行为动词,情态动词,连系动词,助动词

什么是行为动词,情态动词,连系动词,助动词?

一.按照作用和用途,英语动词可分为三类：行为动词、be动词、助动词.

行为动词表示动作,be动词表示状态,助动词没有实际词意,只起语法作用.

e.g.I went there yesterday.(went表示“去”这个动作,因此为行为动词)

I am a student.(be动词“am”表示状态,强调我的学生身份)

I did not help him.(did 在这里没有实际词意,只不过为了否定句子必须借用它,因此它是助动词)

简而言之,行为动词就是表示动作的动词.它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种. 二．情态动词的语法特征

1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生.

2）情态动词除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式.

3）情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s.

4）情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词等形式.

三.连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语. 表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样.

连系动词的类型有：

1."存在"类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调"存在".常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等.例如: The story sounds true.

Those oranges taste good.

2."持续"类:表示某种情况或状态的持续.这类连系动词强调"持续".常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等.例如:

Why don't you put the meat in the fridge?It will stay fresh for several days.

It's already ten in the morning.The store remains closed.What's the matter?

3."变化"类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态.这类连系动词强调"变化"后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成),turn(变成),grow(变得),go(变得)等.例如:

Put the fish in the fridge,or it will go bad in hot weather.注意事项

1.有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中.如:feel,taste等词.例如: -Do you like the material?

-Yes,it feels very soft.

2.一般情况下,连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语.例如:

Be careful when you cross this very busy street.If not,you may get run over by a car.

3.能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有:be,become,appear,seem,prove,remain 和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时,不加冠词.例如: Twenty years later,he turned teacher.

The population growth in China remains a problem.

4.连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常见的

有:appear,seem,remain,prove,look等.例如:

Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.

On the long journey,Peter proved to be a most interesting guide.We all had a wonderful time

三、助动词

（1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词.被协助的动词称作主要动词. 助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如：

He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语.

（doesn't是助动词,无词义；like是主要动词,有词义)

2）助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来：

a.表示时态,例如：

He is singing.他在唱歌.

He has got married.他已结婚.

b.表示语态,例如：

He was sent to England.他被派往英国.

c.构成疑问句,例如：

Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗?

Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?

d.与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如：

I don't like him.我不喜欢他.

e.加强语气,例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会.

He did know that.他的确知道那件事.

3）最常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would