情态动词shall-should--must-用法及练习
法律英语翻译中情态动词的用法
法律英语翻译中情态动词的用法法律英语翻译情态动词用法shall和shouldshall在合同文件中是使用频率最高的词，在合同文件中shall表示强制性承担法律或合同所规定的义务，在表达＂应该＂或＂必须＂做某事时，应用＂shall＂而不能用＂ must＂或＂should＂，但有时可用＂will＂，力度比shall 弱。
Should在法律文件中往往作＂if＂解，只表示＂如果＂之意。
如：The board meeting shall be called and presided over by the Chairman. Should the chairman be absent, the vice-Chairman shall, in principle, call and preside over the board meeting.文中：两个shall，都表示有责任做，应该做之意。
Should: If 表示如果。
board meeting：董事会会议。
preside over：主持。
原文可译为：董事会会议应由董事长召集、主持；如董事长缺席，原则上应由副董事长召集、主持。
shall, may和must的否定句Shall在法律条文、合同条款处在两种情况下可以不译外，主要可以被译成＂须＂、＂应＂和＂应当＂等。
但shall与not或其他否定形式（如用否定词No/neigher开头的句子）连用时，一般不能顺其自然，译成＂不须＂、＂不应＂或＂不要＂、＂不可＂、＂不应当＂，因为这几个词的意思在汉语里主要表示＂建议＂或＂忠告＂；在语用上，口语色彩较重，表示＂禁止＂的语气不够强烈；大量既定的权威性文献表明：shall not及类似否定式短句的最通常、最恰当的译法是＂不得＂，因为＂不得＂在汉语里与＂禁止＂一词同义，与法律英语中含shall的否定句所要表达的意思相同。
试看以下各例：1．The rights and freedoms enjoyed by Hong Kong residents shall not be restricted unless as prescribed by law. Such restrictions shall not contravene the provisions of the preceding paragraph of this Article.香港居民享有的权利和自由，除依法规定外不得限制，此种限制不得与本条第一款规定抵触。
情态动词shall与should的用法
情态动词shall与should的用法我们已经学习过了几个情态动词,如can,may,must,need以及have to.实际上,shall不只是助动词,它也是情态动词,表示“征求对方的意见”.例如：Shall we clean the classroom now?现在我们可以打扫教室吗?这种用法和may相似,但不尽相同.试比较：May I play soccer after supper?晚饭后我可不可以踢足球?(请求许可)Shall I play soccer after supper?晚饭后我要不要踢足球?(征求意见)should是shall的过去式,它可以用于过去时态中,但更多的是用作情态动词,意思是“应当;应该”,用来表示义务或责任.此时,它不再局限于和第一人称的代词连用,而是三种人称都能使用.例如：They shouldn't be so careless.他们不该如此粗心.You should answer my question in English.你应当用英语回答我的问题.It's raining hard.You should drive slowly.雨下得很大.你开车要慢些.should还可以用在提供帮助、提出建议、要求、给予指示的句子中.例如：What should I do for them?我应当为他们做些什么?Should I help you carry the basket?要不要我帮你提篮子?应当注意的是,当should表示上述两种意思时,要重读.Will和Shall的用法Will这个字与Future Simple Tense有很密切的关系,因为在Future Simple Tense里,一定有“will”这个字存在.(+)She will go to the club tonight.今晚她会去俱乐部.(-)She will not go to the club tonight.今晚她不会去俱乐部.(+?)Will she go to the club tonight?今晚她会不会去俱乐部?Will的用法(1)当我们刚决定或刚想到会做一些事情∶例(一)I will switch on the air condition,it is hot here.我会去开冷气,因为这里很热.例(二)A∶Have you sent the cheque?你寄了那张支票吗?B∶I will send it now.我现在会寄那张支票.(2)当我们用到I think I will(我想我会)或是I don’t think I will……(我不认为我会)∶例(三)I think I will go out tonight,I feel bored.我想今晚我会出去,因为我觉得很闷.例(四)I do not think Jenny will come.我不认为Jenny会来.(3)当我们讲出来,将会协助别人做的事情∶例(五)A:The door is stuck.那个门塞著了.B:I will help you.我会帮你.(4)当我们同意要做一些事情∶例(六)I will reture the book to you next Friday.我在下个星期五会把书本还给你.(5)当我们要求别人帮助我们处理事情∶例(七)Will you help me to close the door?你可以帮我把门关上吗?注∶通常在讲英语方面,“不会”这一词,我们可以用won’t.例(八)I have asked her to do this many times she won’t Iisten to me.我已经叫她做这个很多次,但她不会听我说.Shall的用法Shall只提供给I(我)和We(我们)用.现时,我们多数只用Shall I 或是Shall we 来问一些人的意见或是允许,而且翻译成华语是带有应该的意思∶例(九)Shall we go now?我们应该走了吗?例(十)What shall we do to her?我们应该如何对待她?(7)Shall I……?与Will you……?的分别∶(a)Shall I clear the table?(你要我收拾桌子吗?)(b)Will you clear the table?(我要你收拾桌子.)以上的两个句子,可以证明Will you……带有比较认真和直接的意思.翻译∶用适当的英文will或是shall翻译以下的句子∶(1)A∶你有打电话给老板吗?B∶哦!我忘记了,我现在会打电话给他.(2)我想我会关上窗.(3)我们今晚应该做些什么?(4)我会在楼下的大厅等你.(5)那辆车不能驾,我不知道发生了什么事?(6)你要我开门吗?因为这里很热.(7)这是一个秘密,我答应不会告诉别人.(8)谢谢你借我汽车,我下个星期会归还给你.经过这一项练习“will”或“shall”,您将更清楚未来词的用法了.答案∶(1)A:Did you call the boss?B:Oh!I Have forgotten/I forgot.I will call him now(2)I think I will close the window.(3)What shall we do tonight/this evening.(4)I will wait for you at the hall.(5)The car will not start.I do not know what has happened.(6)Shall I open the door.It is hot/warm here.(7)This is a secret.I promise I will not tell others.(8)Thank you for lending me the car.I will return it to you next week.。
情态动词shall-should-must-用法及练习
1. shall (1)用于疑问句与第一、三人称连用，表
示征求意见或请求许可。
• 1) Shall we go out for a meal together?
• 2) Shall the newcomer have a try?
• 1.--- The room is so dirty .______ we clean it?
• 3) We should arrive before dark.
• 4) The roads should be less crowded today.
• (3)表示惊讶、遗憾、“竟然，居然”
• I’m glad that his son should have won the first prize.
“The interest(利息) __ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement,” declared the judge.
A.may B. should C. must D. shall
• 2. should
• 1). Children should be devoted to their parents.
A. Must B. Can
C. May D. Need
• 1. Why must you always break in when others are talking?
• 2. If you must break the law, of course, you will be punished.
• There __ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱhe driving school.(05 上海)
情态动词的用法及练习（附答案）
情态动词的用法及专项练习第1 & 2类:词形词的含义例句can ①“能力”②“允许”③“可能性”(0%)④“请求”I can speak English.Can I go to the toilet.It can’t be Susan. She is in Paris. Can you help me?could ①“过去的能力”②“过去的允许”③“可能性”(30%)④“请求”, 比can更客气⑤“建议”⑥“将来的一种可能性”She could speak English When she was 5 years old. Could I borrow your dictionary?It could get much colder in January.Could you please say that again more slowly.We could try to fix it ourselves.I think we could go to war again.be able to “能力”= can, 但比can的时态更具多样性。
can无法表达的时态，用be able to表达。
She will be able to teach English. (一般将来时)She was able to talk when she was 2 years old. (一般过去时)I would love to be able to play the piano. (动词不定式)may ①“请求、允许”(比较礼貌)②“将来的可能性”(50%)③may 在更多的时态中经常May I come in?It may rain tomorrow.第1类：十大情态动词can / could / may / might / must / ought to / shall / should / will / would 第2类：半情态词及充当情态动词的词had better / be able to / have to / used to / need / dare用be allowed to来代替might “较小的可能性”(≤30%)I might move to Canada some day.must ①“必须”(责任、义务)②“可能性”(推测) (100%)③“禁止”(否定式) Everyone must pay taxes.She didn’t arrive. She must be sick.You mustn’t p l ay with fire. It’s dangerous.have to ①“必须、不得不”(客观上不得不做)②多种时态里面代替“must”,因must只有一般现在，但have to 可以有多种时态。
情态动词
情态动词的用法与考点情态动词包括：can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, need情态动词的基本用法：1.情态动词后必须跟行为动词原形.2.情态动词在变疑问句时可以直接提前.3.情态动词的否定形式是在情态动词后面直接加not.用法与考点：1. 表示能力--can, couldcan表示能力，相当于be able to，在过去时态中用could.eg: I can / am able to dive.I could / was able to dive when I was ten years old.2. 表示请求允许--can, could, may, 在使用时要注意它们的回答eg: --can I go out now?--yes, you can./ no, you can't.--Could I go out now?--yes, you can./ no, you can't.--may I go out now?--yes, you may./ no, you can't.注意：三种请求允许的否定回答形式都可以用no, you can't. / no, you mustn't. / no, you'd better not.3. 表示推测--can, could, may, might, must,但是其所表示的可能性大小不同。
& may, might 用来表示没有根据的猜测，表示事情的可能性不大,might 也可表达对过去发生的事情的猜测。
上下文中常有I have no idea. / I don't know. / I haven't decided yet. 等表示不确定因素的语言。
eg: He may/might go to the party with me tonight, but he haven't decided yet.He might go to the cinema last night.& can, could 表示有根据的推测，常常是根据生活常理可以推测出的事情。
情态动词should,may must等用法
Should的用法:1.(shall的过去式,表示过去将来)将会We hoped that we should be able to do that. 我们希望我们能这样做。
★2. should 作为情态动词，可以用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，译作“万一”，这时也可将should 置于从句之首，即将should 放在主语前面，而省略从属连词if .例如：◆If you should fail to come，ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. （= Should you fail to come，ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. ）万一你来不了，就叫陈夫人代替你。
◆If anyone should come，say I am not at home. （= Should anyone come，say I am not at home. ）万一有人来访，就说我不在家。
◆If it should rain tomorrow，I wouldn't go.（= Should it rain tomorrow，I wouldn't go.）◆If the car should break down on the way, you would haveto walk back.◆Ask her to ring me up if you should see her.万一汽车中途抛锚,你就得走回来。
★3.(表示可能性、推测、推论或期待)可能;（按理）应该She should be here any minute.她该马上就到。
Dinner should be ready by now.此刻晚饭应该做好了。
★4.(表示义务、责任)应该,应当You should do as she says.你应当照她说的去做。
初中英语情态动词之shall和should的正确用法
初中英语情态动词之shall和should的正确用法相信很多同学对于shall和should的用法比较容易搞混，下面是小编为您收集整理的shall和should的正确用法，供大家参考!初中英语情态动词之shall和should的正确用法1、shall的用法(1)shall用于第一、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
(2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
(3)用于所有人称，表示规章、法令、预言等，可译为“必须”。
2、should的用法(1)表示义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等，意为“应该”。
(2)表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性，意为“可能，该”(肯定的语气没有must表推测时强)。
(3)多用于疑问句中，表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事。
(4)ought to和should的比较A、ought to也可以表示推论、可能性，和should用法一样。
B、在省略回答中，ought to中的to可以省略。
C、should和ought to表示做正确的事情或理应做的事情。
be supposed to 意为“被期望，应该”，表示被期望发生或根据安排、要求做某事，或认为做某事是正常的。
英语语法速记口诀大汇总一、冠词基本用法【速记口诀】名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，可数名词单，须用a或an，辅音前用a， an在元音前，若为特指时，则须用定冠，复数不可数，泛指the不见，碰到代词时，冠词均不现。
【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。
以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。
二、名词单数变复数规则【速记口诀】单数变复数，规则要记住，一般加s，特殊有几处：/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/结尾，es不离后，末尾字母o，大多加s，两人有两菜，es不离口，词尾f、fe，s前有v和e;没有规则词，必须单独记。
情态动词包括情态动词的基本用法及其推测含义,虚拟语气
情态动词的用法情态动词有 can 〔could 〕, may 〔might 〕, must, have to, shall 〔should 〕, will 〔would 〕, dare 〔daren ' t,dared 〕, need 〔needn ' t,needed 〕, oughho,慵曲知司无人称和数的变化；不能 单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语.可以有推测意义,也可以没有推测意义. 不同的 肯定"程度可按以下层次排列： 1.He is at home.〔事实〕3.He could be at home.〔很可能〕 5.He may be at home.〔仅仅可能而已〕 7.He might not be at home.〔也许不在家〕9.He couldn ' t be at hom 很可能不在家〕 一、can, could ⑴.can 的用法 1. 水平〔能做某事 〕: Two eyes can see more than one. 2. 表示客观可能性〔客观原因形成的水平〕〔可以,可能〕. 1〕 They ' ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. 2〕 This hall can hold 500 people at least.3.一时的可能性〔有时可能〕Children can be very trying 〔令人厌烦的；难受的〕.4. 同意、允许〔可以〕Can I come in?在这里can 和may 的意思差不多.口语中用 can 更多.5. 用于疑问句和否认句中,表示惊讶、不相信等〔可能 ,能够〕 1〕 What can he mean? 他能够是什么意思呢？ 2〕He can ' t be more than thirt他不可能在三十以上. 后面有时跟完成形式或进行形式1〕 You can ' t have forgotten me不可能已经忘记我了.2〕If he said that, he can' t be telling the 曲u椎说,他讲的不可能是真话.3〕 What on earth can he be doing?他此刻能在干什么呢？ ⑵.could 的用法 1. 作为can 的过去式,表示过去情况：a. 水平: Lanny could run and was a good tennis player. 这时可以用 was/were able to 表示同样的意思：b. 可能性〔可以,可能〕： 1〕 It was so dark we could see nothing. 2. 用来代替can,说明现在的情况 a. 婉转地提出请求、想法等：1〕 Could I borrow your book? 3〕 I couldn ' t be happe.能再快乐了. b. 用于疑问句及否认句,表示惊异、不相信等 1〕 C ould this be true? 2〕 T he money has disappeared. Who could have taken it? 3〕 S urely nothing could be going on there so late at night. 3.could+完成形式可用来谈过去情况： a.表示那时“〔不〕可能〞,代表can 的过去式：1〕 She couldn ' t have been moresthaeen at that time.2〕We could not have heard them because of the noise from the river.2.He must be at home.〔非常肯定的推断〕 4.He ought to be at home.〔很可能〕 6.He might be at home.〔或许,非常不确定〕 8.He may not be at home.〔比 might 可能〕 10.He can ' t be at homer定不在家〕2〕 He said he couldn't come.2〕 I could come early, if necessary.〔推测性用法〕:b.表示那时本来可以〞、差点就要〞等：1)I could have lent you the money. Why didn ' t you ask me?2)Her husband could have told her, but he did not choose to.(3).与其他情态动词的比拟1)Can you lift this heavy box? 2) He was able to (could) run very fast.a.表示水平,此时可用be able to代替.She wasn ' t able to (couldn ' t) answer the question.b.Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to那么有更多的时态.I ' ll not be able to come this afternoon.c.当表示经过努力才得以做成功某事"时应用be able to, was / were able to :设法做成某事" 相当于managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.不能用Can. 如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.d.表示请求和允许时可与may互换.---Can I go now? --- Yes, you can. / No, you can ' t.e.在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中.---Could I come to see you tomorrow? --- Yes, you can. ( No, I ' m afraid not.)1) A computer think for itself; it must be told what to do. AA. can ' tB. couldn ' tC. may notD. might not2)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out. DA. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to3)They will run this machine on their own in three months. DA. canB. couldC. mayD. be able to4)That big cinema seat 2,000 people. AA. canB. shouldC. ought toD. is able to二、may, might(1).may的用法1.表示允许"：1) May I have a word with you? 2) You may do exactly as you like.2.用在陈述句中表示可能〞：1)It may be a new species.2) A fool may give a wise man counsel(劝告).傻子也可能给聪明人出主意.3.用在某些状语从句中：1)Write to him at once, so that he may know in time.2)Shut the window for fear that it may rain.4.用来表示祝愿1)May you enjoy many years of health and happiness.2)May God bless you!愿上帝赐福于你！5.用于may as well,意为不妨"：1)Catherine, you may as well come too.2)If that is the case, I may as well try.既然如此,我不妨试一试.(2).might的用法1.用作may的过去式：a表示可以〞：1)I asked her if I might call and see her. 2) I thought you might stay with us.b.表示可能〞：1)He thought it might be wise to try his luck there.2)It was careful not to look at him. He might have seen the surprise in my eyes.c.用在某些状语从句中：He died so that others might live.2.用来代替may,谈现在的情况,口气比may更婉转些.a.表示可以〞：1)Might I borrow your umbrella? 2) I wonder if I might use your phone.b.表示可能〞,或许〞,比may所表达的可能性较低：1)It might be worth thinking about. 它可能值得考虑.2)I might have come to a wrong conclusion. 我可能得出了错误的结论.3)He might be expecting an answer from you. 他可能正期待这你的答复.3.用might+完成形式谈过去的情况a.或许……〞本来可以〞,表示与事实相反1)They might not have considered me as their friend.2) A lot of man died who might have been saved.b.用于might as well(和may as well意思相同,表示不妨")The buses are so expensive these days, you might as well get a taxi.(3).比拟may 与might1.表示请求和允许. might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式. might, could比拟委婉,一般多用于疑问句.can, may表达的语言比拟随便.否认答复时可用can'或mustn' ,t表示不可以,禁止〞.1)----Might/ May I smoke in this room? ---- No, you mustn ' t.2)---- May/Might I take this book out of the room? ---- Yes, you can. (No, you can ' t / mustn ' t.)用May I... ?征徇对方许可时比拟正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见.2.may可用于祈使句,表示祝愿.1) May you succeed!3.表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句). might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小.1)He may /might be very busy now.2)Your mother may /might not know the truth.3)— Could I borrow your dictionary? — Yes, of course you. CA. mightB. willC. canD. should4)— Might I watch TV after supper? — Yes, you. AA. mayB. mustC. mightD. can三、must, have to(1).must的用法1.表示必须〞、'定要〞、得〞(多指现在或将来情况)：1)We must call the doctor. 2) I ' m afraid I must be going.2.mustn '表示』定不要"：1)Of course she mustn ' t leave us2 ) You mustn ' t walk on the grass.3.表示愉要〞,偏偏〞(做或发生不愉快的事)1)After I gave her my advice, she must go and do the opposite.2)Why must she be so angry with me? 为什么她偏偏对我生气？4.must表示推测、可能性(多用于肯定的陈述句)Judging by the smell, the food must be good.后面可跟完成形式或进行形式：1)The article must have been written by a woman.2)He must be working very hard.(2).与其他情态动词的比拟1.must表示必须、必要,在答复引出的问句时,如果是否认的,不用mustn '箴止,不准),而用needn' t, don 't hav^tO().---Must we hand in our exercise books today? --- Yes, you must. ---No, you don ' t have to / you needn,t.2.must是说话人的主观看法,而have to那么强调客观需要.Must只有一般现在时,have to有更多的时态形式.1)His play isn ' t interesting, I really must go now.2)I had to work when I was your age.四、dare, need(1).need的用法1.need用作情态动词主要用于否认句和疑问句中,表示不必〞1)You needn ' t clean the windows. They aren ' t dirty.2)It needn ' t be talked abou必谈到它.3)Need you have paid so much? 你必须付这么多钱吗？4)Do you think you need tell her about it?2.need 的虚拟用法：needn ' t have do^^必"'；needn ' t be doin/不必'〞1)You needn ' t have bought 你本不必买它的.2)You needn ' t be standing here in the raii^本不必站在这儿的雨中.⑵.dare的用法1.作情态动词时表示敢 ... "但可有过去式dared,主要用于否认句和疑问句：1)He daren ' t ask his boss for a day.他不敢向老板请一天假.2)No one dared speak of it.3)How dare you ask me such a question? 你怎么敢问我这样的问题.4)Dare you do it? --- I daren ' t do it.2.用于I dare say (我猜想,或许,可能)I dare say he will say. 或许他会说的.(3).dare 和need 异同：1.dare和need当情态动词用时：a.无人称和数的变化;b.后接动词原形,尤其用于否认句及疑问句中；可用在if/whether之后；或与hardly, never, no one, nobody 连用;c.常以needn '和daren '的形式出现；；d.dare有其过去式dared.1)If we dared not go there that day, we c ouldn ' t get the beautiful flowers.2)I daren ' t ask her for a rise不敢请求她加薪.3)How did you dare to tell her that?4)I wonder whether he dare stand up in public.5)I wonder whether he need send it immediately.6)I need hardly tell you that the work is dangerous. 我几乎不必告诉你这个工作是危险的.7)You needn ' t finish that work today.2.当实义动词用时多用于肯定句,有人称、时态和数的变化.在肯定句中, dare后面常接带to的不定式.在疑问句和否认句中, dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式.而need后面只能接带to 的不定式. (sb.) need to do; dare to do; (sth.) need to be done; (sth.) need doing1)I don ' t krioo w she dares to wear that dress.我不知道她怎么敢穿那件长裙.2)He doesn ' t dare (to) answer.3)He needs to finish his homework today. 他今天需要完成他的家庭作业.4)Do you need any help?5)The garden doesn ' t need watering at the moment.五、shall, should(1).shall的用法1.shall表威胁、警告、命令、承诺,用于第二、第三人称.1)He shall be punished if he disobeys. 他假设不服从就要受到惩罚.2)You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复.3)She shall get her share. 她可以得到她的一份.2.表征询意见,用于第一、第三人称,并用于疑问句.1)Shall I get you some fresh coffee, Linda? 琳达,我给你取些新鲜的咖啡好吗？2)What shall we do this evening? Shall we go to the theatre?今晚我们干什么？去看戏好吗？⑵.should的用法1.表义务,可用于各种句式,通常指将来或现在.1)You should do what your parents tell you. 你应该干你的家长告诉你的事.2)He should do some work, but he doesn '他wan^fo些活,但他不想干.3)You shouldn ' t feel so unhappy over such trifles这种小事,你不应该感到这么不快乐.4)You shouldn ' t be sitting in the su你不应该坐在阳光下.2.用于第一人称问句,表征询意见.Should I open the window?3.表感情色彩,意为竟然1)Why shouldn ' t you invite him2)I don ' t see why we shouldn e friend s?a咸不明白为什么我们竟不能成为朋友？4.should的虚拟和推测用法a表推测, 按理应该〞.1)The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.2)I should know her among a thousand.b.表虚拟, 本来应该〞或应该〞.1)He looks very ill. He should have stayed at home.2)I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing had happened.3)If he should drop in, give him my message.六、will, would(1).will的用法1.表意愿,主要用于第一人称. would指过去将来1) I won ' t argue with you. 2) I said I would do anything for him.2.表拒绝,用于否认句.would指过去将来.1)The doctor knows I won ' t be operated如®道我不想做手术.如主语是物,那么意为不起作用〞.2)The drawer won 't (wouldn ' sth ut.抽屉关不上了.3)My fountain pen wouldn't write. 我的自来水笔不能写字了.3.表请求,指将来,用于疑问句. would更客气1)Will you dine with me tomorrow? 明天同我一道吃饭好吗？2)Would you mind closing the door? 你介意关门吗？4.表猜想,指现在或将来；用于进行式时指现在；用于完成式时指过去,用于二、三人称.1)This will be the school, I believe.2)They will be waiting. 他们一定在等我们.3)You will have heard the news, I 我想m 如re听到了这个消息.5.有时will表难免.1) Boys will be boys.男孩子毕竟是男孩子. 2) Accident will happen.事故难免发生.⑵.would的用法1.表过去习惯性的动作：1)Occasionally they would go out and paint pictures. 偶尔他们会出去画画.2)Now and then a black bird would call. 偶然黑鸟会叫几下.2.表示对过去事情的推测, 大概；想必是〞：1)That would be in 1976, I think. 我想那大概是在1976 年.2)The person you mentioned would be his father, is that right? 你说的那个人想必是他的爸爸了,对吗？3.would用于虚拟条件句与含蓄条件句a.用于虚拟条件句：1)I would do it if I could.2)She would have talked more, had he not walked away.如果他没走开,她会谈得更多.b.用于含蓄条件句；1)Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人都会相信你的话.2)But for your help we would have been late. 要不是你的帮助,我们就退到了.3)Such a thing wouldn ' t have happened elsewh^r事在别处是不会发生.(3).will, would, used to 的比拟1.表示请求、建议等, would 更委婉.Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2.都可表示意志、愿望和决心.1) I will never do that again. 2) They asked him if he would go abroad.3.也都可以表猜想之意,但would语气更弱.1) This will be the school, I believe. 2) That would be in 1976, I think.4.would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向. would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,usedto过去常常,现已无此习惯.1)During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2)The wound would not heal.(4).shall 与will 的比拟shall / will+动词原形：均可表示将来. 过去时为should, would oshall可表示征询意见或命令、警告、允诺或威胁. will可表示意愿、常出现的动作、在疑问句中表示请求和建议.七、should, ought to(1).ought to 的用法1.应该应当(意思接近should)1) There is one thing I ought to tell you. 2) He ought not to do that.3)--- Ought he to go? ---Yes, he ought to. 4) Something ought to be done about it.2.表虚拟1)I ought to have helped her, but I never could.我本该帮她,但没能够.2)They oughtn ' t to have let you out of hospital so sool.本该帮她,但没能够.3.ought的推测用法1)I ought to be able to live on my salary. 我应当能靠薪水生活.2)I ought to be fit for the work next month. 下个月我应该可以工作了.后面可以跟完成形式或进行形式：1)He ought to have arrived by now. 他到现在应该已经到了.2)We ought to be hearing from him soon. 我们应该很快收到他的来信.(2).ought to与其他情态动词的比拟1.should, ought t.表示应该",ought t.表示义务或责任,比should语气重.1)I should help her because she is in trouble.2)You ought to take care of the baby.2.表示劝告、建议和命令. should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should o1)You should / ought to go to class right away.2)Should I open the window?3.表示推测should , ought to (客观推测),must(主观推测).1)He must be home by now.(断定他已到家)2)He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)3)This is where the oil must be.(直爽)4)This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)八、表示否认的情态动词的用法：局部情态动词的否认式是情态动词中的考点之一. mustn'不准,禁止；needn'没必要(=don ' t have to;)can '不能；不可能；may not 不可以;可能不；shouldn '不应该(=ought not to )1)You return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. CA. can ' tB. mustn ' tC. needn ' tD. may not2)Johnny, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself. BA. won ' t ; canB. mustn ' t ; mayC. shouldn ' t ; muDt can ' t ; shouldn ' t3)--- Will you stay for lunch? --- Sorry,. My brother is coming to see me. BA. I mustn ' tB. I can ' tC. I needn ' tD. I won ' t4)---May I pick a flower in the garden? ---. CA. No, you neednB. tNot, please.C. No, you mustnD.tNo, you won ' t九、情态动词短语的使用：would like to do 愿•意干•••.；would rather do •宁愿•••.；wouldrather + 从句；would prefer to do...更喜欢干•••.；had better do...最好干…..纠正错误：1)Would you like having some tea? Would you like to have some tea?2)I ' d prefer going to the lecture this evening. I ' d prefer to go to ...3)I ' d rather you to go to the meeting. ••- you went to ...4)He would rather to die than to give in. He would rather die than give in.5)You ' d better to have your hair cut today. You' d etter have ...十、情态动词+不定式完成式(have done)情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气.在这两个方面must/mustn ' ,t; can/cannneed/needn'; tmay/mayri & might/mightn should/shouldn t ougtht to等情态动词+完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的(1) can + have done在疑问句或否认句中表示"过去可能会做/不可能做了(表推测)".could/couldn 't have done 1.过去可能/不可能做(表推测)2.过去本来能够做/没能够做(表虚拟)1.You could have done better, but you didn ' t try^youTbest.2.He can ' t have been to that tow推测)3.Can he have got the book?(推测)4.Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.A. couldn ' t have receivedB. ought to have receivedC. has receivedD. shouldn ' t have received (答案为A)(2) may / might + 不定式完成式 ( have done)表示对过去行为的推测时, 不用于疑问句,might所表示的可能性比may小.might havedone还可表示“过去本可能做(表虚拟广,多用于肯定句.1). He may not have finished the work . 他可能没完成工作.2). If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.如果我们取另一条道,我们可能到得更早.⑶must +不定式完成式(have done)用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测.意为「定、想必〞.其疑问、否认形式用can, can '代替.参看(1) can / could + have done 表示推测.1). You must have seen the film Titanic.2). He must have been to Shanghai.3). My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met askedsympathetically, " Are you feeling al P rightA. must beB. had beenC. must have beenD. had to be (答案为C)(4)should + 不定式完成式(have done)用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测.He should have finished the work by now .表示本应该做而实际上没有做某事〞,其否认式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了.可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换.1). You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn ' t.)2). She shouldn ' t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.她不该拿走我的卷尺,由于我想用它.(5)needn '不定式完成式(have done)表示本来不必做而实际上做了某事".1). You needn ' t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.2). As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally.A. needn ' t dress upB. did not need have dressed upC. did not need dress upD. needn ' t have dressed up(没有必要穿的那么正式,表达是说话者的建议,实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定, 答案为D) (6)will +不定式完成式(have done)主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测. He will have arrived by now.would+have+done表示对过去事情的假设,意思是"本来会做" (表虚拟).1)I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我.2)Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩.⑺would rather (not) have done宁愿当时(没)做(表虚拟),有"懊悔〞之意.I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.我在会上提出了反对意见,但现在我宁愿没那么做.(8) would like/love to have done 过去愿意做而未做成 (表虚拟)I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I have to work extra hours to finish a report.昨晚我本来很想去参加聚会的,但我得加班完成一个报告.十一、几个情态动词常考的句型：1.may/might (just) as well 不妨,最好",与had better 相近；Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.既然航班已经取消了,你不妨乘火车吧.相当于you had better go by train.2.cannot / can' t…too越••••"•••越好,怎么也不过分".注意这个句型的变体cannot ••• over •••.1)You cannot be too careful when you drive a car. 驾车时候,越小心越好.2)The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot beover emphasized .最后一章涵盖了组织变革和开展.这个话题再怎么强调也不为过.edn'或did ' t use 的used to (do)的否认式.4.should除了应该〞,还要掌握其竟然〞的意思.I didn ' t expect that he should have behaved like th我无法想象他竟然这样做.情态动词练习题：1.At this moment, our teacher must be marking our exam papers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷.2.The road is wet. It must have rained last night.(rain)3.Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你.4.Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.5.---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.---She may (might) have gone (go) by bus.6.Mike can ' t have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,由于早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的.7.He shall be punished if he disobeys.如果他不服从,就要受到惩罚.8.We are not going to quarrel at all if you will only let me speak.只要你让我说话,我们根本就不会吵架.9.--Sir,he go or stay? --Let him go. BA. willB. shallC. mightD. could10.The door won't open.这门经常打不开.11.Ronald stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. DA. couldB. mightC. shouldD. would12.You shall have the book after I read it.我看完以后一定把这本书给你^13.Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on. CA. canB. couldC. mustD. would14.--- Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? ---No,. CA. you shouldn'tB. you might notC. you needn'tD. you mustn't15.We didn't see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it. BA. mustn't have attendedB. cannot have attendedC. needn't have attendedD. would have not attended16.We play chess than bridge. Some of us don't know how to play bridge. AA. had betterB. would betterC. would ratherD. had rather17.There is someone knocking at the door.it be Tom? AA. canB. mustC. shouldD. ought to18.Two year ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you worry about parking. DA. must notB. may notC. should notD. don't have to19.--Is John coming by train? D--He should, but he not. He likes driving his car. 〔2002 高考题〕A. mustB. canC. needD. may20.It has been announced that candidates〔候选人〕remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. D〔2002 上海高考题〕A. canB.willC. mayD. shall21.---I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. 〔2002 北京高考题〕 C---It true because there was little snow there.A. may not beB. won ' t beC. couldn ' t beD. mustn ' t be22. A sense of anxiety if we were addicted to various social networking〔人际网,联网〕applications. DA.would have arisenB.has arisenC.will ariseD.could arisearise vi.〔问题或困境〕出现,发生；起床;起立;起身；奋起斗争arise from/ out of由........ 引起/23.The guide was enthusiastic and knowledgeable and we spent a lovely evening wandering into places which we straight past otherwise. CA.had walkedB.were walkingC.would have walkedD.must have walked24.---Mr. Frank Smith truly stands out as the best friend and teacher combination.---Absolutely! When I look back on what he did, I'm not sure whether I the same in his position. BA.would doB.would have doneC.must have doneD.could do25.---I would be greatly thankful to Jason Coates who rescued my life after I fell through the ice. C---That's it. You Christina, your wife but that〔要不是〕Jason pulled you from the canal.A.will never meetB.would never meetC.would never have metD.will never have met26.The desk that clean so I could do home-work was always surrounded with bowls ofbad milk, old magazines and so on. DA.may have beenB.would have beenC.must have beenD.should have been27.---Did you attend the meeting for the experi-ment project yesterday? A---Yes, but I don't think I because my director was there.A.need haveB.needed toC.need to haveD.need to28.We can gain valuable wisdom from mistakes which to prevent them from happening again. DA.should be avoidedB.might be avoidedC.must have been avoidedD.could have been avoided。
情态动词用法
情态动词can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, can’t 等的用法。
1) can /couldJin can speak English well. (ability)Could you please show me the way to Beihai Park? (request)2) may /mightMay we see the awards for the teams? (permission; request)She might give you some new clothing. (possibility)3) will /wouldThe Spring Festival is the most fun. The whole family will come for dinner. (promise;agreement)Often he would dress up like a rich man. (past habit; custom)4) shall /shouldThe harvest festival begins on Saturday. We shall be there with our friends. (promise;agreement)You should arrive at the airport two hours before he goes. (advice)5) must /can’tWang Feng wins an award every year. He must be very strong (speculation)You must be joking. That can’t be true. (guessing)Teaching procedure:Period 1.Contents: Warming up & reading comprehensionStep 1.Warming upAim: Make students get to know something about water.Step 2. Pre-reading1.Show some pictures of making electricity, irritating in agriculture, transport by ships, etc,.2. group work:How is the water being used?Step 3. While-reading1.Scanning: Ss read scan the bold words in the passage and understand the structure of the passage.How many parts are there in the passage?2.Ss read and get the main ideas of each part.Part 1(para1): the properties of water;Part2(Para2): chemical structure of water---H2OPart3(Para3): salinity----- the percentage of salt.Part4(Para4): DensityPart5(Para5): heat capacityPart6(Para6-7) Ocean motionStep 4. After-readingFinish the post-reading Ex on P21.Step 5. Assignment1. surf the internet and get more information about water and ocean using search engines like yahoo or baidu. ( or just input the key words like Jules Verne into the address column of IE)2. discussion:What will you prepare for writing an explanation of corals?After discussion, work out an outline.Period 2.Contents: difficulties in the passage.Step 1. Warming upAsk some Ss to present their homework.Step 2. Learning about the language:Play the tape for students to follow.Teacher explain some language points in the text on page 19--20.1. Who benefits from using water in this way?Benefit…from/ by…This song reminds me of France.Remind me to answer the letter.I reminded her that the book would cost her much.2. Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest plankton all the way to giant like sharks andwhales.Range from… to…/ range between …. And…. 意为“从。
初一情态动词讲解及练习附答案
(could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。
情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语一、can, could1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）Mary can speak three languages.（知识）Can you skate?（技能）此时可用be able to代替。
Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。
如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2) 表示请求和允许。
-----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。
在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least.4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
2021届 高中英语语法--情态动词复习+练习含答案
高中英语语法--情态动词复习+练习情态动词，即表示人的情感和态度的动词，它们本身有一定的词义，但是不能独立作谓语，只能跟动词原形一起构成谓语。
情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛。
常见的情态动词主要有：can(could)，may(might)，must，need，shall(should)，will(would)，dare等。
1．can与could的用法(1)表示能力(could是过去时)。
My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet，but she couldn’t last year.我奶奶会网购了，但是去年她还不会。
(2)表示猜测，意为“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句(could是过去时)。
Can this news be true？这则消息是真的吗？(3)表示请求和许可(could表示更委婉的语气，回答时只能用can)。
—Can/Could I go now?—Yes，you can.——我现在可以走了吗？——是的，可以。
(4)用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上或习惯上的可能性。
As we all know，anyone can make mistakes.我们都知道，任何人都可能犯错。
(5)习惯用法“cannot...too...”表示“无论怎样……都不过分，越……越好”。
有时cannot可用can never替代。
We cannot thank you too much for what you’ve done for us.对于你们为我们所做的一切，我们怎么感激你们都不过分。
2．may与might的用法(1)表示允许、许可。
might在语气上比may更委婉。
以may/might开头的问句在否定回答中要用mustn’t/can’t。
—May/Might I play the computer games after supper?—Yes，you may./No，you mustn’t/can’t.——晚饭后我可以玩电脑游戏吗？——是的，可以。
情态动词shall_should__must_用法及练习
• 2) 肯定推测，“一定，准是”（只能用于 肯定句）
• 1. She must be tired after such a long walk. • 2. He must be sleeping now.
• ---Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? • ---She _____ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. A shall be B should have been C must be D might have been
3. must 表示固执,不满,意为“偏偏，偏
要,非得”
•---- May I smoke here? ---- If you __, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must
John, look at the time, __ you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
（2）.表示愿意，宁愿，肯
a) He would eat nothing b) I told him not to go, but he would not listen c) He would do in spite of our warnings.
（3）.表示假想的愿望.(但愿, 要是...多好/虚 拟) a) We wish that he would come again. b) It would be good if I could fly!
Modal verbs
2023年情态动词用法归纳
3、表达“也许性”。（否认句疑问句常见,肯定句也可以）
Can/Could it be true?
那会/也许是真旳。
That can’t/couldn’t be true.
那不也许是真旳。
Will you answer the phone? It could be your mother.
3、表达发言人惊奇，失望，愤怒等感情：
What’s happened to that money? How should I know?
那些钱怎么了？－我怎么懂得？
It’s strange that he should have lost his temper for such trivial things as that.
本不应当做-----（实际做了）
例如：
He must have been drinking beer.
他肯定一直喝啤酒来着。
The money can’t have been lost there.
钱不也许是在那儿丢旳。
He may have gone to bed.
他也许已经上床睡觉了。
She might not have settled the problem.
五．表达“推测”旳体现法总结
（1）表达对目前和未来状况旳推测：must一定，may也许，might也许，can’t不也许。
（2）对已通过去旳状况旳推测，用“情态动词＋have+ done”构造：
①must have done
过去一定已经…（只用于肯定句中）
②can’t / couldn’t have done
shall和should的用法
shall和should的用法shall与should都是情态动词，可以表示各种不同的意义和用法。
下面将具体介绍shall和should的用法。
1. 表示将来shall可以用于表示将来时态，表示说话人的意向、决心或方案。
例如：- I shall go to the supermarket tomorrow.（我明天要去超市。
）- We shall meet at 9 o'clock.（我们九点钟见面。
）- He shall not be allowed to enter the building.（他不会被允许进入建筑物。
）should也可以用于表示将来时态，表示建议、期望或必要性。
例如：- You should take an umbrella in case it rains.（你应当带把伞以防下雨。
）- They should arrive in London tomorrow.（他们明天应当到达伦敦。
）- Should I call a doctor?（我应当叫医生吗？）2. 表示义务和责任shall可以用于表示义务和责任，强调必需遵守的规章或法律。
例如：- Every citizen shall pay taxes.（每个公民都应当纳税。
）- Students shall obey the school rules.（同学应当遵守学校规定。
）- The driver shall stop at the red light.（司机必需在红灯停车。
）第1页/共5页should也可以用于表示义务和责任，但一般用于较为正式和客观的场合。
例如：- You should respect your elders.（你应当敬重长辈。
）- Employees should arrive on time for work.（员工应当按时上班。
）- Customers should follow the store's return policy.（顾客应当遵守商店的退货政策。
情态动词
情态动词（一）情态动词有一定的意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语．只作情态动词的can/could, may/might,ought to，must可情态可实义的need, dare/dared可情态可助动词的shall/should, will/would相当于情态动词的have to, used tomust , can/could, may/might 的用法1.must 表示推测时，只能用于肯定句。
e.g.这个电脑肯定出了问题。
There must be something wrong with the computer你努力学了一整天，一定累了吧You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.must , can/could, may/might 的用法注意：must用于肯定句中可表示―偏偏‖。
Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter must go and do the opposite.自然地，在我交代女儿做什么之后，她偏偏要做相反的事情.2.must +be doing/do 表示对现在的动作进行肯定推测e.g.他现在一定在看小说.He must be reading novels now.他们买了一辆新车。
他们一定很有钱.They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money.3.must +have done 表示对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断e.g.他们在玩篮球，他们一定完成了作业。
They are playing basketball, they must have finished their homework.路是湿的。
昨天晚上一定下雨了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.对现在或将来情况推测：must +动词原形。
语法详解情态动词的疑问句形式
语法详解情态动词的疑问句形式情态动词（Modal Verbs）在英语语法中起着非常重要的作用。
它们不仅能够表示说话人的情感、态度和意愿，还可以用来构成疑问句。
本文将详细讨论情态动词在疑问句形式中的用法，以帮助读者更好地理解和应用。
一、基本用法情态动词有can、could、may、might、will、would、shall、should、must等。
在构成疑问句时，它们通常直接放在主语之前。
例如：- Can you help me?（你能帮助我吗？）- Should we go now?（我们现在应该走吗？）- Might she be home?（她可能在家吗？）二、特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是以疑问词（如what、where、when、why、how等）开头的疑问句。
在特殊疑问句中，情态动词仍然位于主语之前，而疑问词则位于情态动词和动词之间。
例如：- What can I do for you?（我能为你做什么？）- How should we handle this situation?（我们应该如何处理这种情况？）- Why must he apologize?（他为什么必须道歉？）三、倒装疑问句倒装疑问句是在陈述句后面加上一个相反意义的疑问句，用于征求对方的确认或否认意见。
在倒装疑问句中，情态动词与主语倒装，即将情态动词放在主语之前。
例如：- You can swim, can't you?（你会游泳，对吗？）- He should eat more, shouldn't he?（他应该多吃一些，不是吗？）- They will come, won't they?（他们会来，是吧？）四、命令和建议有时候，疑问句形式的情态动词可以用来表达命令或建议，并带有一定的语气。
例如：- Could you please pass me the salt?（你能给我递一下盐吗？）- Might I suggest a different approach?（我可以建议采取不同的方法吗？）- Shouldn't you go to bed early?（你不应该早点睡觉吗？）五、多重情态动词有时候，一个句子中会出现多个情态动词。
常用的情态动词
1.情态动词本身有词义, 但词义不完全.2.不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语.3. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化( 除“have to”).1. can /could1）can ,could 用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，“经验之谈”As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.2)表示推测时，主要用在否定句或疑问句中。
can’t be\couldn’t be “肯定不是……, 不可能…”It’s so late. Can Tom be reading?It can’t be Mary. She has fallen ill.can/could not be doing “肯定不是正在做……”can/could not have done “过去不可能做某事”3）can/could have done 用于肯定句中“本来能做”You could have had a better mark.4）---Could (Can) you…?--- Yes, I can (不用could)--- May I use your computer?--- Of course you can.5) cannot （help\choose）but +动词原形“不得不，只能”I cannot help but tell her the truth.cannot help it “控制不住，没有办法”cannot …too……“无论怎样也不为过”I cannot thank you too muchcannot help doing sth 禁不住做某事6）couldn‘t +动词原形+比较级（再…不过了）It couldn't be better.I couldn't agree with you more.2may与might用法1.) 表示推测时，用于陈述句，表示把握不大。
情态动词的否定式
情态动词的否定式情态动词是用来表示说话人对某种行为或状态的看法、态度或推测的一类动词。
在英语中，情态动词包括can、could、may、might、will、would、shall、should、must、ought to。
当我们在使用情态动词时，有时需要表达否定的意思。
下面是一些常见的情态动词的否定形式及其用法。
1. can't: 表示"不能"或"不会"例句：- She can't swim. （她不会游泳。
）- I can't come to the party tonight. （我今晚不能来参加聚会。
）2. couldn't: 表示"不能"或"不会"（过去时）例句：- I couldn't find my keys this morning. （今天早上我找不到我的钥匙。
）- He couldn't understand the instructions. （他不能理解这些说明。
）3. may not: 表示"可能不"或"不可能"例句：- It may not rain tomorrow. （明天可能不会下雨。
）- You may not enter without a ticket. （没有票，你可能不被允许进入。
）4. might not: 表示"可能不"或"不可能"（更加不确定）例句：- She might not come to the meeting. （她可能不会来参加会议。
）- I might not be able to finish the project on time. （我可能无法按时完成这个项目。
）5. will not/won't: 表示"不会"或"将不会"例句：- He will not be able to attend the meeting tomorrow. （他明天不会能够出席会议。
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(3) must 表示固执,不满,意为“偏偏，
偏要,非得”
•---- May I smoke here?
---- If you __, choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. should B. could
C. may D. must
John, look at the time, __ you play the piano at such a late hour?
• ---- ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱk. • A will B Shall • C Would D Do
(2)用于肯定句与二、三人称连用，表示 说话人的 允诺，决心，威胁，警告， 命令，或法律、文件的 规定 。
• Nothing shall stop me from going there. 决心
• You shall be sorry for what you have done, I tell you.
• --- When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
• --- They ___ be ready by 12:00. • A. can B. should • C. might D. need • It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack __
• 1. Trees are good for man. We can’t plant them _____ many.
• A so B such • C too D enough • 2. In a rely race, a player can’t
A. Must B. Can
C. May D. Need
• 1. Why must you always break in when others are talking?
• 2. If you must break the law, of course, you will be punished.
• You mustn’t waste any more time.
• You must not smoke here.
• 禁止,不可以,千万别
• 2) 肯定推测，“一定，准是”（只能用于 肯定句）
• 1. She must be tired after such a long walk.
• 2. He must be sleeping now.
Modal verbs
1. shall (1)用于疑问句与第一、三人称连用，表
示征求意见或请求许可。
• 1) Shall we go out for a meal together?
• 2) Shall the newcomer have a try?
• 1.--- The room is so dirty .______ we clean it?
• There __ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.(05 上海)
A. mustn’t
B. shan’t
C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
• It’s strange that he should fail again.
• You can’t imagine that a wellbehaved gentleman ___ be so rude to a lady.
• A. might B. need C. should D. would
be here at any moment.
• A. must B. need • C. should D. can
• 3. must • ---- Must I do it at once?
---- Yes, you_m__u_s_t_. / ----No, youn_e_e_d_n_’.t (=No, you _d_o_n_’t_h__a_v_e_t_o)
威胁/警告
• 3.You shall get an mp5 as your birthday present this year.（允诺）
• 4.The fine shall be paid in cash.
（规定）
• 5. Persons under 18 shall not be employed. （规定）
• 2).You shouldn’t be so careless. ought not to
• 2）比较有依据的推测将来某种情况， • “按理说会，估计会”
• 1) It’s 2:30, They should be here now.
• 2) The glasses should be enough for each guest.
• ---Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
• ---She _____ in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
A shall be B should have been C must be D might have been
• 3) We should arrive before dark.
• 4) The roads should be less crowded today.
• (3)表示惊讶、遗憾、“竟然，居然”
• I’m glad that his son should have won the first prize.
“The interest(利息) __ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement,” declared the judge.
A.may B. should C. must D. shall
• 2. should
• 1). Children should be devoted to their parents.