新视野大学英语课后答案

Unit 1When I think of people in this world who have really made a difference, I think of my parents. They were truly saints among ordinary people.I was one of the ten children my parents adopted. They rescued each of us from a life of poverty and loneliness. They were hardly able to restrain themselves from bringing home more children to care for. If they had had the resources they certainly would have.Most people do not realize how much they appreciate someone until they pass away. My sisters and brothers and I did not want this to happen before we uttered（发出，讲出）the words "Thank you" to our parents.Although we have all grown up and scattered about the country, we got back together to thank our parents. My brother Tom undertook the task of organizing the event. Every Friday night, Mom and Dad have had the ham dinner special at the same restaurant for the last twenty years. That is where we waited without their knowing. When we first caught a glimpse of them coming across the street, we all hide underneath a big table. When they entered, we leapt out and shouted, "Thank you, Mom and Dad." My brother Tom presented them with a card and we all hugged. My Dad pretended that he had known we were under the table all along.Unit 2Women who exercise regularly need to be careful with what they eat. Researchers have found evidence that even moderate exercise can result in losing iron. They said that women who exercise regularly, especially in endurance activities, typically lose iron. In order to prevent this from becoming a problem, it is important that those women consume more meat or take supplements to replace the iron lost. Those who do not bother to get plentiful amounts of iron may begin to feel weak and tired. "If you can get the recommended daily allowance of iron in your diet, you will probably perform better," said one diet specialist. "One shortcoming of taking iron pills is that the pill form is not well absorbed and can sometimes make you sick. It is preferable that you try to remedy the deficiency by getting more iron-rich meats in your diet."There are ways to help your body store away the iron it takes in. By getting plenty of Vitamin C, your body is able to process, or use, the iron better. Researchers acknowledge that everyone's body is different and the problem will be less serious for some. Because it is impossible to decide whether or not this could be a problem for you, health specialists say it is advisable to check your iron levels. Even when you can't feel it, you may still have a problem.Unit 3While many private schools are focusing more on values, public schools are moving toward testing standards. The national government demands academic success and tests are taken as a key measurement for a school's performance. Schools with low test scores face penaltie s such as a reduction in money to run their schools. And, even individual teachers are being graded on how they're preparing their students for these tests."We have concentrated too much on teaching the kids how to take these tests," commented one elementary school teacher. "We should be providing a more comprehensive curriculum to these kids. We should be cultivating leadership and curiosity. Unfortunately, there is never time."One school principal remarked, "It's true that it would be beneficial to our kids if they were getting better scores on the subjects being tested. The trouble is that in poorer areas of the city like ours, kids start school less equipped to perform well. We have many obstacles to overcome before we can teach them basic subjects. All schools are not alike, so they shouldn't be tested that way.""The goal is to improve performance in schools that are not providing their students with tools for success," said one government official. He admits, however, that he is having a hard time convincing faculty and teachers this plan will work.Unit 4For many, beauty and fashion are permanently linked. With regard to fashion, the Barbie doll has been consistently in style. From the first Barbie dolls, Mattel took care to dress them in detailed, fashionable clothes. Some observers note that the fashions of the Barbie doll trace fashion trends perfectly since 1959. While critics complain that the models do not represent “average" female bodies, they also complain about the Barbie doll's size. Some have criticized the dimensions（尺寸）of the Barbie doll as an unattainable ideal of the female shape.Charlotte Johnson, the Barbie doll's first dress designer, explained that the doll was not intended to reflect a female figure realistically, but rather to portray a(n) exaggerated shape underneath fashionable clothes. However, the unrealistic dimensions of the doll have brought the strongest criticism regarding the doll's encouragement of an obsession with weight and looks.Convinced of the negative effects of the Barbie doll on children, Cathy Meredig of High Self Esteem Toys developed a more realistically proportioned doll in 1991. Her doll did not sell well, however.Throughout the years, the Barbie doll has had several competitors but none have been able to compete with the glamour offered by the Barbie doll.U 5As a surgeon, I have seen a lot of deaths. I am rarely astonished by anything. The other day , however ,one humorous and slightly odd story I heard touched me. A doctor told me that a very old woman he was dead , but when he was treating was lying motionless on her pillow face down. He thought she was dead ,but when he approached he noticed she was breathing. Her hospital gown exposed her back bare, so he put a cover over her. Just then she sat up slowly, startling the doctor. She seemed quite alive.“I thought you were nearly gone,” the doctor said . “Your breathing was so shallow and you seemed lifeless.”“Never mind that , doctor, I’ve been waiting for you,” the old woman s aid quite confidently as if she were his mother. She had been a good mother to four, but she had survived them all. She gracefully handed the doctor a jab of sampled a little and told he it was deliciours.“Good,” she said ,handing him a piece of paper with writing. “This is how to make it .” He understood what a(n) privilege she had given him and took it with thanks and then left. The old woman lay back down and died soon after his departureUnit 6Do you know February 2nd is Groundhog's Day (土拨鼠日)? Legend has it that on this morning, if a groundhog can see its shadow, there will be six more weeks of winter. If it cannot see its shadow, spring is on the way. Some believe that the means of forecast is rather arbitrary and is often incorrect. Others argue that it is significant because it recognizes that the different parts of nature are connected in some way. Each part is dependent on the rest of the parts for a healthy system. Some farmers pay close attention to the behavior of ducks and geese when predicting the weather. It is sensible to guess an early winter is coming when you see ducks and geese moving south in October. Many dog owners can tell when winter or spring will come by stroking their pet. In preparation for winter, a dog's hair becomes thicker. Dogs lose hair as spring sets in.Information gathered from nature can help people to take precautions against a hard winter or bad storm. Some animals are even believed to be able to detect when an earthquake will occur. People holding this belief even go further to say that information gathered by computers is often worthless and nature is far more accurate: Isn't it time we started paying attention to what is around us?Unit 7Bill Gates is known around the world for the founding of Microsoft. And, most people are quite aware that his evolution from computer hacker to the world's richest man was due in large part to his partner Paul Allen. But, while Gates' fame has mushroomed since the beginning of Microsoft, Allen has remained less famous. Many around the world have followed the life of Gates, but are ignorant of what has happened to Allen. In fact, as most in the Northwest can tell you, Allen has made quite a(n) impact on the region and the world. In 2000, he retired from Microsoft, but the company retains him as a permanent advisor to top executives. Not all of Allen's interests involve commercial success. Allen has given four hundred million dollars in charity to the University of Washington for science and technology research. He created the Experience Music Project in Seattle, employing famous architect Frank Gehry to design the building. This is not his only contribution to the arts. Allen is very involved with modernizing Hollywood's movie technology. His film studio is the most advanced in the world. He has also built a sports empire, buying both a basketball and a football team as well as helping to support a local stadium, and he owns a sports magazine. Oh, and let's not forget, Allen is the seventh richest man in the entire world. Not bad.Unit 8You have probably heard of Dolly. She is the world's first cloned sheep and quite famous. You would never know that she was such a famous animal just by looking at her, though. "She's about as unremarkable-looking as any sheep there ever was," commented one scientist who tends to the famous sheep.Now that Dolly has successfully been cloned, there are many scientists observing her every movement. Their hope is that they never detect anything remarkable with Dolly. One of the scientists humorously remarked, "It's quite a(n) boring job always sitting around hoping nothing will actually happen." But that's what they have essentially done. They hope that anydifferences between Dolly and the sheep she was copied from are so minor that they go unnoticed."We don't want Dolly to live longer or jump higher. Some say that we are deliberately trying to create animals with remarkable qualities. This is not true. We simply are showing that we can make a(n) identical copy of the original safely and that the sheep is normal."Despite the protests of the scientists working on the project, the debate over whether cloning is safe goes on. The US congress organized a national commission to study the legal and moral implications of cloning. Many would like to abolish all research on cloning. And while everyone argues, the scientists are simply continuing to watch Dolly.Unit 9My friend, Anna, said to me before I married Mike, "He's fine now, but wait until after you've married him." She thought that her own experience with marriage was applicable to mine. Without even being asked, she cited all of the problems she's had with her husband. The disputes ranged from him not sharing responsibility for household tasks to how often he went out at night. And every time, Anna complained, her husband would find justification for what he did. "If I were you," she advised, "I'd get everything documented in writing. If there is something desirable about him now, make sure you get an agreement from him that he will continue it after you are married." I tried to dispose （处理掉，丢掉）of her advice saying that I thought Mike and I could handle it without such an agreement. She just dismissed（驳回）what I had to say with laughter. "You can't believe him just because what he said. Once you marry him, he'll think he owns you, and everything will change," she said.I tried to ignore her advice, but the next day I changed my mind and talked to Mike. "Mike,"I said, "I'm not going to marry you unless you promise to always stay the same."He replied, "You've been talking to Anna again, haven't you?"Unite 1Although they may not be the world’s fastest or strongest athletes, the 1830 competitions in the 2005 Special Olympics World Winter Games held in Nagano, Japan competed with all their hearts. At th e closing ceremony Princess Takamado of Japan made a speech .She said, ’The past week was all about smiles, gentleness and peace. I truly hope within my heart that the entire world can learn something here. We can all learn from the examples these special athletes have shown us.’The aim of the Special Olympics is clear. It is to encourage individuals with intellectual disabilities to become physically fit. They are also encouraged to be productive and respected members of society through sports training and competition. If an athlete wins in competition, it is a bonus. However, in a way everyone wins. Lily Kuhn , 12, a skier with Team USA , could hardly restrain her enthusiasm as the wrote home. She told her parents: I was proud of myself. I am happy not simply for winning, but for winning honestly, loving to compete and working the hardest for the longest time.The festival ending the games is something to remember. It isn’t complete without the hugs. One event volunteer while hugging and handing out sweatshirts to some of the athletes held up his thumbs and said, ” All of these athletes are super! I can’t go anywhere around here without gettinga hug. I pray for more of this sort of thing. I hope that the spirit with which they have competed might touch the whole world. Watching these young people blossom over the past week has truly touched my life. ”At the end of the festival, the vice mayor for the city of Shanghai, which will host the 2007 summer games, accepted the flag for the Special Olympics pled ging that “the city of Shanghai would open its arms to the world and to the Special Olympics”.Unite 2Jim Fixx had been a heavy smoker and weighed 214 pounds when he took up running in the 1960s. He soon reaped the benefits from running. His weight decreased by 60 pounds by the time his book, The Complete Book Of Running, was published. His book inspired millions of people. In his book and on television talk shows, he extolled the benefits of physical exercise and how it considerably increased the av erage people’s life expectancy. His readers and audience became more health-conscious. However , to their shock, Fixx died at the age of 52 after his daily run. Many who opposed his beliefs said this was evidence that running was harmful. However, his supp orters revealed that the real cause of Fixx’s death was a heart attack. He came from a family where men had poor health stories. His father suffered a heart attack at the age of 35 and died of one at 42. Given Fixx’s unhealthy lifestyle until he took up ru nning, many argued that running added many years to his life.“Running does have its shortcomings,” Acknowledges heart specialist Paul Thomas, in a recent medical journal. “The impact can be hard on your knees. Runners are more at risk during their trai ning, particularly if they run marathons. However, the news for runners isn’t all bad. Evidence suggests in spite of its shortcomings, moderate amount of running exercise can actually result in a longer, improved life.”Dr. Dale Macdonald, a certified Strength and Conditioning specialist once summed up a discussion by saying, “As with all athletic endeavors, running comes with both great reward and inherent risk. More than 60% of runners will suffer an injury that causes them to take time off running—eac h year!” He also said that improving one’s balance can reduce the likelihood of injury.Unite3Hyde was founded in 1966 to provide education based on character development rather than academic achievement. It is a place where well-to-do families can send their children who have difficulty in other educational environments. Many students are there because their parents believe in the educational theory of character before performance.Although Hyde is typically categorized as a college preparatory school, the school regards its primary purpose as preparation for life. Hyde helps students learn, embrace, and adopt a character compass that will guide them for the rest of their lives.Emphasis is placed on performing arts and sports. Hyde believes that one needs to expose themselves to group and community interactions as part of the growth process. Competitive sports are played year round and have led to many championships. There are typical high school classes and academics. Many Advanced Placement courses are available and encouraged. Most students are accepted to four-year colleges and universities.There are “Group Discovery” sessions several times per week. Students are encouraged to counsel each other when they think another student’s actions o r thoughts do not correspond to the school’s philosophy. These sessions focus on the individual students and their current issues and problems faced at the school. Students are encouraged to share intimate secrets, doubts and regrets about themselves and their families. These sessions are extended to parents. The purpose of these sessions is to involve the whole family into the Hyde community social structure.Truth is emphasized over harmony. Students who have difficulty with following the school rules are assigned to perform maintenance jobs and lawn care for the school. The practice is not solely punitive but also serves to illustrate that the transgressor has separated him/herself from the community by their actions. The idea behind it is to earn acceptance by the group, and work back into the trust of the community.Unite 4When Henry Ford announced he was going to produce an automobile that would be affordable to the general population, he probably did not realize what a great impact his achievement would have on life in the United States and, eventually, the world. Ford’s use of mass production strategies to manufacture the Model T started a new era in personal transportation. As a result, roads were built for the sake of cars and the greater mobility of people. With cars and the roads, having a business of one’s own became a lot more feasible. Every type of business sprung up. Customers could easily get to the stores no matter where they were in town, provided there was a road, so businesses no l onger had to be located at a town’s center.And what about the family vacation？Families packed into their cars and drove across the country to explore the new frontier, stopping at every possible roadside attraction on the way. There was no limit to where you could go and what you could see. The car offered a sense of independence and, as Americans particularly hated to be restricted, they fell in love with the automobile instantly. On average, each American household owns two or more cars. As the world gets more complicated, driving cars around helps people cope with the demands of modern life.If you ask people what qualities define Americans, they will probably say that the two dominating characteristics of an American are inventiveness and independence. America is truly the land of cars and car culture.Unite 5Aging is a natural process. Although medical advancements have come up with ways to cover signs of aging, there is no stopping the process. During the closing period in the lifespan of human beings, people tend to “move away” from more desirable previous periods, often known as “usefulness”.Age sixty is usually considered the dividing line between middle and old age. It is the time where you are considered an “elderly”, meaning somewh at old or advanced beyond middle age. Period of decline comes partly from physical and partly psychological factors. The physical cause of decline is a change in the body cells due to the effects of the aging process. The psychological cause of decline has something to do with unfavorable attitudes toward oneself, other people, work and life in general. Senility, a more or less complete physical breakdown, will take place when there is mental disorganization. The individual becomes careless, absent-minded, socially withdrawn, and promptly adjusted.Due to the unfavorable social attitudes toward the elderly, treatment toward them in American, unlike other cultures, makes them feel no longer useful and unwanted. People who come from countries where respect for the elderly is customary usually treat elder people with more consideration and respect.In fact, old people are a treasure of experience to society. It is expected that old people will play an increasingly active role in social and community affairs as well as in the business and professional worlds. Because of the reduction in the number of roles the elderly are able to play , it is very likely that they will develop a feeling of inferiority. It is our duty to make them better realize value and help them lead a life of comfort.U 6Earthquakes have plagued our lives for as long as people have inhabited the Earth.These dagerous acts of the Earth have resulted in great damage to human beings.Earthquake damage epends on what area is hit.If an unpopulated region is truck ,there will be low loss of life or property. If it hits a large city which is ensely populated,there may be serious injuries and destruction.Earthquakes have the power to uproot trees and send them crashing into bulidings.They can trigger landslides and cause flooding and tsunamis .Bulidings and structures are also A.at risk . it is intersting to note that tall buildings will suffer the least damage if they are located directly at the epicenter(震中).This is because they can withstand the up-and-down motion ofP-waves.S-waves,on the other hand,occur far away from the epicenter,and cause the greatest stress by shaking buildings from side to side. These bulidings from side to side.These buildings are often knocked off their foundations.Buildings with thick ,heavy wals do not resist shock waves very well.Violent earthquakes often cause structures to collapse .burying people underneath.Brick buildings are the mostvulnerable .The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster.It is in the subsequent fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs.Predicting an earthquake until now has almost been technologically impossible. With improvements in technology,lives have been saved and many more will .All that remains is to research what takes place before ,during ,and after an earthquake.This has been done for years to the point that a successful earthquake prediction is theoretically possible.However, accurate prediction of earthquake may take more years.U 7Bill Gates is known around the world for the founding of Microsoft.And,most people are quite aware that his evolution from computer hacker to the world's richest man was due in large part to his partner Paul Allen .But,while Gates' fame has mushroomed since the beginning of Microsoft,Allen has remained less famous.Many around the world have followed the life Gates,but are ignorant of what has happened to Allen.In fact,as most in the Northwest can tell you,Allen has made quite an impact on the region and the world.In 2000,he retired from Microsoft,but the retains him as a permanent advisor to top executives.Not all of Allen's interests involve commercial success.Allen has given four hundred million dollars in charity to University of Washington for science and technology research.He created the Experience Music Project inSeattle,employing famous architect Frank Gehry to design the building,with modernizing Hollywood's movie technology .His film studio is the most advanced in the world.He has also built a sports empire,buying both a basketball and a football team as well as helping to support a local stadium,and he owns a sports magazine.Oh,let's not forget,Allen is the seventh richest man in the entire world.Not bad。