高考英语阅读系列训练 归纳概括主题

Reading Training Course 1

归纳概括主题( Title and Main Idea )

归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解, 总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。

要做好这类题考生必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木, 更看到森林；要跳出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。

找出主题句(topic sentence) 是一个有用的方法。

中心意思(main idea)通常是一个完整的句子，它应能全面准确地概括文章的中心主旨；最佳题目(the best title)可以是一个短语词组，它除能概括文章的中心主旨外，还有吸引读者，引发阅读兴趣的任务。

除常见的提问以外，这种题型的提问方式还有：

The main point of the passage is ...

The passage deals mainly with ...

The passage is about ...

What does the passage mainly discuss?

What is the author's main purpose ?

Paragraph 1

Wouldn't it be terrible if, we didn't have grass? We would have to walk on bare soil. Can you guess what our playgrounds would look like? On a rainy day we would get all muddy. On a dry day we would breathe clouds of dust.

1. The story mainly tells _________.

A. why we need rain

B. how grass is kept green

C. how grass helps us

D. without grass we would have to walk on bare soil

Paragraph 2

Rats are still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago. They still spread disease and eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats. They eat half of the grain harvested in the world.

2. From the passage we know _________.

A. why rats are an enemy of people

B. how rats destroy our food

C. why rats cause disease

D. why rats were dangerous to people long ago

Paragraph 3

Some supermarkets have a special way of getting people to come to the bakery counters. Sometimes they spray a "cake smell" into the air. At other times they spray the fresh smell of baking bread. These smells are enough to make people' s mouths water. The customers then race madly to the counter to buy cake, bread, rolls , and other baked goods!

3. The main idea of the paragraph is __________.

A. what cake smells like

B. why bakeries make money

C. how people are attracted to bakery counters

D. what bakery counters in supermarkets sell

Paragraph 4

The Manhattan (New York City) telephone book is one of the largest of its kind in the nation. About 1,500, 000 copies of this book are printed each -year. To make the paper of the books, 43, 000 trees are cut down. There are twenty-six columns of Smiths and twenty-three of Browns. If all the copies of this book were stacked on top of each other, they would make a pile forty miles high.

4. The subject of the paragraph is _________.

A. what the Manhattan phone book is like

B. where the Manhattan book is printed

C. how many telephones are there in New York

D. who printed the first phone book

Paragraph 5

The word Waterloo has become a synonym for defeat-total defeat and complete disaster. Waterloo, a town in Belgium, was the scene of a battle in 1851 that brought overwhelming defeat to Napoleon Bonaparte ' s French Army. At stake were the whole continent of Europe and Napoleon' s dream of an empire. In a few days over forty thousand French soldiers died. With their deaths a new word for disaster was born — Waterloo.

5. The subject of the paragraph is __________.

A. where Waterloo is

B. who named Waterloo

C. why Napoleon and the French Army were defeated at Waterloo

D. how the word Waterloo came to mean defeat

Correct answers:

1---5 CACAD

Paragraph 1

What are the tallest plants in the world? Many people would say that giant redwood trees of California. Actually, the tallest plants are in the oceans. These are seaweeds that grow almost seven hundred feet tall. Compared to this height, the giant redwoods are pygmies of only four hundred feet. To get some idea of these heights, consider the Statue of Liberty. This huge figure rises only three hundred feet.

1. The passage can be entitled __________.

A. Redwoods in California

B. The Statue of Liberty

C. Seaweed

D. The Tallest Plants

Paragraph 2

We think of a flood or an earthquake as a natural disaster. To many of nature' s animals,