初一英语语法知识点汇总
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语法专项复习一
(一)一般现在时
1. 一般现在时的含义⑴表示现在的状态⑵表示经常或习惯性的动作⑶表示主语具备的性格和能力。
2. 一般现在时的谓语构成
⑴动词be
肯定式I am… 否定式I am not…
You/We/They are… You/We/They aren’t…
She/He/It is… She/He/It isn’t…
疑问式和简略回答
Am I…?Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are you…? Yes, I am/we are.No, I am not/we aren’t.
Are we/they…? Yes, we/they are. No, we/they aren’t.
⑵动词do
肯定式I/We/You/They+动词原形+其他成分
She/He/It+动词第三人称单数形式+其他成分
否定式I/We/You/They don’t+动词原形+其他成分
She/He/It doesn’t +动词原形+其他成分
疑问式和简略回答
Do I/you/we/they+动词原形+其他成分
Yes, I/you/we/they do. No, I/you/we/they don’t.
Does she/he/it +动词原形+其他成分
Yes, she/he/it does. No, she/he/it doesn’t.
⑶一般现在时第三人称单数的构成
规则变化
一般情况下直接+s work-works ask-asks see-sees
以s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾+es watch-watches go-goes do-does wash-washes 以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加es try-tries study-studies fly-flies
不规则变化have-has
练一练
1. 给出下列单词的第三人称单数形式
play go hurry teach buy see
wash walk miss watch come say
2. 用所给动词的适当形式完成短文
It’s Ted’s first day at school in Shanghai. The teacher _____(take) him to the classroom. The students_____ (ask) him, “_____(do) you speak English or Chinese?” He _____ (say), “Both. My father is an Englishman and my mother is a Chinese woman.” Ted ______ (like)his new classmates. After school, he _____(say) to his parents, I_____ (love) my new school, teacher and classmates.
(二)句子种类
(1)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述看法。She is at home. 她在家。
He speaks English. 他讲英语。
2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种:a. 一般疑问句(General Questions):
Is this your pencil? 这是你的铅笔吗?
b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions):
Where do you live? 你住哪儿?
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?
c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):
Do you like tea or juice?
你是要茶还是果汁?
d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):
He knows her, doesn’t he?
他认识她,对不对?
3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:
Sit down, please. 请坐。
Let’s go home! 让我们回家吧!
4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:
What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!
(2)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:
1)主+ 动(SV)例如:
I work. 我工作。
2)主+ 动+ 表(SVP)例如:
John is a teacher. 约翰是教师。
3)主+ 动+ 宾(SVO)例如:
She studies English. 她学英语。
4)主+ 动+ 宾+ 补(SVOC)例如:
We think the job easy. 我们认为这个工作简单。
5)主+ 动+ 间宾+ 直宾(SVOiOd)例如:
My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。(三)单数句变复数句
1. 可数名词单数要变为其相应的复数形式。
It is a box.→ They are boxes.
2. 各个人称代词要由单数形式变为复数形式。
She is a girl.→ They are girls. I am at home.→ We are at home.
3. am或is 要变为are.
He is a teacher. → They are teachers.
4. 指示代词this或that要分别变为these或those。
This is a pencil.→ These are pencils.
5. 不定冠词a/an要去掉(固定搭配例外)。
It is a black cat.→ They ar e black cats.
6. man或woman做定语修饰可数名词,在整个句子变成复数的情况