测控专业英语课后单词及翻译
测控技术与仪器专业英语课后阅读翻译(1,5~10)
第1章课后Underwater Acoustic SignalIn the operation of a sonar system the operator is repeatedly faced with the problem of detecting a signal which is obscured by noise. This signal may be an echo resulting from a transmitted signal over which the operator has some control, or it may have its origin in some external source. These two modes of operation arise in radar surveillance and in disciplines for techniques and for illustrations of the basic principles.Since there are many ways in which one can think about signal detection , it is desirable to define a term to denote special cases . The word detection will be used when the question to be answered is, …Are one or more signals present?‟ when the system is designed to provide an answered to this question , either deterministic or probabilistic, one speaks of hypothesis testing. The case of a single signal occurs so often that many system are designed to provide only two answers, …Yes , a signal is present,‟ or …No, there is no signal.‟ One can make the p roblem more complicated by endeavoring to classify the signal into categories. Decisions of this latter kind will be referred to as target classification.Normally a piece of detection equipment is designed to operate in a fixed mode and the parameters such as integrating time of rectifier circuits or persistence of the oscilloscope tube for visual detection cannot be changed readily. There will always be some uncertain signals, which the observer will be hesitant to reject or accept. In these cases the operator might have the feeling that if the integrating time of the detector or the persistence of the oscilloscope tube were longer, he could reach a decision about the existence of the signal. Wald(1950) has formulated this intuitive feeling into a theory of detection. When one is able to vary deliberately the interval over which one stores data in the reception system in order to achieve a certain level of certainty, one speaks of sequential detection. Frequently it is desirable to determine not only the presence or absence of the signal but also one or more parameters associated with the signal . The parameters of interest can vary widely from a simple quantity such as time of arrival or target bearing to the recovery of the complete waveform . When a system is designed to recover one or more parameters associated with the signal , one speaks of signal extraction.The word signal was not defined and it was assumed that the reader had an intuitive felling for the word. Some elaboration may be in order since the definition of signal subjective and depends on the application . One may say that …signal‟ is what one wants to observe and noise is anything that obscures the observation. Thus, a tuna fisherman who is searching the ocean with the aid of sonar equipment will be overjoyed with sounds that are impairing the performance of a nearby sonar system engaged in tracking a submarine. Quite literally, one man‟s signal is another man‟s noise.Signals come in all shapes and forms. In active sonar system one may use simple sinusoidal signals of fixed duration and modulations thereof. There are impulsive signals such as those made with explosions or thumpers. At the other extreme one may make use of pseudorandom signals. In passive systems, the signals whose detection is sought may be noise in the conventional meaning of the word; noise produced by propellers or underwater swimmers, for example. It should be evident that one of our problem will be the formulation of mathematical techniques that can be used to describe the signal. Although the source in an active sonar search system may be designed to transmit a signal known shape, there is no guarantee that the return signal whose detection is sought will be similar. In fact , there are many factors to change the signal. The amplitude loss associated with inverse spherical spreading is most unfortunate for the detection system nut it does not entail any distortion of the wave shape . (Incidentally, where the wave can be approximated locally as a plane wave.) The acoustic medium has an attenuation factor , which depends on the frequency . This produces a slight distortion of the wave shape and a corresponding change in the energy spectrum of the pulse. The major changes in the waveform result from acoustic boundaries and inhomogeneities in the medium.When echoes are produced by extended targets such as submarines, there are two distinct ways in which echo structure is affected. First, there is the interference between reflections from the different leads to a target strength that fluctuates rapidly with changes in the aspect. Secondly, there is theelongation of the composite echo due to the distribution of reflecting features along the submarines. This means that the duration of the composite echo is dependent in a simple manner on the aspect angle. If T is the duration of the echo from a point scatterer, and L is the length of the submarine, the duration of the returned echo will be T=(2L/c)cosA ,where A is the acute angle between the major axis of the submarine and the line joining the source and the submarine. C is the velocity of sound in the water. Of course, LcosA must be replaced by the beam width of the submarine when A is near.A final source of pulse distortion is the Doppler shifts produced by the relative motions between the source, and the target (or detector in passive listening) may each have a different velocity relative to the bottom, the variety of effects may be quite large.水下声波信号在声纳操作过程中，操作员经常需要对受噪声干扰的信号进行检波。
测控专业英语词汇与短句(1)
Actuator 执行器correction 改正，修正Variable 变量feedback 反馈digital 数字的automatic 自动的adjust 调整sensor 传感器component 成分，组成open-loop 开环continuous 连续的setpoint 设定值coil 线圈on line 在线description 描述combination 结合robustness 鲁棒性logic unit 逻辑单元batch control 批次控制resolve 解决；决心drift 漂移nonlinear 非线性calibration 校准,刻度malfunction 故障hardness 硬度flexible 柔性的versatility 多功能性master control 主控制switch 开关corrective effect 纠正作用valve 阀simulation 模拟,仿真fuel flow 燃料流量diaphragm 谐振膜reference 参考equip 装备（vi）bumpless transfer 无扰动切换closed-loop 闭环damper 阻尼diode 二极管interrupt 中断international standards organization国际标准化组织hierarchical structure 层次结构inventory 详细目录库存存货optimize 最优化mimic 模仿的模拟的liquid crystal 液晶manipulated variable 操作量breakdown 故障，损坏key factors 关键因素relay 继电器condense 精简serial number 序列号general level 通用层scan time 扫描时间recovery time 恢复时间zero drift 零点漂移sensitivity 灵敏度control strategy 控制策略computer-integrated manufacturing计算机集成制造crank 曲柄artificial intelligence 人工智能monitor 监控compensate 补偿repeatable 可重复的dispersion 分散environmental control 环境控制cite 引用derate 减免auxiliary 辅助correspond 一致的ratio 比例frequency 频率bandwidth 带宽controller 控制器element 元件sense 检测，感知transducer 变送器computer analysis 计算机分析machine level 机器层control system 控制系统Measurement 测量selective 选择性的isolated 独立的capacitance 电容repetition 重复性signal transducer 信号变送器spring 弹簧external signal 外部信号on-off control 开关控制front panel 前面板optimal 最佳的deflection 偏差compensation 补偿detector 检测器reliability 可靠度derivative mode 微分模式control valve 控制阀interoperability 互操作性dynamic 动态(n;vi)validation 确认standardization 标准化numerical control 数值控制nonlinearity 非线性operational manual 操作指南output span 输出范围periodic 周期的oscillator 振荡器，振动器real-time control 实时控制blend 混合cell level 单元级purchase 采购random errors 随机误差pneumatic 气动的inaccurate 不准确response-time 响应时间diagnose 诊断interference 干扰restrict 限制；约束industrial computer 工业计算机integer 整数oscilloscope 示波器skipped periods 跳跃区间RMS-value 均方根servomechanism 伺服机构respond to 响应change in the load 负载的变化continuous manner连续方式hook up 链接sake 目的verify 查证，核实random 随机的economic community经济共同体amplitude 幅度condition 条件voltage 电压stable 稳定resistance 电阻conduct 引导consumer goods 消费商品alloy 合金extent 范围，程度ferric 铁的conduct 引导（vi）observer 观察者conclusion 结论misinterpret 曲解initial 最初的representation 表示法,代表restricted 受限制的intuition 直觉力preceding 在前的；前述的constitute 构成operational 操作的lower range limit 范围下限upper range limit 范围上限dead band 死区extent 范围single step 单步span 量程、跨度ideal value 理想值dispersion 分散散布set theory 集合论parameter 参数flow rate 流率statics 统计学quantitative data 定量数据qualitative data 定性数据potential 潜能、电压proportional mode 比例模式millivolt 毫伏oil refinery 炼油厂impedance 阻抗integral mode 积分模型maintenance 维护transmission 发射，发送，传播transfer function 传递函数wireless communication 无线通讯Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换master control 主控制mainframe computer 大型计算机magnetic field 磁场fluctuate 波动fieldbus 现场总线hypothesis 假说；假设dynamic 动态的cost-effective 节省成本的celsius 摄氏的ambient 周围的，周围环境的pattern recognition 模式识别sample 采样protocol 草案；协议systematic error 系统误差procure 采购、获得increment 增量overload 过载block diagram 方框图time dalay 时滞、时延process control 过程控制batch control 批次控制distributed control system 分布式控制系统liquid crystal 液晶manual control 手动控制flexible 柔性的self-tuning 自调谐inventory 详细目录、库存、清册client-server model 客户-服务器模型appliance 器具、装置irradiate 发射、照射electrode 电极thermostat 恒温器1.Measurement theory treats measurements as a mapping of elements of a source setbelonging to the empirical domain space onto the elements of an image set which is part of the abstract range space.测量理论把测量看作是经验域空间的源集合的元素映射到图像集的元素，这是抽象距离空间的一部分2.The acquisition of structural information is called a qualitative measurement; theacquisition of metric information is called a quantitative measurement.结构信息的获取称为定性度量，度量信息的获取称为定量度量3.As opposed to a physical measurement the object of a non-physical measurementis often conscious of being measured.与物理测量相反，非物理测量的对象通常是有意识的被测量的。
测控专业英语3
译为：测量是科学、工程、建筑及其他技术，甚至日常生活的 基础。
Measurement
(1) element In general, measuring systems comprise a number of functional elements. One element is required to discriminate the measurand and sense its dimensions or frequency. This information is then transmitted throughout the system by physical signals. If the measurand is itself active, such as water flow, it may power the signal; if passive, it must trigger the signal by interaction either with an energetic probe, such as a light source or X--ray tube, or with a carrier signal. Eventually the physical signal is compared with a reference signal of known quantity that has been subdivided or multiplied to suit the range of measurement required. The reference signal is derived from measurands of known quantity by a process called calibration.
测控技术与仪器专业英语单词
维数
保真
终端
心电图
丝，细丝线
均匀地
偶数的
火焰，故障
逐字的
展开式
蛇阀
工作台
前述的
箔，薄片
有源元件
几何学的
框架
抽成真空的
半波对称
摩擦
放大器
谐波的
表，仪器
阳极
恒等式
谐波
可归因于
瞬间
照度
偏压，偏置
被积函数
电感，感应
电容器
求。的积分
惯性
阴极
直观的
红外的
电流
几何学
反向的
二极管
线性的
概率寿命
掺杂
Main
电源，电力网
钛酸盐
基座，衬底
对称的
仪器
超大规模集成电路
有效位，意义
可获得的
遥感
综合，合成
衰减器
扫描仪
奇异点
带宽
遮蔽，覆盖
三角法的
Battery
电池
频道
算法
与。成反比
实体镜的，立体的
谐波
修正，校正
调查，测量
间歇地
电容
融合，合并
轨迹
阴极
监视，监督
映射
集电极
监控
要素
导通电流
协作的
可忽略的
分贝
巩固，统一
幂级数
偏转指针计
伪造的
混乱，混淆
计算
解决
厌烦，沉闷
前后关系
热的
遇到
恒温的
一般的
激发，开发
说明，解释
适配板
考虑，关心
虽然
落后，滞后
模数转换
测控专业英语Unit 4
③The uncertainty of the standard used for calibration．
仪器的准确度取决于三个主要因素：① 距离上次校准的 时间； ②校准和使用时的温差； ③用于标定的标准的不确 定度。
Unit 4
Calibration
2.1 In most organizations，calibration is the responsibility of a separate group. That group is responsible for maintaining working standards, keeping records of instruments for periodic calibration and certification, and being knowledgeable of the latest calibration procedures．
What should the separate calibration groups do according to their tasks and office authorities? 办公权限
Questions before reading
Q4
What are calibration procedures and instrument performance check, and how are they implemented? 校准程序
校准是指为了使仪器与已有标准完全一致 （匹配）而将一个测量仪器与一个标准的或其他 已知准确度的仪器相比较的过程。
Unit 4
Calibration
The established standard is normally of at least four 1.3 times greater accuracy than the instrument being calibrated or the average of multiple standards if the four-times criterion is not feasible． 已有标准通常至少四倍于待校准仪器的准确度，或者 当四倍标准不可行时，则采用多重标准平均方式。 To say that an instrument is calibrated means that it 1.5 indicates measurements within specified limits of error for that instrument． 也就是说，仪器校准表明了其测量误差的确定限度。
测控技术与仪器专业英语词汇
Lesson 1Accuracy 精确性、精度Amplitude 振幅，幅度Channel 信道，频道Coefficient 系数Convergence 收敛Differentiate 求……的微分Expansion 展开式Harmonic 谐波的Instant 瞬时，时间Integrate 求……的积分Linear 线性的Order 次序，阶Peak 最高的，最高峰Periodicity 周期Phase 相位Polynomial 多项式的，多项式Resistor 电阻器Series 展成级数，级数Taylor series 泰勒级数Set 集合Sinusoidal 正弦的Time domain 时域frequency-domain 频域integrand 被积函数Lesson 2decay 衰减duration 持续时间exponential 指数的multiplier 乘数，乘法器oscillatory 振荡的frequency density function 频率密度函数Fourier series 傅立叶级数Spectrum 频谱Imaginary part of complex 复数的虚部Real part of complex 复数的实部Conjugate pairs 共轭对Lesson 3algorithm 算法decaying oscillatory function 衰减振荡函数power series 幂级数shift operator 移位算子product 乘积electrical disturbance 电干扰sampled-data signal 数据采样信号be proportional to 与…成正比Lesson 5dead-band 死区hysteresis 滞后linearity 线性度measurand 被测量oscilloscope 示波器performance 特性precision 精确度resolution 分辨率static friction 静态摩擦sensitivity 灵敏度calibration 校准loading effect 负载效应slop 斜率platinum 铂thermometer 温度计in cascade with 与…串联in parallel with 与…并联lever 杠杆displacement 位移indicated value示值true value 真值deflection 偏转possible error 可能误差probable error 概率误差root-sum-square error 方和根误差Lesson 6overshoot 过调量，超调量transient response 瞬态响应variable 变量ramp 斜坡resonance 共振step input 阶跃输入step response 阶跃响应transient 瞬态的first-order system 一阶系统static error 静态误差dynamic error 动态误差time constant 时间常数frequency response 频率响应damping ratio 阻尼比under-damp 欠阻尼over-damp 过阻尼mass-spring system 质量-弹簧系统steady-state 稳态rise time 上升时间settling time 建立时间（过渡过程时间）specification 性能指标tolerance 容差Lesson 7capacitance 电容deformation 变形distortion 变形，扭曲electromagnetic 电磁的gauge 表，仪器，计strain gauge 应变计crystalline material 晶体材料voltage 电压current 电流harmonics 谐波inductance 电感，感应infrared 红外的linearize 线性化natural frequency 固有频率mutual-inductance 互感photoconductive cell 光电导管photoelectric effect 光电效应piezo-electric 压电的potential divider 分压器potentiometer 电位计，电位器精品文库resistance 电阻thermistor 热敏电阻transducer 转换器，传感器cross-sectional area 截面积excitation voltage 激励电压full-scale 满量程rotary 旋转的translational 平移的mechanical wear 机械磨损inertia 惯性power dissipation 功耗illumination 照度transparent 透明的Lesson 8coupling 耦合flux 磁通impedance 阻抗permeability 磁导率permittivity 电容率，介电系数reluctance 磁阻variable-distance capacitive transducer 变间距式电容式传感器oscillation circuit 振荡电路l.v.d.t 线性差动变压器piezo-electric transducer 压电式传感器charge amplifier 电荷放大器parallel-plate capacitor 平板电容器variable-reluctance transducer 变磁阻传感器liquid level 液位Lesson 9apparatus 仪器attenuator 衰减器bandwidth 带宽battery 电池be inversely proportional to 与成反比be proportional to 与成正比capacitor 电容feedback 反馈gain 增益operational amplifier 运算放大器semiconductor 半导体terminal 终端test probe 探针voltmeter 电压表multirange 多量程variable resistor 可变电阻Lesson 10duty cycle 占空比timerbase 时基register 寄存器signal conditioning 信号调理threshold 阈值trigger 触发器Lesson 11adapter boarder 适配板analog-to-digital conversion模数转换desktop 工作平台distortion 失真dynamic 动态的expansion slot 扩展槽generator 发生器interface 接口local area network LAN 局域网motherboard 母板scale 刻度slot 长槽workbench 工作台computer-aided testing（CAT）计算机辅助测试desktop personal computer台式个人计算机knob 旋钮16-channel analog-to-digitalconversion board 16通道模/数转换板12-bit resolution 12位分辨率buffer 缓冲器interface 接口data-gathering device 数据采集装置Lesson 12active element 有源元件bias 偏差，偏置current intensity 电流electrode 电极field-effect transistor FET场效应管grid 格子，栅极integrated circuit 集成电路magnetic field 磁场passive component 无源元件photocell 光电管sensor 传感器，敏感元件thermocouple 热电偶transducer 变换器，换能器，传感器vacuum tube 真空管，电子管Lesson 13cache memory 高速缓冲存储器，高速缓存control unit 控制器，控制部件drain 场效应管的漏集dynamic RAM （DRAM）动态随机存取存储器gate 门（电路），管子的栅极local memory 局部存储器，本地存储器metal-oxide-semiconductorfield effect transistor（MOSFET）金属氧化物半导体场效应管microcontroller 微控制器microprocessor微处理器monitor 监视器mouse 鼠标精品文库printer打印机static RAM （SRAM）静态RAMultra-large-scale integratedcircuit 超大规模集成电路。
测控技术与仪器专业英语单词翻译
测控技术与仪器专业英语单词翻译If a measurement is slightly off the mark,we have the tendency to compensate for the error by allowing the recorded eeading to creep closer to our perceived impression of the true value.如果测量值有轻微的偏差，我们综合室倾向于补偿误差将记录值向感觉的真值靠拢。
更糟的是事实上两次测量中仪器本身不会一直指向相同的位置，由于指针的移动的。
Aggravating the situation is the fact that the meter itself does not always register identical values the same way twice,depending on which way the pointer happens to be moving. .大多数的误差来自视差，即观察仪器指针的角度不垂直造成的视差，即使我们已经解释了这种生理特性，却还是想从自身逃避责任While the main gate is open,the conditioned input signal pulses are passer through to the counting register,where they are tallied and then scaled for output by the display circuitry.当主控门打开时，经过转换的输入脉冲通过其进入计数寄存器，并在此统计，然后通过读书屏输出。
Because the frequency counter must accommodate a wide range of input signals,with vary degrees of voltage,noise component,and DCoffset,the input must pass through many conditioning circuits before it is fully conditioned.由于频率计数器必须提供一个宽范围的输入信号，使之能够适用于不同伏特，噪声成分和直流偏移，所以输入信号在充分变换前必须经过许多转换电路。
测控技术与仪器专业英语课文以及单词
? One can measure thickness on many scales .The galaxy is sphick.. 你可以测量厚度,在许多尺度螺旋星系的约100 Em(1020m磁盘)深
? 3.Distance measurement 3。距离测量
? The tools and techniques of distance measurement are possibly one of humankind's longest-running inventive pursuits .This chapter concerns itself with methods to measure a relatively small segment of this range-from centimeters to kilometers .Even within this limited segment ,it would hardly be possible to list ,much less describe ,all of the distance measurement approaches that have been devised .Nevertheless ,the small sampling of technologies that are covered here should be of help to a broad range of readers.
? The altitude information at air traffic control (ATC) centers is based on pressure altitude measurement that the aircraft transponder system sends after it receives an appropriate interrogation——known as mode C interrogation——transmitted by a secondary surveillance radar. Actually, the altitude information is an atmospheric pressure measurement transformed to altitude indication through a formula expressing the pressure/altitude relationship. When a flight level is cleared for an aircraft, it actually means that the pilot must keep flying on an isobaric surface. However, the altimetry system may present systematic errors (biases) that are different for each airplane, and that significantly affect safety. Thus, the altimetry system performance as well as the aircraft height keeping performance must be monitored by an independent radar or satellite system. 信息的高度,在空中交通管制中心(ATC)根据压高度测量,飞机的应答机系统发给后都把它珍藏一个适当的审讯——被称为模式C讯问——通过二级监视雷达。实际上,高度的大气压力测量信息转化为高度通过公式显示表达压力/高度的关系。当一个飞行高度是允许飞机时,实际上就意味着飞行员必须不停地飞在一个isobaric表面。然而,altimetry系统系统误差可能出现偏差)(飞机的不同而有所区别,明显影响安全。因此,altimetry系统性能以及飞机高度保持性能均须由独立的雷达或卫星电视系统
测控技术与仪器专业英语单词总结
Operational description 操作描述；Acquisition of information 信息采集；Object of measurement 测量目标；Measurand 被测物理量；Measurement result 测量结果；A necessary and not a sufficient aspect 一个必要而非充分的条件Selectivity 选择性；Objective 客观的Observer 观察者；观察器Extract 吸取，摘取Arbitrary 专横的，专断的，反复无常的；Conclusion 结论；Highly subjective 高度主观的；Handicapped 残疾的Magnetic field 磁场Objectivity 客观性Artefact 人工品Misinterpret 曲解Measurement instrument's output 测量装着的输出；Structural information 公制信息Qualitative measurement 质量测量Quantitative measurement 数量测量Nature 本质Respective characteristic 各自的特性Empirical world 经验的世界Abstract image 抽象的映像Actual empirical quantity 实际经验的数量Mapping of element 元素的映射Source set 源集Empirical domain space 经验域空间Image set 映像集Abstract range space 抽象域空间Electrical domain 电气域Measurement process 测量过程Symbol 符号Assignment algorithm 分配算法Abstract symbol 抽象符号Employed measurement system 被使用的测量系统Descriptive 描述的，叙述的Set theory 集合论Relational system 相关系统Physical quantity 物理量Electrical potential difference 电势差Cardinal measurement 最重要的测量Jolt 重击，摇撼Mutual induction 互感Quotient 商数Thermostat 自动调温器Coil 线圈Alloy 合金Geometry 几何学，几何，几何图形，几何结构Coaxial 同轴的，同轴电缆的Cylinder 圆柱体，汽缸，圆柱形的容器Parasitic quantity 寄生量附属量Interaction 互交作用Isolated measurement 隔离测量，独立测量Inanimate 死气沉沉的，没生命的，单调的Practicable 能实现的行得通的，可以实行的Sake 为了...的好处，出于对...的兴趣，缘故，理由Conduct 引导，传到Consumer goods 消费商品Scarcity 缺乏，不足Extent 范围，程度Obscure 使暗，使不明显Corrupt 使恶化Sensitivity 敏感，灵敏，灵敏性Repetition 重复性Reproducible 能繁殖的，可再生的，可复写的Random errors 随机误差Ethical 与伦理有关的，民族的，民族特有的Modified variable 修改变量Irreversible process 不可改变的进程Psychological experiment 心里测试Catatonic state 紧张性神经病的状态Mental disorder 精神错乱Chronic schizophrenia 慢性精神分裂症Oscilloscope 示波器，示波管Rms 均方根Ferric 铁的，含铁的Chloride 氯化物漂白粉Measurement strategy 测量策略fluctuate 波动frequency spectrum 频谱coherent sampling 相干采样periodic 周期的，定期的Sample 采样值actual measurement signal 实际测量信号denote 表示skipped period 跳跃区间Reconstructed signal 重建的信号envelope 包络线Peak 最高值，峰值sampling oscilloscope 采样示波器arbitrary moment 任意时刻amplitude distribution function 振幅分布函数statistical parameter 统计参数Multiplex 多路操作Simultaneously 同时地sequentially 顺序地time multiplexing 时间多重操作Enumeration 计数，列举，细目Analogy 类推，类比，类推法Repetition 重复，循环Denote 指示，标志Stroboscopic 频闪观测仪scatter 使分散，驱散，散布，挥霍，消散，溃散nonlinearity 非线性，非直线性discernible 可辨别的，可看出的class 分类systematic errors 系统误差random errors 随机误差consistently 固守地一贯地inaccurate calibration 不准确的刻度mismatched impedance 不匹配的阻抗response-time error 反应时间误差malfunction 故障障碍，发生故障oscillator 振荡器。
《测控技术与仪器专业英语》张凤登UNIT-x-词汇与参考书-参考译文及练习答案
GLOSSARYAabbreviate [ə'bri:vieit] v. 缩写，简写abide [ə'baid] v. 遵循，遵守abscissa [æb'sisə] n. 横坐标ac abbr. 交流电（alternating current）acceptable [ək'septəbl] a. 可接受的accomplishment [ə'kɔmpliʃmənt] n. 成果；成就accumulation [ə,kju:mju'leiʃən] n. 积累过程，积累accuracy ['ækjurəsi] n. 精度，准确度acoustics [ə'ku:stiks] n. 声学acquisition [,ækwi'ziʃən] n. 获取，采集，探测acronym ['ækrəunim] n. 首字母缩写（词）active ['æktiv] a. 有源的adaptive [ə'dæptiv] a. 适应的，适合的adjacent [ə'dʒeisənt] a. 临近的，毗连的administer [əd'ministə] v. 实施admissible [əd'misəbl] a. 可采纳的，允许的adversely ['ædvə:sli] ad. 相反地，不利地aerial ['εəriəl] a. 航摄的，空气的，气体的aforementioned [ə'fɔ:,menʃənd] a. 上述的，前面提到的AI addr. 人工智能（artificial intelligence）albeit [ɔ:l'bi:it] conj. 虽然；即使algebraic [,ældʒi'breiik] a. 代数的align [ə'lain] v. 匹配；对齐allure [ə'ljuə] n. v. 引诱，吸引；魅力alternate ['ɔ:ltəneit] a. v. 交替的，轮流的；交替，轮流alternation [,ɔ:ltə'neiʃən] n. 半周（交流），交替altitude ['æltitju:d] n. 高度ALU abbr. 算术/逻辑单元（arithmetic/logic unit）ambient ['æmbiənt] a. 周围的，环境的amplitude ['æmplitju:d] n. 幅度，振幅analog ['ænəlɔɡ] n. 模拟anode ['ænəud] n. 阳极antenna [æn'tenə] (pl. antennae) n. 天线appointment [ə'pɔintmənt] n. 职位approach [ə'prəutʃ] v. 探讨；接近arbitrate ['ɑ:bitreit] v. 仲裁architecture ['ɑ:kitektʃə] n. 架构，体系结构ARCnet abbr. 附加资源计算机网络（attached resourcecomputer Network）·164·arguably ['ɑ:ɡjuəbli] ad. 有争议地armature ['ɑ:mə,tjuə] n. 电枢，（电机）转子arrangement [ə'reindʒmənt] n. 装置[备]，排列，布[配]置ascertain [,æsə'tein] v. 确定assembly [ə'sembli] n. 结构，装配assess [ə'ses] v. 估计，评定assorted [ə'sɔ:tid] a. 已分类的；各式各样的astound [ə'staund] v. 使…大吃一惊astronomy [ə'strɔnəmi] n. 天文学autotransformer [,ɔ:təutræns'fɔ:mə] n. 自耦变压器avionic [,eivi'ɔnik] a. 航空电子学的avoidance [ə'vɔidəns] n. 避免Bbackbreaking ['bæk,breikiŋ] a. 累断腰的，繁重的，非常辛苦的backlash ['bæk,læʃ] n. 齿间隙backplane ['bæk,plein] n. 底板，插接板bandwidth ['bændwidθ] n. 带宽，频带宽度base [beis] n. 基极BCD abbr. BCD码（binary-coded decimal）bellows ['beləuz] n. 波纹管bias ['baiəs] v. 偏置biomedical [baiəu'medikəl] a. 生物医学的bistable [bai'steibl] a. 双稳态的bit [bit] n. 位blind [blaind] a. 盲目的block [blɔk] n. 积木，块blower ['bləuə] n. 鼓风机，吹风机blunder ['blʌndə] n. v. 大错，失误；犯大错，做错boost [bu:st] n. v. 推进，提高，促进，发展bounce [bauns] n. 颤动，跳动brushless ['brʌʃles] a. 无电刷的bubble ['bʌbl] n. 气泡，泡buoyant ['bɔiənt] a. 有浮力的bus [bʌs] n. 总线；母线butterfly ['bʌtəflai] a. n. 蝶形的；蝴蝶bypass ['baipɑ:s] n. 旁路Ccalibrate ['kælibreit] v. 校准calibration [,kæli'breiʃən] n. 标度，刻度，校准CAN abbr. 控制器局域网（controller area network）canonical [kə'nɔnikəl] a. 标准的；规范的·165·capacitance [kə'pæsitəns] n. 电容capacitive [kə'pæsitiv] a. 电容的capacitor [kə'pæsitə] n. 电容器capsule ['kæpsju:l] n. 膜盒carrier ['kæriə] n. 载流子cartridge ['kɑ:tridʒ] n. （唱片）拾音器，卡盘catalyst ['kætəlist] n. 促进因素，催化剂categorize ['kætiɡəraiz] v. 分类cathode ['kæθəud] n. 阴极cavity ['kævəti] n. 腔体cellular ['seljulə] a. 蜂窝状的，网状的，细胞（状）的CEMF abbr. 反向电动势（counter EMF）census ['sensəs] n. 人口统计cereal ['siəriəl] a. n. 谷物的；谷物characteristic [,kærəktə'ristik] a. n. 特性（的），特征，特色；特性曲线charge [tʃɑ:dʒ] n. 电荷chip [tʃip] n. 芯片CIMS abbr. 计算机集成制造系统（computerintegrated manufacturing system）circuit ['sə:kit] n. 电路circuitry ['sə:kitri] n. 电路（总称）clash [klæʃ] v. 抵触，冲突clockwise ['klɔkwaiz] a. 顺时针方向的，counter~, anti~ 逆时针方向的CMOS abbr. 互补金属氧化物半导体（complementarymetal oxide semiconductor）coil [kɔil] n. 线圈coincidence [kəu'insidəns] n. 巧合collector [kə'lektə] n. 集电极collision [kə'liʒən] n. 碰撞，冲突commit [kə'mit] v. 保证commonplace ['kɔmənpleis] a. 平凡的commutator ['kɔmjuteitə] n. 换向器compact [kəm'pækt] a. 紧凑的；密集的compatible [kəm'pætəbl] a. 兼容的，协调的（~ with）component [kəm'pəunənt] n. 元件；部件comprehensive [,kɔmpri'hensiv] a. 综合（性）的compress [kəm'pres] v. 压缩compression [kəm'preʃən] n. 压缩compromise ['kɔmprəmaiz] v. 折衷，损害condition [kən'diʃən] v. n. 调整[节]；条件configuration [kən,fiɡju'reiʃən] n. 组态，结构，配置conscientious [,kɔnʃi'enʃəs] a. 尽责的consecutive [kən'sekjutiv] a. 连续的；相继的consistently [kən'sistəntli] ad. 协调地·166·constraint [kən'streint] n. 约束，约束条件contour ['kɔntuə] n. 形状，轮廓contraction [kən'trækʃən] n. 缩写conversely [kən'və:sli] ad. 相反地converter [kən'və:tə] n. 转换器，换流器coordinate [kəu'ɔ:dinit] n. v. 坐标（用复数）；调整，整理corrugated ['kɔruɡeitid] a. 波纹的cost-effective a. 性能价格比covalent [kəu'veilənt] a. 共价的coulomb ['ku:lɔm] n. 库仑（电量单位）CPU abbr. 中央处理单元（central processing unit）criterion [krai'tiəriən] n. 判据critical ['kritikəl] a. 关键的crystalline ['kristəlain] n. 晶体的CSMA/CD abbr. 载波监听多路访问/冲突检测（carrier sensemultiple access with collision detection）culmination [,kʌlmi'neiʃən] n. 顶点，极点curvature ['kə:vətʃə] n. 弯曲，曲率custom ['kʌstəm] a. 定制的cutoff ['kʌt,ɔ:f] a. 截止的，未通电的cybernetics [,saibə'netiks] n. 控制论cylinder ['silində] n. 汽缸，气缸，圆柱体Ddam [dæm] n. 坝damp [dæmp] n. v. 阻尼dash [dæʃ] n. 仪表板dc abbr. 直流电（direct current）decade ['dekeid] n. 十decibel ['desibel] n. 分贝deck [dek] n. （录音机）走带机构decoder [,di:'kəudə] n. 解码器decrement ['dekrimənt] v. n. 递减，减少；减量deduce [di'dju:s] v. 推论de-energized [di'enədʒaizd] a. 失电的deficit ['defisit] n. 缺少，亏损deflection [di'flekʃən] n. 偏向，偏转，折射delay [di'lei] n. 延迟，滞后demodulator [di:'mɔdjuleitə] n. 解调器denominator [di'nɔmineitə] n. 分母deposit [di'pɔzit] v. 沉积，沉淀；存放，寄存derivative [di'rivətiv] a. n. 微分，导数；微分的，导数的designation [,deziɡ'neiʃən] n. 标示，名称detached [di'tætʃt] a. 分离的·167·deterministic [di,tə:mi'nistik] a. 确定的detrimental [,detri'mentəl] a. 不利的，有害的deviation [,di:vi'eiʃən] n. 偏差，背离，偏离dexterity [dek'steriti] n. 灵巧，机敏，灵活，熟练diac ['daiək] n. 二端交流开关（元件）diagnose ['daiəɡnəuz] v. 诊断diagonal [dai'æɡənəl] a. 对角的diaphragm ['daiəfræm] n. 膜片dielectric [,daii'lektrik] n. 电介质differential [,difə'renʃəl] a. 差分的，差动的；微分的differentiator [,difə'renʃieitə] n. 微分器digital ['didʒitəl] a. 数字的digitize ['didʒitaiz] v. 将…数字化diode ['daiəud] n. 二极管disc [disk] n. 唱片discern [di'sə:n] v. 看到；辨出dissipation [disi'peiʃən] n. 消散，驱散distinction [dis'tiŋkʃən] n. 区别；差别distortion [dis'tɔ:ʃən] n. 失真disturbance [di'stə:bəns] n. 扰动diverse [dai'və:s] a. 多种多样的DMA abbr. 直接存储器访问（direct memory access）dominant ['dɔminənt] n. a. 显性，显性的dope [dəup] v. 给（半导体等）搀杂DPST abbr. 双刀单掷（double-pole single-throw）drain [drein] n. 漏极droop [dru:p] n. v. 下垂量；下垂DSP abbr. 数字信号处理器（digital signal processor）duct [dʌkt] n. 管道dynamics [dai'næmiks] n. 动态（特性），（动）力学dynamometer [,dainə'mɔmitə] n. 测力计Eecological [,i:kə'lɔdʒikəl] a. 生态的，生态学的effector [i'fektə] n. 操纵装置eigenvalue ['aiɡən,vælju:] n. 特征值elapse [i'læps] v. （时间）过去，消逝electromagnetic [i,lektrəumæɡ'netik] a. 电磁的electromagnetism [i,lektrəu'mæɡnitizəm]n. 电磁学electromechanical [i,lektrəumi'kænikəl]a. 机电的，电机的electromotive [i,lektrəu'məutiv] a. 电动的element ['elimənt] n. 元件eliminate [i'limineit] v. 排除，消除embark [em'bɑ:k] v. 从事，着手·168·embed [im'bed] v. 嵌入embrace [im'breis] v. 包括EMF abbr. 电动势（electromotive force）emitter [i'mitə] n. 发射极emulation [,emju'leiʃən] n. 竞争，仿真enamel [i'næməl] n. 珐琅encapsulate [in'kæpsəleit] v. 封装energize ['enədʒaiz] v. 给…通电energized ['enədʒaizd] a. 通电的entity ['entəti] n. 实体equilibrium [,i:kwi'libriəm] n. 平衡，均衡equivalent [i'kwivələnt] n. 相等的；相同的Eq. (equation [i'kweiʒən]) n. 方程（式），等式erasable [i'reizəbl] a. 可擦除的ESP abbr. 电子稳定程序（electronic stability program）etch [etʃ] v. 刻蚀，刻画evaluate [i'væljueit] v. 评价evaluation [i,vælju'eiʃən] n. 估计event [i'vent] n. 事件evolve [i'vɔlv] v. 发展，演变，进化exclusively [ik'sklu:sivli] ad. 排外地，专有地excursion [ik'skə:ʃən] n. 偏差executable ['eksikju:təbl] n. a. 可执行文件，可执行的exert [iɡ'zə:t] v. 施加。
测控技术与仪器专业英语全书翻译
jug will feel relatively cold. Besides the subjectivity of our observation ,we human observers are also handicapped by the fact that there are many states or phenomena in the real world around us which we
观察者。换句话说,仪器将最初的观察到任何观测者都表示会同意能封锁。For the measurement instrument’s output ,therefore ,objectively observable output such as numbers on an alpha-numerical display should be used rather than subjective assessment of such things as colour ,etc.. Designing such instruments ,which are referred to as measurement systems ,is the field of (measurement) instrumentation.用来测量仪器的输出,因此,客观观察的输 出如数字显示 alpha-numerical 应使用而不是主观评价诸如色彩,等。设计这样 的仪器都被称为量测系统,域(计量仪表。In the following ,we will define measurement as the acquisition of information in the form of measurement
测控技术与仪器专业英语教程(第2版)课后答案 英译汉
第五章课后A random erroris due to acontrolled，large number of independent small effects that cannothe identified orit is a statistical quantity. As such，iteach replication of the observations. If a large number of readings iswill vary for the same quantity.the scatter of the data about a mean value can be evaluated.The scatter generally follows a guassian distribution about a mean value.whichis assumed to be the true value.Accuracy is the deviation of the output from the calibration input or the true value. If the accuracy of a voltmeter is 2% full scale as described in the preceding section·the maximum deviation i、士2units for all readings.一个随机误差是由于控制,大量的独立影响小,不能他发现或这是一个统计量。
因此,它每个复制的观察。
如果大量的读数是同样数量的不同而不同。
散射的数据值可以评估。
散高斯分布通常遵循关于意味着value.which被认为是真正的价值。
准确性是偏差的输出的输入或真正的校准价值。
如果把电压表的准确性2%全面描述在前面的部分·最大偏差我,士2units所有阅读资料。
测控专业英文单词
electromoctive force
电动势
electron
电子
ensemble average
总体平均值
epoxy resin
环氧树脂
exponential function
指数函数
field-effect transistor (FET)
场效应管
forward bias
正向偏置
Fourier series
阳极
aperiodic signal
非周期信号
autocorrelation function
自相关函数
beam splitter
分光镜
bellow
波纹管
block diagram
方块图；框图
bourdon tube
波登管
capacitive transducers
电容式传感器
cathode
阴极
closed-loop control system
正态分布
open-loop control system
开环控制系统
opposite polarity
相反极性
optical encoder
光编码器
orthogonal function
正交函数
oscilloscope
示波器
parallel circuit
并联电路
passive component
无源器件
thermocouple
热电偶
time domain
时域
time-limited signal
时限信号
transducer
传感器，换能器
测控技术与仪器专业英语单词汇总
测控技术与仪器专业英语单词汇总第一单元Operational description 操作描述；Acquisition of information 信息采集；Object of measurement 测量目标；Measurand 被测物理量；Measurement result 测量结果；A necessary and not a sufficient aspect 一个必要而非充分的条件Selectivity 选择性；Objective 客观的Arbitrary 专横的，专断的，反复无常的；Highly subjective 高度主观的；Handicapped 残疾的Magnetic field 磁场Objectivity 客观性Artefact 人工品Misinterpret 曲解Measurement instrument's output 测量装着的输出；Structural information 公制信息Qualitative measurement 质量测量Quantitative measurement 数量测量Respective characteristic 各自的特性Empirical world 经验的世界Abstract image 抽象的映像Actual empirical quantity 实际经验的数量Mapping of element 元素的映射Source set 源集Empirical domain space 经验域空间Image set 映像集Abstract range space 抽象域空间Electrical domain 电气域Measurement process 测量过程Assignment algorithm 分配算法Abstract symbol 抽象符号Employed measurement system 被使用的测量系统Set theory 集合论Relational system 相关系统Gathered information 收集到的信息Theorem 定理；法则Valid representation 有确凿根据的陈述Hypothesis 假说；假设；学说Schematically 概要的Simplicity 简单的Monotonic function 单调函数Measurement constitute 测量组成Legal transformation 合法转换Congruent representation 适合的表述法第二单元Physical quantity 物理量Electrical potential difference 电势差Cardinal measurement 最重要的测量Jolt 重击，摇撼Mutual induction 互感Quotient 商数Thermostat 自动调温器Coil 线圈Alloy 合金Geometry 几何学，几何，几何图形，几何结构Coaxial 同轴的，同轴电缆的Cylinder 圆柱体，汽缸，圆柱形的容器Parasitic quantity 寄生量附属量Isolated measurement 隔离测量，独立测量Inanimate 死气沉沉的，没生命的，单调的Practicable 能实现的行得通的，可以实行的Conduct 引导，传到Consumer goods 消费商品Scarcity 缺乏，不足Extent 范围，程度Obscure 使暗，使不明显Corrupt 使恶化Sensitivity 敏感，灵敏，灵敏性Repetition 重复性Reproducible 能繁殖的，可再生的，可复写的Random errors 随机误差Ethical 与伦理有关的，民族的，民族特有的Modified variable 修改变量Irreversible process 不可改变的进程Psychological experiment 心里测试Catatonic state 紧张性神经病的状态Mental disorder 精神错乱Chronic schizophrenia 慢性精神分裂症Oscilloscope 示波器，示波管Rms 均方根Ferric 铁的，含铁的Chloride 氯化物漂白粉Significant digits 有效数字Rounding number 四舍五入的数Scientific way 科学方法Quantitative data 定量数据Categorize 分类Isolated value 分离量Empirical data 经验数据Raw or unprocessed data 原始数据、未经处理数据Processed data 已处理数据Theoretical calculations 理论计算Theoretical model 理论模型Mathematical computations 数学计算Meaningful manner 有意义的方式Data processing 数据处理Data reduction 数据简化Measurement instrument 测量工具Statistical processing 统计处理Experimental precision 精确实验Round-even 约偶、舍偶第三单元Measurement strategy 测量策略fluctuate 波动frequency spectrum 频谱coherent sampling 相干采样actual measurement signal 实际测量信号 skipped period 跳跃区间Reconstructed signal 重建的信号sampling oscilloscope 采样示波器arbitrary moment 任意时刻amplitude distribution function 振幅分布函数statistical parameter 统计参数Simultaneously 同时地sequentially 顺序地time multiplexing 时间多重操作Stroboscopic 频闪观测仪nonlinearity 非线性，非直线性systematic errors 系统误差random errors 随机误差inaccurate calibration 不准确的刻度mismatched impedance 不匹配的阻抗response-time error 反应时间误差oscillator 振荡器。
测控专业英语
UNIT1accomplishment n)成果；成就integrate (v.a)使...结合，综合circuit (n)电路circuitry (n)电路（总称）sophisticated (a)复杂的，尖端的equivalent (a)相等的，相同的transducer (n) 同义词传感器；换能器IC (integrated circuit)集成电路VLSI (very large scale integrated circiut)超大规模集成电路chip (n)芯片analog (n)模拟stopwatch 秒表biomedical 生物医学的linear 线性的nonlinear 非线性的instrumentation仪表检测oscilloscope 示波器microprocessor 微处理器bit; kilobit; megabit 位；千位；兆位to name just...这仅仅是......, to name the more prevalent...这些仅是较流行的功能take aback (astound)使...大吃一惊UNIT 2electromagnetic Indution电磁感应flux density 磁通密度q ___coulombs is inQ是库仑potential gradient电势梯度electromotive force (emf)电动势intensity 电流强度magnitude 大小，流量，幅度at right angles to与...垂直deficit 缺少，亏损weber 韦伯（磁通量）Eq. =equation等式systematic troubleshooting系统的检修malfunction故障UNIT 3 resistance电阻inductance电感capacitance电容resistor(resister)电阻inductor电感器capacitor电容器resistive电阻的inductive感应的capacitive电容性的terminal 终端insulating coating 绝缘外套energize 激励，通电coil 线圈magnetic flux磁通量reversing polarity极性逆转counter electromotive force (CEMF)反电动势inductive reactance感抗impedance阻抗insulator绝缘反义词conductor 导体dielectric 电介质farad; 法拉（电容单位）hertz; 赫兹henry; 亨charge；电荷charging;使充电discharging放电leak away 漏出，漏电promote 促进反义词block 阻塞transformer 变压器compress 压缩passive circuit components 无源电路元件AC; 交流电DC 直流电forward biased正向偏置reverse biased反向偏置solid arrow; 实心箭头dashed arrow虚线箭头UNIT4series Circuits串联电路pertain (v)附属，关于Pythagorean Theorem-based formula 基于勾股.. Phasor相量parenthesis括号triangle; triangulation三角形base; altitude; hypotenuse (n)低/高/斜边conversely (v)相反地resonance 共振phasoral layout 相量排列Had..., the voltage would lag, rather than lead.若..,电压将滞后而不是超前于电流UNIT5semiconductor Diode半导体二极管transistor 晶体管silicon (n) 硅crystalline晶体的impurity 杂质rectifier; rectification整流器/整流triac; diac三端双向晶体管/二端交流开关covalent bonding共价键junction结adjacent临近的diffuse传播equilibrium平衡，均衡...be on the order of ...相当于，近似于UNIT6Amplifier放大器Distinction区别，差别be regard as被视为load resistance 负载电阻substantially=essentially基本地/实质上inherently本质上/生来deduce=reach a conclusion推断transistor circuit晶体管电路precaution预防措施distortion 失真shunt 使...并联impractical不切实际的field-effect场效应UNIT7implement 执行，实现sensor 传感器measurand被测量vat 大桶= tubquantitative 数量的，定量的representative 代表性的，典型的condition 调整，调节categorize 分类transformation 转换photovoltaic 光伏的piezoelectric 压电的thermoelectric 热电的thermistor 热敏电阻RTD 电阻式温度检测器LVDT 线性差动变压器be not representative of…不能代表UNIT8geometric 几何的propagate 传播coordinate 坐标graduated 分度的theodolite 经纬仪bubble 气泡dexterity 灵巧，机敏blunder 大错，失误gross 显著的，严重的obviate 消除，排除conscientious 尽责的algebraic 代数的curvature 弯曲，曲率refraction 折光，折射trigonometric 三角法的calibration 标度unquantifiable 不可测量的UNIT 9solenoid 电磁线圈pneumatic 气动的hydraulic 液动的rinse 漂洗blower 鼓风机cereal 谷物的pellet 颗粒throttling 节流调节detrimental 不利的globe 球形pinch 收缩butterfly 蝶形的flange 法兰，凸缘thread 拧螺丝be prone to 倾向于UNIT10radix 基数predecessor前者contraction缩写saturated 饱和的energize 给通电cutoff 截止的de-energized 失电的UNIT11block 积木integration 集成电路CPU 中央处理单元MSI 中等规模集成电路ALU 算术/逻辑单元tailor 制作decoder 解码器synchronization 同步bus 总线pin 管脚multiplex 多路传输assorted 已分类的processor-on-a-chip 单片处理器UNIT12potentiometer 电位计digitize 将….数字化predefine预定义quantize 量化increment 增加acquisition 获取，采集imperfect 半完成的，减弱的UNIT13element 元件manipulate操纵ambient 周围的，环境的trace 示踪excursion 偏差adversely 相反地intervention 介入consistently 协调地UNIT14sinusoidal 正弦的abscissa 横坐标ramp 斜坡parabolic 抛物线的infer 推断fall into 自然的分作from this standpoint the system time-domain analysis is well justified.从这个观点看，对系统进行时域分析是很合理的。
测控专业英语翻译
测控专业英语翻译Unit 1 Measurement, Control and InstrumentationInstrumentation is defined as the art and science of measurement and control. Instrumentation engineers are responsible for controlling a whole system like a power plant.译为：仪器可定义为测量和控制的艺术和科学。
仪器工程师负责控制整个系统，比如一个电厂。
An instrument is a device that measures and/or regulates process variables such as flow, temperature, level, or pressure. Instruments include many varied contrivances that can be as simple as valves and transmitters, and as complex as analyzers.译为：仪器是一种用来测量和/或调节过程变量（如流量、温度、液位或压力）的装置。
仪器包括许多不同的设备，可以像阀和变送器那样简单，也可以像分析仪那样复杂。
Instruments often comprise control systems of varied processes such as refineries, factories, and vehicles. The control of processes is one of the main branches of applied instrumentation. Instrumentation can also refer to handheld devices that measure some desired variable. Diverse handheld instrumentation is common in laboratories, but can be found in the household as well. For example, a smoke detector is a common instrument found in most western homes.译为：仪器通常由如精炼厂、工厂和车辆这些不同流程的控制系统组成。
测控技术与仪器专业英语unit-6
Unit 6 Signal Conditioning
译为：设计信号发生器和调制回路时一定要警惕以保证 传感器是系统中准确度最低的部件，如果周围回路有附加 噪声或降低了准确度，传感器输出的准确度将受影响。
Unit 6 Signal Conditioning
The following are some of the tasks performed by a signal conditioner: 以下是一个信号调制器执行的操作： （1）Isolation and impedance conversion;隔离和阻抗变换 （2）Amplification and analog-to-analog conversion; 放大和模-模转换 （3）Noise reduction (filtering); 降噪（滤波） （4）Linearization; 线性化 （5）Data sampling; 数据采样 （6）Digital-to-Analog conversion; 数-模转换 （7）Analog-to-Digital conversion. 模-数转换
Voltage output
Unit 6 Signal Conditioning
Three types of input topologies exist for the signal conditioning of voltage output sensors: differential, single-ended and pseudo-differential. The type of signal conditioning input is typically matched to the output structure and precision requirements of the sensor .
测控技术与仪器专业英语单词
Accuracy 精确，精度Deflection 偏移Monolithic 单片电路Amplitude 振幅，幅度Deformation 变形Monopolize 独占，垄断Aperiodic 非周期的Diaphragm 薄膜，振动膜Motherboard 母板Approach 近似，接近Dissipation 消耗Optoisolator 光绝缘体Approximation 近似值Distinct 不同Parametric 参量的Arbitrary 任意的Distortion 变形，扭曲Proprietary 所有的，所有权Channel 信道，频道Dope 掺杂Protocol协议Coefficient 系数Electromagnetic 电磁的Retrieval 检索，巡检Convergence 收敛Enamel 搪塞Scale 刻度Conversely 相反的Encapsulation 密封，封装Simulate 模仿Coordinate 坐标Enclose 包装，封入Simultaneously 同时的Criterion 标准，规范Epoxy 环氧的Slot 长槽Deteriorate 恶化，退化Epoxy resin 环氧树脂Succeeding 以后的，随后的Differentiate 求。
的微分Etch 蚀刻，酸洗Supplier 供应商Dimension 维数Fidelity 保真Terminal 终端Discontinuity 心电图Filament 丝，细丝线Uniformly 均匀地Even 偶数的Flame-failure 火焰，故障V erbatim 逐字的Expansion 展开式Flapper 蛇阀Workbench 工作台Foregoing 前述的Foil 箔，薄片Active element 有源元件Geometrical 几何学的Former 框架Air-evacuated 抽成真空的Hal f-wave symmetry 半波对称Friction 摩擦Amplifier 放大器Harmonical 谐波的Gauge 表，仪器Anode 阳极Identity 恒等式Harmonics 谐波Attributable 可归因于Instant 瞬间Illumination 照度Bias 偏压，偏置Integrand 被积函数Inductance 电感，感应Capacitor 电容器Integrate 求。
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P1U1A Electrical Networks 电路network n. 网络，电路resistor n. 电阻器inductor n. 电感器capacitor n. 电容器passive network 无源网络active network 有源网络characteristic adj. 特性(的)；n. 特性曲线Ohm n. 欧姆Faraday n. 法拉第electric charge 电荷integral n. 积分increment n. 增量armature n. 电枢，衔铁，加固aforementioned adj. 上述的，前面提到的represent v. 代表，表示，阐明amplify v. 放大symbolic adj. 符号的，记号的mesh n. 网孔Kirchhoff’s first law 基尔霍夫第一定律loop current 回路电流voltage drop 电压降in series 串联differential adj. 微分的；n. 微分variable n. 变量outline n. 轮廓；v. 提出……的要点eliminate v. 消除，对消[1] In the case of a resistor, the voltage-current relationship is given by Ohm’s law, which states that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance.就电阻来说，电压—电流的关系由欧姆定律决定。
欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。
Which做关系代词，以引出非限制性定语从句。
[2]It may be that the inductor voltage rather than the current is the variable of interest in the circuit.或许在电路中，人们感兴趣的变量是电感电压而不是电感电流。
P1U2A The Operational Amplifier 运算放大器amplifier n. 放大器integrated circuit 集成电路building blocks 积木potential n. (电)势cascade n., v. 串联；adj. 串联的on the order of 属于同类的，约为trade off 换取cumbersome adj. 麻烦的intrinsic adj. 内在的circuitry n. 电路[1] One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains, AU or AI, depend upon internal properties of the two-port system.对应于像广义放大器这样的电子装置，一个问题就是增益AU 或者AI ，它们取决于两输入端系统的内部特性。
[2] This is one of the key features of Op-Amp design—the action of the circuit on signals depends only upon the external elements which can be easily varied by the designer and which do not depend upon the detailed character of the Op-Amp itself.这是运算放大器设计的重要特征之一——在信号作用下，电路的动作仅取决于能够容易被设计者改变的外部元件，而不取决于运算放大器本身的细节特性。
P1U3A Logical Variables and Flip-flop 逻辑变量与触发器flip-flop n. 触发器relevance n. 关联terminology n. 术语aptness n. 恰当pilot n. 飞行员aloft adv. 高高地cockpit n. 坐舱deduce v. 演绎simultaneously adv. 同时地Boolean algebra 布尔代数gate n. 门，门电路prevalent adj. 流行的inhibit v. 抑制难句翻译[1] We shall now briefly discuss the relevance of suchterminology, and in so doing we shall bring out thespecial aptness of the designations “true” and “false” toidentify the possible values of a variable.现在我们将简要地讨论一下这些术语之间的关联，并在此过程中阐明用标示“真”和“假”来识别一个变量的可能值的特殊用途。
[2] Just as other algebras deal with variables which have a numerical significance, Boolean algebra deals with propositions and is an effective tool for analyzing the relationships between propositions which allow only two mutually exclusive alternatives.和其他处理有数字意义的变量的代数一样，布尔代数处理的是命题，而且布尔代数对于分析仅有两个互反变量命题之间的关系是一种有效的工具。
[3] There is a generally prevailing attitude in digital systems to view logic 0 as a basic, undisturbed, unperturbed, quiescent state and to view the logic 1 state as the excited, active, effective state, i.e., the state arrived at “after something has happened.”在数字系统中，普遍的观点是把逻辑0看成一个基本的、无干扰的、稳定的、静止的状态，把逻辑1看成一个激励的、活跃的、有效的状态，也就是说，这种状态是发生在“某种操作动作之后”。
P1U4A Power Semiconductor Devices 功率半导体器件converter n. 转换器，换流器，变流器matrix n. 模型，矩阵diode n. 二极管，半导体二极管thyristor n. 晶闸管triac n. 三端双向晶闸管GTO 门极可关断晶闸管BJT 双极结型晶体管power MOSFET 电力MOS场效应晶体管SIT 静态感应晶体管IGBT 绝缘栅双极型晶体管MCT MOS控制晶闸管IGCT 集成门极换向晶闸管rectification n. 整流feedback n. 反馈freewheeling n. 单向传动snubber n. 缓冲器，减震器intrinsic adj. 固有的，体内的，本征forward biased 正向偏置conduction n. 导电，传导emitter n. 发射极reverse biased 反向偏置leakage current 漏电流threshold n. 门限，阈限，极限breakdown n. 击穿，雪崩recovery n. 恢复schottky diode 肖基特二极管workhorse n. 重载，重负荷thyratron n. 闸流管breakover n. 导通latching current 闭锁电流holding current 保持电流phase controlled 相控的asymmetric adj. 不对称的force commutated 强制换向SMPS 开关电源BLDM 无刷直流电动机stepper motor 步进电动机hybrid n. 混合saturation n. 饱和难句翻译:[1] Power diodes provide uncontrolled rectification of power and are used in applications such as electroplating, anodizing, battery charging, welding, power supplies (DCand AC), and variable-frequency drives.电力二极管提供不可控的整流电源，这些电源有很广的应用，如：电镀、电极氧化、电池充电、焊接、交直流电源和变频驱动。
[2] A gate turn-off thyristor (GTO), as the name indicates, is basically a thyristor-type device that can be turned on by a small positive gate current pulse, but in addition，has the capability of being turned off by a negative gate current pulse．门极可关断晶闸管，顾名思义，是一种晶闸管类型的器件。
同其他晶闸管一样，它可以由一个小的正门极电流脉冲触发，但除此之外，它还能被负门极电流脉冲关断。
[3] Such a gate current pulse of very short duration and very large di/dt has small energy content and can be supplied by multiple MOSFETs in parallel with ultra-low leakage inductance in the drive circuit.这样一个持续时间非常短、di/dt非常大、能量又较小的门极电流脉冲可以由多个并联的MOSFET来提供，并且驱动电路中的漏感要特别低。