英语原著《红字》解读The Scarlet Letter

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美国文学 霍桑《红字》赏析

美国文学 霍桑《红字》赏析

The Scarlet LetterAuthor: Nathaniel HawthorneSymbolism:The Scarlet Letter, A symbol of shame, but instead it becomes a powerful symbol of identity to Hester. The letter’s meaning shifts as time passes. Originally intended to mark Hester as an adulteress, the “A” eventually comes to stand for “Able.”The Meteor , to Dimmesdale, the meteor implies that he should wear a mark of shame just as Hester does. The meteor is interpreted differently by the rest of the community, which thinks that it stands for “Angel” and marks Governor Winthrop’s entry into heavenThe Rosebush, Next to the Prison Door .The narrator chooses to begin his story with the image of the rosebush beside the prison door. The rosebush symbolizes the ability of nature to endure and outlast man’s activities.Pearl is a sort of living version of her mother’s scarlet letter. She is the physical consequence of sexual sin and the indicator of a transgression (evildoing). Upward American spiritCharacter analysis:Hester: disloyalty, betrayal, deception, sexual desire, adultery. Face, correct, redeem, purify. Praise, content, conformability.Dimmesdale: adultery, cowardice, hypocrisy, dishonesty, selfishness, too coward to confess, tortured by his conscience. Sympathetic, disfavor his hesitation, indecisiveness and cowardice. Chillingworth: revenge. Tortured by the desire of revenge, twisted and reduced to nothing. disgusted, think he committed greater crime.Puritanism in The Scarlet LetterPuritan background: setting, events, characters, thoughts, behaviors.Puritan doctrines: original sin, total depravity, predestination, limited atonement.Ralph Waldo Emerson1.NatureThe declaration of TranscendentalismAnalysis of “Nature”A long essay which has eight parts: the opening, commodity, beauty, language, discipline, Idealism, spirit and prospects. Our selection is taken from the opening. Taken as a whole, “Nature” expresses Emerson’s philosophy in a more systematic fashion than any other work of his.Meanings of natureI BeautyNature is beautiful. : the complete, mysterious, useful and moral beauty of nature. First, nature’s beauty lies in its completeness. Second, nature’s beauty lies in its mystery. cannot be manipulated. Only when he holds a sincere respect for nature, can man feel the mysterious beauty of nature. Third, nature’s beauty lies in its usefulness. Nature provides man without any benefitII Nature Is Divine●Nature is divine and has the eternal order which should not be violated. Influenced in a way byChinese ancient philosophy, Emerson believes that all the things in the world come from the same root---the Oversoul.●Emerson believes that man can find God in his own heart by direct contact with nature●Nature has permeated (penetrate) all aspects of human life. Spirit embodied in nature hasinfluence upon us. Nature inspires man and gives him\her power. Man should find the truth,goodness and beauty in his own soul and bring into play his potentiality as human being. Then, he will become himself “All that Adam had, all that Caesar could, you have and can do".For Emerson, the individual is potentially the most divine and any organization or existing idea can not limit the development of individual.III Nature Is ChangingEverything in nature is in a process---growing, withdrawing and falling into the ground. The flowing of nature comes from a force which impels it to develop. For instance, a river is always in constantly flowing. It originates from mountains, flows along great plains and ultimately converges into the sea. Transcendental philosophyNature symbolizes freedom, independence and change. These are Individualism elements which attend to significance of common life. Therefore Emerson's nature is the theoretical base of American Individualism---one of the characteristics of American culture. As the symbol of Spirit, nature helps to prove that man's soul is beautiful, divine and fluid. Man should pursue spiritual fulfillmentExcerpt from Nature: in Nature Emerson puts forward every phenomenon of the nature there was the spirit of the spirit of the nature.Here from this paragraph we could see that emerson found the beauty in the wildness nature rather than the village or something. “in the wildness, I find something more dear and connate than in streets or villages.” In the wildness of the nature, emerson can transcend physical body to the spirit of the God and he can become one part of the spirit.He emerges into the nature, and then he goes into the Oversoul. “I am part or particle of God.” “I am nothing; I see all”. This sentence clearly shows that emerson merges into the sporit. And in the nature we could get the eternal beauty.2.Self-Reliance①“The Confidence”. a man must show his opinion confidently and bravely in spite of different ideas.②“The Independence”. A man should keep himself firmly ; not be easily influenced by environment.③Keep personality, which is closely related to the confidence and the independence. a man must keep his personality and conform to his own principles.④“Showing no Sympathy to the Poor” shows that why the poor are poor is mainly due to their backward thinking. Showing help to this kind of people means doing harm to them.Comment: In Self-reliance, Emerson expressed the romantic idea of individualism, with an emphasis on being self-sufficient. He promoted relying on oneself rather than on established society. Emerson was known for his repeated use of phrase “trust thyself”. “Self-reliance” is his explanation---both systematic and passionate of what he meant by this, and why he was moved to make it his catchphrase. Every individual possesses a unique genius, Emerson argues, that can only be revealed when that individual has the courage to trust his or her own thoughts, attitudes, and inclinations against all public disapproval.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow1. A Psalm of Life①Love of nature, love for the past ②Trochaic tetrameter③constant theme for poets: The relationship of life and death. ④He expresses his pertinent interpretation to that by warning us that though life is hard and everybody must die, time flies and life is short, yet, human beings ought to be hold “to act,” to face the reality straightly so as to make otherwise meaningless life significant.2. My Lost YouthⅤ. Terms 10’New England PoetsThe new England poets were the representatives of imitation, authors like Irving, William Cullen Bryant, Henry wadsworth Longfellow etc. tried to imitate the forms and themes of their English brothers, such as Alexander Pope, Robert Burns, Thomas Gray, wordsworth and so on.Rip van winkleThis is one story in Washington Irving’s Sketch Book. It tells a story of a kind but hen-pecked man rip van winkle. The protagonist does not take care of his own family very well and just wants to live idly. But his wife does not want him to live the life like that and keeps talking to him. Unhappy at home, he enters in the mountain with his gun and dog. One afternoon, he meets some strangers looking people playing at nine pins. Out of curiosity, he drinks the wine and falls into sleep. When he wakes up, he finds his dog missing and his gun rusted. He has to go back to the village again. But can not recognize the village and the folks. Later his surprise, he has been slept for 20 years. And his wife has been dead and his children grow up. At the end of story, his daughter takes him home and he still lives the life as he was used to.Ⅵ.Comment 20’1. Comment on Moby Dick:a. Although the narrator sees insanity in Ahab, Melville’s emotional sympathy is with the deficient Ahab. He begins with a noble intention to crush evil, but in taking this to the extreme, he becomes evil himself. He is destroyed by his consuming desire to root out evil.b. Moby Dick is a symbol to represent cruel, brutal, malicious powers of nature. Nature is capable of destroying the human world. Nature threatens humanity & thus calls out the heroic powers of the human beings. So the power of the universe is both of blessing and curse. In this way, the author constructs a complicated statement about American view of nature.2. Compare: Emily Dickinson with Walt Whitman in their writing style.Similarities①Along with Emily Dickinson, Walt Whitman stands as one of the two giants of American poetry in the nineteenth century.②Pioneers of imagism③Part of American Renaissance④Influenced by transcendentalism⑤Thematically, they both extolled in their different ways and emergent America, its expansion, its individualism and its Americanness, their poetry being part of “American Renaissance”⑥Technically, they both added to the literary independence of the new nation by breaking free of the convention of the iambic pentameter and exhibiting a freedom in form unknown before: they are pioneers in American poetry.Differences①Whitman seems to keep his eyes on society at large; Dickinson explores the inner life of the individual.②Whereas Whitman is “national” in his outlook. Dickinson is “regional”③Whitman has the “catalogue techniques”, all-inclusive catalogue. Whereas Dickinson’s concise, direct, simple diction and syntax。

英语小说《红字》读后感

英语小说《红字》读后感

英语小说《红字》读后感英语小说《红字》读后感当细细品完一本名著后,大家心中一定有不少感悟,写一份读后感,记录收获与付出吧。

那么我们该怎么去写读后感呢?以下是小编收集整理的英语小说《红字》读后感,希望对大家有所帮助。

英语小说《红字》读后感1The Scarlet Letter offers an extraordinary insight into the norms and behavior of the 17th century if American Puritan society. The basic conflicts and problems of its main characters, however, are familiar to readers in the present. The female protagonist, has borne a child out of wedlock and has been jailed for over three months and sentenced to wear a symbol of her adultery, a scarlet “A” on her dress at all times. It concerns about the moral, emotional and psychological effect of the sin on people in general. Its not simply a love story or a story of sin. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the scarlet letters to symbolize the harshness of Puritan society, showing how they brand sinners for life.The story happened in Boston about 200 years ago. It narrates love affairs between three persons. The punished woman. Hester Prynne and his husband. Who called himself Roger Chillingworth . He is an old misshapen man and a doctor. Hester does not love him at all. Another man is a young minister, Dimmesdale, who has a high position among ministers and is highly respected among his people in town. Hester and Dimmesdale love each other. But their love is forbidden in that time . It is sinful. Due to this,Hester is punished by society with a letter A on her chest, which considered an evil, a shame.In this novel, the mainline seems to be around the letter A.Hester is brave enough to face the cruel reality. She is always with a mind of courage. She has been alone with her child for so long , with litter communication. Shame! Hopelessness! Loneliness! Hester has to wear the letter A day after day, seven years as for punishment and ill fame.When a woman has lived through a difficult experience, her character changes a great deal. If she be all tenderness, she will die. If she survive, the tenderness will leave her .Hesters charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community. The letter on her chest represents her work on earth , always helping others, without expecting any thanks. Never afterwards, does that scarlet letter leave her chest. The townspeople no longer view the letter as a punishment , but rather as representing her great strength and bravery and thy say it means “Able”.But Arthur Dimmesdale, his sin against Hester and Pearl is that he will not acknowledge them as his wife.英语小说《红字》读后感2The Scarlet Letter is the American novelist Nathaniel Hawthornes most outstanding representative of the United States as a whole romantic story in the most prestigious works of one of the authority.s Novel The story takes place in the mid-seventeenth century Calvin who were under the rule of the Boston, the author At that time, the social status quo from the start, through a touching love story to expose the tragedy of the spirit of the people, spiritual and moral destruction.Hester Prynne is a marriage was on the unfortunate women, young and beautiful, but married to a physical deformity of the sick patients Shiluo Jie Ling Qi Worth, a lack of love between husband and wife, and later, Roger Also missing at sea,Yaowuyinxun, Prynne lived a lonely life. At this time there is a handsome and ambitious young minister, Arthur Dimmesdale into her life, they are sincere love, time After a period of privacy but warm love life. In the near future, Blenheim pregnant as a result of the hidden exposure to the crime of adultery was arrested, in prison, gave birth to a daughter, Pearl small.At that time, in accordance with the rules, the only explanation adulterer Prynnes name in order to be pardoned, they would be punished. However, the implementation of the mandate of the trial but it was his lover. Prynne alone would rather put up with any punishment for her generation and Dimmesdale Seoul between the deeply buried in the hearts of love, she has a strong hold on.Hester Prynne was punished, she must be wearing a life-long embroidered red A word of the coat. A letter on behalf of adultery (Adultery) of the word. Prynne Pearl with a small retreat from living alone in remote huts on the outskirts of In those who have been lonely life. Sinister and former Fu Luojie Dimmesdale found the abnormal performance of the minister to use such mixed feelings and suffering, continue to torment him, Dimmesdale finally promoted to bishop in his forthcoming On the eve of, publicly announced their secret, Dimmesdale to expose people around the love of the first carol. When he himself say a few words of bras, of a scarlet A word in defense of his chest. In his own wife who passed away.Hester Prynne, his strong, perseverance, love of the faithful. Although the ruled that the guilty, but she has a clean, pure. Her spirit rising to become truth, benevolence and beauty in disguise. She moves on to teach and the right of the feudal regime ofoppression under the love, human rights and freedoms fully affirmed.Prynne and Dimmesdale initially had a red-hot love, although he had to retreat, to cover for their own comfort, but the heart of the suffering has not been affected by his calm and security, on the contrary, more and more strongly. He Prynne and the date, he flails on the stage of self-punishment of repentance, and their escape plans, as well as the final public speeches have become Dimmesdales love toward the altar of the approaching step by step by step. Finally, he say a few words T-shirt, people see a large cake in his chest A red characters. A word that is actually baked in his mind, this is the distillation of love.Rose spent by the author with good symbol of the United States, with prison a symbol of death, with a light, a bird ... ... Prynne and Dimmesdale a symbol of love between the crystallization - Pearl so that the work is full of a Charming drive.In the last works in combination Prynne and Dimmesdales words inscribed on the tombstone: a cemetery, inscribed A word of the blood red. This indeed is the phrase meaningful!。

TheScarletLetter内容总结及分析

TheScarletLetter内容总结及分析

世纪美国浪漫主义作家霍桑地长篇小说.发表于年.《红字》讲述了发生在北美殖民时期地恋爱悲剧.女主人公海丝特·白兰嫁给了医生奇灵渥斯,他们之间却没有爱情.在孤独中白兰与牧师丁梅斯代尔相恋并生下女儿珠儿.白兰被当众惩罚,戴上标志“通奸”地红色字示众.然而白兰坚贞不屈,拒不说出孩子地父亲.小说惯用象征手法,人物、情节和语言都颇具主观想象色彩,在描写中又常把人地心理活动和直觉放在首位.因此,它不仅是美国浪漫主义小说地代表作,同时也被称作是美国心理分析小说地开创篇.(作者)(叙述方式)文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习纳撒尼尔·霍桑(,—),是美国心理分析小说地开创者,也是美国文学史上首位写作短篇小说地作家,被称为美国世纪最伟大地浪漫主义小说家.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习(海丝特·白兰), ' .(丁梅斯代尔) (齐灵渥斯)(珠儿)内容简介在十七世纪中叶地一个夏天,一天早晨,一大群波士顿居民拥挤在监狱前地草地上,庄严地目不转睛地盯着牢房门.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习随着牢门地打开,一个怀抱三个月大地婴儿地年轻女人缓缓地走到了人群前,在她地胸前佩带着一个鲜红地字,耀眼地红字吸引了所有人地目光,她就是海丝特·白兰太太.她由于被认为犯了通奸罪而受到审判,并要永远佩带那个代表着耻辱地红字.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习在绞刑台上,面对着总督贝灵汉和约翰·威尔逊牧师地威逼利诱,她以极大地毅力忍受着屈辱,忍受着人性所能承担地一切,而站在她身旁地年轻牧师丁梅斯代尔却流露出一种忧心忡忡、惊慌失措地神色,恰似一个人在人生道路上偏离了方向,感到非常迷惘,只有把自己封闭起来才觉得安然.海丝特·白兰坚定地说:“我永远不会说出孩子地父亲是谁地”,说这句话地时候她地眼睛没有去看威尔逊牧师,而是凝视着那年轻牧师深沉而忧郁地眼睛.“这红字烙得太深了.你是取不下来地.但愿我能在忍受我地痛苦地同时,也忍受住他地痛苦!”海丝特·白兰说.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习这时,在人群中,海丝特·白兰看到了一个相貌奇特地男人:矮小苍老,左肩比右肩高,正用着阴晦地眼神注视着她,这个男人就是她失散了两年之久地丈夫齐灵渥斯——一个才智出众、学识渊博地医生.当他发现海丝特·白兰认出了他时,示意她不要声张.在齐灵渥斯地眼里燃烧着仇恨地怒火,他要向海丝特·白兰及她地情人复仇,并且他相信一定能够成功.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习海丝特·白兰被带回狱中之后,齐灵渥斯以医生地身份见到了她,但海丝特·白兰不肯说出孩子地父亲是谁,并且向齐灵渥斯坦言她从他那里从来没有感受到过爱情,齐灵渥斯威胁海丝特·白兰不要泄露他们地夫妻关系,他不能遭受一个不忠实女人地丈夫所要蒙受地耻辱,否则,他会让她地情人名誉扫地,毁掉地不仅仅是他地名誉,地位,甚至还有他地灵魂和生命,海丝特·白兰答应了.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习海丝特·白兰出狱后,带着自己地女儿小珠儿靠着针线技艺维持着生活,她们离群索居,那鲜红地字将屈辱深深烙在了海丝特·白兰地心里.小珠儿长得美丽脱俗,有着倔强地性格和充沛地精力,她和那红字一起闪耀在世人地面前,在那个清教徒地社会里,他们是耻辱地象征,但也只有他们是鲜亮地.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习丁梅斯代尔牧师不仅年轻俊美,而且学识渊博,善于辞令,有着极高地秉赋和极深地造诣,在教民中有着极高地威望.但是,自从海丝特·白兰受审以来,他地健康日趋羸弱,敏感,忧郁与恐慌弥漫了他地整个思绪,他常常夜不成寐地祷告,每逢略受惊恐或是突然遇到什么意外事件时,他地手就会拢在心上,先是一阵红潮,然后便是满面苍白,显得十分苦痛.这一切都让齐灵渥斯看在眼里,对他产生了浓厚地兴趣,并以医生地身份与他形影相随.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习随着时间地推移,小珠儿渐渐地长大了,她穿着母亲为她做地红天鹅绒裙衫,奔跑着,跳跃着,象一团小火焰在燃烧,这耀眼地红色使清教徒们觉得孩子是另一种形式地红字,是被赋予了生命地红字!贝灵汉总督和神甫约翰·威尔逊认为小珠儿应该与母亲分开,因为她地母亲是个罪人,没有能力完成使孩子成为清教徒地重任.但是海丝特·白兰坚决不同意.她大声说珠儿是上帝给她地孩子,珠儿是她地幸福!也是她地折磨!是珠儿叫她还活在世上!也是珠儿叫她受着惩罚!如果他们夺走珠儿,海丝特·白兰情愿先死给他们看.海丝特·白兰转向丁梅斯代尔牧师,希望他能够发表意见.丁梅斯代尔牧师面色苍白,一只手捂住心口,那双又大又黑地眼睛深处,在烦恼和忧郁之中还有一个痛苦地天地,他认为珠儿是上帝给海丝特·白兰地孩子,应该听从上帝地安排,如果她能把孩子送上天国,那么孩子也就能把她带到天国,这是上帝神圣地旨意.这样珠儿才没有被带走.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习这一切,都被饱经世故地齐灵渥斯看在眼里,他一点点地向丁梅斯代尔牧师内心逼近,齐灵渥斯象观察病人一样去观察他,一方面观察丁梅斯代尔牧师地日常生活,看他怎样在惯有地思路中前进,另一方面观察他被投入另一种道德境界时所表现地形态,他尽量发掘牧师内心地奥秘.随着时间地推移,齐灵渥斯渐渐地走进了丁梅斯代尔牧师地心里,并向他地灵魂深处探进.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习一天,丁梅斯代尔牧师正在沉睡,齐灵渥斯走了进来,拨开了他地法衣,终于发现了丁梅斯代尔牧师一直隐藏地秘密——他地胸口上有着和海丝特·白兰一样地红色标记,他欣喜若狂,那是一种狂野地惊奇、欢乐和恐惧地表情!那种骇人地狂喜,绝不仅仅是由眼睛和表情所表达地,甚至是从他整个地丑陋身躯迸发出来,他将两臂伸向天花板,一只脚使劲跺着地面,以这种非同寻常地姿态放纵地表现他地狂喜!当一个宝贵地人类灵魂失去了天国,堕入撒旦地地狱之中时,那魔王知道该如何举动了.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习齐灵渥斯精心地实施着他地复仇计划,他利用丁梅斯代尔牧师敏感、富于想象地特点,抓住他地负罪心理,折磨他地心灵,他把自己装扮成可信赖地朋友,让对方向他吐露一切恐惧、自责、烦恼、懊悔、负罪感,那些向世界隐瞒着地一切内疚,本可以获得世界地博大心胸地怜悯和原谅地,如今却要揭示给他这个内心充满了复仇火焰地人,最最恰如其分地让他得偿复仇之夙债.而此时地丁梅斯代尔牧师对齐灵渥斯却没有任何地怀疑,虽然他总是会感到有一种恶势力在紧紧地盯着自己,总有一种不祥地预感,由于他不把任何人视为可信赖地朋友,故此当敌人实际上已出现时,仍然辨认不出.就在丁梅斯代尔牧师饱尝肉体上地疾病地痛苦和精神上地摧残地同时,他在圣职上却大放异彩,取得了辉煌地成就.公众地景仰更加加重了他地罪恶感,使他地心理不堪重负.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习终于,在一天漆黑地夜里,丁梅斯代尔牧师梦游般走到了市场上地绞刑台上,发出一声悲痛地嘶喊.海丝特·白兰和小珠儿刚刚守护着一个人去世,恰巧从这里经过,她看到丁梅斯代尔牧师已处于崩溃地边缘,精神力量已经到了无能为力地地步.一种悔罪感使丁梅斯代尔邀请她们一同登上了绞刑台:“你们母女俩以前已经在这儿站过了,可是我当时没和你们一起来.再上来一次吧,我们三个人一起站着吧!”海丝特·白兰握着孩子地一只手,牧师握着孩子地另一只手,他们共同站在了绞刑台上.就在他这么做地瞬间,似有一般不同于他自己生命地新生命地激越之潮,急流般涌入他地心房,冲过他周身地血管,仿佛那母女俩正把她们生命地温暖传递给他半麻木地身躯,三人构成了一条闭合地电路,此时,天空闪过了一丝亮光,丁梅斯代尔仿佛看见天空中出现了一个巨大地字母“”.然而,这一切都让跟踪而至地齐灵渥斯看到了,这使得丁梅斯代尔牧师极为恐慌,但是,齐灵渥斯却说丁梅斯代尔先生患了夜游症,并把他带回了家.丁梅斯代尔先生就像一个刚刚从噩梦中惊醒地人,心中懊丧得发冷,便听凭那医生把自己领走了.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习许多年过去了,小珠儿已经七岁了,海丝特·白兰此时所处地地位已同她当初受辱时不完全一样了.如果一个人在大家面前有着与众不同地特殊地位,而同时又不干涉任何公共或个人地利益,她就最终会赢得普遍地尊重.海丝特·白兰从来与世无争,只是毫无怨尤地屈从于社会地最不公平地待遇;她也没有因自己地不幸而希冀什么报偿;她同样不依重于人们地同情.于是,在她因犯罪而丧失了权利、被迫独处一隅地这些年月里,大大地赢得了人心.她除了一心一意地打扮小珠儿外,她还尽自己所能去帮助穷人,用宽大地心去包容一切,人们开始不再把那红字看作是罪过地标记,而是当成自那时起地许多善行地象征.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习在这几年里,许多人都发生着变化,齐灵渥斯变地更加苍老了,海丝特·白兰原来印象最深地他先前那种聪慧好学地品格,那种平和安详地风度,如今已经荡然无存,取而代之地是一种急切窥测地神色,近乎疯狂而又竭力掩饰,而这种掩饰使旁人益发清楚地看出他地阴险.海丝特·白兰请求齐灵渥斯放过丁梅斯代尔牧师,不要再摧残他地灵魂了,但是丁梅斯代尔牧师地痛苦、复仇地快乐已经冲昏了齐灵渥斯地头脑,他决定继续实施自己地阴谋,他要慢慢地折磨丁梅斯代尔牧师,复仇已经成为他生活唯一地目地.海丝特·白兰决定将齐灵渥斯地真实身份告诉丁梅斯代尔.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习在一片浓密地森林里,海丝特·白兰见到了丁梅斯代尔,他们互诉衷肠,述说着几年来心底地秘密,他们受着同样地痛苦和煎熬,同样受着良知和道德地啮噬.丁梅斯代尔告诉她,虽然他地胸前没有佩带红字,但是,同样地红字在他地生命里一直燃烧着.此时,海丝特·白兰才意识到牺牲掉牧师地好名声,甚至让他死掉,都比她原先所选择地途径要强得多,她告诉丁梅斯代尔齐灵渥斯就是她地丈夫,她所做地一切都是为了他地荣誉、地位及生命才隐瞒了这个秘密.阴暗凶猛地眼神瞬间涌上了丁梅斯代尔地脸上,他痛楚地把脸埋在双手之中.海丝特·白兰劝丁梅斯代尔离开这里,到一个没有人认识地地方去,到一个可以避开齐灵渥斯双眼地地方去,她愿意和他开始一段新地生活,过去地已经一去不复返了!现在又何必去留恋呢?丁梅斯代尔犹豫着,他要么承认是一名罪犯而逃走,要么继续充当一名伪君子而留下,但他地良心已难以从中取得平衡;为了避免死亡和耻辱地危险,以及一个敌人地莫测地诡计,丁梅斯代尔决定出走.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习海丝特·白兰地鼓励及对新生活地憧憬,使丁梅斯代尔重新有了生活地勇气和希望.刚好有一艘停泊在港湾地船三天之后就要到英国去,他们决定坐这艘船返回欧洲,一切都在顺利地进行着.他们每天都被这种新地希望激励着、兴奋着,丁梅斯代尔决定演讲完庆祝说教后就离开.新英格兰地节日如期而至,丁梅斯代尔牧师地演讲也按计划进行着,海丝特·白兰和小珠儿来到市场,她地脸上有一种前所未见地表情,特殊地不安和兴奋,“再最后看一眼这红字和佩戴红字地人吧!”她想,“再过一段时间,她就会远走高飞了!那深不可测地大海将把你们在她胸前灼烧地标记永远淹没无存!”这时,那艘准备开往英国船只地船长走了过来,他告诉海丝特·白兰,齐灵渥斯将同他们同行,海丝特·白兰彻底绝望了.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习丁梅斯代尔牧师地宣讲取得了空前绝后地最辉煌成功,但随后他变得非常衰弱和苍白,他步履踉跄,内心地负罪感及良心地谴责最终战胜了他出逃地意志,在经过绞刑台地时候,他挣脱齐灵渥斯地羁绊,在海丝特·白兰地搀扶下登上了绞刑台,他拉着珠儿,在众人面前说出了在心底埋藏了七年地秘密,他就是小珠儿地父亲,他扯开了法衣地饰带,露出了红字,在众人地惊惧之声中,这个受尽蹂躏地灵魂辞世了.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习齐灵渥斯把复仇当作他生活地唯一目地,可是当他胜利后,他扭曲地心灵再也找不到依托,他迅速枯萎了.不到一年,他死了,他把遗产赠给了小珠儿.不久,海丝特·白兰和小珠儿也走了.红字地故事渐渐变成了传说.许多年以后,在大洋地另一边,小珠儿出嫁了,过着非常幸福地生活,而海丝特·白兰又回到了波士顿,胸前依旧佩带着那个红字,这里有过她地罪孽,这里有过她地悲伤,这里也还会有她地忏悔.又过了许多年,在一座下陷地老坟附近,又挖了一座新坟.两座坟共用一块墓碑.上面刻着这么一行铭文:文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习“一片墨黑地土地,一个血红地字.”创作背景在霍桑撰写《红字》地同时,第一次妇女大会正好在纽约召开().在这次大会上,女权主义者们提出了女性和男性拥有平等财产权地问题,指出女性“一旦结婚,在法律地角度看如同死亡.他(丈夫)拿走了她所有地财产权,甚至是她所赚取地工资.”她们提出女性应该和男性一样平等地工作,以便从经济地角度摆脱对男性地依附.事实上,在父权社会中,男性拒绝给予女性平等地经济权利,不仅仅是因为他们想要占有全部地财富,拒绝让女性来分一杯羹,更因为男性们早已意识到,女性在获得经济独立地同时,将不再满足雌伏于他们地羽翼之下,会努力寻求独立地思想和更为广阔地天地.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习霍桑地先祖威廉·霍桑年来到美洲大陆,曾经担任过马萨诸塞殖民地地官员,当众驱逐鞭打过一位教友派地妇女,而霍桑地曾曾祖父约翰·霍桑则是臭名昭著地年塞莱姆女巫审判(‘’)中地三位法官之一,根据他地裁决,数名女巫被送上了绞架.霍桑创作《红字》地目地之一就是希望通过写作,“替他们(祖先)蒙受耻辱,并祈求从今以后洗刷掉他们招致地任何诅咒.”[文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习点评鉴赏作品主题小说以两百多年前地殖民地时代地美洲为题材,但揭露地却是世纪资本主义发展时代美利坚合众国社会典法地残酷、宗教地欺骗和道德地虚伪.主人公海丝特被写成了崇高道德地化身.她不但感化了表里不一地丁梅斯代尔,同时也在感化着充满罪恶地社会.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习至于她地丈夫奇林渥斯,小说则把他写成了一个一心只想窥秘复仇地影子式地人物.他在小说中只起情节铺垫地作用. 文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习海丝特与丁梅斯代尔之间地爱充满了一种飞蛾扑火地牺牲精神,带有浓重地悲剧色彩,他们既是为更高层次地真理而献身地义无反顾地殉道士,又是摆在清教祭坛上献给上帝地牺牲品.正是由于有了这种五彩班澜地象征意义;红色才农十分巧妙地反映了作者丰富地思想和认识地同时,又取得了一种深沉含蓄地艺术效果.与红色相比,全书地中心即字母“”地象征意义就更是多姿多彩,且层出不穷.它地内涵随着情节和人物地发展变化而变化,因观察者立足点地不同而各异,展现出游移和飘忽地特性.“”是字母表中地第一个字母,意味着开始,而披基督教地教义来说,开始即是堕落,是无人得以幸免地原罪.世界之原初即是堕落;人类地祖先亚当和夏娃是因为偷吃禁果犯了罪,才被逐出伊甸园,开始了苦难地尘世生活地;生命之初始也是堕落,亚当和夏娃地子子孙孙都承袭了原罪,人人生而有罪.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习丁梅斯代尔地名字亚瑟()与亚当()一样都以“”开头,这绝非偶然.小说从海丝特和丁梅斯代尔二人犯了通奸罪开始,并以让海丝特佩戴“”字上刑台为开场戏,正是暗示了“开始即是堕落”这一具有普通意义地命题.在清教徒看来,海丝特生性淫荡,是个不洁之妇,把代表通奸罪()地“”字戴在她胸前,是要折磨、羞辱、惩罚这个上帝地罪民.他们自认为这样做便是忠实捍卫了上帝地戒律,却未曾想到,自己同时也犯一个更严重地罪,即自认为上帝.他们假借上帝地权力对同类进行了终极审判,以人地权威亵渎了真正地神权.“”字究竞象征着谁之罪过、谁之堕落,不能不引起人们地深思.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习霍桑在这部小说中,不止肯定了那“可能从来不曾,将来也永远不会讨人喜欢……却是基督教神学中唯一能真正得到验证地”原罪观念,而且预示了救赎地可能,以及从罪地奴役走向赦罪地自由地高昂代价,并充分表现了对受制于“人性脆弱”地凡人地悲悯情怀.这一切无不反映着基督教伦理思想地印迹,就这个意义上而言,说“霍桑地作品鲜明地体现出福音派教义地内容”也并不为过.但同时,霍桑在作品中又确实表现了对清教传统地矛盾心理和站在这一传统主流上地审慎反思.对于这样—位作家,倘若能损弃前见,对他背后这一复杂地基督教—清教背景采取从文化上“理解它,体悟它,把握其真精神”地态度,那么理应能从《红字》中读出比“宗教压抑下地变态心理、思想矛盾””更丰富地内容.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习艺术特色选用叙事者本身就是一种疏远手段.《红字》地叙事是以一个不愿承担叙事责任地全知叙事者地视角或无限制视点展开地.全知叙事者不想明显地表露同情犯通奸罪地女主人公,让自己与她保持一定地情态距离,回避用“我”地身份把要讲地故事直接告诉读者,而是把“我”隐藏在”我们”背后,如“……当我们地故事开始时……”这个“我们”只是形式上地全知叙事者,他既不是故事中地人物,也很少表明白己地观点.很多情况下,《红字》叙事者还运用内在叙事策赂,利用故事人物地视角来表达情感态度.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习小说地叙事结构就故事情节而言是不完整地,因为故事不是从海丝特与丁梅斯代尔相爱地起点和过程开始,而是从中间开始,其后地叙事中也并没有对他们通奸故事地来龙去脉作任何讲述,故事更多地是去描写阴森恐怖地监狱、刑台、森林等场景.虽然《红字》讲述四个人物……但它从根本上只有一个叙事或情节.当然.象征性场景成为小说地特色.曾方也指出“《红字》一般都缺乏真正地情节,往往用场景来代替.”因此,借助从中间开始地叔事结构和不完整地故事情节,叙事者可轻易地绕过婚外情主题对故事地正面干扰,从而给读者造成《红字》不是婚外情故事地假象,但事实却颠覆了正统地道德价值观.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习叙事距离本身并不是作品创作地目地,而是让作品与读者之间保持一种审美距离,从而增强作品艺术感染力和艺术品味地手段.象征手法是创设这种审美距离地重要修辞技巧之一.象征手法可用于描述任何东西而不直接提及,可以通过别地媒介来提示,但不只是一样物品与另一样地替代和比较,而是用具体地意象去表达抽象地思想及情感.因此,象征手段使本来熟悉地语言意义变得陌生、含糊、深邃、神秘,从而提高了审美效果.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习红字“”是贯穿全书地主线,也是最典型地象征.红色是一种能引起人们无限联想地颜色,在小说中它更是得到了充分地渲染,展示出了各种丰富地内涵.红色是血与火地颜色,是生命、力量与热情地象征.火是人类生活地光热之源,而爱情之火则是人类地生命之源.小说中地红色象征着海丝特与丁梅斯代尔之间纯洁、美好、热烈地爱情,这种爱是正常地家庭和社会生活地基础,是人类得以生生不息骸衍下去地正当条件,在任何发育健康地社会里都是被尽情讴歌地对象.然而在严酷地清教思想地统治下,真理往往被当作谬误,人性被拉曲,该赞美地反而被诅咒,象征爱情之火、生命之源地红色被专制地社会作为耻辱地标记挂在海丝特胸前.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习红色,确切地说“猩红”(),在这里也是罪地象征.它与罪地联系最早源于《圣经》.《圣经·启示录》十七章中所描写地那个“大淫妇”就身穿猩红地衣裳,她地坐骑也是一只通体写满亵渎之词地猩红兽.从此,猩红色就带上了堕落、淫荡和罪恶地含义.给海丝特戴上猩红地“”字就等于结她贴上了一个“淫荡”地标签.红色也可以是火刑地隐喻.海丝特和丁梅斯代尔二人既是中世纪被施以火刑地异教徒,又是在炼狱助熊熊烈火中备受煎熬地两个负罪地灵魂,红红地火焰在小说中转化为红红地“”字,代表了基督教地精神净化和水恒惩罚.在基督数地文化传统里,红色还代表了耶稣及其追随者所流地殉道之血.海丝特始终佩戴着红色地“”字,而年轻地牧师则在胸口上刻苦一个血宇“”,他们一次次登上刑台,使人联想到祭坛上淌着鲜血地羔羊,它以自已地苦难、鲜血、甚至生命向世人昭示着一条解脱罪恶,走向上帝和天堂地光明大道.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习。

The-Scarlet-Letter-红字读后感

The-Scarlet-Letter-红字读后感

The Scarlet Letter is rich with symbols which can stand for an idea, belief, action, or material entity. It is a characteristic of Hawthorne. He used symbols to reveal the psychology of the characters. So in the essay, I will mainly talk about the symbols in this book.The most important symbol in the book is the “the scarlet letter A”. When I first saw the main character Hester Prynne at the beginning of the book, the image come to my mind was the woman appeared in the bible, the angle “took me away in the Spirit into a waste land: and I saw a woman seated on a bright red beast, full of evil names, having seven heads and ten horns. And the woman was clothed in purple and bright red, with ornaments of gold and stones of great price and jewels; and in her hand were a gold cup full of evil things and her unclean desires”(revelution 17:3, 17:4). Here the woman “full of evils”was dressed in red, and seated on red. Red, or scarlet color was a kind of symbol of sin.The “scarlet” in this novel, however, can reflect much, not only sin.The color “scarlet” is just like the love between Hester and Arthur Dimmesdale, pure, sincere and enthusiastic. This kind of love is the foundation of the family and the society. It should be cherished if the society is well established. But, the novel was written in the mid-nineteenth century and took the mid-seventeenth century for theevents it describes. People at that time sought to establish an ideal community in America that could act as a model of influence for what they saw as a corrupt civil and religious order. This sense of mission was the center of their religious and social identity. Directed toward the realization of such an ideal, the Puritans required a strict moral regulation; anyone in the community who sinned threatened not only their soul, but the very possibility of civil and religious perfection in America and in England. Not coincidentally, the years Hawthorne chose to represent in The Scarlet Letter were the same as those of the English Civil War fought between King Charles I and the Puritan Parliament; the latter was naturally supported by the New England colonists. Under the rule of the Puritanism, the human nature had been constrained; people can not develop in a healthy way. The scarlet feeling that should be full of passion and happiness was suppressed. Meanwhile, the “scarlet” can also stand for the punishment of stake. Hester and Dimmesdale were just like pagans; their guilty souls were burned by the fire, and the fire had turned into the scarlet letter “A”. That meant their souls were purified in the long lasted punishment.As the novel described that Hester was a young woman who was tall with a figure of perfect elegance on a large scale. She had dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam, and a face which, besides being beautiful from regularity of feature andrichness of complexion, had the impressiveness belonging to a marked brow and deep black eyes. She was ladylike, too, after the manner of the feminine gentility of those days; characterized by a certain state and dignity, rather than by the delicate, evanescent, and indescribable grace, which is now recognized as its indication. There is no doubt that she was a charming woman, especially in the common crowd. But the scene was quite irony. This charming woman was the sinner. The scarlet letter A was on the breast of her gown, in fine red cloth, surrounded with elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold thread. She was a sinner who committed adultery more than an attractive woman. The scarlet letter A people gave her was to show she was an adulterous woman. It was a shame; As A is the first letter of the alphabet which means the start. As to doctrine, the start is fallen. The origin of the world is fallen. Adam and Eve‘s leaving Eden was a punishment for their act. Life beginning was a kind of fallen. The story begins with the scene that Hester was on the scaffold to accept the punishment implied that the beginning was the fallen. The name of Arthur Dimmesdale started with the letter A just liked Adam. He should be together with Hester, but he did not. For Hester, she hadn’t been faced with this, so what’s her first impulse is to clasp the infant closely to her bosom to hide this shame. But in a moment, she realized it’s unwise to hide a shame by another. Then she smiled, in a haughty way. At this moment, the scarlet letter A was no longer a kind ofsymbol of “adulterous”, a shame, but the fire inside that gave her the support together with the baby on her arm. She pulled through this situation and in her later life the scarlet A also accomplished her and turned into different meanings. It just like a ferule that regularize her behavior, cultivate her virtue, constrained her human nature and also firmed her faith to pursuit her happiness. In her latter life, she lived a pure life. Her needle work was supremely good that the scarlet letter A seemed to become a praise that represented art. Not only had her needle work winned her praise, but she herself was such a kind person who always helped others who were in trouble that wined others’ respect. The scarlet letter A became a symbol of “able” or “angle”. It could be also regarded as the cross of nuns, stranded for “Acts of the apostles”. Till this moment, the scarlet letter A was no longer a symbol of shame. What’s interesting, in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, there also a nun who had an A.The scarlet letter itself is the principal symbols in the novel, and there are many others. In the first chapter the wild rosebush symbolizes dissent in its reference to the historical figure Anne Hutchinson, who led a group of religious dissenters in colonial Massachusetts. Meanwhile it also symbolizes Hester and even a foreshadowing of the scarlet letter that she wears.What’s more, individuals in the novel can also be understood assymbols. For instance, Arthur Dimmesdale, with all of his profound pain and suffering, is symbolic of the high value of truth and the irony of its unattainability. In others’ eyes, there would “never had man spoken in so wise, so high, and so holy a spirit, as he that spoke this day; nor had inspiration ever breathed through mortal lips more evidently than it did through his.” Such a high praised priest, however, was not as perfect as they thought. Dimmesdale is presented as a figure of frailty and weakness in contrast to Hester's strength both moral and physical, pride, and determination. He consistently refuses to confess his sin (until the end), even though he repeatedly states that it were better, less spiritually painful. Even when he decided to escape, he cried himself "Am I mad? Or am I given over utterly to the fiend? Did I make a contract with him in the forest, and sign it with my blood? “He was cowardice and contradictory that he doomed to a tragedy.In this novel, there exist lots of symbols that some are obvious, some are secret. When we read more deeply, we can find that literature is like a travel, you can find much that beyond your imagination.。

《红字》英文读后感

《红字》英文读后感

《红字》英文读后感"The Scarlet Letter" Reflection"The Scarlet Letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a remarkable novel that explores the themes of sin, guilt, and redemption in a Puritan society. After reading this thought-provoking book, I have gained a deeper understanding of the consequences of societal judgment and the power of overcoming one's past.The story revolves around Hester Prynne, a young woman who is publicly shamed and branded with a scarlet letter "A" for committing adultery. Set in 17th-century Boston, the novel examines the harsh moral code enforced by the Puritan community and its impact on the lives of its inhabitants.One of the aspects that struck me the most while reading "The Scarlet Letter" was the characterization of Hester Prynne. Despite the intense scrutiny and judgment from those around her, Hester remains resilient and refuses to let her mistakes define her. She transforms the meaning of the scarlet letter from a mark of shame to a symbol of strength and independence. Her ability to bear her burden with grace and dignity is truly inspiring.Another theme explored in the novel is the destructive power of guilt. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, Hester's lover and the father of her child, suffers greatly from the secret sin they share. Hawthorne masterfully portrays the inner torment and self-punishment that Dimmesdale experiences, as he hides his guilt from the community. This depiction made me reflect onthe harmful effects of repressed guilt and the importance of acknowledging one's mistakes in order to seek redemption."The Scarlet Letter" also delves into the concept of hypocrisy within religious institutions. Despite preaching about forgiveness and love, the Puritan society depicted in the novel is quick to condemn and judge those who deviate from their strict moral code. This hypocrisy is epitomized by the character of Roger Chillingworth, Hester's vengeful husband. Instead of forgiveness and reconciliation, Chillingworth seeks revenge, embodying the darker side of human nature.One of the most profound messages conveyed in "The Scarlet Letter" is the possibility of redemption and personal growth. Through Hester's determination to rise above her sin and Dimmesdale's eventual confession, the novel suggests that true redemption comes from acknowledging one's faults and making amends. It teaches us that it is never too late to find forgiveness and start anew.In addition to its profound themes, I also appreciated the vivid and detailed descriptions of the Puritan society in "The Scarlet Letter." Hawthorne's eloquent prose paints a picture of a rigid and austere community, where individuality is suppressed in favor of strict adherence to societal norms. These descriptions transported me back in time and allowed me to better understand the social and cultural context in which the story unfolds.In conclusion, "The Scarlet Letter" is a powerful novel that explores the complexities of human nature, sin, and redemption. Through compelling characters and thought-provoking themes, Nathaniel Hawthorne presents acritique of society's judgmental nature and the transformative power of forgiveness. This book serves as a reminder that true redemption lies in accepting one's past and striving for personal growth. "The Scarlet Letter" is a literary masterpiece that continues to resonate with readers, challenging our notions of morality and reminding us of the importance of compassion and forgiveness.。

the scarlet letter读后感200

the scarlet letter读后感200

the scarlet letter读后感200摘要:1.引言2.《红字》的背景和主题3.对主人公海丝特的感受4.对书中其他角色的感受5.对《红字》的反思6.结论正文:【引言】《红字》(The Scarlet Letter)是美国著名作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑创作的一部小说。

这部作品以十七世纪的美洲殖民地为背景,讲述了一个关于罪恶、道德和救赎的故事。

读完这部作品,我深受启发,对故事中的人物和情节产生了许多感悟。

【《红字》的背景和主题】《红字》的故事发生在十七世纪的美洲殖民地,那时的社会氛围十分保守,道德观念严谨。

小说以一个被定罪的妇女海丝特·白兰为线索,讲述了她因犯下通奸罪而受到严惩,被判在胸前佩戴代表罪恶的红字“A”。

这部作品的主题是道德与罪恶,通过讲述海丝特的故事,探讨了人性的复杂和道德观念的矛盾。

【对主人公海丝特的感受】海丝特·白兰是小说的主人公,她的坚韧和勇敢让我深感敬佩。

尽管她受到了不公的待遇,但她始终没有向命运低头。

她选择在波士顿定居,尽管那里的居民对她恶语相向,她仍然用自己的双手创造生活。

她的勇敢和坚定使我认识到,在面对困难时,我们应该勇敢地去面对,而不是选择逃避。

【对书中其他角色的感受】除了海丝特,小说中的其他角色也给我留下了深刻的印象。

例如,海丝特的丈夫亚瑟·丁梅斯代尔,他在知道自己被戴绿帽子后,没有选择报复,而是默默地承受痛苦。

这表现出他的宽容和善良。

另一方面,海丝特的情人丁梅斯代尔牧师,他在犯下罪行后,不敢承担责任,将罪责推卸给海丝特,这使他成为了一个典型的伪君子。

这些角色的形象使我深刻地认识到人性的复杂,同时也使我反思了自己的价值观。

【对《红字》的反思】《红字》这部作品让我对道德和罪恶有了更深刻的认识。

在小说中,霍桑通过讲述海丝特的故事,让我们看到了人性的复杂和道德观念的矛盾。

这部作品告诉我们,每个人都有犯错的可能,但我们不能因为别人的错误而对他们进行恶意的攻击。

红字英文介绍The_Scarlet_Letter

红字英文介绍The_Scarlet_Letter

In contrast, the studies of Hawthorne in America, put focus on the concept of romance with drawing on the achievements of science community, like electric theory. There are so many great achievements concerning all kinds of ideas, however, when readers think of Hawthorne’s attitude to religion, they are limited to the idea that Hawthorne was in a dilemma: either betray his religion or depress the nature. But in fact Hawthorne found the balance between them in The Scarlet Letter when he treated religion as a tool of regulation function rather than pure belief. 相比之下,中国的研究主要是文学研究,而美国则关注于作品中的科学原理。 虽然研究众多,但是读者在思考霍桑的宗教态度时候总是认为霍桑处于两难 境地,是背叛信仰还是抑制人性。但是在《红字》中,霍桑其实已经找到了 两者之间的平衡点——他把宗教当成是一种具有调节社区的工具而不是纯粹 的信仰
Introduction
• The Scarlet Letter told a story of a puritan woman Hester Prynne who was punished to wear a scarlet A which stood for the crime of adultery. The pretty young lady tried to settle down in Boston with her old and ugly husband Chillinggworth, a scholar. But the latter did not appear for years. During this time, Hester committed adultery with a local Minster Dimmesdale, and gave birth to a girl Pearl. Facing the terrible punishment, Hester refused to give her lover’s name away to protect him. Years later, the husband Chillinggworth came to the town and found out the whole truth, and he operated an horror revenge on Dimmesdale, with hiding his own true name. Yet, as the story going, Hester and Dimmesdale became sympathetic figures, while Chillinggworth was a devil at last. • Just because of the ending, The Scarlet Letter was defined as nothing but a coarse and vulgar book with ideas that would pervert the minds of readers, when it was published at first. However people realized with great value and worthy to study again and again.

英语专业毕业论文《红字》赏析全英文

英语专业毕业论文《红字》赏析全英文

英语专业毕业论文《红字》赏析全英文浅析《红字》中象征主义手法的运用AbstractNathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist in America in the 19th century. As a great romantic novelist, Hawthorne is outstanding in handling application of symbolism.The Scarlet Letter is Hawthorne's most important symbolic novel, which is the best work of Hawthorne and one of the indubitable masterpieces of American Literature. And it is this novel that makes Nathaniel Hawthorne known all around the world. In this work, Hawthorne uses the symbolism so skillfully that it enhances the artistic effects of his work greatly. In The Scarlet Letter, symbolism runs through the whole novel. The most important symbol is the scarlet letter itsel f. Not only does “A” manifest in various forms, but also it has changing meanings from “adultery” to“able”, even “a n gelic” in the novel. Besides, the name of the four major characters in the novel: Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth and Pearl also have their own symbolic meanings. Some other objects and natural surroundings that are described in the novel such as the jail, the forest, the rose bush and so on are all endowed with a deep symbolic significance. The author of the thesis will explore the usage of symbolism in The Scarlet Letter from the three aspectsmentioned abo ve and analyze Hawthorne’s skillful use of symbolism in The Scarlet Letter.Key Words: the scarlet letter;symbolism;Hester Prynne;Pearl摘要纳撒尼尔·霍桑是十九世纪美国伟大的浪漫主义小说家。

The-Scarlet-Letter红字分析鉴赏

The-Scarlet-Letter红字分析鉴赏

(1804—1864)
Biography:
Born July 4, 1804
first work Fanshawe,
in 1828
Scarlet Letter in 1850
entered Bowdoin College in
1821
marrying Sophia Peabody in 1842
ly. The spirit of Puritanism could be seen in nearly all his works, such as "evil", Calvin system, and "spiritualization" and so on played an important role in almost all his wo rks.
the use of supernatural
The symbol serves
to keep the reader
as a weapon to
in the world of
attack reality. It
uncertainty –
can be f
everywhere in his
c. One source of evil that Hawthorne was concerned most is overreaching intellect. His intellectual characters are usually villains罪犯, dreadful because devoid缺乏 of fellow feeling.
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《红字》读后感英文

《红字》读后感英文

The Scarlet LetterBefore I read this book, which written by Hawthorne, the book’s name drove me into thought, what content the book would show for me? Why it was named the scarlet letter. While now, it is clearly that the scarlet letter was what embroidered and illuminated upon the heroine’s bosom, Hester Prynne , in fine red cloth, stitched by fantastic flourished of gold thread. It is because that Hester was found guilty of adultery by a court of stern Puritan judges. By Hawthorne’s description, I always constructed the scene in my thought, the image of Hester, actually, she was the only character I praised in the book, though sometimes she was a woman with nervousness.From the beginning to the end, Hester grew strong, for taking good care of little Pearl, being merciful to help people who rejected her first, as for these, gradually, the scarlet had been converted into good meanings, such as Able, copying with Roger Chillingworth, her husband, coming up with solutions for Arthur Dimmesdale, her lover. All the time, Hester suppressed her feelings, avoided any contention with people, except fought for the right raising little Pearl. With her light hand, little Pearl was dressed up as an angel, anoble princess.In fact, what attracted me so much was the dialogue among characters. This book was replete with so many descriptions about surroundings, characters’ image, psychology, which seemed a little bored for me. But every dialogue was the great presentation of the spirit of every character, and exciting. Especially when I read the later part, The Pastor and His Parishioner, the first time I began to feel the deep love between these two pitiful persons. But I thought Arthur was not worth Hester’s love, coward, sensitiveness, hypocrisy, remorse, all of these drove him into faint, sick, miserable, and being to die at last.Roger was a hateful, but same poor character. During the last half of his life, he was triggered in the resentment. He turned from a scholar to a demon. Actually, I thought there was still goodness in his heart, just like he left his property to little Pearl. His change due to the resentment for Arthur, while, once Arthur confess himself in front of people, the truth had been revealed, and Arthur died at last, he had nothing to resent for, what held him all the time had broken down. The fate waiting for him was also death. I had a little sympathy for him, during his whole life, he didn’t feel love, except when Hester and he just married. After a long hard life, he had thought he would get love or warmth from Hester, but what he hadto face was just the humiliation Hester gave him. Apart from resentment, what else could he do? In some extent, after all, he put forward Arthur’s life. Though, spiritual torture may be more hateful than physical torture.And about little Pearl, I thought she was just the representation of Arthur and Hester’s love production, Pearl’s character and appearance, undoubtedly was their combination. Actually, it is a little difficult for me to understand Pearl’s character, sometimes her behaviors were totally confused me, but I thought these just due to her growth’s environment, or her only reliance, Hester, and her gift for understanding life. She had strong love for Hester, just as Hester said, Pearl would also give her love to Arthur, at the last scene, when this family was getting together, Pearly was tearing for Arthur’s death.Seen from the whole book, I was satisfied with the ending, Hester returned where she had been her sin, sorrow and yet to be her penitence. She served one tombstone with Arthur, though not mingled together. It was enough for Hester. Also, with great property Pearly lived another happy life, everyone deserved what he or she should.The last few words: ON A FIELD, SABLE, THE LETTER A, GULES just like a time machine, driving me back to the story’s firstbeginning…。

The-Scarlet-Letter-红字读后感

The-Scarlet-Letter-红字读后感

The Scarlet Letter is rich with symbols which can stand for an idea, belief, action, or material entity. It is a characteristic of Hawthorne. He used symbols to reveal the psychology of the characters. So in the essay, I will mainly talk about the symbols in this book.The most important symbol in the book is the “the scarlet letter A”. When I first saw the main character Hester Prynne at the beginning of the book, the image come to my mind was the woman appeared in the bible, the angle “took me away in the Spirit into a waste land: and I saw a woman seated on a bright red beast, full of evil names, having seven heads and ten horns. And the woman was clothed in purple and bright red, with ornaments of gold and stones of great price and jewels; and in her hand were a gold cup full of evil things and her unclean desires”(revelution 17:3, 17:4). Here the woman “full of evils”was dressed in red, and seated on red. Red, or scarlet color was a kind of symbol of sin.The “scarlet” in this novel, however, can reflect much, not only sin.The color “scarlet” is just like the love between Hester and Arthur Dimmesdale, pure, sincere and enthusiastic. This kind of love is the foundation of the family and the society. It should be cherished if the society is well established. But, the novel was written in the mid-nineteenth century and took the mid-seventeenth century for theevents it describes. People at that time sought to establish an ideal community in America that could act as a model of influence for what they saw as a corrupt civil and religious order. This sense of mission was the center of their religious and social identity. Directed toward the realization of such an ideal, the Puritans required a strict moral regulation; anyone in the community who sinned threatened not only their soul, but the very possibility of civil and religious perfection in America and in England. Not coincidentally, the years Hawthorne chose to represent in The Scarlet Letter were the same as those of the English Civil War fought between King Charles I and the Puritan Parliament; the latter was naturally supported by the New England colonists. Under the rule of the Puritanism, the human nature had been constrained; people can not develop in a healthy way. The scarlet feeling that should be full of passion and happiness was suppressed. Meanwhile, the “scarlet” can also stand for the punishment of stake. Hester and Dimmesdale were just like pagans; their guilty souls were burned by the fire, and the fire had turned into the scarlet letter “A”. That meant their souls were purified in the long lasted punishment.As the novel described that Hester was a young woman who was tall with a figure of perfect elegance on a large scale. She had dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam, and a face which, besides being beautiful from regularity of feature andrichness of complexion, had the impressiveness belonging to a marked brow and deep black eyes. She was ladylike, too, after the manner of the feminine gentility of those days; characterized by a certain state and dignity, rather than by the delicate, evanescent, and indescribable grace, which is now recognized as its indication. There is no doubt that she was a charming woman, especially in the common crowd. But the scene was quite irony. This charming woman was the sinner. The scarlet letter A was on the breast of her gown, in fine red cloth, surrounded with elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold thread. She was a sinner who committed adultery more than an attractive woman. The scarlet letter A people gave her was to show she was an adulterous woman. It was a shame; As A is the first letter of the alphabet which means the start. As to doctrine, the start is fallen. The origin of the world is fallen. Adam and Eve‘s leaving Eden was a punishment for their act. Life beginning was a kind of fallen. The story begins with the scene that Hester was on the scaffold to accept the punishment implied that the beginning was the fallen. The name of Arthur Dimmesdale started with the letter A just liked Adam. He should be together with Hester, but he did not. For Hester, she hadn’t been faced with this, so what’s her first impulse is to clasp the infant closely to her bosom to hide this shame. But in a moment, she realized it’s unwise to hide a shame by another. Then she smiled, in a haughty way. At this moment, the scarlet letter A was no longer a kind ofsymbol of “adulterous”, a shame, but the fire inside that gave her the support together with the baby on her arm. She pulled through this situation and in her later life the scarlet A also accomplished her and turned into different meanings. It just like a ferule that regularize her behavior, cultivate her virtue, constrained her human nature and also firmed her faith to pursuit her happiness. In her latter life, she lived a pure life. Her needle work was supremely good that the scarlet letter A seemed to become a praise that represented art. Not only had her needle work winned her praise, but she herself was such a kind person who always helped others who were in trouble that wined others’ respect. The scarlet letter A became a symbol of “able” or “angle”. It could be also regarded as the cross of nuns, stranded for “Acts of the apostles”. Till this moment, the scarlet letter A was no longer a symbol of shame. What’s interesting, in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, there also a nun who had an A.The scarlet letter itself is the principal symbols in the novel, and there are many others. In the first chapter the wild rosebush symbolizes dissent in its reference to the historical figure Anne Hutchinson, who led a group of religious dissenters in colonial Massachusetts. Meanwhile it also symbolizes Hester and even a foreshadowing of the scarlet letter that she wears.What’s more, individuals in the novel can also be understood assymbols. For instance, Arthur Dimmesdale, with all of his profound pain and suffering, is symbolic of the high value of truth and the irony of its unattainability. In others’ eyes, there would “never had man spoken in so wise, so high, and so holy a spirit, as he that spoke this day; nor had inspiration ever breathed through mortal lips more evidently than it did through his.” Such a high praised priest, however, was not as perfect as they thought. Dimmesdale is presented as a figure of frailty and weakness in contrast to Hester's strength both moral and physical, pride, and determination. He consistently refuses to confess his sin (until the end), even though he repeatedly states that it were better, less spiritually painful. Even when he decided to escape, he cried himself "Am I mad? Or am I given over utterly to the fiend? Did I make a contract with him in the forest, and sign it with my blood? “He was cowardice and contradictory that he doomed to a tragedy.In this novel, there exist lots of symbols that some are obvious, some are secret. When we read more deeply, we can find that literature is like a travel, you can find much that beyond your imagination.。

The_Scarlet_Letter(红字)英语读后感

The_Scarlet_Letter(红字)英语读后感

Analysis of The Scarlet Letter"The Scarlet Letter" is the American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne's most outstanding representative of the United States as a whole romantic story in the most prestigious works of one of the authority.'s Novel The story takes place in the mid-seventeenth century Calvin who were under the rule of the Boston, the author At that time, the social status quo from the start, through a touching love story to expose the tragedy of the spirit of the people, spiritual and moral destruction.The story happened in Boston about 200 years ago. It narrates love affairs between three persons. The punished woman. Hester Prynne and his husband. Who called himself Roger Chillingworth . He is an old misshapen man and a doctor. Hester does not love him at all. Another man is a young minister, Dimmesdale, who has a high position among ministers and is highly respected among his people in town. Hester and Dimmesdale love each other. But their love is forbidden in that time . It is sinful. Due to this,Hester is punished by society with a letter A on her chest, which considered an evil, a shame.Hester’s love affairs with Arthur Dimmesdale and the birth of an illegitimate child Pearl was viewed as ignominy. She was forced to stand on the scaffold of the pillory, an infant on her arm, under the heavy weight of a thousand unrelenting eyes, all fastened upon her, and concentrated on the scarlet letter, so fantastically embroidered upon her bosom. In the eyes of Puritans, from governors, clergyman, to matrons and children, Hester was a sinner, with the scarlet letter “A” as a mark of shame, which should be remained for the rest of her life as a punishment. As for Hester, she accepted her crime and the identity the society assigned for her, and spared no effort to make atonement for her sins. She lived in a mall thatched cottage, with no neighborhoods, earned her living by handiwork, and led the most plainest and ascetic life. Besides, she employed in making coarse garments for the poor and spared her money for charity.onely as was Hester's situation, and without a friend on earth who dared to showhimself, she, however, incurred no risk of want. She possessed an art that sufficed, even in a land that afforded comparatively little scope for its exercise, to supply food for her thriving infant and herself. It was the art- then, as now, almost the only one within a woman's grasp- of needlework.She bore on her breast, in the curiously embroidered letter, a specimen of her delicate and imaginative skill, of which the dames of a court might gladly have availed themselves, to add the richer and more spiritual adornment of human ingenuity to their fabrics of silk and gold. Here, indeed, in the sable simplicity that generally characterized the Puritanic modes of dress, there might be an infrequent call for the finer productions of her handiwork. Yet the taste of the age, demanding whatever was elaborate in compositions of this kind, did not fail to extend its influence over our stern progenitors, who had cast behind them so many fashions which it might seem harder to dispense with. Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a somber, but yet a studied magnificence. Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power; and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order. In the array of funerals, too-whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic-devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors- there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply. Baby-linen- for babies then wore robes of state- afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.Hester Prynne, his strong, perseverance, love of the faithful. Although the ruled that the guilty, but she has a clean, pure. Her spirit rising to become truth, benevolence and beauty in disguise. She moves on to teach and the right of the feudal regime of oppression under the love, human rights and freedoms fullyaffirmed.Prynne and Dimmesdale initially had a red-hot love, although he had to retreat, to cover for their own comfort, but the heart of the suffering has not been affected by his calm and security, on the contrary, more and more strongly. He Prynne and the date, he flails on the stage of self-punishment of repentance, and their escape plans, as well as the final public speeches have become Dimmesdale's love toward the altar of the approaching step by step by step. Finally,he say a few words T-shirt, people see a large cake in his chest A red characters. A word that is actually baked in his mind, this is the distillation of love.Dimmesdale is a coward and a hypocrite.Worse, he is self-confused coward and hypocrite. He knows what he has to do still the voice of his conscience and make his space with God. He simply cannot bring himself to do it. He lacks the will even wish to live or die. What happens to a man who struggles to hide terrible sin in the depths of his heart,but who believes profoundly in a God that sees and loves the truth? Maybe this is a question Hawthorne asked himself in cresting the character of Arthur Dimmesdale. If the minister is a brilliant study in guilt,it is because he believes with all soul that his sin is terrible , and that a concerned personal God is watching every move he makes.In the Scarlet Letter, passion justifies nothing , while its denial justifies all. The fallen Eden of his world remains fallen; but the sinful priest purges himself by public confession ,becomes worthy of his sole remaining way to salvation ,death.。

the scarlet letter中文译文

the scarlet letter中文译文

the scarlet letter中文译文《红字》(The Scarlet Letter)是一部经典小说,由美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑(Nathaniel Hawthorne)于1850年发表。

这部小说被誉为美国文学史上的巨著,讲述了一个在17世纪新英格兰社会中,因性丑闻被判刑的女性海薇·普林(Hester Prynne)的故事。

在小说中,霍桑为读者呈现出海薇·普林的故事,并通过她的故事,深刻地反思了人性、道德和社会价值观。

除此之外,小说中还存在着大量的 symbol(象征符号),如红字、夜、森林等,这些 symbol 为小说增添了不少意义和魅力。

随着《红字》的国际影响逐渐加大,这部小说被译成多种语言,并且在中文学术界中也有多个译本。

“红字”的中文译文主要有王士祯译本、严合标译本、钱钟书译本和顾颉刚译本等。

下面我将对这几个译本进行比较和评价。

首先是王士祯译本。

据我所知,这个译本是最早的中文译本之一,最早发表于20世纪50年代。

相较于其他译本,这个译本的语言简练,易于理解,也比较符合当时的中文读者的口味。

然而,王士祯译本在翻译原著中的symbol 时并未十分准确地传达原意,这与原著的意图不相符。

其次是严合标译本。

相对于王士祯译本,严合标译本对原著中 symbol 的传达更为准确,但在整体语言风格上相对较为生硬。

这个译本的语言并不够流畅,也不能使人深入感受到原著中的情感和气氛。

因此,虽然这个译本的准确度得到了提高,但整体阅读体验并不是很好。

其次是钱钟书译本。

这个译本被誉为是中国现代化大师之一的钱钟书先生所作的《红字》中文翻译。

这个译本在语言上追求的是优美和准确,而结合钱老的文学智慧和阅读体验,使得这个译本得到了众多中文读者的喜爱。

不过,相较于原著,译本在符号的传达上仍然存在一定的问题。

最后是顾颉刚译本。

这个译本是较为新近的一个版本,其中翻译者尤其关注了原著中 symbol 的传达。

The_Scarlet_Letter《红字》作品分析

The_Scarlet_Letter《红字》作品分析

The Scarlet LetterPlot summaryThe novel takes place during the summer in 17th-century Boston, Massachusetts in a Puritan village. A young woman, named Hester Prynne, has been led from the town prison with her infant daughter in her arms and on the breast of her gown "a rag of scarlet cloth" that "assumed the shape of a letter." It was the uppercase letter "A". The Scarlet Letter "A" represents the act of adultery that she has committed and it is to be a symbol of her sin—a badge of shame—for all to see. A man, who was elderly and a stranger to the town, enters the crowd and asks another onlooker what's happening. He responds by explaining that Hester is being punished for adultery. Hester's husband, who is much older than she, and whose real name is unknown, has sent her ahead to America whilst settling affairs in Europe. However, her husband does not arrive in Boston, and the consensus is that he has been lost at sea. It is apparent that, while waiting for her husband, Hester has had an affair, leading to the birth of her daughter. She will not reveal her lover's identity, however, and the scarlet letter, along with her subsequent public shaming, is the punishment for her sin and secrecy. On this day Hester is led to the town scaffold and harangued by the town fathers, but she again refuses to identify her child's father.[2]The elderly onlooker is Hester's missing husband, who is now practicing medicine and calling himself Roger Chillingworth. He settles in Boston, intent on revenge. He reveals his true identity to no one but Hester, whom he has sworn to secrecy. Several years pass. Hester supports herself by working as a seamstress, and her daughter Pearl grows into a willful, impish child—in Hawthorne's work, Pearl is more of a symbol than an actual character—and is said to be the scarlet letter come to life as both Hester's love and her punishment. Shunned by the community, they live in a small cottage on the outskirts of Boston. Community officials attempt to take Pearl away from Hester, but with the help of Arthur Dimmesdale, an eloquent minister, the mother and daughter manage to stay together. Dimmesdale, however, appears to be wasting away and suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress. Chillingworth attaches himself to the ailing minister and eventually moves in with him so that he can provide his patient with round-the-clock care. Chillingworth also suspects that there may be a connection between the minister's torments and Hester's secret, and he begins to test Dimmesdale to see what he can learn. One afternoon, while the minister sleeps, Chillingworth discovers something undescribed to the reader, supposedly an "A" burned into Dimmesdale's chest, which convinces him that his suspicions are correct.[2]Dimmesdale's psychological anguish deepens, and he invents new tortures for himself. In the meantime, Hester's charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community. One night, when Pearl is about seven years old, she and her mother are returning home from a visit to the deathbed of John Winthrop when they encounter Dimmesdale atop the town scaffold, trying to punish himself for his sins. Hester and Pearl join him, and the three link hands. Dimmesdale refuses Pearl's request that he acknowledge her publicly the next day, and a meteor marks a dull red "A" in the night sky. It is interpreted by the townsfolk to mean Angel, as a prominent figure in the community had died that night, but Dimmesdale sees it as meaning adultery. Hester can see that the minister's condition is worsening, and she resolves to intervene. She goes to Chillingworth and asks him to stop adding to Dimmesdale's self-torment. Chillingworth refuses. She suggests that she may reveal his true identity to Dimmesdale.[2]Later in the story, while walking through the forest, the sun would not shine on Hester, although Pearl could bask in it. They then encounter Dimmesdale, as he is taking a walk in the woods that day. Hester informs Dimmesdale of the true identity of Chillingworth and the former lovers decide to flee to Europe, where they can live with Pearl as a family. They will take a ship sailing from Boston in four days. Both feel a sense of release, and Hester removes her scarlet letter and lets down her hair. The sun immediately breaks through the clouds and trees to illuminate her release and joy. Pearl, playing nearby, does not recognize her mother without the letter. She is unnerved and expels a shriek until her mother points out the letter on the ground. Hester beckons Pearl to come to her, but Pearl will not go to her mother until Hester buttons the letter back onto her dress. Pearl then goes to her mother. Dimmesdale gives Pearl a kiss on the forehead, which Pearl immediately tries to wash off in the brook, because he again refuses to make known publicly their relationship. However, he too clearly feels a release from the pretense of his former life, and the laws and sins he has lived with.The day before the ship is to sail, the townspeople gather for a holiday put on in honor of an election and Dimmesdale preaches his most eloquent sermon ever. Meanwhile, Hester has learned that Chillingworth knows of their plan and has booked passage on the same ship. Dimmesdale, leaving the church after his sermon, sees Hester and Pearl standing before the town scaffold. He impulsively mounts the scaffold with his lover and his daughter, and confesses publicly, exposing the mark supposedly seared into the flesh of his chest. He falls dead just after Pearl kisses him.[2]Frustrated in his revenge, Chillingworth dies a year later. Hester and Pearl leave Boston, and no one knows what has happened to them. Many years later, Hester returns alone, still wearing the scarlet letter, to live in her old cottage and resumes her charitable work. She receives occasional letters from Pearl, who was rumored to have married a European aristocrat and established a family of her own. Pearl also inherits all of Chillingworth's money even though he knows she is not his daughter. There is a sense of liberation in her and the townspeople, especially the women, who had finally begun to forgive Hester of her tragic indiscretion. When Hester dies, she is buried in "a new grave near an old and sunken one, in that burial ground beside which King's Chapel has since been built. It was near that old and sunken grave, yet with a space between, as if the dust of the two sleepers had no right to mingle. Yet one tombstone served for both." The tombstone was decorated with a letter "A", for Hester and Dimmesdale.Character ListHester Prynne A young woman sent to the colonies by her husband, who plans to join her later but is presumed lost at sea. She is a symbol of the acknowledged sinner; one whose transgression has been identified and who makes appropriate, socio-religious atonement.(Hester Prynne is the central and most important character in The Scarlet Letter. Hester was married to Roger Chillingworth while living in England and, later, Amsterdam — a city to which many English Puritans moved for religious freedom. Hester preceded her husband to New England, as he had business matters to settle in Amsterdam, and after approximately two years in America she committed adultery with the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale.The novel begins as Hester nears the end of her prison term for adultery. While adultery was considered a grave threat to the Puritan community, such that death was considered a just punishment, the Puritan authorities weighed the long absence and possible death of her husband in their sentence. Thus, they settled on the punishment of permanent public humiliation and moral example: Hester was to forever wear the scarlet letter A on the bodice of her clothing.While seemingly free to leave the community and even America at her will, Hester chooses to stay. As the narrator puts it, "Here, she said to herself, had been the scene of her guilt, and here should be the scene of her earthly punishment; and so, perchance, the torture of her daily shame would at length purge her soul." According to this reasoning, Hester assumes her residence in a small abandoned cottage on the outskirts of the community.While the novel is, in large part, a record of the torment Hester suffers under the burden of her symbol of shame, eventually, after the implied marriage of her daughter Pearl and the death of Chillingworth and Dimmesdale, Hester becomes an accepted and even a highly valued member of the community. Instead of being a symbol of scorn, Hester, and the letter A, according to the narrator, "became a type of something to be sorrowed over, and looked upon with awe, yet with reverence too." The people of the community even come to Hester for comfort and counsel in times of trouble and sorrow because they trust her to offer unselfish advice toward the resolution of upsetting conflict. Thus, in the end, Hester becomes an important figure in preserving the peace and stability of the community.)Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale Dimmesdale is the unmarried pastor of Hester's congregation; he is also the father of Hester's daughter, Pearl. He is a symbol of the secret sinner; one who recognizes his transgression but keeps it hidden and secret, even to his own downfall.(Arthur Dimmesdale is the young, charismatic minister with whom Hester commits adultery. Unlike Hester, who bears the child Pearl by their affair, Dimmesdale shows no outward evidence of his sin, and, as Hester doesnot expose him, he lives with the great anguish of his secret guilt until he confesses publicly and soon after dies near the end of the novel.Dimmesdale is presented as a figure of frailty and weakness in contrast to Hester's strength (both moral and physical), pride, and determination. He consistently refuses to confess his sin (until the end), even though he repeatedly states that it were better, less spiritually painful, if his great failing were known. Thus Dimmesdale struggles through the years and the narrative, enduring and faltering beneath his growing pain (with both the help and harm of Roger Chillingworth), until, after his failed plan to escape to Europe with Hester and Pearl, he confesses and dies.)Pearl Pearl is the illegitimate daughter of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. She is the living manifestation of Hester's sin and a symbol of the product of the act of adultery and of an act of passion and love.(Pearl is the daughter of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. Necessarily marginal to Puritan society and scorned by other children, she grows up as an intimate of nature and the forest. Symbolically recreating the scarlet letter, Hester, in opposition to her own drab wardrobe, dresses Pearl in brilliant, decorative clothing such "that there was an absolute circle of radiance about her."Like most characters in The Scarlet Letter, Pearl is complex and contradictory. On the one hand, as the narrator describes, she "could not be made amenable to rules." At one moment in the novel, her disregard of authority takes the form of a violent game where she pretends to destroy the children of the Puritan elders: "the ugliest weeds of the garden [she imagined were the elders'] children, whom Pearl smote down and uprooted, most unmercifully." On the other hand, at a climactic point in the narrative, where Hester discards the scarlet letter on the floor of the forest, it is Pearl who dramatically insists that she resume the potent symbol. The form of her insistence is particularly important, for, against her mother's request, she does not bring the letter to Hester, but obstinately has Hester fetch the letter herself. This moment demonstrates one of the central conflicted themes of the novel about the authoritarian imposition of law and the willing subjection to it, or even embodiment of it. In this scene Pearl becomes the figure of authority to whom Hester willingly, if symbolically, obeys. Pearl eventually leaves with Hester for Europe (though Hester returns), where, it is implied, Pearl stays and, with the aid of Chillingworth's inheritance, is married to nobility.)Roger Chillingworth The pseudonym assumed by Hester Prynne's aged scholar-husband. He is a symbol of evil, of the "devil's handyman," of one consumed with revenge and devoid of compassion.(Roger Chillingworth is the alias of Hester's husband. The two were married in England and moved together to Amsterdam before Hester preceded Chillingworth to America. Chillingworth is a man devoted to knowledge. His outward physical deformity (a hunchback) is symbolic of his devotion to deep, as opposed to superficial, knowledge. His lifelong study of apothecary and the healing arts, first in Europe and later among the Indians of America, is a sincere benevolent exercise until he discovers his wife's infidelity, whereupon he turns his skills toward the evil of revenge.Chillingworth is introduced near the very start of the narrative, where he discovers Hester upon the scaffold with Pearl, the scarlet letter upon her chest, and displayed for public shame. After surviving a shipwreck on his voyage to America, he lived for some time among the Indians and slowly made his way to Boston and Hester. Upon discovering Hester's "ignominious" situation, Chilling-worth declines to announce his identity and instead chooses to reside in Boston to find and avenge himself on Hester's lover. When Dimmesdale becomes ill with the effects of his sin, Chillingworth comes to live with him under the same roof. Reneging on an earlier promise, Hester eventually discloses Chillingworth's identity to Dimmesdale. Soon after Dimmesdale publicly confesses his sin and, as Chillingworth puts it, "Hadst thou sought the whole earth over there was no one place so secret, —no high place nor lowly place, where thou couldst have escaped me, —save on this very scaffold!" Thus, his vengeful victory taken from him, Chillingworth soon dies, though not before leaving all of his substantial wealth to Pearl.)Governor Bellingham This actual historical figure, Richard Bellingham, was elected governor in 1641, 1654, and 1665. In The Scarlet Letter, he witnesses Hester's punishment and is a symbol of civil authority and,combined with John Wilson, of the Puritan Theocracy.Mistress Hibbins Another historical figure, Ann Hibbins, sister of Governor Bellingham, was executed for witchcraft in 1656. In the novel, she has insight into the sins of both Hester and Dimmesdale and is a symbol of super or preternatural knowledge and evil powers.John Wilson The historical figure on whom this character is based was an English-born minister who arrived in Boston in 1630. He is a symbol of religious authority and, combined with Governor Bellingham, of the Puritan Theocracy.Character Analysis1.Hester PrynneWhat is most remarkable about Hester Prynne is her strength of character. While Hawthorne does not give a great deal of information about her life before the book opens, he does show her remarkable character, revealed through her public humiliation and subsequent, isolated life in Puritan society. Her inner strength, her defiance of convention, her honesty, and her compassion may have been in her character all along, but the scarlet letter brings them to our attention. She is, in the end, a survivor.Hester is physically described in the first scaffold scene as a tall young woman with a "figure of perfect elegance on a large scale." Her most impressive feature is her "dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam." Her complexion is rich, her eyes are dark and deep, and her regular features give her a beautiful face. In fact, so physically stunning is she that "her beauty shone out, and made a halo of the misfortune and ignominy in which she was enveloped."Contrast this with her appearance after seven years of punishment for her sin. Her beautiful hair is hidden under her cap, her beauty and warmth are gone, buried under the burden of the elaborate scarlet letter on her bosom. When she removes the letter and takes off her cap in Chapter 13, she once again becomes the radiant beauty of seven years earlier. Symbolically, when Hester removes the letter and takes off the cap, she is, in effect, removing the harsh, stark, unbending Puritan social and moral structure.Hester is only to have a brief respite, however, because Pearl angrily demands she resume wearing the scarlet A. With the scarlet letter and her hair back in place, "her beauty, the warmth and richness of her womanhood, departed, like fading sunshine; and a gray shadow seemed to fall across her." While her punishment changes her physical appearance, it has a far more profound effect on her character.What we know about Hester from the days prior to her punishment is that she came from a "genteel but impoverished English family" of notable lineage. She married the much older Roger Chillingworth, who spent long hours over his books and experiments; yet she convinced herself that she was happy. When they left Amsterdam for the New World, he sent her ahead, but he was reportedly lost at sea, leaving Hester alone among the Puritans of Boston. Officially, she is a widow. While not a Puritan herself, Hester looks to Arthur Dimmesdale for comfort and spiritual guidance. Somewhere during this period of time, their solace becomes passion and results in the birth of Pearl.The reader first meets the incredibly strong Hester on the scaffold with Pearl in her arms, beginning her punishment. On the scaffold, she displays a sense of irony and contempt. The irony is present in the elaborate needlework of the scarlet letter. There are "fantastic flourishes of gold-thread," and the letter is ornately decorative, significantly beyond the colony's laws that call for somber, unadorned attire. The first description of Hester notes her "natural dignity and force of character" and mentions specifically the haughty smile and strong glance that reveal no self-consciousness of her plight. While she might be feeling agony as if "her heart had been flung into the street for them all to spurn and trample upon," her face reveals no such thought, and her demeanor is described as "haughty." She displays a dignity and grace that reveals a deep trust in herself.In this first scene, Dimmesdale implores her to name the father of the baby and her penance may be lightened. Hester says "Never!" When asked again, she says "I will not speak!" While this declaration relieves Dimmesdale and he praises her under his breath, it also shows Hester's determination to stand alone despite the opinion of society. Hester's self-reliance and inner strength are further revealed in her defiance of the law and in her iron will during her confrontation with the governor of the colony.Despite her lonely existence, Hester somehow finds an inner strength to defy both the townspeople and thelocal government. This defiance becomes stronger and will carry her through later interviews with both Chillingworth and Governor Bellingham. Her determination and lonely stand is repeated again when she confronts Governor Bellingham over the issue of Pearl's guardianship. When the governor determines to take Pearl away from her, Hester says, "God gave me the child! He gave her in requital of all things else, which he had taken from me . . . Ye shall not take her! I will die first!" When pressed further with assurances of Pearl's good care, Hester defiantly pleads with him, "God gave her into my keeping. I will not give her up!" Here Hester turns to Dimmesdale for help, the one time in the novel where she does not stand alone.Hester's strength is evident in her dealings with both her husband and her lover. Hester defies Chillingworth when he demands to know the name of her lover. In Chapter 4, when he interviews her in the jail, she firmly says, "Ask me not! That thou shalt never know!" In the forest scene, even Dimmesdale acknowledges that she has the strength he lacks. The minister calls on her to give him strength to overcome his indecisiveness twice in the forest and again as he faces his confession on Election Day.What is the source of this strength? As she walks out on the scaffold at the beginning of the novel, Hester determines that she must "sustain and carry" her burden forward "by the ordinary resources of her nature, or sink with it. She could no longer borrow from the future to help her through the present." Her loneliness is described in the Chapter 5 as she considers how she can support herself and Pearl, a problem that she solves with her needlework. Yet she continues to lack adult companionship throughout her life. She has nothing but her strength of spirit to sustain her. This inner calm is recognized in the changing attitude of the community when they acknowledge that the A is for "Able," "so strong was Hester Prynne, with a woman's strength."A second quality of Hester is that she is, above all, honest: She openly acknowledges her sin. In Chapter 17, she explains to Dimmesdale that she has been honest in all things except in disclosing his part in her pregnancy. "A lie is never good, even though death threaten on the other side!" She also explains to Chillingworth that, even in their sham of a marriage, "thou knowest that I was frank with thee. I felt no love, nor feigned any." She kept her word in carrying her husband's secret identity, and she tells the minister the truth only after she is released from her pledge. This life of public repentance, although bitter and difficult, helps her retain her sanity while Dimmesdale seems to be losing his.Finally, Hester becomes an angel of mercy who eventually lives out her life as a figure of compassion in the community. Hester becomes known for her charitable deeds. She offers comfort to the poor, the sick, and the downtrodden. When the governor is dying, she is at his side. "She came, not as a guest, but as a rightful inmate, into the household that was darkened by trouble." Yet Hester's presence is taken for granted, and those that she helps do not acknowledge her on the street.Hawthorne attributes this transformation to her lonely position in the world and her suffering. No friend, no companion, no foot crossed the threshold of her cottage. In her solitude, she had a great deal of time to think. Also, Hester has Pearl to raise, and she must do so amid a great number of difficulties. Her shame in the face of public opinion, her loneliness and suffering, and her quiet acceptance of her position make her respond to the calamities of others.In the end, Hester's strength, honesty, and compassion carry her through a life she had not imagined. While Dimmesdale dies after his public confession and Chillingworth dies consumed by his own hatred and revenge, Hester lives on, quietly, and becomes something of a legend in the colony of Boston. The scarlet letter made her what she became, and, in the end, she grew stronger and more at peace through her suffering.2.Arthur DimmesdaleDimmesdale, the personification of "human frailty and sorrow," is young, pale, and physically delicate. He has large, melancholy eyes and a tremulous mouth, suggesting great sensitivity. An ordained Puritan minister, he is well educated, and he has a philosophical turn of mind. There is no doubt that he is devoted to God, passionate in his religion, and effective in the pulpit. He also has the principal conflict in the novel, and his agonized suffering is the direct result of his inability to disclose his sin.Of the four major characters in this novel, which investigates the nature of evil and sin and is a criticism of Puritan rigidity and intolerance, Dimmesdale is the only Puritan. One really cannot understand Dimmesdale or his dilemma without at least a cursory understanding of the Puritans who inhabited Boston at this time (see theessay "The Puritan Community" in the Critical Essays) and Hawthorne's psychological perspective through which he presents this tragic character.In Puritan terms, Dimmesdale's predicament is that he is unsure of his soul's status: He is exemplary in performing his duties as a Puritan minister, an indicator that he is one of the elect; however, he knows he has sinned and considers himself a hypocrite, a sign he is not chosen. The vigils he keeps are representative of this inward struggle to ascertain his heavenly status, the status of his very soul. Note that Hawthorne says of Dimmesdale's nightly vigils, which are sometimes in darkness, sometimes in dim light, and sometimes by the most powerful light which he could throw upon it, "He thus typified the constant introspection wherewith he tortured . . ."Finally, to add to the Dimmesdale dilemma, the Puritans — therefore, Dimmesdale — did not believe that good works or moral living earned salvation for the individual. As Dimmesdale states, "There is no substance in it [good works]." (Hester, who is not Puritan, believes that Dimmesdale's good works should bring him peace.) The Puritan reasoning was that, if one could earn his/her way into heaven, God's sovereignty is diminished. Since God created the soul and infused it in the human body, salvation is predestined. They reasoned that the elect — that is, God's chosen people — would not or could not commit evil acts; they would act the role, as it were; thus, Dimmesdale's dilemma.As a minister, Dimmesdale has a voice that consoles and an ability to sway audiences. His congregation adores him and his parishioners seek his advice. As a minister, Dimmesdale must be above reproach, and there is no question that he excels at his profession and enjoys a reputation among his congregation and other ministers. His soul aside, he does do good works. His ministry aids people in leading good lives. If he publicly confesses, he loses his ability to be effective in this regard.For Dimmesdale, however, his effectiveness betrays his desire to confess. The more he suffers, the better his sermons become. The more he whips himself, the more eloquent he is on Sunday and the more his congregation worships his words. Nevertheless, Hawthorne states in Chapter 20, "No man, for any considerable period, can wear one face to himself, and another to the multitude, without finally getting bewildered as to which may be true."Dimmesdale's struggle is dark and his penance is horrifying as he tries to unravel his mystery. In Chapter 11, "The Interior of a Heart," Dimmesdale struggles with his knowledge of his sin, his inability to disclose it to Puritan society, and his desire for penance. He knows his actions have fallen short of both God's standards and his own, and he fears this represents his lack of salvation. In an attempt to seek salvation, he fasts until he faints and whips himself on the shoulders until he bleeds. But these punishments are done in private rather than in public and do not provide the cleansing Dimmesdale seeks and needs.As a sinner, he is weakened to temptation. As demonstrated later, his weakened condition makes it easier for him to associate himself with the Black Man in the forest. His congregation expects him to be above other mortals, and his life and thoughts must exist on a higher spiritual plane than others. Accordingly, his wonderful sermons are applauded by all for a reason his listeners don't understand: Sin and agony have enabled the intellectual scholar-minister to recognize and empathize with other sinners.In the forest scene, Dimmesdale evidently realizes that he is human and should ask forgiveness and do penance openly. On the way home, he sees how far his defenses have been breached by evil. These thoughts explain why he can so easily write his Election Day sermon, which is filled with the passion of his struggle and his humanity.Dimmesdale's confession in the third scaffold scene and the climax of the story is the action that ensures his salvation. The reader senses that whether chosen or earned, Dimmesdale's salvation is a reality. Having had several opportunities to confess, without success until this scene, true to his nature if not his ministry, he asks God's forgiveness not only for himself, but also for Chillingworth, who confirms the minister's triumph when he laments, "Thou hast escaped me! . . . Thou hast escaped me!" Dimmesdale's confession also brings about Pearl's humane metamorphosis.In the long run, Dimmesdale has not the strength of Hester Prynne or her honesty. He cannot stand alone to confess. In death, perhaps he will find a gentler judgment that his own or that of his fellow citizens of Boston.。

The-Scarlet-Letter(红字)英语读后感

The-Scarlet-Letter(红字)英语读后感

Analysis of The Scarlet Letter"The Scarlet Letter" is the American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne's most outstanding representative of the United States as a whole romantic story in the most prestigious works of one of the authority.'s Novel The story takes place in the mid-seventeenth century Calvin who were under the rule of the Boston, the author At that time, the social status quo from the start, through a touching love story to expose the tragedy of the spirit of the people, spiritual and moral destruction.The story happened in Boston about 200 years ago. It narrates love affairs between three persons. The punished woman. Hester Prynne and his husband. Who called himself Roger Chillingworth . He is an old misshapen man and a doctor. Hester does not love him at all. Another man is a young minister, Dimmesdale, who has a high position among ministers and is highly respected among his people in town. Hester and Dimmesdale love each other. But their love is forbidden in that time . It is sinful. Due to this,Hester is punished by society with a letter A on her chest, which considered an evil, a shame.Hester’s love affairs with Arthur Dimmesdale and the birth of an illegitimate child Pearl was viewed as ignominy. She was forced to stand on the scaffold of the pillory, an infant on her arm, under the heavy weight of a thousand unrelenting eyes, all fastened upon her, and concentrated on the scarlet letter, so fantastically embroidered upon her bosom. In the eyes of Puritans, from governors, clergyman, to matrons and children, Hester was a sinner, with the scarlet letter “A” as a mark of shame, which should be remained for the rest of her life as a punishment. As for Hester, she accepted her crime and the identity the society assigned for her, and spared no effort to make atonement for her sins. She lived in a mall thatched cottage, with no neighborhoods, earned her living by handiwork, and led the most plainest and ascetic life. Besides, she employed in making coarse garments for the poor and spared her money for charity.onely as was Hester's situation, and without a friend on earth who dared to showhimself, she, however, incurred no risk of want. She possessed an art that sufficed, even in a land that afforded comparatively little scope for its exercise, to supply food for her thriving infant and herself. It was the art- then, as now, almost the only one within a woman's grasp- of needlework.She bore on her breast, in the curiously embroidered letter, a specimen of her delicate and imaginative skill, of which the dames of a court might gladly have availed themselves, to add the richer and more spiritual adornment of human ingenuity to their fabrics of silk and gold. Here, indeed, in the sable simplicity that generally characterized the Puritanic modes of dress, there might be an infrequent call for the finer productions of her handiwork. Yet the taste of the age, demanding whatever was elaborate in compositions of this kind, did not fail to extend its influence over our stern progenitors, who had cast behind them so many fashions which it might seem harder to dispense with. Public ceremonies, such as ordinations, the installation of magistrates, and all that could give majesty to the forms in which a new government manifested itself to the people, were, as a matter of policy, marked by a stately and well-conducted ceremonial, and a somber, but yet a studied magnificence. Deep ruffs, painfully wrought bands, and gorgeously embroidered gloves were all deemed necessary to the official state of men assuming the reins of power; and were readily allowed to individuals dignified by rank or wealth, even while sumptuary laws forbade these and similar extravagances to the plebeian order. In the array of funerals, too-whether for the apparel of the dead body, or to typify, by manifold emblematic-devices of sable cloth and snowy lawn, the sorrow of the survivors- there was a frequent and characteristic demand for such labour as Hester Prynne could supply. Baby-linen- for babies then wore robes of state- afforded still another possibility of toil and emolument.Hester Prynne, his strong, perseverance, love of the faithful. Although the ruled that the guilty, but she has a clean, pure. Her spirit rising to become truth, benevolence and beauty in disguise. She moves on to teach and the right of the feudal regime of oppression under the love, human rights and freedoms fullyaffirmed.Prynne and Dimmesdale initially had a red-hot love, although he had to retreat, to cover for their own comfort, but the heart of the suffering has not been affected by his calm and security, on the contrary, more and more strongly. He Prynne and the date, he flails on the stage of self-punishment of repentance, and their escape plans, as well as the final public speeches have become Dimmesdale's love toward the altar of the approaching step by step by step. Finally,he say a few words T-shirt, people see a large cake in his chest A red characters. A word that is actually baked in his mind, this is the distillation of love.Dimmesdale is a coward and a hypocrite.Worse, he is self-confused coward and hypocrite. He knows what he has to do still the voice of his conscience and make his space with God. He simply cannot bring himself to do it. He lacks the will even wish to live or die. What happens to a man who struggles to hide terrible sin in the depths of his heart,but who believes profoundly in a God that sees and loves the truth? Maybe this is a question Hawthorne asked himself in cresting the character of Arthur Dimmesdale. If the minister is a brilliant study in guilt,it is because he believes with all soul that his sin is terrible , and that a concerned personal God is watching every move he makes.In the Scarlet Letter, passion justifies nothing , while its denial justifies all. The fallen Eden of his world remains fallen; but the sinful priest purges himself by public confession ,becomes worthy of his sole remaining way to salvation ,death.。

美国文学红字英文赏析 The+Scarlet+Letter

美国文学红字英文赏析 The+Scarlet+Letter
somewhat lifted this spell of darkness.
Hawthorne Biography
Early Writing Career Hawthorne's short stories came slowly but
steadily into critical favor, and the best of them have become American classics. By his own account it was Hawthorne's love of his Salem neighbor Sophia Peabody that brought him from his "haunted chamber" out into the world. Hawthorne and Sophia, whom he finally married in 1842, resorted not to Brook Farm but to the Old Manse in Concord, Massachusetts, where they spent several years of happiness in as much quiet living as they could achieve.
Writing Novels
Facing the world once more, Hawthorne obtained in 1846 the position of surveyor (one who maps out new lands) in the Salem Custom House, but was relieved of this position in 1848 because of his political ties.

《红字》英文读后感

《红字》英文读后感

《红字》英文读后感《红字》讲述了发生在北美殖民时期的恋爱悲剧。

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The Scarlet Letter offers an extraordinary insight into the norms and behavior of the 17th century if American Puritan society. The basic conflicts and problems of its main characters, however, are familiar to readers in the present. The female protagonist, has borne a child out of wedlock and has been jailed for over three months and sentenced to wear a symbol of her adultery, a scarlet “A” on her dress at all times. It concerns about the moral, emotional and psychological effect of the sin on people in general. It’s not simply a love story or a story of sin. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the scarlet letters to symbolize the harshness of Puritan society, showing how they brand sinners for life. 英语文摘mmkeyThe story happened in Boston about 200 years ago. It narrates love affairs between three persons. The punished woman. Hester Prynne and his husband. Who called himself Roger Chillingworth . He is an old misshapen man and a doctor. Hester does not love him at all. Another man is a young minister, Dimmesdale, who has a high position among ministers and is highly respected among his people in town. Hester and Dimmesdale love each other. But their love is forbidden in that time . It is sinful. Due to this,Hester is punished by society with a letter A on her chest, which considered an evil, a shame.In this novel, the mainline seems to be around the letter A. Hester is brave enough to face the cruel reality. She is always with a mind of courage. She has been alone with her child for so long , with litter communication. Shame! Hopelessness! Loneliness!Hester has to wear the letter A day after day, seven years as for punishment and ill fame.When a woman has lived through a difficult experience, her character changes a great deal. If she be all tenderness, she will die. If she survive, the tenderness will leave her .Hester’s charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community. The letter on her chest represents her work on earth , always helping others, without expecting any thanks. Never afterwards, does that scarlet letter leave her chest. The townspeople no longer view the letter as a punishment , but rather as representing her great strength and bravery and thy say it means “Able”.But Arthur Dimmesdale, his sin against Hester and Pearl is that he will not acknowledge them as his wife and daughter in the daylight. He keeps his dreadful secret from all those under his care in the church for seven years for fear that he will lose their love and will not be forgiven. He is too weak to admit his sins. He suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychologic al distress. What’s worse, he is an advisor to the townspeople about their sins.After Mr. Dimmesdale’s death , no one changes more in appearance than Roger Chilling worth. All his strength and energy has been used to harm his patient . This unhappy man has made his aim in life to add to the suffering of the young minister. When the evil old man no longer has such a purpose, the devil takes him back to the hell . It is a curious subject of observation, however, whether hatred or love are not of the same place. Each takes a great deal of emotion from one person. The two feelings seem basically the same, expect that one is smiled upon by God, while the other is worshipped by the devil.The two lovers has ever decided to flee to Europe, where they can live with their dauthter Pearl as a family .They feel a sense of release there. However, their plan fails…… When Hester dies, she is buried next to Dimmesdale. The two share a single tombstone, with a deep colored letter A shining brightly.《红字》是美国小说家霍桑最杰出的代表作,也是整个美国浪漫主义小说中最有声望的权威作品之一.小说的故事发生在十七世纪中期加尔文者派统治下的波士顿,作者从当时的社会现状入手,通过一个感人的爱情故事悲剧来揭露当局对人们精神,心灵和道德的摧残.海丝特*白兰是一个在婚姻上遭到不幸的女人,年轻美貌,却嫁给了身体畸形多病的术士罗杰*齐灵沃斯,夫妻间根本谈不上爱情,后来,罗杰又在海上失踪,杳无音讯,白兰孤独的过着日子.这时一个英俊有气魄的青年牧师,亚瑟*丁梅斯代尔闯入了她的生活,他们真诚的相爱了,度过了一段隐私但热烈的爱情生活.不久,白兰由于怀孕的隐情暴露,以通*罪被抓,在狱中生下了女儿小珠儿.按照当时的教规,白兰只有交代*夫的姓名才能获得赦免,否则将受惩罚.然而执行审讯任务的却正是他的情人.白兰宁愿独自忍受任何惩罚,为了把她和丁梅斯代尔之间的爱情深深地埋在心中,她坚强的挺住了.海丝特*白兰受到了惩罚,她必须终身穿着一件绣着红色A字的外衣.字母A代表"通*(Adultery)"一词.白兰带着小珠儿离群独居,在郊外偏僻的茅舍中过者孤寂的生活.而用心险恶的前夫罗杰发现了丁梅斯代尔的反常表现,利用牧师痛苦和矛盾的心情,不断地折磨他,终于丁梅斯代尔在他即将升为主教的前夕,当众宣布了自己的秘密,丁梅斯代尔向周围的人们展露了这首爱情的颂歌.当他把自己的胸衣扯开时,一个猩红的A字烙在他的胸前.他在自己的爱人身边离开了人世.海丝特*白兰,他坚强,有毅力,对爱情忠贞不渝.虽然被统治者认为有罪,但她是清白的,纯洁的.她的精神不断上升,成为真,善,美的化身.她的举动是对封建政权与教权压迫下的爱情,人权和自由的充分肯定.丁梅斯代尔最初与白兰产生了炽热的的爱情,虽然他一度退却了,为自己能够隐蔽的安慰,但内心的痛苦并没有因他的安全而平息,相反,越来越强烈.他与白兰的约会,他在枷刑台上的.自我忏悔,他们的逃跑计划,以及最后的公开演说,都成为了丁梅斯代尔向着爱情的祭坛一步步走近的脚印.最后他扯开上衣,人们见到了烙在他胸口的红色A字.这个A字实际上是烙在他的心上的,这是爱情的升华.作者用蔷薇花象征美与善,用监狱象征死亡,用一道光,一只鸟……象征丁梅斯代尔与白兰之间的爱情的结晶——小珠儿,使作品充满着一股迷人的魄力.在作品的最后,在白兰和丁梅斯代尔合用的墓碑上刻着这样一句话:"一片墓地上,刻着血红的A字."这句话不可谓不意味深长.。

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• 在霍桑撰写《红字》的同时,第一次妇女大会正好在纽约召开(1848)。在这次大会上, 女权主义者们提出了女性和男性拥有平等财产权的问题,指出女性“一旦结婚,在法律 的角度看如同死亡。他(丈夫)拿走了她所有的财产权,甚至是她所赚取的工资。”她 们提出女性应该和男性一样平等地工作,以便从经济的角度摆脱对男性的依附。
• 而此时的丁梅斯代尔牧师对齐灵渥斯却没有任何的怀疑,虽然他总是会感到有一种恶势 力在紧紧的盯着自己,总有一种不祥的预感,由于他不把任何人视为可信赖的朋友,故 此当敌人实际上已出现时,仍然辨认不出。就在丁梅斯代尔牧师饱尝肉体上的疾病的痛 苦和精神上的摧残的同时,他在圣职上却大放异彩,取得了辉煌的成就。公众的景仰更 加加重了他的罪恶感,使他的心理不堪重负。
• 许多年过去了,小珠儿已经七岁了,海丝特·白兰此时所处的地位已同她当初受辱时不 完全一样了。如果一个人在大家面前有着与众不同的特殊地位,而同时又不干涉任何公 共或个人的利益,她就最终会赢得普遍的尊重。海丝特·白兰从来与世无争,只是毫无 怨尤地屈从于社会的最不公平的待遇;她也没有因自己的不幸而希冀什么报偿;她同样 不依重于人们的同情。于是,在她因犯罪而丧失了权利、被迫独处一隅的这些年月里, 大大地赢得了人心。她除了一心一意的打扮小珠儿外,她还尽自己所能去帮助穷人,用 宽大的心去包容一切,人们开始不再把那红字看作是罪过的标记,而是当成自那时起的 许多善行的象征。
• 齐灵渥斯精心地实施着他的复仇计划,他利用丁梅斯代尔牧师敏感、富于想象的特点, 抓住他的负罪心理,折磨他的心灵,他把自己装扮成可信赖的朋友,让对方向他吐露一 切恐惧、自责、烦恼、懊悔、负罪感,那些向世界隐瞒着的一切内疚,本可以获得世界 的博大心胸的怜悯和原谅的,如今却要揭示给他这个内心充满了复仇火焰的人,最最恰 如其分地让他得偿复仇之夙债。
第九章 医生 第十章 医生和他的病人 第十一章 内心秘密 第十二章 牧师的夜游 第十三章 海丝特的另一面 第十四章 海丝特和医生 第十五章 海丝特和珠儿 第十六章 林中散步
第十七章 教长和教民 第十八章 一片阳光 第十九章 溪边的孩子 第二十章 牧师的困惑 第二十一章 新英格兰的节日 第二十二章 游行 第二十三章 红字的显露 第二十四章 尾声
• 这时,在人群中,海丝特·白兰看到了一个相貌奇特的男人:矮小苍老,左肩比右肩高, 正用着阴晦的眼神注视着她,这个男人就是她失散了两年之久的丈夫齐灵渥斯——一个 才智出众、学识渊博的医生。
• 当他发现海丝特·白兰认出了他时,示意她不要声张。在齐灵渥斯的眼里燃烧着仇恨的 怒火,他要向海丝特·白兰及她的情人复仇,并且他相信一定能够成功。
• 事实上,在父权社会中,男性拒绝给予女性平等的经济权利,不仅仅是因为他们想要占 有全部的财富,拒绝让女性来分一杯羹,更因为男性们早已意识到,女性在获得经济独 立的同时,将不再满足雌伏于他们的羽翼之下,会努力寻求独立的思想和更为广阔的天 地。
小说结构
第一章 牢门 第二章 市场 第三章 认出 第四章 会面 第五章 海丝特的针线手艺 第六章 珠儿 第七章 州长的厅堂 第八章 小淘气和牧师
• 一天,丁梅斯代尔牧师正在沉睡,齐灵渥斯走了进来,拨开了他的法衣,终于发现了丁梅斯代尔 牧师一直隐藏的秘密——他的胸口上有着和海丝特·白兰一样的红色标记,他欣喜若狂,那是一种 狂野的惊奇、欢乐和恐惧的表情!那种骇人的狂喜,绝不仅仅是由眼睛和表情所表达的,甚至是 从他整个的丑陋身躯迸发出来,他将两臂伸向天花板,一只脚使劲跺着地面,以这种非同寻常的 姿态放纵地表现他的狂喜!当一个宝贵的人类灵魂失去了天国,堕入撒旦的地狱之中时,那魔王 知道该如何举动了。
The Scarlet 者与时代背景 • 2. 小说结构与情节 • 3. 小说人物分析 • 4. 小说影响与评价
作者
• 霍桑(1804—1864),美国19世纪后期浪漫主义文学的重要作家。 • 他的代表作《红字》一经问世,便引起了巨大轰动。小说以深邃的主题,象征、隐喻等
灵渥斯,他们之间却没有爱情。在孤独中白兰与牧师丁梅斯代尔相恋并生下女儿珠儿。 白兰被当众惩罚,戴上标志“通奸”的红色A字示众。然而白兰坚贞不屈,拒不说出孩子 的父亲。小说惯用象征手法,人物、情节和语言都颇具主观想象色彩,在描写中又常把 人的心理活动和直觉放在首位。因此,它不仅是美国浪漫主义小说的代表作,同时也被 称作是美国心理分析小说的开创篇。
• 在一片浓密的森林里,海丝特·白兰见到了丁梅斯代尔,他们互诉衷肠,述说着几年来 心底的秘密,他们受着同样的痛苦和煎熬,同样受着良知和道德的啮噬。丁梅斯代尔告 诉她,虽然他的胸前没有佩带红字,但是,同样的红字在他的生命里一直燃烧着。此时, 海丝特·白兰才意识到牺牲掉牧师的好名声,甚至让他死掉,都比她原先所选择的途径 要强得多,她告诉丁梅斯代尔齐灵渥斯就是她的丈夫,她所做的一切都是为了他的荣誉、 地位及生命才隐瞒了这个秘密。阴暗凶猛的眼神瞬间涌上了丁梅斯代尔的脸上,他痛楚 的把脸埋在双手之中。海丝特·白兰劝丁梅斯代尔离开这里,到一个没有人认识的地方 去,到一个可以避开齐灵渥斯双眼的地方去,她愿意和他开始一段新的生活,过去的已 经一去不复返了!现在又何必去留恋呢?丁梅斯代尔犹豫着,他要么承认是一名罪犯而 逃走,要么继续充当一名伪君子而留下,但他的良心已难以从中取得平衡;为了避免死 亡和耻辱的危险,以及一个敌人的莫测的诡计,丁梅斯代尔决定出走。
艺术手法的运用而形成了独特的风格,其中象征手法影响了《白鲸》的作者麦尔维尔、 法国的波德莱尔以及现代派文学的象征主义。此外,霍桑对美国文学史上一批卓有成就 的作家诸如海明威、菲兹杰拉德、福克纳等都产生过影响。
时代背景
• 《红字》是美国浪漫主义作家霍桑创作的长篇小说。发表于1850年。 • 《红字》讲述了发生在北美殖民时期的恋爱悲剧。女主人公海丝特·白兰嫁给了医生奇
• 海丝特·白兰出狱后,带着自己的女儿小珠儿靠着针线技艺维持着生活,她们离群索居, 那鲜红的A 字将屈辱深深烙在了海丝特·白兰的心里。小珠儿长得美丽脱俗,有着倔强的 性格和充沛的精力,她和那红字一起闪耀在世人的面前,在那个清教徒的社会里,他们 是耻辱的象征,但也只有他们是鲜亮的。
• 丁梅斯代尔牧师不仅年轻俊美,而且学识渊博,善于辞令,有着极高的秉赋和极深的造 诣,在教民中有着极高的威望。
• 随着时间的推移,小珠儿渐渐的长大了,她穿着母亲为她做的红天鹅绒裙衫,奔跑着,跳跃着, 象一团小火焰在燃烧,这耀眼的红色使清教徒们觉得孩子是另一种形式的红字,是被赋予了生命 的红字!贝灵汉总督和神甫约翰·威尔逊认为小珠儿应该与母亲分开,因为她的母亲是个罪人, 没有能力完成使孩子成为清教徒的重任。
• 但是海丝特·白兰坚决不同意。她大声说珠儿是上帝给她的孩子,珠儿是她的幸福!也是她的折 磨!是珠儿叫她还活在世上!也是珠儿叫她受着惩罚!如果他们夺走珠儿,海丝特·白兰情愿先 死给他们看。海丝特·白兰转向丁梅斯代尔牧师,希望他能够发表意见。丁梅斯代尔牧师面色苍 白,一只手捂住心口,那双又大又黑的眼睛深处,在烦恼和忧郁之中还有一个痛苦的天地,他认 为珠儿是上帝给海丝特·白兰的孩子,应该听从上帝的安排,如果她能把孩子送上天国,那么孩 子也就能把她带到天国,这是上帝神圣的旨意。这样珠儿才没有被带走。
• 但是,自从海丝特·白兰受审以来,他的健康日趋羸弱,敏感,忧郁与恐慌弥漫了他的 整个思绪,他常常夜不成寐的祷告,每逢略受惊恐或是突然遇到什么意外事件时,他的 手就会拢在心上,先是一阵红潮,然后便是满面苍白,显得十分苦痛。这一切都让齐灵 渥斯看在眼里,对他产生了浓厚的兴趣,并以医生的身份与他形影相随。
• 海丝特·白兰的鼓励及对新生活的憧憬,使丁梅斯代尔重新有了生活的勇气和希望。刚 好有一艘停泊在港湾的船三天之后就要到英国去,他们决定坐这艘船返回欧洲,一切都 在顺利地进行着。他们每天都被这种新的希望激励着、兴奋着,丁梅斯代尔决定演讲完 庆祝说教后就离开。新英格兰的节日如期而至,丁梅斯代尔牧师的演讲也按计划进行着, 海丝特·白兰和小珠儿来到市场,她的脸上有一种前所未见的表情,特殊的不安和兴奋, “再最后看一眼这红字和佩戴红字的人吧!”她想,“再过一段时间,她就会远走高飞了! 那深不可测的大海将把你们在她胸前灼烧的标记永远淹没无存!”
• 终于,在一天漆黑的夜里,丁梅斯代尔牧师梦游般走到了市场上的绞刑台上,发出一声 悲痛的嘶喊。海丝特·白兰和小珠儿刚刚守护着一个人去世,恰巧从这里经过,她看到 丁梅斯代尔牧师已处于崩溃的边缘,精神力量已经到了无能为力的地步。一种悔罪感使 丁梅斯代尔邀请她们一同登上了绞刑台:“你们母女俩以前已经在这儿站过了,可是我 当时没和你们一起来。再上来一次吧,我们三个人一起站着吧!”海丝特·白兰握着孩子 的一只手,牧师握着孩子的另一只手,他们共同站在了绞刑台上。就在他这么做的瞬间, 似有一般不同于他自己生命的新生命的激越之潮,急流般涌入他的心房,冲过他周身的 血管,仿佛那母女俩正把她们生命的温暖传递给他半麻木的身躯,三人构成了一条闭合 的电路,此时,天空闪过了一丝亮光,丁梅斯代尔仿佛看见天空中出现了一个巨大的字 母“A ”。然而,这一切都让跟踪而至的齐灵渥斯看到了,这使得丁梅斯代尔牧师极为恐 慌,但是,齐灵渥斯却说丁梅斯代尔先生患了夜游症,并把他带回了家。丁梅斯代尔先 生就象一个刚刚从噩梦中惊醒的人,心中懊丧得发冷,便听凭那医生把自己领走了。
• 海丝特·白兰被带回狱中之后,齐灵渥斯以医生的身份见到了她,但海丝特·白兰不肯说 出孩子的父亲是谁,并且向齐灵渥斯坦言她从他那里从来没有感受到过爱情,齐灵渥斯 威胁海丝特·白兰不要泄露他们的夫妻关系,他不能遭受一个不忠实女人的丈夫所要蒙 受的耻辱,否则,他会让她的情人名誉扫地,毁掉的不仅仅是他的名誉,地位,甚至还 有他的灵魂和生命,海丝特·白兰答应了。
• 霍桑的先祖威廉·霍桑1630年来到美洲大陆,曾经担任过马萨诸塞殖民地的官员,当众 驱逐鞭打过一位教友派的妇女,而霍桑的曾曾祖父约翰·霍桑则是臭名昭著的1692年塞 莱姆女巫审判中的三位法官之一,根据他的裁决,数名女巫被送上了绞架。
• 霍桑创作《红字》的目的之一就是希望通过写作,“替他们(祖先)蒙受耻辱,并祈求 从今以后洗刷掉他们招致的任何诅咒。”
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