British government is usually called Her Majesty’s Government .24、The British Prime Minister lives and works in Number 10 Downing Street .25、The tenure of office for the British Prime Minister is 5 years .26、The British Cabinet emerged out of the Privy Council .27、The present monarch in Britain is Queen ElizabethⅡ.28、The official birthday of the Queen Elizabeth is celebrated on Thursday of the secondweek in June .29、The British Parliament I composed of 3 elements.30、The life of British Parliament lasts 5 years,31、The life of the British Parliament is divided into sessions .32、The British parliament is the “Mother of Parliaments”and it is the oldest Parliament.33、The House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal.34、The House of Lords is presides over by the Lord Speaker .35、The head of Lower House in Britain is the Speaker .36、The head of the British central government is The Prime Minister .37、The head of state in Britain is the monarch .38、The two major political parties in Britain are the Conservative Party and the LabourParty.39、The Conservative Party developed from the Independent Labour Party .40、The Labour Party is the successor of the Tories .41、The general election in Britain is held every 5 years.42、In each constituency a suitable person is appointed as a Returning officer , an officialin charge of a parliamentary election.43、After general election in Britain the party in opposition forms a Shadow Cabinet .三、问答题1、What’ the official name of Britain?The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2、How many popular names do you know about the country?3. England、Great Britain、Britain3、How much do you know about the British Isles?It is a geographical term. It refers to an area including the two big islands, Great Britain and Ireland and many small islands between them and around them. Two countries are located there: Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland.4、What is the national song of Britain?God Save the Queen/God Save the King5、How many parts does Britain contain? 4. England、Scotland、Wales、Northern Ireland6、What is the only land neighbour of Britain? The Republic of Ireland7、Name the surrounding waters of Britain?the east: the North Sea; the south: the English Channel;the north: the Atlantic Ocean; the west: the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean8、What kind of climate does Britain have?the prevailing south-westerly wind，the numerous inlets in the western coasts9、What are the features of English weather? changeable、rainy、foggy、windy10、Where is the population in Britain concentrated?England11、Why do we say Britain is a highly urbanized nation?96 percent of the total population in Britain live in cities and towns. Only 4 percent live inrural areas. That makes Britain an urbanized nation.12、How many peoples are there in Britain? What are they? Who are the majorities and whoare the minorities?4 peoples. The English、The Scots、The Welsh、The IrishThe English is the majority；The Scots，The Welsh and The Irish are the minorities.13、Who are the ancestors of the Welsh? Who are the ancestors of the Scots? Who are theancestors of the Irish? And who are the ancestors of the English?the Brythons、the Gaels、the Gaels、Anglo—Saxons, the Normans and other races.14、What’s the official language spoken in Britain? English15、What other languages are spoken in Britain besides English? Welsh and Gaelic16、What is the origin of English language?The English language belongs to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.English is one of the even smaller division of Low West Germanic and is descended from Old English.17、Who and when for the first time came to Britain and spread Christianity?In 597，St. Augustine.18、Where did he choose to spread Christianity? Canterbury19、What are established churches?The Established Churches are the churches which are “legally recognized as official churches of the state”.20、How many established churches are there in Britain? And what are they?2The Church of England and the Church of Scotland21、Who are the spiritual leaders of the Church of England?the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Archbishop of York22、What is the relation between the Monarch and the Church of England?By law, the Monarch (Sovereign) is the supreme head of the Church of England. He is the temporal leader of the Church.23、What is the nature of the Church of England?The Church of England is Protestant in nature. Its doctrine, services and prayers are set in the Thirty—Nine Articles and The Books of Common Prayer. In addition, there are differences between the High Church and the Low Church.24、What is the nature of the Church of Scotland?It is Calvinist (a branch of Protestantism) in nature.25、What are major Free Churches in Britain?the Methodist Church、the United Reformed Church、the Baptist Church、the Quakers and the Salvation Army.26、By whom is the Roman Catholic Church headed in Britain? The Roman Pope27、Who is the head of state in Britain? The monarch28、Who is the head of the British central government? The Prime Minister29、Where does the British Prime Minister live and work? Number 10 Downing Street30、How long is the tenure of office for the British Prime Minister? 5 years31、Who is the present monarch in Britain? Queen ElizabethⅡ32、When is the national day in Britain? Thursday of the second week in June.33、What elements is the British Parliament composed of ?The Monarch, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.34、What is the major function of a jury in Britain?The jury decides whether the defendant is guilty or not in jury trials.35、What are the two major political parties now in Britain ?The Conservative Party and the Labour Party.36、What is the electoral method in Britain ?The electoral method is the first-past-post method or simply the majority method.37、How many British national dailies do you know?The Times、The Guardian、Financial Times、The Daily Telegraph、The IndependentDaily Express、Daily Mail、Daily Star、Morning Star、Daily Mirror、The Sun、Today 38、How many British national Sundays do you know?The observer、Sunday Telegraph、The Sunday Times、The Independent on Sunday、The Mail on Sunday、News of the World、Sunday Express、Sunday Mirror、The People、Sunday Sport39、How many famous British magazines do you know?Classification、The Economist、The Spectator40、Of all news agencies in Britain, which one is the most influential? Reuters。
(完整word版)英美国家概况复习资料(word文档良心出品)
英美国家概况期末复习考试题型说明: 10个简答题和5个论述题。
一．简答题1.Wha.i.th.ful.nam.o.th.U.K.?The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.ponent.o.th.Britis.Parliament?They are the House of Commons and the House of Lords.3.Wh.di.Britai.cooperat.closel.wit.th.Unite.State.afte.Worl.Wa.Ⅱ.Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.mons?The three functions are : to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.plet.academi.freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.6.Wha.ar.th.thre.categorie.o.Shakespeare’.play.an.thei.representatives?Shakespeare’edie.i nclud..Midsumme.Night’.Dream.Th.Merchan.o.Venice.A.Yo.Lik.I.an.Twelft.Night.Hi.majo.historica.play.includ.Richar.III.Henr.I.an.Anton.an.Cleopatra.Hi.grea.tragedie.ar.represente.b.Hamlet.Othello.Kin.Lear.Macbeth.an.Rome.an.Juliet.7.Wha.wer.Nixon'.well-know.contribution.durin.hi.presidency?Nixon made three well-known contributions:a) brought the Vietnam War to a close;b.reestablishin.U.S.relation.wit.China;c) negotiating the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty with the former Soviet Union.8.Wha.ar.th.tw.characteristic.o.th.U.S.Constitution?On.i."chec.an.balances".ernment.ar.specified.9.说出三个英国的节日Christmas, Easter and "Trooping the color"二. 论述题1.Wha.ar.th.characteristic.o.Englis.literatur.i.th.20t.century?Englis.literatur.i.th.20t.centur.ca.b.roughl.divide.int.tw.periods.Modernis.an.Postmodernism.Modernis.pre .o.innov ativ.form.o.expression.Modernis.writin.seem.unorganized.har.t.understand.I.ofte.portray.th.actio.for.th.view poin.o..singl.confuse.individual.rathe.tha.fro.th.viewpoin.o.all-knowing.impersona.narrato..Afte.Worl.Wa.II.postmodernis.begins.Postmodernis.differ.i.som.way.fro.Modernism.Modernism.fo.example.tend.t.presen..fra mente.a..loss.Pos men.th.ide.o.fragmentatio.bu.rathe.celebrate.i..Modernist.loo.fo.burie.meanin.belo.confusin.surfaces.whil.postmodernist.abando.tha.search.However.ther.ar.stil.man.postwa.writer.wh.continu.traditi ona.themes.2.Wh.i.th.Unite.State.regarde.a.."meltin.pot.an.."salad"?Th.Unite.State."i.no.merel..natio.bu..natio.o.nations".Th.immigrant.cam.i.waves.includin.th.Europeans.th.A ns.Therefore.Americ.wa.describe.a.."bin e.int.on.culture.Recently.American.hav.bee.calle.."salad.i.tha.peopl.o.differen.race.an.ethni.group.mi.harmoni ousl.bu.a.th.sam.tim.kee.thei.distinc.cultur.an.custom.3.Wha.wa.th.caus.o.th.America.Civi.War?(可能该题考简答)Th.issu.o.slaver.wa.th.focu.o.America.politics.economic.an.cultura.lif.b.th.mid-19t.century.Th.souther.plant borer.t.manag.thei.plantation.an.the.regarde.th.blac.slave.a.thei.property.I.th.North bor.What'.pro ernmen.t.financ.th.buildin.o.railway.an.roads.bu.th.Southerner.wer.strongl.agains.i.an.advocate.fre.trad.s.tha.the.coul.purchas.cheape.good.fro.foreig.countries.Th.accumulatin.conflict.le.t.th.divisio.o.th.Nort.an.th.Sout.an.finall.th.Civi.War.4.Ho.i..Presiden.vote.int.offic.i.America.Wha.ar.you.idea.abou.th.America.election?..Eac.part.hold.it.nationa.conventio.ever.fou.year.t.choos..candidat.fo.th.presidency.T.wi..presidentia.election..c lion.o.dollars.trave.al.ove.th.countr.t.mak.speeches.an.debat.o.televisio.wit.th.rival.Th.gen era.electio.i.technicall.divide.int.tw.stages.Durin.th.firs.stage.presidentia.elector.fo.eac.stat.wil.b.chosen.I.th.sec on.stag.th.elector.mee.an.vot..President.Sinc.th.secon.stag.i.onl..kin.o.formality.everyon.know.wh.wil.b.th.nex.P residen.a.soo.a.th.firs.stag.i.over..thin.th.candidate.spen.to.muc.mone.o.th.electora.campaign.However.th.electio.ca.no.solv.th.socia.an.economi. problem.a.som.candidate.d.no.kee.thei.wor.afte.the.becom.President..groundwor.fo.America'.economi.development?Th.U.S.Constitution.a.a.economi.charter.establishe.tha.th.entir.nation.wa..unifie.o."common.market.Ther.merc.wit.foreig.ws.creat.mone.an.regulat.it.value.fi.standard.o.weight.a s.mentione.claus.wa.a.e arl.recognitio.o.th.importanc.o."intellectua.property"..matte.tha.bega.assumin.grea.importanc.i.trad.negotia t.20t.century.6.Wha.ar.th.characteristic.o.America.writin.durin.th.Romanti.period?Durin.th.Romanti.period.mos.o.th.America.writing.place.a.increasin.emphasi.o.th.fre.expressio.o.emotions.an.th e.displaye.a.increasin.attentio.t.th.psychi.stat.o.thei.characters.The.celebrate.America’.landscap.wit.it.virgi.for ests.meadows.endles.prairies.stream.an.vas.oceans.Th.Romanti.writer.ha..stron.tendenc.t.exal.th.individua.an.th .commo.man.。
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1. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland）.2.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
3.盎格鲁—萨克逊时代（奠定了英国的基础）4.英国最著名大学的是牛津和剑桥。
5.英国两党：辉格党人和托利党人，这两个政党名称皆起源于1688年的光荣革命。
辉格党人是指那些反对绝对王权，支持新教徒宗教自由权利的人。
辉格党人在19世纪中叶与持不同意见的托利党人组成联盟，建立自由党。
托利党人是指那些支持世袭王权、不愿去除国王的人。
托利党是保守党的前身。
6.英国的君主体制是以君主立宪闻名的。
君主政体实际已无实权。
它的权力受限于法律和议会。
君主立宪制是从1688年的光荣革命后开始。
7.英国是中央集权国家，而不是联邦制国家。
议会由君主，上议院和下议院组成。
8.英国的首脑是国王或女王。
9.严肃报纸面向那些想全面了解社会事物各方面信息的读者。
英国共有5家严肃日报（《金融时报》、《每日电讯报》、《卫报》、《独立报》、《泰晤士报》）和4家严肃周日报（《星期日电讯报》、《星期日独立报》、《观察家》、《星期日泰晤士报》）10.The BBC(the British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司) BBC是英国最大的和独立的广播公司。
11.VOA——Voice Of America，美国之音。
作为世界上最大的新闻广播机构之一，服务于美国政府,。
12.最早的美国人是印第安人13.清教徒和身为手艺人或农夫的清教徒前辈不同，他们富有，是受过良好教育的绅士。
清教徒不允许异教存在。
14.足球（口语叫”soccer”）,在英格兰和欧洲是最受欢迎的运动，其传统老家在英格兰。
15.板球，是英国人最典型的体育运动，自从16世纪以来已存在。
国际比赛是为期5天的康希尔决赛。
16.高尔夫球的故里是苏格兰，自从17世纪以来这项运动就在那儿盛行。
17.英国人喜欢各种各样的音乐，包括古典音乐，摇滚和流行音乐，爵士乐，民间音乐和轻音乐。
20世纪60年代，一种新的流行文化—披头士，出现在英国的利物浦。
这是由一群年轻人组成的乐队叫披头士乐队，又称甲壳虫乐队。
18.移民是人口增长的一个主要原因。
到目前80%-90%的移民来自亚洲和西班牙语国家。
美国历史上最早的移民来自于英格兰和荷兰。
人口迁徙在美国很普遍。
19.美国最大的少数人种是黑人，占人口的12.1%；1619年最早的人人作为奴隶被运至美国。
20.美国经济存在的问题：失业，通货膨胀和财政赤字。
百年战争及其结果百年战争指1337年到1453年英法之间一场断断续续的战争，战争的起因既有领土因素又有经济因素。
领土起因尤其是英国国王占领了法国的阿基坦大片公爵领地，这是战争的根源，随着法国国王势力日增，他们渴望占领这片土地。
经济原因则与弗兰德斯城有关。
弗兰德斯地区生产棉布的城镇是英国羊毛的主要进口商，但这些城镇在政治上却效忠法国国王。
其他原因还有英国试图阻止法国对苏格兰人的援助，并且压制不断增强的民族意识。
战争的结果：把英国人赶出法国对两个国家都是幸事：若英国人继续留在法国，那么法国人在领土和财富上所占的优势必然会阻碍独立的英国的发展；而在英国占领大量法国领土的情况下，法国也很难统一。
黑死病黑死病是指由鼠疫蚤传播的致命的淋巴腺鼠疫，是一种流行疾病，在14世纪传播了到欧洲。
1348年夏天横扫全英国。
英国的人口在14世纪末从400万锐减至200万。
黑死病对经济造成的后果更为深远。
鼠疫导致了大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏。
地主想把耕地变为人力需求较少的牧场。
存活的农民处于有利的讨价还价地位，从农奴变为雇佣劳动力。
于是一些支付不起或不愿意支付较高工资的地主想方设法迫使农民重返农奴地位。
1351年政府颁布“劳工法令”，规定农民们涨工资的要求，或者是雇主支付比地方官制订的工资水平要高的工资都是犯罪。
玫瑰战争玫瑰战争是指，从1455年到1485年，以红玫瑰为象征的兰开斯特大家族和以白玫瑰为象征的约克家族之间战争的普遍接受的名称。
1485年，兰开斯特家族的后代亨利都铎取得了博斯沃恩战役的胜利，建立了都铎王朝。
这些战争使英国的封建主义受到致命打击，贵族阶层受到了削弱。
英国文艺复兴的特点英国文艺复兴的五个特点：1）英国文化的复兴直接受古典作品影响不大，更大的影响来自于受古典作品熏陶的当代欧洲人；2）由于英国是一个岛国家，其社会和政治历史进程与欧洲其他国家相去甚远；3）由于14世纪伟大的天才诗人乔叟的出现，英国本国文学得以蓬勃发展，能够在吸收外国文学影响的同时，并未处于从属地位；4）英国文艺复兴文学主要是文艺方面而不是哲学的和学术方面；5）文艺复兴和英格兰的宗教改革正好同步。
英国工业革命及其结果工业革命指的是17世纪末、18世纪初英国工业的机械化，以及因此而导致的社会结构和经济结构的变化。
（1）英国在1830年成为了“世界工场”；（2）城镇迅速兴起，成为国家财富的源泉。
（3）机械化摧毁了无法投入其中的人们的生活。
工人们在极其恶劣的条件下劳动与生活。
（4）工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。
后来形成了工会制度。
撒切尔主义1979年玛格丽特.撒切尔成为英国第一任女首相。
她提出的政策被为“撒切尔主义”。
其内容包括国有工业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市场因素在经济中的作用，强调法律和秩序。
在一定程度上讲，她的计划是成功的。
她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期之一。
1990年她辞职。
英国议会的主要作用议会的主要作用是：（1）通过立法；（2）投票批准税为政府工作提供资金；（3）检查政府政策和行政管理，包括拨款提议；（4）当天的议题辩论。
英国主要节假日1.Christian festivals 基督教节日其主要的节日有圣诞节，复活节，圣灵降临节圣诞节，12.25，纪念耶稣的诞生，是最盛大的基督教节日。
复活节是庆祝基督的复活。
复活节有吃复活节彩蛋的习惯。
圣灵节是庆祝基督去世7周后，重新降临到他的使徒们中间，在复活节后第7个周日。
2.Other festivals 其他节日Britain’s other festivals include New Year’s Day, Gy Fawkes Day (篝火节), April Fools Day（愚人节）, Mother’s Day and the Re membrance Day (Armistice Day)罗斯福新政罗斯福于1932年成为美国总统，他能准确辨别什么是现实的或可行的。
他是一个伟大的交际者，能够和各界人事谈的来。
他通过无线电播出的“炉边谈话”拥有数百万的听众。
新政：建立和加强政府对银行的管理和控制；联邦政府对救济进行管理，建立社会救济保障体系；刺激工，农业的复苏；通过劳工法；改善少数民族和某些宗教团体成员的状况。
这些措施的目的是“拯救美国的民主”，帮助美国克服了当时资本主义所经历的最严重的经济危机。
女王的地位作用女王是国家的象征。
从法律上讲，她是行政首脑，立法机构的组成部分，司法首脑，全国武装部队总司令，英国国教“至高无上”的领袖。
她任命首相和重要的政府官员。
对议会通过的法案给予御准。
诺曼征服及其产生的影响1066年的诺曼征服也许是英国历史上的最著名事件。
征服者威廉几乎没收了所有土地，将其分发给他的诺曼追随者。
他用强有力的诺曼政府代替了软弱的萨克逊政府。
于是，封建制度在英国完全建立。
开放了与欧洲大陆的关系，文明和商业得到发展，引进了诺曼—法兰西文化、语言、行为规范和建筑艺术。
教会与罗马的联系更为密切，教会法庭与民事法庭分离。
美国参议院和众议院的主要权利众议院权利：1.立法；2.征税法案；3.指控官员，包括总统。
参议院权利：1.立法除税收还有一些权利；2.批准或否决总统任命的高级官员及外交条约；3.领导人是副总统。
总统的权利：1.总统是行政部门的首脑；2.国家元首；3.立法权；4.负责美国与其他国家的关系；5.被国会通过法案签署成为法律；6.委任政府官员；7.司法权力；8.总司令；9.任期不超过2届。
亚伯拉罕. 林肯:当林肯成为美国总统后，1861.4.12爆发战争，他意识到可以把战争变为反奴隶的正义战争，从而获得国内外对联邦的支持。
所以他颁布了著名的《解放宣言》。
这样英法各国站到了联邦一边，许多黑奴加入了联邦军。
美国经济快速增长的几个因素：1.美国的地理位置为国家的发展壮大提供了良好的条件；2.美国有幸是一块矿产资源丰富、土壤肥沃的陆地，气候温和；3.拥有足够的劳动力以满足不断发展的经济增长；4.这些劳动力的质量。
美国拥有技术高和能动性好的劳动力大军。
美国大学及其特点哈佛，耶鲁，普林斯顿，哥伦比亚，麻省理工学院，斯坦福，伯克利。
大学的入学体系：入学的普遍标准包括中学的顺利毕业，GPA，班级名次，标准化测验的成绩就像SAT和ACTP。
但是一些大学也实行开放式入学：他们允许所有中学毕业生或所有本州的所有居民。
进步运动进步运动出现在20世纪初，是一场要求政府调控经济和社会生活条件的运动—社会领域：改善城市贫民的居住条件，禁止使用童工，政治领域：改革市政府和州政府，经济领域：调控大型企业。
血腥玛丽血腥玛丽的原型为玛丽一世，英格兰和爱尔兰女王。
她是都铎王朝的第四任君主，极其虔诚的天主教徒。
她的主要事迹是曾经努力把英国从新教恢复到罗马天主教(1555年）。
为此，她曾处决了差不多三百个反对者。
而被称为“血腥玛丽”(Bloody Mary)。
光荣革命1685年查尔斯二世去世，由其弟詹姆斯二世继位。
詹姆斯二世从小在欧洲流亡长大，是个天主教徒，他希望不放弃个人宗教信仰统治国家。
但是1688的英国已不象40年前那样能容忍天主教徒当国王了。
英国政客反对詹姆斯二世，他们呼吁信奉新教的国王，奥兰治亲王威谦入侵英国夺取王位。
1688年11月15日威廉在托尔比登陆并占领伦敦。
这一占领相对平静，既未流血也未处死国王，所以就称为“光荣革命”。