英语基数词和序数词专题
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数词
一、基数词和序数词(cardinal and ordinal numbers): 基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。
1. 基数词
(1)1-12 特殊记; 13-19 要加-teen;几十-ty做结尾;几十几更易记。(2)注意13 thirteen, 15 fifteen, 18 eighteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty的书写。
(3)hundred 百, thousand 千,million 百万, billion十亿的用法相似e.g.
Hundred: one/ two/several hundred;hundreds of …成百上千…
2. 序数词:
(1)基数词变序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,结尾加上-th;一、二、三特数记;八去t,九去e;-ve要用-f替;单词-ty做结尾,变-y 为i,再加-eth.
(2)注意1 first, 2second , 3third, 5 fifth, 8 eighth, 9 ninth的拼写。
二、分数、小数、百分数(fracctions、Decimals、Percentage)
1.分数:
分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,中间的连字号可用不可用。当分子大于1时,作分母的序数词用复数形式。e.g.
二分之一a/one-half 三分之一a/one third
四分之一a/one-fourth 二又五分之一two and one-fifth
2.小数:
读法:在小数点后,我们单独读出每个数字。小数点读作point。
小数点中的零读作zero, nought或o/ / e.g.
.3 point three 7.145 seven point one four five
36.36 thirty-six point three six
3. 百分数
百分数用基数词或小数与百分号两部分构成。e.g.
20% twenty percent 47% forty-seven percent
30.45% thirty point four five percent
三、日期和年份的表示(date and year)
on May 27 读作:On May (the) twenty-seventh
on 27th May 读作:On the twenty-seventh of May
in 1993 读作:in nineteen thirty-three
in 20ll 读作:in two thousand and eleven
四、时间和钟点表示:
7:15 读作seven fifteen / a quarter past seven
5:30 读作five thirty/half past five
6:55 读作six fifty-five /five(minutes) to seven
9:10 读作nine ten a.m.
at 8:00 读作at eight 或at eight o’clock
五、年龄表示:
1. 基数词+表示年龄单位的词+old, 口语中常可省略years old. e.g.
The girl is only three (years old.)
2. age(名词或动词) She was then forty years of age. /she was then
aged forty(years).
“at the age of +基数词”表示“在…岁时”,通常作状语。e.g. Julie can swim at the age of eight.
3.“基数词-year-old”的复合形容词,意为“…岁的”,一般作定语修饰名词。e.g.
Sandy is a six-year-old child.
4. in one’s +整十基数词的复数形式:这一结构表示“在某人几十多岁时“。e.g.
My grandfathr died in his nineties.
teens 表示“十多岁”(13-19岁)。e.g.
The boy was in his teens. 这男孩只有十多岁。
He is not yet out of his teens. 他还不满20岁。
六、数学运算表达(Arithmetic Expressuib )
Add 3 and 9. 3 plus 9 equals/is 13
Subtract 3 from 9. 9 minus 3 equals/is 6.
Multiply 3 by 9. 3 multiplied by 9 equals/is 9
Divide 9 by 3 9 divided by 3 equals/is 3.
+plus(介词)/-minus (介词) / ×multiplied(形容词性质的过去分词) /÷ divided (形容词性质的过去分词)
+add(动词)/-subtract(动词) / ×multiply(动词) /÷ divide(动词) 【易错点提示】
1. 分数和百分数做主语时,谓语的单复数取决其后面of结构中的名
词。注意区别下面两句话:
Two thirds of the apple has gone bad.
Two thirds of the apples have gone bad.
2. 基数词可以用在有连字符的合成形容词中,注意其中的名词前无冠词。e.g.
a two-day holiday=two days’ holiday
a ten-minute walk=ten minutes’ walk
有连词符的复合形容词在剧中只能充当定语,不能作表语。
3. 在20世纪30年代:in the 1930s
在30年代:in the 30s
在某人30几岁时:in one’s thirties
4. 注意下面的不同表达方式:
Lesson Twelve = the Twelfth Lesson
Gate Five= The Fifth Gate
Class one/Grade(Two)two=the ninth grade/ page nine/ Room 401/Channel Eight
5. 序数词在表示地名时的用法:Fifth Avenue (序数词前无冠词)
6. 序数词用在奖项前面的用法:win first prize (序数词前无冠词)
7. 序数词表示在原来数字的基础上的“再、又”的用法:
I have had two cakes. I want to have a third one.
8. 一次:once 两次:twice 三次: three times
9. 倍数的表达: