当代研究生英语听力原文(上)
研究生英语听力第一章课本原文
TypescriptChapter 1 Learning to Listen1. Using What You Already KnowExercise 1Student: Excuse me.Counselor: Yes?Student: Do I need to make an appointment to register for an ESL class? Counselor: No, but you first have to take a placement test.Student: A test?Counselor: We need to find out what your ESL level is.Student: Oh, Okay. Where do I go to take the test?Counselor: We will be giving the test tomorrow at 3 o’clock in room 303. Can you come then?Student: Yes.Counselor: Good. Now, let me give you some forms to fill out so we can begin the registration process. Please write your name and address here, and your ID number here.Student: Okay. What do I write under teacher and section? Counselor: You can leave those blank. We’ll fill it in to morrow. Exercise 2Student A: I didn’t really understand what Ms. Smith was saying aboutthe id, the superego and the ego.Student B: Oh, that’s easy. Look here on page 53. The id is the part of our personality that wants instant gratification. The ego tries to help the id get what it wants, but in a logical and practical way. The superego is like the personality’s police force. It monitors the id and the ego.Student A: Oh, I think I’m getting it. You mean the id, ego and superego are all part of our personality?Student B: Right. They are all interacting.Student A: Do you think we’ll need to give definitions?Student B: I don’t know. We may just have to match the names with the definitions. But we’d better study this some more just to be safe.2. Scanning for the Main IdeaExercise：A: I can’t believe it’s closed. I’ve got a class from 7 o’clock to 10 o’clock. What am I going to do?B: Well, there are some food machines in the Student Union. You could always go there.A: No way! I tried that once last semester and I got as sick as a dog. There’s got to be something better.B: Well, we can go down to Main Street. There are a couple of places that I’m sure are open.A: We’d never make it back in time. It’s already 6:40. I think I’ll pass out if I don’t get something. I came here right from work. I didn’t have time to stop by my apartment.B: I think there’s a stand in front of Smith Hall. You can at least get something warm there.A: Well, I guess we don’t have any other choice.B: Yeah, it’s either the cante en or three hours of listening to your stomach growl.3. Scanning for the Important PointsExercise：●Teacher: Good evening class. Before we begin tonight’s lesson. I wantto remind you about next Thursday’s midterm. Remember to review chapters one through eight in the book. You will be responsible for knowing all of the information in the chapters plus all of the other topics we have discussed in class. This test will include multiple choice, True/False, and essay questions. You will not be able to use any books, notes or dictionaries.●Now, last week, I spoke about the importance of using note cards andvisual aids to prepare your speeches. Tonight I’m going to talk about specific things that will help you with your speech delivery. Pleasetake careful notes so you can use those techniques to improve your speech delivery.The first and perhaps the most important element of good speech delivery is eye contact. It is extremely important, especially in the English-speaking world, to make eye contact with your entire audience. This may be very difficult for you if you come from a culture where making direct eye contact is a sign of disrespect. But, you really need to practice this skill until you are comfortable looking directly at all of your audience members when you are speaking to them. Please note that you need to look at the entire audience. Please don’t direct your attention to just one person or one side of the room, and really be sure not to stare into the eyes of anyone for too long of a period.Next, you need to make sure that when you talk to your audience, you are enthusiastic about your topic and excited to share it with your audience. Vitality is a way of maintaining the audience’s attention and indicating to them that you firmly believe in what you are saying.V olume, intonation, facial expressions, and gestures all add to the vitality of your speech. Think abut a speaker you really liked. Did he or she just stand there and read words from a piece of paper? No, of course not. Probably the speaker was full of life and his or her energy forced you into becoming involved in caring about the topic of the speech.4. Inferencing (Making Intelligent Guesses)Exercise:Dr. Stevens: Ted, can I speak to you a minute?Ted: Yes, Doctor Stevens?Dr. Stevens: I finished reading your essay and before I return it to you, I was hoping you might be able to come in and speak with me about it. Ted: Oh, uh, okay, sure.Dr. Stevens: Can you come during my office hours?Ted: I think so. When are they again?Dr. Stevens: Tue sdays and Thursdays from 3 o’clock until 4:30.Ted: That’s no problem. Oh, wait a minute, I have football practice every day from 2 o’clock until 5 o’clock.Dr. Stevens: Hmm. Well, how about if we get together tomorrow right before class?Ted: Sure.5. Scanning for Specific Pieces of InformationExercise:You have reached the Student Union Activity Hotline. The following is a list of information and events for Thursday, September 18.The Student Union is open from 7:00 a.m. until 11:30 p.m. The cafeteria will be serving breakfast from 7 o’clock until 8:30, lunch from 11 o’clockuntil 1 o’clock, and dinner from 5 o’clock until 7 o’clock, The snack bar will be open from 9:00 a.m.—8:00 p.m.Assembly member Carole Berg will be speaking on the topic: “Parity pa y for Women: It’s Still Not Here.” Assembly woman Berg will speak in the Oak Room from 9 o’clock. Admission is free, and a question/answer period will follow.The Student Council will meet in room 27 from noon until 1:30. Elections will be held for all major offices. All students are welcome. The campus folk dance club meets in the Green Room from 2 o’clock until 5 o’clock today. All are welcome to attend; dance experience is not necessary.Bette Milder will be performing live in the Campus Corner Cabaret. The show begins at 8 o’clock. Tickets are available at the Ticket Office. All seats are $7.00.Tonight’s movie, the experimental “Dial Tones,” will be shown in the Union theater at 7:00 and 9:00 p.m. Tickets for both shows are $5.00 and are available at the ticket office.If you have missed anything on this recording, please press the pound key for the message to repeat. Thank you for calling the Student Union.6. Using Context CluesExercise 1A: Let’s exchange phone numbers. That way, if one of us is abs ent, we can call each other for the homework assignments.B: That’s a great idea. My number is 555---A: Wait a second, this pen just died. Let me get another one.B: Here, take my pencilA: Thanks. Okay, what was it?Exercise 21. Sentence: H e’s a real st ickler.A: Who’s your history professor?B: I’m in Dr. Leydorf’s class.A: Oh, How is he?B: The class is interesting and I really like him, but he’s a real stickler. If you’re more than fifteen minutes late, he marks you absent, and you have to hand in every assignment on time or he lowers your grade.A: Ooh! He sounds really tough.2. Sentence: you could have knocked me over with a feather!A: How did you do on your composition?B: Oh, you won’t believe it. I hadn’t worked on it very long and I didn’t have time to check it over. When the teacher returned it to me with an “A” on it, you could have knocked me over with a feather!A: Wow. That’s great. You must be really smart.B: Or else just lucky.3. Sentence: I’ve got to cram for a test.A: Let’s go to a movie tonight.B: Sorry, I’ve got to cram for a test tonight. I haven’t had a chance to study before now.A: Well, how about going to the late show?B: No, I’m going to need a good night’s sleep. I want to make sure that I’m ready for the test.4. Sentence: Let’s get cracking.A: All right. We promised each other we’d get this report done today. Let’s get cracking.B: Aw, it’s such a beautiful day. Can’t we go for a walk and do this later? A: No, we’ll need to return these books to the library by five o’clo ck. We really have to do this now.5. Sentence: Fat chance.A: Gee. It’s already a quarter after ten. Maybe Ms. Hughes is absent today.B: Fat chance. She’s never been absent a day in her life. I was in her class last year and she even came in when she had the flu.A: Well I guess she really loves teaching. Oh, here she comes now.7. Using Structure and Intonation CluesUsing StructureExercise 11. I’m taking Biology 101 this semester.2. I’m going to the Student Union at 7:00.3. We’re discussing parapsy chological phenomena.4. We are you returning to the computer lab?5. We’re meeting with Dr. Stevens at the end of the lesson.Exercise 21.I am transcribing my sociology notes.2.John is defending his dissertation on Tuesday.3.We are forming a study group on the first day of class.4.I’m applying for financial aid to help pay my tuition and expenses.5.Ms. Wilson is correcting our essays over the weekend.Exercise 31.The professor is coming.2.The professor is coming in a little while.3.The Shakespeare Theater Group is performing Romeo and Juliet onthe 17th.4.The Shakespeare Theater Group is performing Romeo and Juliet.5.The campus bookstore is having a big sale on all college sweatshirts.6.The campus bookstore is having a big sale on all college sweatshirtsduring Spring Break.Using Intonation CluesExercise1.I really wanted the new David Sedaris book. The professor in mycontemporary lit class praised it all last semester. The bookstore hasn’t been able to get a single copy for the last month. Oh, well. Maybe I can find a copy on .2.I used the new computer registration system to charge my tuition onmy credit card, and they totally messed it up. They were supposed to charge me $500 for the two art classes, and instead, it says that I’m enrolled in three history classes to the tune of $900. This is ridiculous!3.Today is my graduation day. I am done! Now, I can finally spend myweekends doing something other than cramming for exams and writing term papers. Yippee!4.This schedule is baffling. It says that English 90 is offered at both themidtown and downtown campuses, but the times are vague. Look here;does this nine mean AM or PM? Hmm, I’m stumped.5.Oh yeah. I absolutely recommend professor Ponz. She’s a real dilly, letme tell you. If you enjoy writing endless term papers on meaningless subjects, participating in class activities that have zero relevance to the topic of the course, she’s the teacher for you!。
(完整word版)新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说学生用书听力原文上
LESSON ONEMusic1。
M: By the way，Jane, did you talk to the consultant顾问about our new health program?W：I contacted联系his office but his secretary said he would （be out for）试图得到lunch until two。
Q：What does the woman mean？2. W: We need to let everyone know about the charity［ˈtʃæriti］n. 慈爱concert，but we don’t have much money for advertising.M: How about using the school radio station? They broadcast free public service服务announcements。
通告Q：What does the man suggest they do?3. W：I don’t understand why this self-study自学book doesn't have answers to the questions。
M: But it does。
You can find them at the back of the book。
Q：What does the man say about the self-study book？4。
M：The new sales manager says he has never met you before。
W：We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful.Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager?5。
研究生英语听力原文
Tear them away Hold on There will be tomorrow In time you'll find the way
(Repeat the part marked with "*".) That a hero lies in you That a hero lies in you 2， 有一个英雄 如果你看看你的内心 你不必害怕 你是什么 有一个答案 如果你伸手进入你的灵魂 还有你知道的悲伤 会融化掉
He doesn't hesitate to tell of his 12 years in the Navy, but he doesn't talk much about his navy boxing career. He had 28 wins and no losses.
Rodger is also modest about his heroic life-saving deed. The two lives Rodger saved belong to Robert and Betty Byington.
"And I said 'Good Lord, we can't hit those cars.' What a mess, we'd kill people," Robert says. "So we went up on the sidewalk and I remember little pines being there."
"Robert is a patient," Betty says. "Every day is most precious and requires a lot of caretaking, and that is what I do—around the clock."
(完整word版)新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说学生用书听力原文及答案上
新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说（上)听力原文LESSON 1Music1。
M: By the way, Jane，did you talk to the consultant顾问about our new health program?W：I contacted联系his office but his secretary said he would （be out for）试图得到lunch until two.Q: What does the woman mean？B. she couldn’t talk to the consultant before two2。
W：We need to let everyone know about the charity ［ˈtʃæriti］n。
慈爱concert, but we don't have much money for advertising.M: How about using the school radio station? They broadcast free public service服务announcements. 通告Q：What does the man suggest they do？c. Ask the school radio station for help 3。
W：I don’t understand why this self-study自学book doesn’t have answers to the questions.M: But it does。
You can find them at the back of the book.Q: What does the man say about the self-study book？d. the book does include the answer 4。
研究生英语听力原文
Unit4Listen1-1Steve is very short and rather fat.He likes to wear bright-colored casual clothes. Last week,he bought a red shirt and an expensive pair of shiny leather shoes.Every week Steve spends his paycheck before he gets another one.Steve enjoys being with people. He's extremely cheerful all the time and likes to tell jokes.People laugh at his jokes,but he laughs even louder.He loves to go to parties.He eats and drinks a lot and is always surrounded by people.He likes to dance and to listen to loud music.At every party he sings all his favorite songs at the top of his voice and dances with all the girls in the room. He's the last one to leave a party.Steve is a typical extrovert.史蒂夫很矮，而且很胖。
他喜欢穿鲜艳的休闲装。
上周，他买了一件红衬衫和一双昂贵的皮鞋。
史蒂夫每周都要花在薪水上。
史蒂夫喜欢和人在一起。
他总是非常开朗，喜欢讲笑话。
人们嘲笑他的笑话，但他笑得更大声。
他喜欢参加聚会。
他吃喝很多，总是被人包围。
大连海事大学新时代研究生综合英语教程听力原文unit1-7
Unit One Life of AspirationPart OneWarm-up ListeningChoose OptimismIf you expect something to turn out badly, it probably will. Pessimism is seldom disappointed. But the same principle also works in reverse. If you expect good things to happen, they usually do! There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success. Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want to shape our outlook and our expectations. There is enough good and bad in everyone‟s life—ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain—to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. We can choose to laugh or cry, bless or curse, and it‟s our decision.I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative. I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature. Sure, I know that sorrow exists. I am in my 70s now, and I‟ve lived through more than one crisis. But when all is said and done, I find that the good in life far outweighs the bad.An optimi stic attitude is not a luxury; it‟s a necessity. The way you look at life will determine how you feel, how you perform, and how well you will get along with other people. Conversely, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Pessimism creates a dismal place where no one wants to live.Optimism doesn‟t need to be naive. We can be an optimist and still recognize that problems exist and that some of them are not dealt with easily. But what a difference optimism makes is the attitude of the problem solver! When you‟re an optimist, you‟re more concerned with problem-solving than with useless carping about issues. It‟s your choice.Part TwoFocus-ListeningA Great Communicator in All CircumstancesMany American presidents have made an impact on our country as great communicators. John F. Kennedy, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln come to mind as outstanding examples. But only one president in our lifetime was called the Great Communicator, and that was Ronald Reagan.Flashes of Reagan‟s talent for communication revealed themselves early in his career. He started out in radio. In his early twenties, Reagan quickly became one of the best-known announcers in the Midwest. Throughout his career, Reagan displayed an uncommon ability to connect and communicate with people. Nowhere was that more evident than during his time leading up to and in the White House. While announcing his run for the presidency in 1980, he cast the vision for his campaign clearly and simply, saying, “At the heart of our message should be five simple familiar words. No big economic theories. No sermons on political philosophy. Just five short words: family, work, neighborhood, freedom, peace.”During his campaign, Reagan successfully debated incumbent Jimmy Carter. The former California governor came across as a relaxed, likable, competent middle American. He won easily. Afterward when asked if he had been nervous debating the president, Reagan answered, “No, not at all. I‟ve been on the same stage with John Wayne.”Whether he was speaking to a group, looking into a camera, or connecting with someone one-on-one, Reagan was able to communicate with maximum effectiveness. Even when he was being wheeled into the operating room, his goal was to put others at ease. His comment to the surgeons was, “Please assure me that you are all Republicans.”Reagan was a good executive because he possessed a clear vision, made decisions easily, and delegated very effectively. But he was a great leader because of his uncanny ability to communicate. When it came to leading the country, people knew who he was, where he stood, and what he wanted, and they couldn‟t wait to get on board with him. Communication made him the kind of leader that people wanted to follow. (Words: 337)Part ThreeHome ListeningDream vs. GoalWe all want to believe that we are capable of great feats, of reaching our fullest potential. We need dreams. They give us a vision of a better future. They nourish our spirit; they represent possibility even when we are dragged down by reality. They keep us going. Most successful people are dreamers, ordinary people who are not afraid to think big and dare to be great. Dreamers are not content with being merely mediocre, because no one ever dreams of going halfway.In order to make real steps toward fulfilling our ultimate, big, splashy dreams, we have to start with concrete objectives. These are our goals.Dreams are where we want to end up. Goals are how we get there. Dreams are our visions of where we are after our struggle, the prize at the end of the journey. Goals are the individual steps we take to ultimately deserve the prize.Our dreams are our master plan. Goals are our day-by-day blueprints that provide achievable targets for incremental improvement, but dreams and goals are interrelated. Goals provide our daily routine. They show us where to start and they establish our priorities. They make us organized and create the discipline in our lives. Getting yourself to establish your goals is paramount, one of the key building blocks in achieving success.Let‟s say you‟re trying to climb the corporate ladder in a large company, and you are not optimistic about your chances because there seems to be too many people competing for too few jobs at the top. Your dreams are that promotion. What you have to do is to break down the dream into components you can work on individually and then make a list. After studying the “dream” position, you determine that what they‟re looking for is a hardworking, driven person who can manage a team well and improve productivity. Perfecting each of these characteristics then becomes goals you can shoot for.The first thing you do is show your boss that you are eager to work hard, begin to seek out more long-term projects to show you can maintain a certain energy level over a period of time. Then you have to show our boss that you‟re a team player, that you take the time to pitch in for th e group and that you‟re the kind of person who makes the people around you perform better.The point is that you must establish specific goals and clearly define them. Goals are not merely fuzzy wishes, or hastily made New Year‟s resolutions. They are t angible action items to be written down and followed. ( Words: 434)Unit Two EducationPart OneWarm-up ListeningComing to America as a FulbrighterThe Fulbright program gives an American a chance to study, teach or do research in other countries. And it gives people in other countries a chance to do the same in America. Fulbright grants are given to graduate students, scholars and professionals. There is also a Fulbright exchange program just for teachers and administrators.Each year, about 6000 people receive Fulbright grants. The United States pays most of the costs. Foreign governments and schools help by sharing costs and providing other support.The Fulbright program operates in about 150 countries. Around 270,000 Fulbrighters have taken part over the years.Legislation by Senator William Fulbright established the program in 1946. He saw educational exchange as a way to help people understand other ideas and ways of life. Senator Fulbright also believed the program could educate future world leader.In 1968, the Foreign Language Teaching Assistant Program began. This Fulbright program brings foreign teachers to the United States to work with high school or college students. Two other Fulbright programs that offer ways to come to the United States are the foreign student and visiting scholar programs. The Foreign Student Program brings graduate students to study and do research at a college or university. The Visiting Scholar Program brings foreign experts to speak and do research for up to a year.The list of countries in the Fulbright program changes each year. And the requirements may differ from country to country. (Words: 238)Part TwoFocus ListeningDeveloping CreativityOne of the most exciting findings about creativity is that it may be picked up at almost any stage of the life cycle and developed. Many programs that work with elderly or retired people have known this for a long time. Researchers are continually trying to understand what creativity is and how it can be nurtured throughout childhood and adulthood. It is thought that developmental characteristics of creative aspects vary to the extreme; some things may show up early, other aspects later on in life. Creative behaviors such as curiosity may actually be evident early during infancy and increase during the “magic years” of early childhood. Unfortunately, during middle and late childhood there may be a decrease in creativity as children become more conforming and inhibited as well as liable to fall into sex-role stereotypes. With care, creativity can be sustained throughout childhood and adulthood. Following are highlights of several characteristics of creative people and suggested ways to develop creativity.Characteristics that signal creativity include intense absorption, curiosity, ability to put together seemingly unrelated things or ideas, sense of humor, unusual vocabulary, eagerness to share new discoveries, spontaneity, and willingness to consider new ideas.Creative people are often either interested in ongoing experiments and need time to pursue ideas in depth, or they may jump from idea to idea very quickly. They may show fluency and flexibilityin their thinking. They may ask surprising questions. They may be more independent than others in their approach to doing things. They get excited about new solutions and ideas. Creative people need time to entertain ideas, prepare materials, and let their ideas simmer for a while. They need privacy and tolerance for ambiguity. They need to be allowed to try things out in different ways until they are satisfied with their own work. They also need to be able to select and discard efforts of their choosing—pressure to produce may stifle their creative efforts. Creativity thrives in an environment that allows questions, exploring, observing, skill-building, communicating, and self-expression. To develop creativity, the home or classroom environment should contain a variety of materials and encourage lots of different experiences.Developing a childhood interest—being “in love” with something and sticking with it for some time—is related significantly to adult creative achievement. Building anticipation before a trip or lesson, digging deeply into material during the lesson, and keeping the ideas alive for some time after the lesson are also ways to keep the creative processes going. Children and adults need to be introduced to examples of creative excellence. Their own work should be recognized and truly appreciated. If possible, creative efforts should be put to work and not simply acknowledged and then shelved.Adults who experience creativity programs tend to experience dramatic improvements in the quality of their lives. Self-expression, the zest of discovery, the pleasure of creating something, and freedom to try new things are all aspects of the creative process. Children can be encouraged to grow creatively, and this does not interfere with other kinds of educational achievement. We can all grow with the further development of creativity. (Words: 521)Part ThreeHome ListeningThe University of the FutureThe American research university is a remarkable institution, long a source of admiration and wonder. The wooded campuses, the diversity and energy of the student populations, and, most of all, the sheer volume of public and private resources available to run them, have made them the envy of the world.Seen from the inside, however, everything is not quite so encouraging. Setting aside the habitual complexity of medical schools, which have separate healthcare and finance issues, the structure of these institutions is straightforward and consistent. The bedrock of each university is a system of discipline-specific departments. The strength of these departments determines the success and prestige of the institution as a whole.This structure raises a few obvious questions. One is the relevance of the department-based structure to the way scientific research is done. Many argue that in a host of areas—ranging from computational biology and materials science to pharmacology and climate science—much of the most important research is now interdisciplinary in nature. And there is a sense that, notwithstanding years of efforts to adapt to this change by encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration, the department-based structure of the university is essentially at odds with such collaboration.A second set of issues surrounds the almost static nature of the departmental system. In a country where most things are highly fluid, the fields covered by departments, as well as the pecking order between them, have remained largely unchanged for many years. As people andmoney have flowed, particularly over the past twenty years, to the south and the southwest, the strongest US universities and departments remain embedded in the northeast and in California. League tables drawn up by the National Academy of Sciences and others show little movement in this pecking order, even over several decades.Another, perhaps more contentious issue concerns the relevance of the modern research university to the community it serves. The established model, whatever else its strengths and weaknesses, reflects the desire of the middle classes for undergraduate training that prepares their offspring for a stable career. But how does it serve a society in which people may have to retrain and recreate their careers throughout their adult lives? (Words: 363)Unit Three Economy and GlobalizationPart OneWarm-up ListeningThe Great DepressionThe Great Depression was the longest and most severe period of economic depression ever experienced by the United States. It began with a collapse of prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929, and did not end until the United States entered World War II in late 1941. At its worst point—in early 1933—the American economy seemed on the verge of total collapse. National income had declined by almost one-half in a little over 3 years; capital investment had dropped to the point where net investment was negative; and one out of three people in the labor force was out of work. The most protracted period of economic stagnation in American history was finally ended by the war mobilization efforts in 1942. Obviously, no single event or factor was responsible for the decline.First, the stock-market crash which began on October 24, 1929, was not confined to a single day; the decline in asset prices was a process of continual erosion for almost 3 years. This enormous fall in the value of assets not only wiped out countless individual fortunes and savings, it also placed serious pressures on the stability of financial institutions, particularly banks. In addition, the interrelationship of income, consumption, and investment, together with the pessimistic expectations following the financial collapse, acted to discourage spending and thus to hinder the recovery of income. Finally, both the spending thesis and the monetarist thesis acknowledge the importance of serious flaws in the institutional framework of the American economy which contributed to the problems of 1929 to 1941. Even more significant was the absence of any institutional arrangements to cushion the effect that loss of income due to unemployment had on aggregate spending.The Great Depression marked, in a sense, the coming of age of the United States as a mature industrial economy. The events of the 1930s demonstrated the need for changes in the economic reform which was to continue for the next 40 years. Finally, the experience of the Great Depression serves as a continual reminder of the potential instability of our market economy, a memory which spurs a continued search for economic stability. (Words: 359)Part TwoFocus ListeningWhat to Expect at DavosFor more than 35 years, the Swiss businessman, economist, and philanthropist Klaus Schwab has been the driving force behind the World Economic Forum in Davos, where thinkers gather to ponder the problems of the planet. And with the world beset by more ills than job, there is no shortage of issues for CEOs, prime ministers, and academics to wrestle at this year‟s “Annual Meeting” from Jan. 24-28. I talked with Schwab about what will be on the table.What are the most important issues facing the world economy?The World Economic Forum did some research, together with Citigroup and Marsh＆McLennan, to keep track of major global risks, and we have identified 23 different risks, such as global warming, terrorism, oil price shocks, a hard landing for China, and so on. All of those issues will be on the agenda. Davos has one special function: It looks at all the issues on the global agenda, trying to see priorities and find solutions. There will be 2,400 people—half business, half other stakeholders in the global society, including 25 heads of state. You have practically every major government represented.Last year, India was a big focus, as was innovation. What will the hot topics be this year? Priorities evolve during the meeting itself. But a general issue will be the changing power equation, which means that everywhere in society and business, the power is moving from the center to the periphery. Vertical command-and-control structures are being eroded and replaced by communities and different platforms. We are moving into the Web 2.0 world, and this has tremendous implications on the national level and on business models. Also, three countries could be in the limelight: Russia, because the whole issue of energy security is at the top of the agenda; Vietnam, which is a new preferred place of investment; and Mexico, with the new President coming. And even if we are moving more and more into a multi-country world, the U.S. is still the key actor. We will have a delegation of 12 senators, and issues will be the sustainability of U.S. economic growth and the risk of the falling dollar.Your thoughts on Iraq and the Middle East today?It‟s not just an American challenge. It‟s a challenge for the world, because if Iraq goes into chaos and tribalism, the repercussions for the Middle East, for the energy supply will be tremendous. We believe Davos is a platform for positive interaction between the different factions in Iraq.How does the rest of the world view the U.S. today?In my opinion, anti-Americanism has decreased. One reason is that in the U.S. there is a much more vibrant discussion about the future. Americans are asking themselves a lot of questions.Is Davos a bit more of a celebrity fest than you originally intended?Of course, Davos is a place for business and political celebrities, and we have invited Hollywood celebrities because they have been very associated with some social causes. We didn‟t invite them because they were famous. This has brought us more reports, in the popular media. This year we made the decision that with the exception of one or two people, we were not inviting any Hollywood celebrities. (Words: 538)Part ThreeHome ListeningEconomic Conditions: Trying to Read the FutureEconomics and weather have a lot in common. Knowing what conditions will be like weeks or months in the future is not easy. One thing that helps economists predict the future is the index of leading economic indicators.An index is a way to measure changes in a group of numbers over time. In financial markets, for example, an index of stocks will rise or fall with changes in the wider market. The changes measured by an index can be represented with a single percentage.The index may start at a base period of time with a value of one hundred. Now say that a month later the value is recorded as one hundred one. That means it gained one percent. If the index lost one percent, however, the value would be ninety-nine.The leading economic indicators are really ten indexes. Four deal with manufacturing activity. One deals with unemployment claims. Another measures people‟s expectations of the economy. Still others involve financial information like the money supply and interest rates.The index of leading indicators is just one of the tools used to measure the business cycle. Business cycles are the normal changes that happen in economic growth over time.A measure called the coincident index provides information about current conditions. Employment rates are an important part of it. There is also a lagging index. It helps confirm economic changes that currently appear to be taking place. Interest rates are an important lagging indicator.The Conference Board publishes economic indicators for the United States. The Conference Board is a non-profit organization based in New York. It brings together business leaders to learn new ideas from one another. It has member companies around the world.The Conference Board also does economic research. Its work helps show business and government leaders what conditions might be ahead.But this group did not always produce the index of leading economic indicators. It took over the job in nineteen ninety-five from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, part of the Commerce Department.The Conference Board also publishes economic indicators for Australia, France, Germany and Japan. Others are Britain, Mexico, South Korea and Spain. (Words: 357)Unit Four Business and ManagementPart OneWarm-up ListeningTaylor‟s Scientific ManagementF.W. Taylor was the first man to study human beings at work. He published Taylor‟s Scientific Management in 1911 and it has since then multiplied labour productivity by a factor of one hundred.Taylor‟s god was efficiency and the highest ever productivity. Even as a young man he designed a spoon-shaped tennis racket and went on to win the national championship. He always aimed at the highest level efficiency in whatever he attempted.Taylor w as determined to stop all laziness on the shopfloor, “soldiering” as he called it. When he became the gang boss, the workers were frightened that he would increase the workload. A regular battle ensued between Taylor and his workers. There were planned breakdowns in the factory. Taylor‟s life was in danger. But he was a courageous person. He imposed fines and restored discipline. He emerged victorious.Taylor thought that he was a friend of the workers but workers considered him their arch enemy. They called him Speedy Taylor. They thought that his efficiency drive was pure slavery for them. It would impair their health, undermine their freedom and lead to large-scale unemployment.Taylor equated men with machines. Machines worked best when well-maintained and lubricated. Workers should likewise be provided with good working conditions, they should be well-trained and properly paid. They would, Taylor thought, then automatically work best. His concept of man was defective. Man is creative. He has feelings and emotions: he has intelligence. Taylor lost sight of these essentials. (Words: 245)Part TwoFocus ListeningA VOA Special English Economics ReportI‟m Steve Ember with the VOA Special English Economics Report.Peter Drucker was a voice for change and new ways of thinking about social and business relations. He died in Claremont, California, on November 11 at the age of ninety-five.Peter Drucker was born in Austria in 1909. In the late 1920s, he worked as a reporter in Frankfurt, Germany. He also studied international law.He fled Germany as Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933. Peter Drucker spent four years in aaaaBritain as an adviser to investment banks. He then came to the United States. Mister Drucker used his knowledge of international law to advise American businesses. He developed this advice into books on businesses methods and management.In the middle of the 1940s, Peter Drucker argued that the desire for profit was central to business efforts. He also warned that rising wages were harming American business. Mister Drucker was later invited to study General Motors. He wrote about his experiences in the book “The Concept of the Corporation”. In it, he said that workers at all levels should take part in dec ision-making, not just top managers.Critics of Peter Drucker have said that he often included only information that supported his arguments. But even his critics praised his clear reasoning and simple writing. He was called a management guru.Peter Drucker changed his thinking as times changed. In 1993, he warned that seeking too much profit helped a business‟ competitors. That was almost fifty years after he had argued the importance of profits.Mister Drucker taught at the Claremont Graduate School of Management for more than thirty years. He also advised companies. And he wrote for the Wall Street Journal opinion page for twenty years, until 1995. He commented on many economic and management issues.Peter Drucker may be most famous not for answering questions but for asking them. He once said that business people must ask themselves not “what do we want to sell” but “what do people want to buy”.Mister Drucker used terms like “knowledge workers” and “management goals”. Many of his ideas have grown to be highly valued in business training and politics.This VOA Special English Economics Report was written by Mario Ritter. Our reports are online at . (Words: 381)Part ThreeHome ListeningManaging the Global WorkforceBy Jena McGregor and Steve HammThe war for talent never ends. Middle managers in China? Good luck finding them, let alone keeping them. Assembly line workers in Central Europe? They‟re well-educated and hard-working. Trouble is, every company wants them. For corporations, managing this widely scattered, talented, restive, multicultural workforce has never been harder.These facts make a simple but powerful point: The old way of managing across borders is fading fast. In the first half of the 20th century, the globalization of business was based on the British colonial model. Headquarters, functions, and capital were in one place, with managers dispatched to run regional operations like colonies. In the second half of the 1900s, companies adopted the multinational model, replicating their home country operations in other places where they did business. Country units rarely dealt with other divisions in other markets.Today, global corporations are transforming themselve s into “transnationals,” moving work to the places with the talent to handle the job and the time to do it at the right cost. The threat of a U.S. recession only makes such efforts at lowering expenses and grabbing the best talent even more urgent. William J. Amelio, the CEO of Lenovo, the world‟s third-largest computer maker, calls his global workforce strategy “worldsourcing.” Lenovo has executive offices in five cities worldwide and organizes its workforce around hubs of expertise, such as hardware designers in Japan and marketers in India. “You operate as if there's just one time zone,” Amelio says. “And you're always on.”If anything, companies are devising new strategies to reach global scale faster. To retain workers in China, for example, PepsiCo‟s snacks unit funneled nearly 300 extra people into its talent assessment program last year and promoted three times as many managers as it did in 2006. In mid-2007 storage equipment maker EMC started a global innovation network for research and development workers at six labs around the globe. EMC set up a wiki Web site for scientists and engineers to develop technologies and product concepts together. (Words: 453)Unit Five Language and CulturePart OneWarm-up listeningDifferences Between Western Language Styles and Japanese Language StyleAfter I was married and had lived in Japan for a while, my Japanese gradually improved to the point where I could take part in simple conversations with my husband, his friends and family. And I began to notice that often, when I joined in, the others would look startled and the conversation would come to a halt. After this happened several times, it became clear to me that I was doing something wrong. But for a long time, I didn‟t know what it is. Finally, after listening carefully to many Japanese conversations, I discovered what my problem was. Even though I was speaking Japanese, I was handling the conversation in a Western way.Japanese-style conversations develop quite differently from western-style conversations. And the difference isn‟t only in the languages. I realized that just as I kept trying to hold western-style conversations even when I was speaking Japanese, so were my English students trying to hold Japanese-style conversations even when they were speaking English. We were unconsciously playing entirely different conversational ballgames.A western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a。
当代研究生英语(上册)Text_A(U1-U7) 原文
目录Unit 1：Cyberspace ：if you don't love it ,leave it (2)Unit 2 Why is it so hard for men and women to talk (4)Unit 3: The Case Against Man (8)Unit 4 The Future Of English (10)Unit 5 Can We Know the Universe? (13)Unit 6 Love in L.A (15)Unit 7 Entropy (18)Unit 1：Cyberspace ：if you don't love it ,leave it1Something in the American psyche loves new frontiers. We hanker after wide-open spaces; we like to explore; we like to make rules but refuse to follow them. But in this age it’s hard to find a place w here you can go and be yourself without worrying about the neighbors.2 There is such a place: cyberspace. Formerly a playground for computer fans, cyberspace now embraces every conceivable constituency: schoolchildren, flirtatious singles, Hungarian-Americans, accountants. Can they all get along? Or will our fear of kids surfing for dirty pictures behind their bedroom doors provoke a crackdown?3 The first order of business is to grasp what cyberspace is. It might help to leave behind metaphors of highways and frontiers and to think instead of real estate. Real estate, remember, is an intellectual, legal, artificial environment constructed on top of land. Real estate recognizes the difference between parkland and shopping mall, between red-light zone and school district, between church, state and drugstore.4 In the same way, you could think of cyberspace as a giant and unbounded world of virtual real estate. Some property is privately owned and rented out; other property is common land; some places are suitable for children, and others are best avoided by all citizens. Unfortunately, it’s those places that are now capturing the popular imagination, places that offer bomb-making instructions, pornography, advice on how to steal credit cards. They make cyberspace sound like a nasty place. Good citizens jump to a conclusion: Better regulate it.5 But before using regulations to counter indecency it is fundamental to interpret the nature of cyberspace. Cyberspace isn't a frontier where wicked people can grab unsuspecting children, nor is it a giant television system that can beam offensive messages at unwilling viewers. In this kind of real estate, users have to choose where they visit, what they see, what they do. It's optional. In other words, cyberspace is a voluntary destination—in reality, many destinations. You don't just get “onto the Net”; you have to go someplace in particular. That means that people can choose where to go and what to see. Yes, community standards should be enforced, but those standards should be set by cyberspace communities themselves, not by the courts or by politicians in Washington.6 What makes cyberspace so alluring is precisely the way in which it's different from shopping malls, television, highways and other terrestrial jurisdictions. But let's define the territory:7 First, there are private e-mail conversations, similar to the conversations you have over the telephone. These are private and consensual and require no regulation at all.8 Second, there are information and entertainment services, where people can download anything from legal texts and lists of “great new restaurants” to game software or dirty pictures. These places are like bookstores, malls and movie houses—places where you go to buy something. The customer needs to request an item or sign up for a subscription; stuff (especially pornography) is not sent out to people who don’t ask for it. Some of these services are free or included as part of a broader service like CompuServe or America Online; others charge and may bill their customers directly.9 Third, there are “real” communities—groups of people who communicate among themselves. In real-estate terms, they're like bars or restaurants or bathhouses. Each active participant contributes to a general conversation, generally through posted messages. Other participants may simply listen or watch. Some services are supervised by a moderator ; others are more like bulletin boards—anyone is free to post anything. Many of these services started out unmoderated but are now imposing rules to keep out unwanted advertising, extraneous discussions or increasingly rude participants.10 Cyberspace communities evolve just the way terrestrial communities do: people with like-minded interests band together. Every cyberspace community has its own character. Overall, the communities on CompuServe tend to be more professional; those on America Online, affluent young singles; Prodigy, family-oriented. Then there are independents like Echo, a hip, downtown New York service, or Women's Wire, targeted to women who want to avoid the male culture prevalent elsewhere on the Net. On the Internet itself there are lots of passionate noncommercial discussion groups on topics ranging from Hungarian politics (Hungary Online) to copyright law.11 What's unique about cyberspace is that it allows communities of any size and kind to flourish; in cyberspace, communities are chosen by the users, not forced on them by accidents of geography. This freedom gives the rules that preside in cyberspace a moral authority that rules in terrestrial environments don't have. Most people are stuck in the country of their birth, but if you don't like the rules of a cyberspace community, you can just sign off. Love it or leave it. Likewise, if parents don’t like the rules of a given cyberspace community, they can restrict their children’s access to it.12 What’s likely to happen in cyberspace is the formation of new communities, free of the constraints that cause conflict on earth. Instead of a global village, which is a nice dream but impossible to manage, we’ll have invented another world of self-contained communities that cater to their own members’ inclinations without interfering wit h anyone else’s. The possibility of a real market-style evolution of governance is at hand. In cyberspace, we’ll be able to test and evolve rules governing what needs to be governed — intellectual property, content and access control, rulesabout privacy and free speech. Some communities will allow anyone in; others will restrict access to members who qualify on one basis or another. Those communities that prove self-sustaining will prosper (and perhaps grow and split into subsets with ever-more-particular interests and identities). Those that can’t survive —either because people lose interest or get scared off — will simply wither away.13 In the near future, explorers in cyberspace will need to get better at defining and identifying their communities. They will need to put in place — and accept — their own local governments apart from terrestrial governments, just as the owners of expensive real estate often have their own security guards though they can call in the police to get rid of undesirable customers.14 Then what should be done about undesirable material in cyberspace? What to do, for instance, about pornography? The answer is labeling, besides banning, questionable material. It makes sense for cyberspace participants themselves to agree on a scheme for questionable items, so that people or automatic filters can avoid them. It's easy enough for software manufacturers to build an automatic filter that would prevent you or your child from ever seeing the undesired item on a menu. (It’s as if all the items were wrapped, with labels on the wrapper.) Someone who posted pornographic material under the title “Kid-Fun” could be sued for mislabeling.15 Without a lot of fanfare, private enterprises and local groups are already producing a variety of labeling services, along with kid-oriented sites like Kidlink and Kids’ Space. People differ in their tastes and values and can find services on the Net that suit them in the same way they select books and magazines. Or they can wander freely if they prefer, making up their own itinerary.16 In the end, our society needs to grow up. Growing up means understanding that there are no perfect answers, no all-purpose solutions, no government-sanctioned safe havens. We haven’t created a perfect society on ea rth, and we won't have one in cyberspace either. But at least we can have individual choice —and individual responsibility.Unit 2 Why is it so hard for men and women to talk1I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening, one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening, I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said, “She’s the talker in our family.” The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. “It’s true,” he explained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t keep the conversation going, we’d spend the whole evening in silence.”2 This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.3 Sociologist Catherine Kohier Riessman, who reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.4 In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life. Instead, they focused on communication: “He doesn‘t listen to me,” “He doesn’t talk to me.” I found that most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.5 In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.Linguistic Battle Between Men and Women6 How can women and men have such different impressions of communication in marriage? Why is there a widespread imbalance in their interests and expectations?7 In the April 1990 issue of American Psychologist, Stanford University’s Eleanor Maccoby reports the results of her own and others’ research showing that children’s development is most influenced by the social structure of peer interactions. Boys and girls tend to play with children of their own gender, and their sex-separate groups have different organizational structures and interactive norms.8 I believe these systematic differences in childhood socialization make talk between women and men like cross-cultural communication. My research on men’s and women’s conversations uncovered patterns similar to those described for children’s groups.9 For women, as for girls, intimacy is the fabric of relationships, and talk is the thread from which it is woven. Little girls create and maintain friendships by exchanging secrets; similarly, women regard conversation as the cornerstone of friendship. So a woman expects her husband to be a new and improved version of a best friend. What is important is not the individual subjects that are discussed but the sense of closeness, of a life shared, that emerges when people tell their thoughts, feelings, and impressions.10 Bonds between boys can be as intense as girls’, but they are based less on talking, more on doing things together. Si nce they don’t assume talk is the cement thatbinds a relationship, men don’t know what kind of talk women want, and they don’t miss it when it isn’t there.11 Boys’ groups are larger, more inclusive, and more hierarchical, so boys must struggle to avoid the subordinate position in the group. This may play a role in women’s complaints that men don’t listen to them.12 Often when women tell men, “You aren’t listening,” and the men protest “I am”, the men are right. The impression of not listening results from misalignments in the mechanics of conversation. This misalignment begins as soon as a man and a woman take physical positions. When I studied videotapes made by psychologist Bruce Dorval of children and adults talking to their same-sex best friends, I found at every age, the girls and women faced each other directly, their eyes anchored on each other’s faces. At every age, the boys and men sat at angles to each other and looked elsewhere in the room, periodically glancing at each other. But the tendency of men to face away can give women the impression they aren’t listening even when they are. A young woman in college was frustrated: whenever she told her boyfriend she wanted to talk to him, he would lie down on the floor, close his eyes, and put his arm over his face. This signaled to her, “He’s taking a nap.” But he insisted he was listening extra hard. Normally, he looks around the room, so he is easily distracted. Lying down and covering his eyes helped him concentrate on what she was saying.13 Switching topics is another habit that gives women the impression men aren’t listening, especially if they switch to a topic about themselves. The girls in my study tended to talk at length about one topic, but the boys tended to jump from topic to topic.14 My study of the 10th-grade children found that when a girl told a friend about a problem, the friend responded by asking probing questions and expressing agreement and understanding. But the boys dismissed each other’s problems. Todd assured Richa rd that his drinking was “no big problem”. And when Todd said he felt left out, Richard responded, “Why should you? You know more people than me.”15 Women perceived such responses as belittling and unsupportive. But the boys seemed satisfied with them. Whereas women reassure each other by implying, “You shouldn’t feel bad because I’ve had similar experiences,” men do so by implying, “You shouldn’t feel bad because your problems aren’t so bad.”16 There are even simpler reasons for women’s impression that men don’t listen. Linguist Lynette Hirschman found that women make more listener-noise, such as “mhm”, “uhuh”, and “yeah”, to show “I’m with you”. Men, she found, more often give silent attention. Women who expect a stream of listener-noise interpret silent attention as no attention at all.17 Women’s conversational habits are as frustrating to men as men’s are to women. Men who expect silent attention interpret a stream of listener-noise as overreaction or impatience. Also, when women talk to each other in a close, comfortable setting, they often overlap, finish each other’s sentences and anticipate what the other is about to say. This practice, which I call “participatory listenership”, is often perceived by men as interruption, intrusion and lack of attention.18 A parallel difference caused a man to complain about his wife, “She just wants to talk about her own point of view. If I show her another view, she gets mad at me.” When most women talk to each other, they assume a conversationalist’s job is to express agreement and support. But many men see their conversational duty as pointing out the other side of an argument. This is heard as disloyalty by women, and refusal to offer the requisite support. It is not that women don’t want to see oth er points of view, but that they prefer them phrased as suggestions and inquiries rather than as direct challenges.The Sounds of Silence19 These differences begin to clarify why women and men have such different expectations about communication in marriage. For women, talk creates intimacy. Marriage is an orgy of closeness: you can tell your feelings and thoughts, and still be loved. Their greatest fear is being pushed away. But men live in a hierarchical world, where talk maintains independence and status. They are on guard to protect themselves from being put down and pushed around.20 This explains the paradox of the talkative man who said of his silent wife, “She’s the talker.” In the public setting, he felt challenged to show his intelligence and display his understanding. But at home, where he has nothing to prove and no one to defend against, he is free to remain silent. For his wife, being home means she is free from the worry that something she says might offend someone, or spark disagreement, or appear to be showing off; at home she is free to talk.21 The communication problems that endanger marriage can’t be fixed by mechanical engineering. They require a new conceptual framework about the role of talk in human relationships. Many of the psychological explanations may not be helpful, because they tend to blame either women (for not being assertive enough) or men (for not being in touch with their feelings). A sociolinguistic approach by which male-female conversation is seen as cross-cultural communication allows us to understand the problem and forge solutions without blaming either party.22 Once the problem is understood, improvement comes naturally. Women who feel abandoned and deprived when their husband s won’t listen to or report daily news may be happy to discover their husbands trying to adapt once they understand the place of small talk in women’s relationships. But if their husbands don’t adapt, the women may still be comforted that for men, this is not a failure of intimacy.Accepting the difference, the wives may look to their friends or family for that kind of talk. And husbands who can’t provide it shouldn’t feel their wives have made unreasonable demands. Some couples will still decide to divorce, but at least their decisions will be based on realistic expectations.Unit 3: The Case Against Man1 The first mistake is to think of mankind as a thing in itself. It isn’t. It is part of an intricate web of life. And we can’t think even of life as a thing in itself. It isn’t. It is part of the intricate structure of a planet bathed by energy from the Sun.2 The Earth, in the nearly 5 billion years since it assumed approximately its present form, has undergone a vast evolution. When it first came into being, it very likely lacked what we would today call an ocean and an atmosphere. These were formed by the gradual outward movement of material as the solid interior settled together.3 Nor were ocean, atmosphere, and solid crust independent of each other after formation. There is interaction always: evaporation, condensation, solution, weathering. Far within the solid crust there are slow, continuing changes, too, of which hot springs, volcanoes, and earthquakes are the more noticeable manifestations here on the surface.4 Between 2 billion and 3 billion years ago, portions of the surface water, bathed by the energetic radiation from the Sun, developed complicated compounds in organization sufficiently versatile to qualify as what we call “life”. Life forms have become more complex and more various ever since.5 But the life forms are as much part of the structure of the Earth as any inanimate portion is. It is all an inseparable part of a whole. If any animal is isolated totally from other forms of life, then death by starvation will surely follow. If isolated from water, death by dehydration will follow even faster. If isolated from air, whether free or dissolved in water, death by asphyxiation will follow still faster. If isolated from the Sun, animals will survive for a time, but plants would die, and if all plants died, all animals would starve.6 It works in reverse, too, for the inanimate portion of Earth is shaped and molded by life. The nature of the atmosphere has been changed by plant activity (which adds to the air the free oxygen it could not otherwise retain). The soil is turned by earthworms, while enormous ocean reefs are formed by coral.7 The entire planet, plus solar energy, is one enormous intricately interrelated system. The entire planet is a life form made up of nonliving portions and a large variety of living portions (as our own body is made up of nonliving crystals in bones and nonliving water in blood, as well as of a large variety of living portions).8 In fact, we can pursue the analogy. A man is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types, all interrelated and interdependent. Loss of some of those cells, such as those making up an entire leg, will seriously handicap all the rest of the organism: serious damage to a relatively few cells in an organ, such as the heart or kidneys, may end by killing all 50 trillion.9 In the same way, on a planetary scale, the chopping down of an entire forest may not threaten Earth’s life in general, but it wi ll produce serious changes in the life forms of the region and even in the nature of the water runoff and, therefore, in the details of geological structure. A serious decline in the bee population will affect the numbers of those plants that depend on bees for fertilization, then the numbers of those animals that depend on those particular bee-fertilized plants, and so on.10 Or consider cell growth. Cells in those organs that suffer constant wear and tear—as in the skin or in the intestinal lining—grow and multiply all life long. Other cells, not so exposed, as in nerve and muscle, do not multiply at all in the adult, under any circumstances. Still other organs, ordinarily quiescent, as liver and bone, stand ready to grow if that is necessary to replace damage. When the proper repairs are made, growth stops.11 In a much looser and more flexible way, the same is true of the “planet organism” (which we study in the science called ecology). If cougars grow too numerous, the deer they live on are decimated, and some of the cougars die of starvation, so that their “proper number” is restored. If too many cougars die, then the deer multiply with particular rapidity, and cougars multiply quickly in turn, till the additional predators bring down the number of deer again. Barring interference from outside, the eaters and the eaten retain their proper numbers, and both are the better for it. (If the cougars are all killed off, deer would multiply to the point where they destroy the plants they live off, and more would then die of starvation than would have died of cougars.)12 The neat economy of growth within an organism such as a human being is sometimes—for what reason, we know not—disrupted, and a group of cells begins growing without limit. This is the dread disease of cancer, and unless that growing group of cells is somehow stopped, the wild growth will throw all the body structure out of true and end by killing the organism itself.13 In ecology, the same would happen if, for some reason, one particular type of organism began to multiply without limit, killing its competitors and increasing its own food supply at the expense of that of others. That, too, could end in the destruction of the larger system—most or all of life and even of certain aspects of the inanimate environment.14 And this is exactly what is happening at this moment. For thousands of years, the single species Homo sapiens, to which you and I have the dubious honor of belonging, has been increasing in numbers. In the past couple of centuries, the rate of increase has itself increased explosively.15 At the time of Julius Caesar, when Earth’s human population is estimated to have been 150 million, that population was increasing at such a rate that it would double in 1000 years i f that rate remained steady. Today, with Earth‘s population estimated at about 4000 million (26 times what it was in Caesar’s time), it is increasing at a rate which, if steady, will cause it to double in 35 years.16 The present rate of increase of Ear th’s swarming human population qualifies Homo sapiens as an ecological cancer, which will destroy the ecology just as surely as any ordinary cancer would destroy an organism.17 The cure? Just what it is for any cancer. The cancerous growth must somehow be stopped.18 Of course, it will be. If we do nothing at all, the growth will stop, as a cancerous growth in a man will stop if nothing is done. The man dies and the cancer dies with him. And analogously, the ecology will die and man will die with it.19 How can the human population explosion be stopped? By raising the death rate or by lowering the birthrate. There are no other alternatives. The death rate will rise spontaneously and finally catastrophically, if we do nothing—and that within a few decades. To make the birthrate fall, somehow (almost any how, in fact), is surely preferable, and that is therefore the first order of mankind’s business today.20 Failing this, mankind would stand at the bar of abstract justice (for there may be no posterity to judge) as the mass murderer of life generally, his own included, and mass disrupter of the intricate planetary development that made life in its present glory possible in the first place.Unit 4 The Future Of English1 In the middle of the sixteenth century, English was spoken by between four and five millions of people, and stood fifth among the European languages, with French, German, Italian, and Spanish ahead of it in that order, and Russian following. Two hundred years later, Italian had dropped behind but Russian had gone ahead, so that English was still in fifth place. By the end of the Eighteenth Century English began to move forward, and by the middle of the nineteenth it had forced its way into first place. Today it is so far in the lead that it is probably spoken by as many people as the next two languages—Russian and German combined.2 How many people speak it today? It is hard to answer. Besides those to whomEnglish is their native tongue, there are people who, though born to some other language, live in English-speaking communities and speak English in their daily business. More importantly, English is now spoken as a foreign language throughout the world—very often, to be sure, badly, but nevertheless understandably. It has become a platitude that one may go almost anywhere with no other linguistic equipment and get on almost as well as in New York.3 In part, of course, its spread has been due to the extraordinary dispersion of the English-speaking peoples. They have been the greatest travelers of modern times, and the most adventurous merchants, and the most assiduous colonists. Moreover, they have been, on the whole, poor linguists, and so they have dragged their language with them, and forced it upon the human race.4 But there is more to the matter than this. English, brought to close quarters with formidable rivals, has won very often, not by force of numbers, but by the sheer weight of its merit. “In wealth, wisdom, and strict economy,” said the eminent Jakob Gr imm a century ago, “none of the other living languages can vie with it.” To which the eminent Otto Jespersen was adding only the other day: English is simple, it has clear sounds, it packs its words closely together, it is logical in their arrangement, and it is free from all pedantic flubdub.5 When American pedagogues speak of the virtues of English they almost always begin by hymning its enormous vocabulary, which is at least twice as large as that of any other language. But this is not what enchants the foreigner; on the contrary, the vast reaches of the vocabulary naturally alarm him. The thing that really wins him is the succinctness and simplicity of the language. We use, for all our store of Latin polysyllables, a great many more short words than long ones, and we are always trying to make the long ones short. What was once puniligrion is now pun; what was gasoline only yesterday is already gas. No other European language has so many three-letter words, nor so many four-word sayings. “First come,first served”—that is typically English, for it is bold, plain, and short.6 The English psychologist, Dr. Ogden believes, indeed, that 850 words are sufficient for all ordinary purposes, and he has devised a form of simplified English, called by him Basic, which uses no more. Of his 850 words no less than 600 are the names of things, which leaves only 250 for the names of qualities and actions, and for all the linguistic hooks and eyes that hold sentences together.7 Does this seem too few? Then it is only to those who have forgotten one of the prime characteristics of English—its capacity for getting an infinity of meanings out of a single word by combining it with simple modifiers. Consider, for example, the difference between the verbs to get. To get going, to get by, to get on to, to get wise, to get off, to get ahead of, and to get over. Dr. Ogden proposes to rid the language of a great many verbs—some of them irregular, and hence difficult—by substituting such。
研究生公共英语听力原文1—15
Lesson 1 MusicPART A1. M: By the way, Jane, did you talk to the consultant about our new health program?W: I contacted his office but his secretary said he would be out for lunch until two.Q: What does the woman mean?2. W: We need to let everyone know about the charity concert, but we don't have much money for advertising.M: How about using the school radio station? They broadcast free public service announcements.Q: What does the man suggest they do?3. W: I don't understand why this book for self-study doesn't have answers to the questions. M: But it does. You can find them at the back of the book.Q: What does the man say about the self-study book?4. M: The new sales manager says he has never met you before.W: We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful.Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager?5. M: Have you had the brakes and tires checked? And do you have enough money?W: I have taken care of everything. And I'm sure it's going to be a wonderful trip.Q: What's the woman going to do?6. M: I've had my new stereo for a whole week, but I haven't yet figured out how to record music.W: Didn't any instruction manual come with it? Q: What does the woman imply?7. W: I want to pay you for that long-distance call I made. But, I suppose you haven't gotten your phone bill yet, M: Oh, but I have.Q: What does the man mean?8. M: Professor Smith assigned us three more novels to read.W: He must think you don't have any other classes.Q: What can be inferred about Professor Smith?9. M: Let's go watch the fireworks tonight.W: I have tickets to the theater. Q: What does the woman mean?10. M: I am exhausted. I stayed up the whole night studying for my history midterm exam. W: Why do you always wait till the last minute?Q: What can be inferred about the man?11. M: I'll be coming straight from work, so I'll have to pack a change of clothes. W: It's only a barbecue. Jeans and T-shirts will be fine.Q: What does the woman imply?12. W: I'm going to the snack bar for a cup of coffee. Would you like me to bring you back something?M: Not from the snack bar, but could you pick up a paper for me?Q: What does the man mean?13. M: I don't understand how this budget was calculated.W: Let me have a look, OK? Q: What does the woman mean?14. W: We need a fourth player for tennis this morning. Do you want to join us？M: I've got a class at nine, but Carol is free and she is really good.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?15. W: Have you saved enough to buy that new printer for your computer yet? M: You know, money seems to be burning a hole in my pocket lately. Maybe next month. Q: What does the man mean?PART BPassage I American MusicOne of America's most important exports is her modern music. American music is played all over the world. It is enjoyed by the people of all ages in all countries. Al-though the lyrics are English, people not speaking English enjoy it. The reasons for its popularity are its fast pace and rhythmic beat.The music has many origins in the United States. Country music, coming from the rural areas in the southern United States, is one source. Country music features simple themes and melodies describing day-to-day situations and the feelings of country people. Many people appreciate this music because of the emotions expressed by country music songs.A second origin of American popular music is the blues. It depicts mostly sad feelings reflecting the difficult lives of American blacks. It is usually played and sung by black musicians, but it is popular with all Americans.Rock music is a newer form of music. This music style, featuring fast and repetitious rhythms, was influenced by the blues and country music. It was first known as rock-and-roll in the 1950s. Since then there have been many forms of rock music: hard rock, soft rock, disco music and others. Many performers of popular music are young musicians.American popular music is marketed to a demanding audience. Now popular songs are heard on the radio several times a day. Some songs have become popular all over the world. People hear these songs sung in their original English or sometimes translated into other languages. The words may differ but the enjoyment of the music is universal.Exercises with KeyI. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer (a, b, c, or d) to each question you've heard.2. Why is American music so popular in all countries?3; What can be learned from the passage?.4. What do you know from the passage?5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?Passage II: Music in Different CulturesIn western culture music is regarded as good by birth, and sounds that are welcome are said to be "music to the ears". In some other cultures -- for example, Islamic culture -- it is of low value, associated with sin and evil. In the West and in the high cultures of Asia, it is said that there are three types of music. First, classical music, composed and performed by trained professionals originally under the support of courts and religious establishments; second, folk music, shared by the population at large and passed on orally, and third, popular music, performed by professionals, spread through radio, television, records, film, and print, and consumed by the urban mass public.Music is a major component in religious services, theater, and entertainment of all sorts. The most universal use of music is as a part of religious ritual. In some tribal societies, music appears to serve as a special form of communication with supernatural beings, and its prominent use in modern Christian and Jewish services may be the left-over of just such an original purpose. Another less obvious function of music is social adherence. For most social groups, music can serve as a powerful symbol. Members of most societies share keen feelings as to what kind of music they "belong to". Indeed, some minorities including, in the U. S.A., black Americans and Euro-American racial groups use music as a major symbol of group identity. Music also symbolizes military, patriotic and funeral moods and events. In a more general sense, music may express the central social values of a society. In western music, the interrelationship of conductor and orchestra symbolizes the need for strong cooperation among various kinds of specialists in a modern industrial society.Exercises with KeyI. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer (a, b, c, or d) to each question you've heard.2. Which of the following is performed by professionals?3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?4. According to the passage, what is the most universal use of music?5. Which of the following is NOT symbolized by music?LESSON 2 HolidaysPART A1.M: Do you still want to go to the graduate school after you get out of college?W: I've changed my mind about that. I want to start working before I go back to school.Q: What does the woman mean?2. M: We've got a whole hour before the Browns come by to pick us up.W: Yeah. But we'd better get moving.Q: What does the woman suggest they do?3. M: I'm thinking of getting a new printer.W: I'd invest in a laser printer. The print quality is much better.Q: What does the woman mean?4. W: I've got a coupon for half-off dinner at that new restaurant down the street. I think I'll use it when my cousin comes for a visit this weekend.M: Where did you get it? I wouldn't mind trying that place out too.Q: What does the man want to know?5. W: What's Laura doing here today? I thought she was supposed to be out of the office on Mondays.W: She decided she'd rather have Fridays off instead.Q: What can be inferred about Laura?6. M: I need to find a new roommate.W: So John's going to California after all.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?7. M: My math assignment's due tomorrow morning and I haven't even started it yet.W: I'll miss you at the party tonight.Q: Why does the woman so?8. W: Those packages took forever to arrive.M: But they did arrive, didn't they?Q: What does the man say about the packages?9. M: My parents are coming to see our apartment this weekend.W: Looks as if I'd better lend you my vacuum cleaner then.Q: What is the woman imply?10. M: Sarah, did you have a chance to buy that new novel you wanted?W: No, but I had Doris get it for me.Q: What does Sarah say about the novel?11. M: I've been waiting all week for this concert. The philharmonic is supposed to be excellent and with our student discount the tickets will be really cheap.W: Uh -- uh, I'm afraid I left my student ID in my other purse.Q: What does the woman imply?12. M: The university bookstore opens at 9 in the morning.W: Oh, dear. I need a textbook for my eight o'clock class today.Q: What is the woman problem?13. M: The storm last night damaged some of the neighbor's roofs.W:No wonder.Q: What does the woman mean?14. M: You've certainly been reading that one page for a long time now.W: Well, I'm being tested on it tomorrow.Q: What does the woman imply?15. W: Another thing we need to do is show the new students around town. You know, show them all the highlights of the area.M: I don't see why we need to do that ourselves. I understand the visitors' center offers a wonderful bus tour.Q: What does the man suggest they do?PART BPassage I Holidays in Britain and the USPeople in the US get a two-week paid vacation from their job every year. Most British people have four or five weeks paid holiday a year. Americans often complain that two weeks is not enough especially when they hear about the longer holidays that Europeans enjoy. In addition, there are eight days in each European country, which are public holidays (the British call Bank Holiday) and many of these fall on a Monday giving people a long weekend.What do people do in Britain and the US when they are on holidays? In the US, outdoor vacations are popular, for example, at the Grand Canyon or Yellowstone or other national parks or forests. Young people may go walking or camping in the mountains. Many people have small trailers in which to travel, or if they are in a car, they may stay at motels on the journey. Disneyland and Disney world are also popular and people can go skiing in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Wyoming and Montana. Some children go to summer camp f or a holiday during the summer vacation from school, where they do special activities,such as sports or crafts. When Americans want a holiday for sun and rest, they usually go to Florida, Hawaii, Mexico or the Caribbean. They may go to Europe for culture, for example, to see art, plays, and places of historic interest.In Britain, many people like to go to the seaside for holidays. There are places near the sea, such as Backpool, Scarborough and Bournemouth, where there is plenty to do even when it rains. People also like to go to the country, especially to walk, in places like Scotland, Wales and the Lake District. When the British go abroad they usually want to go somewhere warm. Spain and the Spanish islands of Majorea and Ibiza are popular as are other places in southern Europe. For skiing, people often go to the Alps.1. How long a paid vacation can Americans enjoy every year?2. How many days are there about public holidays for Europeans in a year? weeks.3. Where do Americans usually go for sun and rest?4. Where do Americans usually spend their holidays for culture?5. British people usually go to Spain for holidays. What for?l. ( F ) Many of the public holidays are on Friday in Britain.2. ( T ) Americans like to have outdoor activities during their vacations.3. ( T ) Some American children do some special activities in the summer camps during their vacations.4. ( F ) When British people go abroad, they usually go for culture.5. ( T ) For the British, the Alps is a skiing resort.Passage II Welcoming the New YearEvery country in the world celebrates New Year but not everyone does it on the same day. The countries of North and South America and Europe welcome the New Year on January 1. This practice began with the Romans. Julius Caesar, a Roman ruler, changed the date of the New Year from the first day of March to the first day of January. In the Middle East, New Year is on the day when spring begins. People in China celebrate it on the Spring Festival, which is the first day of their lunar calendar. The Spring Festival usually comes between January 21 and February 19. Rosh Hashana, which is the Jewish New Year, comes at the end of summer.In all of these cultures, there is a practice making noise. People made noise in ancient times to drive away the evil spirits from the home. Many people do it with fire-works. In Japan, people go from house to house making noise with drums and bamboo sticks. Young people in Denmark throw broken pieces of jars or pots against the sides of friends' houses.In the United States, many people stay up until midnight on New Year's Eve to watch the clock pass from one year to the next. Friends often gather together at a party on New Year's Eve, and when the New Year comes, all ring bells, blow horns, blow whistle songs, and kiss each other.In many European countries, families start the new year by first attending church services, which is followed by paying calls on friends and relatives. Italian boys and girls receive gifts of money on New Year's Day.New Year's Day is more joyful than Christmas in France and Scotland. In these countries Christmas is a religious holiday only, while the New Year is the time for gifts-giving, parties, and visits.1. Who changed the date of the New Year from March 1 to January 172. When does the Jewish New Year begin?3. Why did people make noise in ancient times when they celebrated the New Year?4. According to the speaker, how do the children in Denmark celebrate the New Year?5. In which country do children receive gifts of money on New Year's Day?1. ( F ) People in the Middle East welcome the New Year on January 1.2. ( T )The Spring Festival usually comes between January 21 and February 19.3. ( T ) On New Year's Day, many people make noise with fireworks.4. ( F ) In all European countries, families start the new year by paying calls on friends and relatives.5. ( F ) Christmas is the most joyful and important festival of the year in France.Lesson 3 EconomyPART A1. W: The report says all departments are making a profit except the Asian department.M: Well, Mr. Smith seems to be the wrong person to head that department. One more step wrong and he will be removed from that office.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?2. W: During the last thunderstorm, I noticed several leaks in my bedroom ceiling and they really caused a mess.M: Maybe you have some broken tiles. I have the phone number of a good roofing company that could do a good repair job for you at a reasonable price.Q: What can we conclude from this conversation?3. W: How did you do on the math exam, John?M: I barely made it. It was just a passing score but better than I had expected.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?4. M: I wonder what makes Mother so upset these days?W: Father is canceling his vacation trip. He promised to take her abroad last year, but the company is again asking father to postpone his vacation.Q: Why is their mother unhappy?5. W: Friday's speaker is supposed to be wonderful. Are you going to attend the seminar that day?M: Yes, but I haven't been able to get a ticket yet. Since the lecture is open to the public, I imagine the tickets may have already been sold out.Q: Why is the man afraid he won't be able to attend the seminar?6. M: Could you lend me your biology notes?W: Do you think you'll be able to make out my handwriting?Q: What does the woman imply about the notes?7. W: Did you pick up my books from Ron's house?M: Sorry. It slipped my mind.Q: What does the man mean?8. W: Would you like to go to the movies with us tonight?M: To the movies? Tonight is the biggest concert of the year.Q: What does the man mean?9. M: Just one person in the whole class got an A on the test! YOU!W: ALL RIGHT!!!Q: What does the woman mean?10. W: We are having a party at our house on the weekend of the 30th. Would you like to joinus?M: That sounds like a lot of fun. But I'll need to check my calendar first.Q: What does the man imply?11. M: I've been running a mile every afternoon for the past month. But I still haven't been able to lose more than a pound or two. I wonder if it's worth it.W: Oh, don't give up now. It always seems hard when you are just starting out.Q: What does the woman mean?12. M: I'm going to the vegetable stand today. Can I pick up anything for you?W: No, thanks. I just came back from the market myself.Q: What does the woman mean?13. M: I don't understand why I received such a low grade on my term paper.W: You should make an appointment with the professor to discuss it.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?14. M: The sound of all that traffic is driving me out of my mind.W: It is had. But the highway will reopen tomorrow, then we won't have all those cars passing by any more.Q: What does the woman imply?15. W: I invited your mother to lunch yesterday. But she said she didn't have any free time.M: Yeah. She just got a new job.Q: What does the man mean?PART BPassage I World Trade Organization (WTO)Established on January 1, 1995, World Trade Organization is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It exists to promote a free-market international trade system. The WTO promotes trade by:1. reducing tariffs; 2. prohibiting import or export bans or quotas; 3. eliminating discrimination against foreign products and services; 4. eliminating other impediments to trade, commonly called "non-tariff trade barriers''.With China's successful entry into WTO in Nov 2001, it currently has 135 member countries, accounting for over 90% of world trade. Over 30 others are negotiating membership. The WTO's top-level decision-making body is the ministerial conference which meets at least once every two years. Over three-quarters of WTO members are developing countries. Special provisions for these members are included in the WTO's agreements. GATT is now the WTO's principal rule-book.Decisions are made by the entire membership by consensus or majority vote. The WTO's agreements have been ratified in all members' parliaments. If a trade barrier is found to be unfair, the WTO can authorize the imposition of trade sanctions to force a change in that country's law. The WTO exempts trade barriers which are designed to conserve natural resources or protect health.Critics say the WTO credits agreements are skewed in favor of rich countries. The west may preach trade liberalization, but it has used negotiations to prize third world market while keeping its own barriers intact.1.When was the World Trade Organization established?2. What is the aim of establishing the WTO?3. According to the passage, how many member countries does the WTO currently have?4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?5. What does the WTO do if a trade barrier is found to be unfair in a certain country?1.GATT,2.over 90%,3.the ministerial conference,4.conserve natural resources, protect health,5.in favor of rich countries.Passage II President Jiang Zemin Highlights "New Economy" in APEC AddressPresident Jiang Zemin said on November 16, 2000 that in the development of a "New Economy", it is essential to take advantage of the latest developments in science and technology. He made this address at the eighth informal meeting of leaders of the APEC forum. He explained that the "New Economy" refers to the kind of economy initiated and sustained by new technologies and hi-tech industries. The advancement of technology, led by IT and biotechnology industries, is giving rise to a new industrial revolution, Jiang said.Developing countries are faced with the difficult task of both transforming their traditional industries and developing new industries, Jiang noted, adding that continued expansion of the 'digital divide" has widened the wealth gap between North and South and may trigger new imbalances in the world economy."Against the background of accelerated economic globalization and the dynamic progress of science and technology, we must facilitate cooperation between developed and developing countries on exchanges of human resources, technology and infrastructure, and we must help countries develop independently to narrow the North-South gap."Today, the development, application and impact of science and technology far transcends national boundaries. For example, every major breakthrough made in the human genome project is a crystallization of cooperation between scientists from a number of countries. Only when applied in a global context can the achievements of science and technology benefit people", Jiang said. He also noted that economic globalization should stress the popularization of scientific and technological knowledge.The protection of intellectual property rights should be guided by market rules in such away that the rules will be helpful to the spread of scientific and technological knowledge, so that all countries may benefit, he added.1.On November 16, 2000.2.It is essential to take advantage of the latest developments in science and technology.3.It refers to the kind of economy initiated and sustained by new technologies and hi-tech industries.4.They are faced with the task of both transforming their traditional industries and developing new industries.5.It should stress the popularization of scientific and technological knowledge.1.the eighth informal meeting of leaders2.bio-technology industries, a new industrial revolution3.has widened the wealth gap, North and South, new imbalances in the world economy4.developed and developing countries, human resources, technology5.intellectual property rights, the spread of scientific and technological knowledge, all countries may benefit.LESSON4 EducationPART A1. W: I am amazed使大为吃惊, 使惊奇you are still driving that old car of yours. I thought you would have gotten rid of it years ago.M: It runs well. And I've actually grown quite (attached to) (使)贴〔系, 粘〕在…上it.Q: What does the man mean?2. W: Tom has tried so hard to win a race since he first joined the track team. But it's two years later, and he still hasn't.M: I know. And it takes so much time from his class work. Maybe he should just forget about sports for now.Q: What does the man mean?3. M: Don't you just love the hot mid-day sun?W: I sure do, Unfortunately, it doesn't like my skin.Q: What does the woman mean?4. W: I'm not going swimming in the lake unless it warms up outside today.M: Me, either. Unfortunately, I think it is supposed to stay this cold all day.Q: What can be inferred about the speakers?5. M: That sweater毛衣，线衣is so unusual, and yet it looks familiar. Did I just see you wearing that yesterday?W: Well, not me. But it belongs to my roommate, Jane, and she is in your physics class.Q: What does the woman imply?6. M: You know my car hasn't been the same since I had bumped撞倒; 冲撞into that telephone toll.W: You'd better have that looked into before you drive to Florida.Q: What does the woman mean?7. M: I notice that you don't buy your lunch in the cafeteria [ˌkæfiˌtiəriə]自助餐厅或食堂any more.W: When prices went up I decided to bring my own.Q: Why doesn't the woman buy food in the cafeteria?8. M: If I don't find my wallet钱夹, 皮夹pretty漂亮的, 可爱的, 精致的soon, I'm going to have to report it stolen.W: Hold on. Before you call campus (大学)校园security保卫部门；保安部门office, have you checked your car or your jacket pocket, everywhere?Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?9. W: I've been calling David for the past half hour, but I keep getting a busy signa信号, 暗号l. W: Well, if you don't get him soon we'll just have to go to the movies without him.Q: Why are the women trying to call David?10. M: Are you ready to go jogging慢走; 慢跑?W: Almost. I have to warm up (使)作准备活动first.Q: What does the woman mean?11. M: You did an excellent job on that presentation报告.W: Thanks. I put a lot of time into it.Q: What does the woman mean?12. M: Got the time?W: It's a little after ten.Q: What does the woman mean?13. W: Excuse me, could you bring me a glass of water, please?M: Sorry, but I am not a waiter.Q: What does the man mean?14. W: My cousin堂[表]兄弟[姊妹] Bob is getting married in California and I can't decide whether to go.M: It's a long trip but I think you will have a good time.Q: What does the man imply?15. W: Thanks a lot, this scarf [skɑ:f]围巾; 披肩; 领巾will be perfect with my blue jacket.M: Made a good choice, did I?Q: What does the man mean?PART BPassage I: higher Education in the United StatesMore than one million students from all over the world have once studied in the United States since 1945. In a recent single year, there were more than 150 thousand foreign students who came to the United States' institutions of higher learning. They were welcomed and most were successful in their academic studies. Foreign students who study in the United States benefit a lot from the educational system of the United States.Three developments in the United States higher education that the students are benefiting from today started more than a century ago following the Civil War. The first of these was the rapid growth of the technological and professional education to meet the urgent demands of a complex industrial and urban society. New schools of technology, engineering, architecture, law and medicine flourished. The second was the provision for graduate study, such as what had long existed in France and Germany. Harvard and John Hopkins Universities quickly took the lead in this field, but the state universities did not lag far behind. The third was the increased provision for the education of women. This included the establishment of new women's colleges, such as Vassar, Wellesley and Smith, and the adoption of co-education in all the new state universities outside the South as well as in many private institutions: These developments, the growth of the technological and professional education, the provision for graduate study, and the increased educational opportunities for women began over a century ago, well over thirteen decades since the end of the Civil War.1. What does the speaker mainly talk about?2. How many major educational changes does the speaker discuss?3. How many foreign students have studied in the United States since 194574. Which university took the lead in providing graduate study for the students?。
研究生英语听力原文
I'm standing in front of the Northeastern Women's Correctional Facility. This isa high-security prison that houses 1500 women convicted of kidnapping,robbery, and murder. I must say that it is an extremely uninviting place. WhenI was given this assignment, I was somewhat apprehensive, and I can honestlysay that I am still quite frightened as I approach the main gate. My knees are a little wobbly, and my stomach is full of butterflies.Bell SoundI am now walking down Cell Block A. Each cell is approximately ten feet byeight and contains four small beds with thin blankets, no pillows or sheets, a metal sink, and an open toilet. Each tiny cell is the home for four women. The walls have numerous cracks and layers of paint chipping, and look as though they have not been painted in decades. There seems to be little fresh air or sunlight. The women all look sad and bored. Walking down the block, the strong smell of disinfectant is almost overpowering. This is definitely not the kind of place someone would want to be sent to.Bell SoundNow I am in the prison cafeteria. While I have been instructed not to speak with any of the prisoners, I am allowed to observe them while they are eating.The cafeteria has ten long tables with twenty women seated around each one on low uncomfortable-looking wooden benches. The menu for lunch today includes the following: a scoop of gray, lumpy mashed potatoes, a small piece of overcooked chicken, and a hunk of stale-looking bread. Fresh fruit andvegetables are nowhere to be seen. Needless to say, there is no salt, pepper, or other condiments available to the women, and they are not permitted to use knives or forks. Water is the only beverage available. It is safe to say that the focal being served is not healthy, and I wonder how these women are able to maintain their strength and health.Vicky: The Multiple Organic Diner? Emily, do you really want to eat in this hole in the wall?- Larry: Now, Vicky, Emily is trying to help us get back into shape. Besides, this place doesn't look so bad. It's a little dark maybe, but I'm sureit's clean.Emily: That's the spirit. Let's take that table over there.Vicky: I suppose there's no smoking allowed in here.Emily: Of course not, big sister. This is a health food restaurant. Besides, I thought you said you were going to kick the habit.Vicky: Well, Emily, I've tried. But, every time I stop smoking, I gain ten pounds. I don't think I'll ever be able to give up smoking.Emily: But you'll feel so much better when you do! I've been eating well and exercising every day. I run two miles every other day and playtennis every Sunday. I feel wonderful and everybody tells me Ia look great.Larry: Yeah, Vicky, I think Emily is right. By the way, where's the waiter?I'd like to order a drink before we eat.Emily: Larry, it's only three o'clock in the afternoon. Besides, health food restaurants don't serve alcohol.Vicky: Wait a minute, Larry. I thought we agreed that you'd stop drinking if I quit smoking.Emily: I think you should both quit. Doesn't this restaurant make you want to start living a healthy life? Why, just look at this menu.Everything they serve here is natural and nutritious.Larry: Never mind nutritious. What are the burgers like? I'm starving! Emily: Oh, Larry. You must know that hamburgers have a lot of fat and are high in calories.Vicky: And the doctor told you that you have to lower your cholesterol and lose at least 25 pounds. Smoking isn't the only way to have aheart attack early in life, you know. I'm your wife and I'm tooyoung to dress all in black!Larry: Don't worry, dear, I'm not going to die any time soon. Besides, I'm going to start my new diet on Monday.Emily: That's great, Larry, but I think the only real way to lose weight is to eat less and exercise more.Vicky: I agree with Emily. All you have to do is stop eating desserts and fried foods and no more alcohol.Larry: You know, maybe you're right. Emily can help me plan a diet. Emily: And don't forget the exercise. Why don't you two come running with me. I'd love to have the company and we could play tennistogether, too.Vicky: No, running hurts my knees. I think swimming would be the best exercise for me.Larry: Well, I don't like swimming or running. But, I would like to get back into playing handball. I was a really good player when I wasyounger.Emily: Well, the important thing is that you two make some serious changes in your lifestyle. I'm really glad you're doing this. Now,let's celebrate your decision by ordering a nice tall glass of carrot-onion juice.Vicky andLarry: Carrot-onion juice? !?Emily: Of course! It's chock full of vim and vitality! It's rich in vitamins and minerals. There's vitamin C, B, and of course A for the eyes. Larry: Wait a minute. Our diet doesn't start until Monday, If we're going to do any celebrating, I say we should go over to the Burger Palaceand have a real celebration.1.cottage cheese, sliced tomato, six spears of asparagus, and a cup offresh pineapple. black with no sugar2. salmon and a baked potato3. turkeysandwich on whole wheat, mayonnaise, a glass of iced tea with two sugars,4. some oatmeal and a banana, have a slice of apple pie for dessert,5. two cookies and a glass of milkGary: Well, here we are in L.A. Where shall we go first? Let's look at the . map.Don: We've never been to the Grand Canyon in Arizona...Gary: Okay. Let's go there.Don: I hear it's the most beautiful place on earth. It's over 300 miles long, and the Colorado River goes right through it.Gary: I wonder if we can go down into the canyon.Don: Sure. They have all sorts of trips and tours. We can even take a small plane ride into the canyon.Gary: That sounds great.Don: All right then, the first stop is the Grand Canyon. Let's be sure to call and make reservations at the campground. I'm sure the ArizonaTourist Service will help us. How long should we stay?Garya We want to do some hiking in the canyon and boating on the Colorado River. How does three days sound?Don: That sounds about right. Where do we go from there?Gary: How about heading north? It starts to boil in the southwest in the summer.Don: Then let's head up to Wyoming and camp a few days in the Yellowstone National Park.Gary: Great. We can crash' for one night in Salt Lake City, Utah, on the way.Don: Salt Lake City, Utah?Gary: Yeah, I heard it's an interesting city. And it's on the way to Yellowstone.Don: Okay. So, we'll go north through Salt Lake City up to Yellowstone.I've always dreamed of camping under the stars in Wyoming. And,of course, seeing Old Faithful in Yellowstone.Gary: Old Faithful? Is that the place where hot water shoots into the air every hour or so?@Don: Uh-huh, Old Faithful geyser. It's supposed to be really exciting to watch.Gary: What else is there to do?Don: We can go horseback riding, hiking, and fishing on Lake Yellowstone. Also, if we go all the way out to some of the remoteparts of the park, we can look for bears and other wild animals.Gary: Ooh, that sounds a little scary.Don: Yeah, but exciting. Let's plan to stay three days. Hey, it's not that far east from Yellowstone to Mt. Rushmore in South Dakota.Gary: Is that the place where that artist carved the whole side of themountain and made it into the shape of the heads of fourpresidents?Gary: Are you sure that's in South Dakota? I thought Mt. Rushmore is in North Dakota.Don: No, it's in South Dakota.Gary: Can we camp near there, or do we have to spring for a hotel?Don: No, we won't have to spend money on hotels until we hit a big city.I'm sure we can camp somewhere'~hearby.Gary: Should we plan to stay one night?Don: That sounds about right.Gary: Where to next?Don: Let's go to Minnesota. Uncle Leo and Aunt Dora now live in Minneapolis. They have a big house. I'm sure they'd put usup. Minnesota is one of the most beautiful states in the country. Ithas thousands of lakes, plus the Mississippi River.Gary: Yeah, and it has great theater and dance, and the Minnesota Orchestra is one of the best in the entire country.Don: Maybe we should stay four days to make sure we see everything. Gary: Good idea. And from Minnesota, we can go down through Wisconsin into Illinois to Chicago. It'sounds like a really great city;it's right on Lake Michigan.Don: Chicago is known for its music; especially jazz. I want to go to ajazz club every night.Gary: I really want to walk around Chicago and look at the architecture.My engineering teacher told me the buildings in the city areincredibly beautiful to look at. Why don't we make hotelreservations for three nights.Don: That sounds about right. So, what's our itinerary?Gary: Let's see. From L.A. we go to Arizona; then Utah, Wyoming, South Dakota, Minnesota, and finally, Chicago, Illinois.Don: Do you think we can do all of this in two and a half weeks? We'vegot to get back in time for registration.Gary: No problem. The way you burn rubber on the highway, we'll getfrom Chicago to L.A. in half a day!Don: Ha, ha, ha! I think we'll need to count on at least four days for the return trip.Gary: This sounds like the perfect vacation.Don: Yeah, now all we have to do is figure out how to pay for it!Reiko: Excuse me. I need to interview someone for my Communications Skills class. Could I ask you questions? It will only be a fewminutes.Reiko: do you have a lot of midterm tests that you are studying for?Kitty: I sure do. I have two tests next Tuesday that I haven't had time tobegin studying for.Kitty: Don't worry. I can talk to you for a few minutes. Please, ask me your questions.Reiko: Thank you. I will try to hurry. Please tell me first, are you a full- time or part-time student?Kitty: I'm just taking classes part time.Reiko: You are part-time. So, you are working now?Kitty: No, I'm a student. A part-time student.Reiko: Yes. Sorry. I mean do you have a job?Kitty: I'm a receptionist at a downtown law firm.Reiko: What is your major? Are you studying law?Kitty: Oh no. I don't want to be a lawyer. I'm working on a certificate in retail floristry.Reiko: Retail floristry?Kitty: No, it's pronounced retail floristry.Reiko: And, you are getting a certificate, not a degree. How long does it take to get this certificate?Kitty: The program takes about a year for most people, but at the rate I'm going, it will probably take me three.Reiko: What attracted you to this field?Kitty: Well, I've always really enjoyed working with flowers and having gardens, so I started taking some courses because someday I'd liketo open my own flower shop. UFS has a really good reputation forits retail floristry department. That's why I decided to start takingclasses here. I'm sorry; was I speaking too quickly? Did my answermake sense?Kitty: No. I've just always had a green thumb and loved working with plants and flowers.Reiko: And, could you tell me what kinds of jobs are possible for someone with a major in retail floristry?Kitty: Well, in the beginning, you could work as a salesperson in aflower shop or a designer depending on your skill level.Reiko: I'm sorry; could you explain what you mean by designer?Kitty: That's someone who designs and arranges flowers. Flower arranging is practically an art form, especially in some Asiancountries like Japan. Do you know what I mean?Reiko: I think you are talking abc~t Ikebana.Reiko: Ikebana.Kitty: Yes. You might also be able to get a job in a nursery, where you'd grow large numbers of plants from seedlings, maybe develop newand stronger species, and, of course, help gardeners with theireveryday needs and problems.Reiko: That sounds very interesting. Do you like the program in retail floristry here at UFS?Kitty: . I'm just taking two classes this semester, and I'macing both of them. oReiko: You are lucky. My classes are difficult.Kitty: Well, it's easier for me. You see, I already have a degree, so I'm used to the amount of work. It's not like I'm starting college forthe first time.Reiko: I understand. Please tell me, what do you think are some of the most helpful courses in your program?Kitty: Definitely the design classes because that's really what this major is all about. Also, the identification courses, where you can learn thenames of the plants and flowers. That is really crucial if you aregoing to work in a shop or work with flowers.Reiko: Yes, it would be. For my next question, please tell me what kind of related subjects would help somebody studying retail floristry?@Kitty: There are other courses in the horticulture department which would be beneficial, such as landscape design or nurseryoperation. Also, maybe courses in art, art history, or evenarchitectural design would help. If you're trying to create anartistic floral arrangement to go in a particular room or with aparticular painting, it would probably be useful to have someknowledge of art and architecture.Reiko: That is very interesting. Now, what is the best part of the UFS program in retail floristry?Kitty: I think the practical experience you get working with the flowersis the best part of the program. Part of the time is lecture, but youalso spend three hours designing arrangements and critiquingthem with your classmates. It's really important to have time towork with the flowers and then critique your arrangement and get feedback from the instructor and from everybody else in the class.The practical experience is really wonderful.Reiko: And, what about the worst part? What would you say is the worst part of the program?Kitty: I guess I'd have to say it's the memorization. A lot of the work involved with plant and flower identification is just strict memorization. You have to constantly practice the botanicalnames, saying them and learning what they mean so that you'llknow them by the end of the course. There are really so manydifficult Latin names. It's not something you can just study rightbefore a test.Reiko: Yes, but Latin is so difficult! I have one more question: Do you think your major is one that a foreign student would be able tohandle?Kitty: Yes, I think so. I do know, however, that some of the foreignstudents in my classes have been having trouble following theinstructor because of the language difficulties. But, if they gotsome help from English-speaking classmates, or, perhaps if theinstructor had some assistants available to help them, I think theycould do it. I'm not saying they would breeze through the class,but, with hard work and help, I'm sure they'd be successful., Reporter: And now we'll switch to highlights of last night's debate between the city's two candidates for mayor, Bella Porterand Dan Shmankie. The debate lasted more than an hourand was at times rather loud and contentious. The crowdinterrupted the speakers several times showing their strong disagreement.Here's what the candidates had to say on some of the issues.The first point that was hotly debated was in response to aquestion regarding the current homelessness problem in ourcity. Bella Porter, who has been active in city politics forover a decade and is currently serving as president of thecity council, answered the question first.B. Porter: I feel that Mr. Shmankie's solution to the homeless problem is to sweep it under the rug. Mr. Shmankie believes thatputting the homeless in jail will solve the problem. If wedon't see homeless people sleeping on our streets, theproblem doesn't exist, right? Wrong!Mr. Shmankie appears to be more concerned with thecomfort of tourists and visitors to our city than withactually helping some of our poorest and neediest citizens.A night in jail will not help a homeless person get his or herlife back together. We need to provide real job training forthese people in addition to affordable housing and medicalservices.Reporter: Dan Shmankie, a local businessman for over twenty years, then gave his response to the homeless question.D. Shmankie: As usual, Councilwoman Porter's solution to any problem is to throw money at it. The people we see on the streets arefor the most part lazy drunks or drug addicts who don'twant to get a job and contribute to society. We hear storiesevery day from good hard-working citizens who areconstantly harassed by panhandlers who come up to themand demand spare change. People have been attacked in@front of stores and waiting in their cars at stop lights. Storeowners are losing business because dirty, scary-lookingpeople are sitting with their shopping carts and sleepingbags in front of their stores. We need to feel safe on ourstreets again. These people don't need programs. They needa kick in the pants!Reporter: The two candidates also had very different opinions concerning education:Shmankie: Once again Ms. Porter seems to believe that money will fix all problems. Our schools do not need more money. Theyneed teachers who can get the job done. In the last fiveyears we have seen student test scores plummet and I blamethe teachers.Now hear me out. Some of my best friends are teachers. Icertainly know of many hard-working and dedicatedteachers who deserve our respect. But we need to thinkabout education more like a business. If you are thepresident of a company that builds cars and half of thesecars have serious problems, would you give your workershigher salaries and bettJ'benefits? Of course not. What weneed to do is to make sure that our teachers receive raises ifand only if their students get higher test scores. And forthose teachers who fail to get results, we need to replacethem with teachers who can get the job done.Porter:Here's a news flash for you Mr. Shmankie. Education is not a business. We are not cranking out cars on an assembly line;five per hour, one blue, one re& one green--each oneexactly the same as the last. Education is a completelydifferent process. We are preparing our young people tobecome productive citizens capable of making intelligentchoices in life. Each student we serve has different needs.Our teachers are doing the best they can with overcrowdedclassrooms, limited resources: and little community support.Do you realize that most teachers cannot afford to live inthis city because their salaries are so low? I hear storiesevery day about teachers who spend their own money onsupplies such as chalk and paper because the school districtdoes not have the funds to supply these basic needs. Ourbiggest problem is that we lose many of our finest teacherseach year because of the poor working conditions and lowsalaries. Mr. Shmankie, we don't need to fire more teachers.We need to raise salaries so that we can find the best andbrightest people.Reporter: The next topic covered was the issue of affordable housing. Shmankie: Last time I checked we were living in a free country. In a free country, buyers and sellers have choices. If a buyer doesnot agree with the price, he or she can go to a differentstore. Even if the price is ridiculously high, the governmentdoes not step in and demand that the seller lower his or herprice. Why, then, do people such as Ms. Porter insist that@city government try to control how much landlords chargefor rents? Rent control is downright un-American!If you don't want to pay what the landlord wants to charge,you are free to took somewhere else.Porter:Mr. Shmankie, with all due respect, have you lost yourmind? Are you saying that anyone who advocates rentcontrol or supports other laws that protect people is a badAmerican? Give me a break! Are you aware that in the lastthree years 56 percent of the poor and elderly in this cityhave been forced to leave their apartments because theycouldn't afford to keep up with skyrocketing rent increases?In many cases, this has contributed to the very serioushomeless problem we just discussed. We need rent controlin this town to protect everybody's right to affordablehousing. What's un-American about that, Mr. Shmankie?My fellow Americans, the state of our union is the strongest it has ever been.As always, the real credit belongs to the American people. My gratitude alsogoes to those of you in Congress who have worked with me to help achieve this great success. We have accomplished many things, but we still have a lot ofwork to do to make our nation a better place for all its citizens.Tonight I would I like to share with you some of my ideas, which I hope youwill support.First and foremost, we need a revolution in education, guided by our faith thatevery single child can learn. Because education is the key to our children's@future, we must make sure all our children have that key. That means qualitypre-school and after-school programs, the best trained teachers in theclassroom, and college opportunities for all our children.We know that children learn best in smaller classes with good teachers. For twoyears in a row, Congress has supported my plan to hire 100,000 new qualified teachers to lower class size in the early grades. I thank you for that, and I askyou to make it three years in a row. And to make sure all teachers know thesubjects they teach, tonight I propose a new teacher quality initiative--torecruit more talented people into the classroom, reward good teachers forstaying there, and give all teachers the training they need.Bell SoundSecondly, we need a revolution to reward work and strengthen families, bygiving every parent the tools to succeed at work and at the most importantwork of all--raising "children. That means making sure every family hashealthcare and the support to care for aging parents, the tools to bring their children up right, and that no child grows up in poverty.There are still more than 40 million of our fellow Americans without health insurance. Tonight I propose that we make low-income parents eligible for the insurance that covers their children. Together with our children's initiative, this action would enable us to cover nearly a quarter of all the uninsured people in America.Bell SoundThird, we cannot enjoy a just and fair society until men and women get equal pay for equal work. Today, the female unemployment rate is the lowest it has been in 46 years. Yet, women still only earn about 75 cents for every dollar men earn. We must do better, by providing the resources to enforce present equal pay laws; training more women for high-paying, high-tech jobs; and passing the Paych~k Fairness Act.Bell SoundIn a related issue, many working parents spend up to a quarter of their income on childcare. Last year, we helped parents provide childcare for about 2 million children. My childcare initiative, before you now, along with funds already secured in welfare reform, would make child care better, safer, and more affordable for another 400,000 children. I ask you to pass that. We should also expand the childcare tax credit. And I believe strongly we should take the next big step and make that tax credit refundable for low-income families. For people making under $30,000 a year, that could mean up to $2,400 for childcare costs. You know, we all say we're pro-work and pro-family. Passing this proposal would prove it!Bell Sound@Finally, I'd like to discuss an issue that is very important to all Americans. t you know, crime in America has dropped for the past seven years--that's t) longest decline on record--thanks to stronger community police, sensible gm safety laws, and effective prevention. But nobody--nobody here, nobody i America--believes we're safe enough. So again, I ask you to set a higher goa Let's make this country the safest big country in the world.We must strengthen our gun laws and enforce those already on the book,, Every state in this country already requires hunters and automobile drivers t have a license. I think they ought to do the same thing for handgun purchase,, Now, specifically, I propose a plan to ensure that all new handgun buyers mus first have a photo license from their state showing they passed a backgrounq check and a gun-safety course before they get the gun. I hope you'll help m, pass that in this Congress.In conclusion, this is a great nation. We are young and strong and have man) great ideas. And as long as our dreams are strong and we continue to wort together, America will be forever young. That is our destiny. And this is ou~ moment.。
(完整word版)研究生英语听说教程(第三版)听力原文
Have you wished you were better at making a conversation? A great conversationalist is someone who connects with people and makes them feel important. When they talk to you, they make you feel like you're the only person in the room.Becoming a good conversationalist requires knowing three things: first, how to start a conversation; second, how to keep it going; and third, how to end it.Starting a conversation usually means coming up with an opening line or ice breaker. The best kind of ice breaker is one that's positive. A compliment is always a good ice breaker and will usually be appreciated. Any news event is a good ice breaker. The fact is, any opening line will do, as long as it's not negative, and as long as it's not a lie. The best way to entice a person to have a conversation with you is by being sincere and respectful, and letting them know that you are interested in talking to them.Once you've got a conversation going, the best way to keep it going is by asking the other person questions that don't require just a yes or no answer. Ask questions similar to those a reporter might ask to draw a person out; who, what, when, where, why and how questions. You keep asking questions based on the last thing a person says. This is called the "elaboration technique". Once you hit on something you find interesting, keep asking questions in order to get the person to elaborate about the topic as much as possible. A good conversationalist elaborates on the experiences they've had. Instead of saying the party was fun, tell why it was fun. Describe why you had a good time—who was there, what happened, where it was, and how people arranged the party. Go into detail. Description is the best form of communication because it keeps people's interest up and stimulates them.If you started a conversation with another person, and you're having difficulty ending it, there are several signals you can send to the other person that will bring the conversation to its close without hurting anyone's feelings.Breaking eye contact is a discreet signal that the conversation is about to end. Another way to signal is to use transition words like well, or at any rate. You may want to recap all that was said. Whatever you do, don't lie to the other person. If you're not interested in talking to them again, don't mention the possibility of a future meeting just to be polite. That's hypocritical. Instead, you may want to say, "Nice meeting you." And then, leave.Finally, be sure to give the other person a good, firm handshake. The final impression you make can be just as important as the initial one you made.First StoryMy husband and I met in high school. During our senior year, we studies biology together. We talked and laughed a lot during class. One Friday, we Joked that we should go on a date that night. At first, I didn't know if he was serious. He didn't know if I was joking. That night I put on a new dress and waited. He had a more difficult time. He had to knock on the door without knowing if I would be ready or not. But he knocked, and I was ready! That was our first date. This year, we celebrated our fortieth wedding anniversary'Second StoryMy husband and I met one day at an airport. It was Christmas day. I was picking up my friend Bernd. He was coming from Germany to spend the holidays with my family. While we were waiting for his luggage, I heard a man speaking in Italian. I decided to say something to him because I speak Italian.I said, "Buon Natale" which means, "Merry Christmas!" When I spoke in Italian, he said, "Mama mia! Why do you speak Italian? Who are you?" He asked me for my phone number. He called me the next day, and we dated for a year. Then we got married. So be careful who you talk to in the airport!Third StoryMy wife and I met through our parents. Our parents arranged our marriage. Before we got married, my wife and I wanted to meet. Our parents arranged our first meeting in a restaurant. That night, we talked about ourselves and what we wanted in our lives. We talked for hours. We shared our hopes and dreams. After a while, we decided that our parents were right! And we got married.Fourth StoryMy wife and 1 met through a matchmaker. I'm an engineer, and in my field, most people are men. I couldn't meet any women at work. So one day I saw an advertisement for a matchmaking service, and I decided to call. The matchmaker introduced me to many nice women. I enjoyed meeting them, but I didn't meet anyone I wanted to marry. Finally, she introduced me to my wife. I decided not to date any other women because I liked her very much. We enjoyed the same things, and we laughed a lot together. We also had the same goals and values in life. My wife and I were married six years ago, and now we have two children. I'm glad I picked up the phone and called that matchmaker!Among married couples in the U.S., one finds a wide range of living patterns. Some older couples still have traditional marriages, with the man as breadwinner and the woman as homemaker. But most younger women today are not content to be full-time homemakers. The women's liberation movement, which swept the country in the 1960s, changed attitudes and behavior forever. Today's young American woman wants marriage, but she also wants her own identity. She wants what men have always had—a marriage that is important but still allows time to pursue individual goals. The maJority of American wives, even those with children, work outside the home- As a result, the older idea that housework, cooking, and child care are "women's work" is being discarded. In the contemporary American marriage, the husband and wife share both financial and domestic responsibilities.Sharing money-making and housekeeping responsibilities provides a better life for the family. Of course, problems can develop in the two-income family if the husband expects his working wife to be the perfect homemaker that his stay-at-home mother was- Also, there may be arguments if the wife expects her husband to help with household chores, but he is unwilling to do so. In most families, the working wife probably still handles the largest share of the housework, cooking, and child care. but she gets some help from her husband.The contemporary American marriage is also characterized by a relationship of equality and shared decision making. Most American women today will not tolerate a husband who considers himself the boss. The American girl is given freedom and education equal to a boy's. After completing her education, she is able to get a job and support herself. She does not need to marry for financial security. She is self-sufficient and will not accept a submissive role in marriage. When husband and wife are able to share decision making and respect each other's viewpoints, their marriage is probably closer than those of past generations. When they battle for dominance, they're likely to end up in divorce court.“Ring out the old, ring in the new,” wrote Alfred, Lord Tennyson, the nineteenth-century English poet. And that's exactly what Americans do every December 31. New Year's Eve is a time for noise and fun- At home or in restaurants, most Americans drink and dine with friends- At midnight on New Year's Eve, bells ring, horns blow, and friends toast each other with champagne. It's also customary to exchange kisses. New Year's Eve festivities often continue until two or three o'clock in the morning. Many people travel from one party to another to celebrate with several different groups of friends The country's most crowded New Year's Eve celebration takes place in New York City's Times Square. Since 1907, the famous ball-lowering ceremony has been a holiday highlight. To celebrate the arrival of the year 2000, an estimated 2 million people crowded into Times Square, and hundreds of million viewed the scene on TV The huge, 1,070-pound lighted crystal ball began its descent from a 77-foot flagpole at 11:59 p.m. and reached the bottom at exactly midnight. Simultaneously, confetti, balloons, and fireworks brightened the night sky. It was the biggest public event ever held in the city.What do Americans do on New Year's Day? Many sleep late because they stayed up all night long. Many watch TV which offers spectacular parades and football games between champion college teams. From ancient times to the present. New Year's customs have been connected with saying good-bye to the past and looking forward to a better future. Therefore, New Year's Day often inspires people to start new programs and give up bad habits. Some people make New Year's resolutions. People talk about "turning over a new leaf", referring to a clean, blank page or a fresh start. Typical New Year's resolutions are to spend less money, give up smoking, begin a diet, or be nicer to others. It's safe to assume that about half of them are forgotten by January 31'It was a cool autumn evening. Mrs. Brown was sitting in her living room, reading. Suddenly, there was a loud knock on her door, then two or three more knocks. Mrs. Brown put the safety chain on her door. Then she opened the door a little and looked out. There stood three children wearing masks and costumes. When they saw her, they all shouted, "Trick or treat! Money or eats!"Mrs, Brown dropped a candy bar into each child's bag."Thanks for the candy," shouted the children as they ran off to ring another doorbell-"You're welcome," said Mrs. Brown. "Have fun, and don't play any pranks."Every year on October 31. Halloween scenes like this occur throughout the USA. American children love to dress up in costumes and go trick-or-treating. If an adult refuses to supply a treat—candy, cookies, fruit, or money— the children may play a trick. Typical Halloween pranks are soaping windows, writing on doors with crayons, overturning garbage cans, sticking pins into doorbells to keep them ringing, throwing raw eggs, and spraying shaving cream on cars and friends.Halloween is celebrated by nearly all American children, and over 70% of adults also participate in some Halloween activity. College students and other young adults may attend masquerade parties or Halloween parades. Many families carve pumpkins and decorate the outside of their homes with the traditional Halloween symbols. Businesses get into the act, too. Store windows display jack-o'-lanterns, scarecrows, and witches. Servers in restaurants and salespeople in supermarkets and bookstores are often in costume. Many nightclubs and bars encourage customers to come in costume by offering prizes for the best disguisesUINT 4 PART 31. W: Some people say that many TV programs are silly, meaningless, or a waste of time. What do youthink of them, Jim?M: It seems to me that some important social issues—like drugs, divorce and so on—are dealt with fairly realistically and a lot of honest talks can be heard in these programs.Q: What does the man think of the TV programs?2. W: How was the lecture yesterday?M: Well... It was a complete drag.W: How come? Many students seem to be interested inJohnson's lecture.M: But the one yesterday was the pits. It bored me to tears.Q: How does the man think about the lecture yesterday?3. W: Frank, what do you think about your college life?M: Generally speaking, my college years are exciting and rewarding, but they are certainly not easy or carefree. Just about all college students face the pressure of making important career decisions and some anxiety about examinations and grades.Q: What does the man think about his college life?4. W: Wow! This is a marvelous room! Whose idea was it to decorate the room like this?M: It was Jane's.W: I never knew she was good at this. She must be very art-conscious.Q: What does the woman think about Jane now?5. W: I've been reading a lot lately about the issue of women's rights, and I find that is a very hot topicnow.M: It depends on which magazine or paper you read. If it's a women's magazine, just about every article has that as a topic in one way or another.Q: What is the man's response to the woman's saying?6. M: Ann, it's good to see you back. Do you remember when we were kids, we used to go swimmingtogether?W: Yeah. I sure do. I really love this town and I have a lot of good memories from here.M: I want to tell you that we take a lot of pride in the gold medal you won and we are behind you one hundred percent.Q: What does the man think of the woman?7. W: How are you doing since you retired four months ago?M; I thought it would be wonderful to be retired. I have looked forward to this day for thirty years, but now I'm considering volunteering.Q: What does the man feel about his retired days?8. W: Well, it seems that Frank has become quite a famous painter.M: Has he? You know I'm a professional artist myself and I question how much talent Frank has. Q: What conclusion can be drawn from the man's comments?UINT 14 SECTION A1、Miyoko: Hi, Wendy!Wendy: Hello.Miyoko: What's wrong? Are you sick?Wendy: Yeah. I have a really bad headache.Miyoko: Oh. I'm sorry- You want some aspirin?Wendy: No thanks. I'm just gonna go to bed and rest.2、Lisa: Hey girl. What's up?Leslie: Not much. What about you?Lisa: Nuthin' special. Hey, are you okay?Leslie: Yeah. I guess I'm Just really sore from going to the climbing gym yesterday.Lisa: Me, too' 1 guess we overdid it. My back is sore, and 1 have a stiff neck.Leslie: Next time, we'd better stretch after we exercise!Lisa: Yes! Good idea.3、Professor Chavez: Hi, Tony. How are you?Tony: Not so good, Professor Chavez. I think I'm coming down with a bad cold.Professor Chavez: Really? What's wrong?Tony: Well, I have a stuffy nose and a cough.Professor Chavez: Do you have a fever? You look a little warm.Tony: Maybe. I feel kinda hot.Professor Chavez: Tony, you should go home and go to bed- You might have the flu that's been going around.Tony: OK. That sounds like a good idea.Professor Chavez: Remember to drink lots of juice and get lots of rest. I hope you feel better soon!4、Stephanie: Hello?Mom: Stephanie, it's Mom.Stephanie: Hi, Mom.Mom: I just called to. see how you were feeling.Stephanie: Thanks, Mom. Actually, I still have a fever.Mom: Did you take some medicine?Stephanie: Yeah. It's helping.Mom: What about your stomach? Is it still bothering you?Stephanie: Yeah-1 still feel sick to my stomach.Mom; Oh honey, I'm sorry. Is there anything I can do?Stephanie: No thanks, Mom. I feel better just talking to you.5、Brian: Erica, I found that report we were looking for.Erica: Great! Let's take a look at it. Brian: Achoooo!Erica: Oh, Brian, are you still not feeling well?Brian: Yeah. This morning I felt better, but now my head hurts.Erica: Are you getting enough sleep?Brian: 1 slept a lot last night, but I still feel tired.Erica: Listen,Brian. I can handle things here today. Why don't you go home and rest? We can finish this project tomorrow. There's no hurry.Brian: Thanks, Erica. I might just do that.6、Doug; Jenny, wait up!Jenny: Doug! I'm glad to see you. 1 wanted to tell you how much fun I had last weekend.Doug: Yeah. We enjoyed it too. We always enjoy hiking in the mountains. Unfortunately, Mary and I are both scratching like crazy.Jenny; Oh no. Poison oak?Doug: I'm afraid so. We both have a rash on our legs.Jenny: Oh, Doug. That's too bad. Doug: Yeah. We feel really itchy.Jenny: Oh no. we had such a nice day together'Doug: Yeah. We had a good time, too. Next time we'll be more careful1、Doctor: Hello, MicheUe. I'm Dr. Benson.MicheUe: Hi.Doctor: How are you feeling today?Michelle: Not so good.Doctor: Well, what seems to be the problem?Michelle; I have a bad cold.Doctor: I can hear that. How long have you had it?Michelle: About three weeks- Every time I think it's going away, I get sick again.Doctor: OK, Michelle. I'm going to examine you now.2、Doctor: Michelle, we didn't find an infection. That's good. That means that you only have abad cold. That means that you don't need to take any medicine. But I know that youdon't feel very well. I want to ask you some questions, all right?MicheUe: OK.Doctor: Has school been very difficult lately?Michelle: Well . . . not really. I've been drinking a lot of coffee to stay up late to study.Doctor: What about exercise? Have you been able to get any exercise during midterm exam?Michelle: No. I've been studying so much I haven't had time.Doctor: Well, Michelte. It sounds to me as though you've been studying so much that you haven't given your body a chance to get better. When you're sick, you need to payattention to your body. I'm going to give some advice. If you follow my advice, you'llstart to feel better soon. OK?Michelle; OK.Doctor: Well, first, you must sleep more. You need to get at least seven or eight hours of sleep every night. You cannot study well if you don't get enough sleep –Michelle: I know.Doctor: Next, you have to eat better. Your body cannot work well if you don't give it good food.Try to eat more vegetables and fruits. And limit your coffee to two cups a day. Michelle: OK.Doctor: Finally, you should exercise more. Try to exercise at least three times per week. It doesn't have to be running or aerobics. Walking is an excellent exercise and is easy todo. Michelle: All right.Doctor: Any questions?Michelle: So you think I should sleep more, eat better, and exercise more. If I do those things, I'll feel better?Doctor: And you won't get sick as often, Michelle.Michelle: Thanks a lot. Doctor.Doctor: You're very welcome, Michelle. Take care.Most people know that exercise is important. But many people don't exercise. In this announcement you will hear the five most common reasons why people don't exercise. You will also hear some easy solutions.The first problem? No time. "I don't have any time to exercise. I'm too busy." But you don't need a lot of time to exercise. Short periods of exercise are just as good as long periods of exercise. The solution? You should take two or three short walks every day. For example, ten minutes in the morning, ten minutes at lunch, and ten minutes after dinner.Next, money. "I don't have money to go to a gym. 1 don't have money to buy expensive shoes." No problem. You don't have to spend money to exercise. All you need is a street and comfortable clothes. Our solution? Walk. Don't drive. For instance, walk to the store, to the library, to the bank. Walking is free and easy.The third most common reason is bad weather. "It's raining. It's too hot. It's snowing." Here's a solution. Exercise inside. For example, turn on some music. Dance. Or clean the house. You can go to the shopping mall and walk fast.Fourth, people say they're tired. "I'm too tired to exercise. I'll exercise when I have more energy." But exercise gives you energy. Most people feel too tired because they don't exercise. The solution? Exercise every day. Take a walk. Go for a bike ride. Run around the block. You'll feel great! And you won't feel tired.Finally, some people feel embarrassed. "I feel silly exercising. I don't have a great body." Listen to this solution: Don't feel bad; you should feel great! You're taking care of your body. Little by little, you will feel better. Just do it!You have heard the five reasons why people don't exercise. More importantly, you have heard five solutions to overcome these problems. Now that you have heard this message, go out and exercise! Good luck.。
研究生英语听力原文
一单元1、Jack:I'm going to rent some videos for the holiday.Jim,could you recommend something really exciting to me,say some suspense films that willsurprise,and keep me jumping and guessing?Jim:Have you seen the film Seven,Jack?Jack:No,but I've heard people say that it is one of the darkest,most intense films they've ever seen.Jim:Yes,it's certainly not for those with a delicate stomach,but it's one of the most suspenseful I've seen.The twists and turns in this movie aresurprising,and it's a movie that keeps you guessing.Jack:I think I'll like it.I hate those that are too easy to figure out!Jim:What's more,it has an all-star cast that includes Brad Pitt and Morgan Freeman.They star as two detectives investigating a series of killings inwhich the murderer kills people committing the seven deadly sins.Thetwo must try to stop the killer before he completes his masterpiece ofseven killings.The climax of this film comes unexpectedly and isextremely dark.This is a movie that you can enjoy several times and seesomething new each time.Jack:Great!I think a truly great suspense film has to intrigue a person not only the first time,but every time it's seen.What else would you recommend?Jim:No suspense list would be complete without adding an Alfred Hitchcock film to the mix.My favorite is Rear Window.If you've never seen thismovie,the word"why"comes to mind!Hitchcock is at his best with thissuspenseful tale of a wheelchair-bound photographer who is consumed bythe actions of his neighbors across the courtyard.When those actionsappear to become murderous...Jack:Stop!Don't tell me everything.Let me find out for myself.Actually I'm also a great fan of Hitchcock's films.In my opinion,Psycho is the ultimatethriller.It details the story of Norman Bates who assumes the identity ofhis dead mother and proceeds to kill anyone whom he finds sexuallyattractive or threatening.It's a true masterpiece from start to finish.Jim:I've seen that one,too.I really like thrillers.I guess I like to be scared.杰克：我打算租一些假期的视频。
研究生英语听力原文
If you're invited to an American friend's home for dinner,keep in mind these general rules for polite behavior.First of all,arrive approximately on time(but not early).Americans expect promptness. Being a few minutes late might give the host more time to get dressed or finish preparing the dinner,so it's OK to be10 or15minutes late but not45minutes late. Dinner might be overcooked and ruined by then.When you're invited to someone's home for a meal,it's polite to bring a small gift.Flowers or candies are always appropriate.If you have an attractive item made in your native country,your host would certainly enjoy receiving that as a gift.If you are served some food that you don't like or can't eat,don't make a fuss about it.If your host doesn't say anything about what you aren't eating,then you shouldn't,either.Simply eat what you can and hope that no one notices what you left. If you are questioned,you may have to admit that you don't eat meat(or whatever),but you can also say that you've enjoyed the other foods and have had"more than enough"to eat.Don't make the host feel obliged to prepare something else for you.Be sure to compliment the host on the food that you enjoyed.Don't leave immediately after dinner,but don't overstay your welcome,either. When your friend seems to be getting tired and running out of conversation,take their behavior as a cue to leave.The next day,call or write a thank-you note to say how much you enjoyed the evening.如果你被邀请到美国朋友的家里吃饭，请记住这些一般的礼貌行为准则。
Unit6(研究生英语听说上)
当代研究生英语(上) 听力原文 B
The Umbrella Man (Part One)I'm going to tell you about a funny thing that happened to my mother and me yesterday evening. Yesterday afternoon, my mother took me to London to see the dentist. After that, we went to a café. When we came out of the café, it was raining. "We must get a taxi," my mother said. Lots of them came by, but they all had passengers inside them.Just then a man came up to us. He was a small man and he was probably seventy or more. He said to my mother politely, "Excuse me." He was under an umbrella which he held high over his head."Yes?" my mother said, very cool and distant."I wonder if I could ask a small favour of you," he said. I saw my mother looking at him suspiciously. She is a suspicious person, my mother. The little man was saying, "I need some help."My mother was staring down at him along the full length of her nose. I wanted to say to her, "Oh mummy, he's a very old man, and he's polite, and he's in some sort of trouble, so be nice to him." But I didn't say anything."I've never forgotten it before," he said."You've never forgotten what?" my mother asked."My wallet," he said. "I must've left it in my other jacket.""Are you asking me to give you money?" my mother said."No, I'm offering you this umbrella to protect you and to keep, if you would give me a pound for my taxi fare just to get me home.""Why don't you walk home?" my mother asked."Oh, I don't think I could manage it. I've gone too far already."The idea of getting an umbrella to shelter was very attractive."It's a lovely silk umbrella," the little man said. "Why don't you take it, madam? It cost me over twenty pounds, but that isn't important because I want to get home." "I don't think it's quite right that I should take an umbrella from you worth twenty pounds. I think I'd better just give you the taxi fare.""No, no, no!" he cried. "I would never accept money from you like that! Take the umbrella, dear lady, and keep the rain off your shoulders."She took out a pound and gave it to the little man. He took it and gave her the umbrella. He said, "Thank you, madam, thank you." Then he was gone.A UFO in My Yard (Part One)It was one a.m. one cold fall night in 1968. I was 21 then, and was coming home from a date. I had just dropped off my girlfriend and was heading back to Franksville, a rural town in Wisconsin. As I turned left to go east on Seven Mile Road, I saw extremely bright lights streaming out from the distance.My heart skipped a beat. What was producing these strange lights visible from a half mile away? I thought it was a house on fire. The lights seemed to emanate from the area where my house was located. My parents and two brothers were probably in bed by now. As I accelerated and turned onto the town street, frantic thoughts ran through my mind. Was the house burning down? Was my family trapped inside?As I raced toward my house, I noticed that the yards of my house and my neighbors' were illuminated as if it were day. Then I saw the source of the strange light. It wasn't a house fire, as I had feared. It was a possibility I would have never anticipated, one that was perhaps even more fearsome than the house fire I had imagined.Hovering motionless only 50 feet above the rooftops was a strange object. Round and silvery, it was approximately 300-400 feet in diameter. In the wake of the hovering enigma, there was an eerie silence. I stuck my head out the driver's side window to get a closer look at what I guessed was some kind of aircraft.It looked made of aluminum, except for two cones that protruded from the top and bottom of the craft's center. Both cones seemed to be made of a glass-like material. The top cone was white, while the bottom cone glowed yellow. White lights circled the yellow cone on the underside of the craft. Each light was about 3-4 feet in diameter.It didn't look like any conventional aircraft I had ever seen. It looked like a flying saucer from a movie. Was this what an alien spaceship truly looked like?I pondered what to do. If I pulled into the driveway I would be putting myself directly beneath the craft. I considered turning the car around and speeding away.U3A Letter from SunderlandAs I exited from the Sunderland train station, fear began to set in. I had justfinished a six-hour plane journey followed by more than four hours on a train, and now I was supposed to find my way to my residence hall with a heavy suitcase. I was alone in a strange country and getting a little scared.At the moment, a cab miraculously appeared before my eyes. The driver swiftly put my luggage in the trunk and asked where I was going. I somehow managed to mumble the address I had been given and we were quickly on our way. I think he asked me where I was from, but his accent was thick and hard to understand. I could have told him that my name was "The United States."Soon my uneasiness subsided and I realized where I was, England. Before now, it had seemed a distant dream. Back in the US, the University of Maine had offered me a scholarship and I had made the decision to spend a semester in the United Kingdom last year and the University of Sunderland was my school of choice.Not only did they have a journalism program, but they would accept my scholarship, making it affordable for me to go. Although I was psyched to leave, I hadn't prepared myself mentally for it when I actually got here.England is a great place. So far everyone has been really friendly and helpful, and there are so many things to do and see here. Although some things are similar to the US, there are some interesting cultural differences.Little things that the locals take for granted seem so strange and foreign to me. It was a few days before I got used to looking right before crossing the street or saying football instead of soccer. Prompts for me to "get in the queue" were met with a blank stare before I realized I was being told to get in line.As fate would have it, I was put into a residence hall. There were also some students in the hall from Canada, Norway and Denmark. We bonded quickly and soon held a party together.The first week here was a whirlwind of trying to complete necessary administrative details like registering with the university, getting a library card and finding the nearest pub. Good news, there's one right around the corner!Classes start on Monday, and I'm ready for them to begin. My only apprehension is that the professors or lecturers will have such thick accents that I won't be able to understand them. The accents here have very thick Scottish influences to them, so some of the locals are a bit hard to understand.One of the things I am most excited about while being here is traveling to other parts of the United Kingdom and Europe. The student center offers many day tripsfor international students. Unlike the US, it's fairly easy to travel in England. The rail system can take you pretty much anywhere you want to go. I can already tell that being here is going to be the experience of a lifetime. Although the decision to go so far away wasn't an easy one, I'm glad to be here and can't wait for the semester ahead.U4Laughter: the Best MedicineThe following is an interview by a TV hostess with Dr. Lee Berk of the Loma Linda School of Public Health in California.W: We've all heard the saying "Laughter is the best medicine." How important is it to our health, Dr. Berk?M: This saying has been scientifically proven! According to our research, laughter strengthens the immune system and lowers the levels of stress hormones ...W: Can you be more specific?M: Well, after a bout of laughter, blood pressure drops to a lower, healthier level than when the laughter began. Dr. William Fry of Stanford University found that "twenty seconds of guffawing gives the heart the same workout as three minutes of hard rowing."W: What else?M: Another year-long study of heart attack victims done at the Oakhurst Health Research Institute in California found that of those patients who spent half an hour a day watching comedy videos, 10 percent had a second heart attack, whereas 30 percent of those who did not watch had a second attack.W: Wow! Laughter is really a good medicine to patients. Can you give us another example?M: Sure! Norman Cousins, editor of the Saturday Review, learned this during a battle with a debilitating illness. He discovered that his condition improved when he enjoyed himself and watched funny movies. Laughing, he wrote, is like inner jogging. It helps us heal by activating the immune system. Many sick people have taken his advice and incorporated humor into their recovery regimen by watching comedies or reading collections of jokes.W: You said Norman learned this? Do we have to learn to laugh?M: Not necessarily. Since laughing is something people can do sitting down,costs no money, and requires no special exercise equipment or skill, it's the perfect workout for anyone who doesn't have the time or desire to participate in a regular fitness program.W: Oh, I see. Do you have such a program to offer to the general public?M: Yes, we do. It's called the Smile Time-Out.W: How does it work?M: It's easy. You take a deep breath, smile, exhale, and say "Aaah" while visualizing all your muscles and cells smiling. Then add to that a memory of a time you felt really good and laughed and laughed.W: What about the situation in which you aren't in a mood to laugh?M: OK, remember, even when you fake a smile or laugh, you get the same physiological benefits as when it's the real thing, because your mind is smart, but your body is stupid and can't tell the difference!W: Great! Ha, ha, ha ... ! I've learned it! And thank you for joining us to talk about laughing.M: My pleasure.U5Difficult NeighboursMost of us have had a conflict, great or small, with a neighbour. Many local organizations that track quarrels between neighbours say such conflicts - about property lines, eyesores, loud stereos, parties, undisciplined children - are on the rise.It is estimated that neighbourhood disputes make up 50 to 60 percent of cases referred to mediation. And the number is growing. A retired judge, Duncan, says sometimes such disputes wind up in court. Some cases are serious, but others border on the ludicrous. He recalls, two neighbours didn't see eye to eye on anything. One was a blue-collar worker, the other a university employee. The university man's tree dropped apples in the other's yard. When they rotted, the blue-collar man threw them back. The university man left the gate to their common driveway open, upsetting his neighbour, who liked it closed. Finally, the blue-collar man bought a plastic model, dressed it in a military uniform and installed it in a window facing his neighbour's house - with right arm raised and middle finger extended. The other man charged him with civil harassment.After hearing both sides, Judge Duncan says, "I told them that this was offensivebehavior and just asked them to work it out on their own. They were both very sheepish, and quickly agreed. They knew the whole thing was silly, but had just gotten beyond their control."Misunderstanding can also cause a dispute. Duncan tells another story. Two women hadn't spoken to each other in nine years, even though they had once been friends. Meanwhile, they had kept the police busy answering complaints that the other's TV was too loud, her car was blocking the driveway or her kids were unruly. Finally the police insisted they submit their dispute to mediation."How did all this start?" asked the mediator. One woman told the mediator about the day she had come to the other's door to borrow something. Her neighbour opened the door, said "I can't talk to you," then "slammed the door in my face.""I remember that day," replied the "door-slammer." "I was on the phone with my sister, who had just learned she had breast cancer. I meant, 'I'll talk to you later.' But when I tried, you wouldn't talk to me." If they had talked it over that day, the feud would never have happened. So speak up right away. When a dispute looms, carefully plan what to say and attack the problem, not the person. If your neighbour likes his stereo loud, calmly tell him or her how the problem harms you - "I have to be at work at 5 a.m. Could you turn it down after 10 p.m.?"U6Finders Keepers (Part One)Walking along, minding your own business, you see a wallet on the ground. You pick it up. Some photos inside, a card or two with ID. Hmm, and a nice wad of money, too. So what do you do? The right thing, or ... ?Reader's Digest set out to discover just what people would do. In big cities and towns across the globe, in the UK, Europe, the US, Asia, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Latin America, editors of the magazine dropped temptation in the path of unsuspecting people. We "lost" more than 1,100 wallets to see just how many would be returned. Each contained around ￡30 in local currency, but also a name and phone number so that the finders would have no trouble returning the wallet - presuming they wanted to. We left them in shopping centres, train and underground stations, supermarkets, car parks and on pavements. Then we watched to see what would happen.The results were ... fascinating!All told, 44 percent of the wallets were picked up, never to be seen again. From one country to another, though, the results varied widely. The gold stars for honesty have to go to Norway and Denmark, where every single wallet was returned. Scandinavian countries, on the whole, put the rest of the world to shame. So did New Zealand and a couple of places in Asia - South Korea and Japan. But watch your possessions in Argentina and Italy. As for Mexico, it's tough luck if you lose your wallet there. In most Mexican cities, barely any were returned.How did the UK fare? Not bad: out of 80 wallets, 52 were returned - 65 percent. Medium-sized towns were slightly more honest than cities, and, interestingly, women outperformed men. That put us solidly on the list of pretty honest countries, alongside the US, Canada, Australia and India. Of course, cities and towns within the same country often varied widely as well.So what does all this tell us about human character? Plenty - at least when it comes to those who wore halos. In each place, we talked to people to find out why they had returned our wallets. Throughout the world, across diverse cultures, it boiled down to a few common themes: family education, religious faith and empathy.U7Did We Land on the Moon?Last week my phone rang. It was my mother and she was very upset."Tony!" she exclaimed, "I just came from the coffee shop and there's a guy down there who says NASA never landed on the Moon. Everyone was talking about it (I)just didn't know what to say!"That last bit was hard to swallow, I thought. Mom's never at a loss for words. But even more incredible was the controversy that swirled through the small town and places like it across the country. After a long absence, the "Moon Hoax" was back.All the debates about the Moon landing began on Thursday, February 15, 2001 when the Fox Television network aired a program called Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon? It was re-aired on March 19. The program was hosted by X-Files actor Mitch Pileggi. The program was an hour long, and featured interviews with a series of people who believe that NASA faked the Apollo Moon landings in the 1960s and 1970s. The biggest voice in this is Bill Kaysing, who claims to haveall sorts of hoax evidence, including pictures taken by the astronauts, engineering details, discussions of physics and even some testimony by astronauts themselves. The program's conclusion was that the whole thing was faked in the Nevada desert. According to them, NASA technology in the 1960s did not have the technical capability of going to the Moon. Instead, anxious to win the space race any way it could, NASA acted out the Apollo program in movie studios. Neil Armstrong's historic first steps on another world, the Moon vehicle and the American flag - it was all a fake!Fortunately the Soviets didn't think it was a hoax. Otherwise, they could have filmed their own fake Moon landings and really embarrassed the free world.According to the show, NASA was a blundering movie producer thirty years ago. The hoax believers pointed out a lot of discrepancies in Apollo imagery. For example, pictures of astronauts transmitted from the Moon don't include stars in the dark lunar sky - an obvious production error! What happened? Did NASA film-makers forget to turn on the constellations?Here's another one. Pictures of Apollo astronauts erecting a US flag on the Moon show the flag bending and waving. How can that be? After all, there's no breeze on the Moon ..."One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." These immortal words were spoken when American astronaut Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon in 1969. Or did he?。
研究生英语听力第3章课本原文
Chapter 3Part Two Main DialogueExercise 1 Scanning for the Main IdeaRuth: Good morning, David, Wow, what happened to you?David: Hey, Ruth. Boy, do I need coffee. I was up till 2:30 last night for the second night in a row.Ruth: More trouble with the lovebirds?David: Yeah, good ole Michael and Betty were at it again all night. Ruth: Were they breaking dishes again?David: No, I don‟t think they have any dishes left after the last fight.They were yelling about his old girlfriend.Ruth: Haven‟t you spoken to them/ I mean, don‟t they know they‟re keeping you up all night?David: I think when they‟re fighting, they don‟t care about anything else.I banged on the ceiling with a broom for about five minutes and theykept yelling.Ruth: They sound like very selfish people.David: You‟ve got that right, Ruth.Ruth: Why don‟t you just call the landlord?David: He doesn‟t care if I‟m unhappy. He wants me to move! I‟ve lived in the building the longest, and with rent control, I pay half as much as they do. If I move, he can jack up the price.Ruth: What about the other neighbors? Can‟t you all get together and complain?David: Are you kidding? I have had problems with everybody in that building! Rob and Steve, the people who live next door to Michael and Betty, crank-up the volume of their stereo at all hours of the night.Ruth: That‟s terrible.David: yeah, those two guys are so busy throwing parties that they probably never even hear the fighting.Ruth: Well, there has to be someone in your building who you like. David: There is Mrs. Anderson, the woman who lives below me. She‟s 87 years old, as sweet as can be with a heart of gold. Unfortunately, she‟s a little deaf and I‟m sure she never hears any of the noise in the building. Actually, as much as I like her, she‟s also a problem. Ruth: How so?David: Her niece phones from out of state every Sunday morning at 6:30 to check on her. The trouble is because she‟s deaf, she screams into the phone, and it wakes me up.Ruth: Every Sunday?David: Yes, and the sound of her voice goes right up through the floor “Hello? Yes, dear. It‟s so good to hear your voice.”She‟s more reliable than an alarm clock!Ruth: Wow, that sounds like a real nightmare!David: It‟s not her fault, poor old thing. She‟s just very old and her health isn‟t good.Ruth: I‟m pretty lucky. The biggest problem I have is the garbage collectors waking me up at 5:30 in the morning three times a week when they empty the cans. But, I can usually fall asleep again after they leave.David: At least your neighbors put their garbage into the cans! Art, the guy who lives next door to Mrs. Anderson, is sometimes such a pig.He ever seems to throw away his garbage. Whenever I walk by his door I have to hold my nose.Ruth: Maybe you just need to start looking for a new place to live. David: And give up my book?Ruth: Book? What book?David: I told you about my book, didn‟t I? I‟m writing a book about a guy who lives in an apartment building with a bunch of crazy people.I hope it‟ll be a big Hollywood movie someday.Ruth: That sounds fantastic, but can‟t you write the book in a nice quiet apartment in another building?David: No way! Every week I get a new idea for a chapter from somebody in the building. If I move now, I‟ll never be able to finish the book!Exercise 4 Vocabulary in ContextNarrator: 1. SENTENCEDavid: Yeah, good …ole Michael and Betty were at it again all night. Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: Yeah, good …ole Michael and Betty were at it again all night. Ruth: Were they breaking dishes again?David: No, I don‟t think they have any dishes left after the last fight.They were yelling about his old girlfriend.Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: Yeah, good …ole Michael and Betty were at it again all night.Narrator: 2. SENTENCEDavid: If I move, he can jack up the price.Narrator: CONTEXTTom: He doesn‟t care if I‟m unhappy. He wants me to move! I‟ve lived in the building the longest, and with rent control, I pay half asmuch as they do. If I move, he can jack up the price. Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: If I move, he can jack up the price.Narrator: 3. SENTENCERuth: How so?Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: Actually, as much as I like her, she‟s also a problem.Ruth: How so?David: Her niece phones from out of state every Sunday morning at 6:30 to check on her. The trouble is because she‟s deaf, she screamsinto the phone, and it wakes me up.Narrator: SENTENCERuth: How so?Narrator: 4. SENTENCEDavid: She‟s more reliable than an alarm clock!Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: The trouble is because she‟s deaf, she screams into the phone, and it wakes me up.Ruth: Every Sunday?Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: Yes, and the sound of her voice goes right up through the floor.She‟s more reliable than an alarm clock!Narrator: 5. SENTENCEDavid: Poor old thing.Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: It‟s not her fault, poor old thing. She‟s just very old and her health isn‟t good.Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: Poor old thing.Narrator: 6. SENTENCEDavid: Art, the guy who lives next door to Mrs. Anderson is sometimes such a pig.Narrator: CONTEXTDavid: At least your neighbor put their garbage into the cans! Art, the guy who lives next door to Mrs. Anderson is sometimes such apig. He never seems to throw away his garbage. Whenever Iwalk by his door I have to hold my nose.Narrator: SENTENCEDavid: Art, the guy who lives next door to Mrs. Anderson is sometimes such a pig.Part Three ExpansionSection 1: Household FurnishingsExercise 1D1.Husband: Honey, I think it‟s time we redid this room.Wife: Gee, I kind of like it the way it is.Husband: Oh, come on. Look at this floor—it‟s totally scratched. It needs to be refinished or carpeted.Wife: Yeah, and while we‟re at it, we might as well paint the wall around the fireplace. There are smoke stains all over it from last year‟s Christmas party.Husband: Now you‟re talking! Why don‟t we wallpaper the other three walls in here too? Then if we get some new drapes and maybe a couple of lamps—Wife: Wait a second. This is getting out of hand. Why don‟t we just move the armchair over to cover the scratched floor and save ourselves a lot of money and trouble.2.Painter: Good morning. I‟m from Daniel‟s Paint-O-Rama.Woman: Oh, good. Com on in. Would you like some coffee?Painter: Maybe later. Now, have you decided on the color?Woman: I was thinking white might be nice.Painter: I wouldn‟t have white in this room. It would get dirty pretty quickly.Woman: Couldn‟t we use enamel paint? It‟s easy to clean, right?Painter: But it smells horrible and takes a long time to dry. You wont‟be able to use this room until tomorrow.Woman: Oh, my. Well, I guess we could go to a restaurant…Painter: Why don‟t you choose a color that goes with your linoleum?I could nix up a shade of latex semi-gloss that matches this blue.Woman: What about the latex semi-gloss in white? Couldn‟t I wash that down if it got dirty?Painter: Yes, you could, but you‟ll still have to do it more often than if you choose another color. And if you clean it too often, the finish will start to rub off.Woman: Maybe we‟d better stick with the enamel then.3.Tenant: Look at the ceiling; it‟s cracked and peeling over here; there‟sa big water stain on the wall in the corner, and—Landlord: Okay, why don‟t you get some paint and fix it up and I‟ll pay for it.Tenant: I don‟t think that‟s going to fix the problem. It‟s happened before and I don‟t feel like wasting my time and energy covering up problem that‟s just going to happen again.Landlord: Well, I‟m not sure what else you want me to do. I said I‟d pay to fix it.Tenant; I want you to find out what‟s causing this!Landlord: Well, I‟ll talk to Steven upstairs and warn him to be more careful in the future.Tenant: I don‟t think Steven is the problem. The last time this happened he was n‟t even home. Besides, he‟s always been aconsiderate neighbor.Landlord: Maybe you steam up the room yourself. That can cause a lot of chipping and peeling. A small room like this full of steam can do a lot of damage.Tenant: Look, don‟t try to turn this around on me. I always leave the window and door open so it doesn‟t steam up. Either you send someone over to repair this, or else I‟ll get somebody and deduct the cost from the rent. It‟s up to you.4.Meg: Tony? Tony? Tony!Tony: Huh? What?Meg: I can‟t stand it. It‟s freezing in here. Aren‟t you cold?Tony: Well, turn the heat on.Meg: I tried. There‟s no heat coming up.Tony: What time is it?Meg: It‟s about 5:30. The heat should be on by now. This is the third time this week that we haven‟t gotten heat until after 8:00. Isn‟t that against the law?Tony: Yeah, the heat is supposed to be on between 5 AM and 11 AM every day. What he‟s doing is illegal.Meg: I‟m going to call the Housing Authority and report him.Tony: Maybe we should talk to him first.Meg: We already complained in the note we sent with the rent checklast week. I‟m tired of waiting for him to give up enough heat. If we don‟t do something right away, you‟re going to wake up next to an icicle one morning.Section 2: Tenants’ RightsExercise 11.It is against the law to change your locks.2. A tenant must clean an apartment when he or she moves in.3.It is always illegal for a landlord to enter your apartment withoutyour permission.4.You should always keep the receipts for any repairs that youmake.5.You can deduct money from the rent to pay for a window that youbroke.6. A landlord must fix any problem within thirteen days.7.If you change the locks on your apartment, you have to pay for ityourself.8. A landlord must tell you three days before he or she enters yourapartment.9.If you want a bigger sink, your landlord must pay for it.10.Tenants who have trouble with their landlords can get help fromspecial housing agencies.Exercise 21.Recording: You have reached the offices of the City HousingAuthority. Our hours are 10 to 4 Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday;and 10 to 3 on Friday. Our offices are closed on Wednesday,Saturday, and Sunday and all legal holidays. This office handlestenant and landlord disputes. At the sound of the tone, pleaseleave your name, phone number, and a brief description of yourproblem. Thank you for calling, and have a wonderful day.Mr. Hansen: Uh, yeah. Umm. My name is Henry Hansen. I won amultiple dwelling apartment building on 24th and Pine Avenue.One of my tenants has been complaining about a leak in hisbathroom that we think is coming from the apartment upstairs.The problem is that I can‟t get into the upstairs unit. The tenant isnever home and he keeps telling me that he‟s too busy to let me into have a look. I‟ve been trying to get in for over three weeks. Theleak is really starting to cause a lot of damage, and the downstairstenant is very angry. I need to get in to that apartment.2.Vivian: Hey Susan, how‟s it going/Susan: Terrible. I‟m really angry at Pat, my landlord.Vivian: Why? What did he do this time?Susan: When I came home yesterday, the front door was wideopen, the cat was hiding in the closet, and there was Pat—Vivian: Uh oh. “Mr. Fix-it” strikes again. What was your landlord, quote, fixing this time?Susan: You should have seen it. He must have had seventeen different wrenches, pliers, hammers, and screwdrivers spread out all over my kitchen floor just to change a little washer in the leaky sink.Vivian: Well that‟s good. You‟ve been complaining about that fora long time.Susan: Yeah, but he didn‟t even tell me that he was coming. He just showed up while I was at work. He does this all the time.Once when I was throwing a dinner party for eight people, I spent all day cooking and cleaning, and when I ducked out for a minute to buy some wine, “good ole” Pat snuck into to repair the broken light in my bedroom closet. I nearly had a heart attack when I walked in and found him there.Vivian: At least he fixed the light. My landlord doesn‟t even return my phone calls when I have complaints.Susan: But it‟s creepy not knowing when Pat is going to show up.Vivian: Look, your rent is dirt cheap, and you have a landlord who cares about the condition of your building. I don‟t think you have anything to complain about.3.(Phone ringing)Advocate: Tenants Advocacy Resource Center. May I help you? Tenant: Yes, I‟m having a problem with my landlord and I need your help.Advocate: What‟s the problem?Tenant: I moved into my apartment two and a half years ago. I was really happy at first. I mean, the neighborhood is great, the apartment gets good light, the neighbors are considerate, and the rent is actually quite reasonable.Advocate: It sounds O.K. so far.Tenant: The landlord is even a nice enough guy, but he and I just can‟t seem to agree on repair costs.Advocate: Has he been unwilling to make repairs?Tenant: It‟s not that he‟s unwilling. He just takes too long. When I first moved in, the heater was broken, and it took him three months to fix it.Advocate: Not having heat in the winter is an emergency situation. You only have to wait three days. Your landlord—Tenant: No, it wasn‟t an emergency. I moved in in the summer, so I didn‟t need the heater right away, but still, it took him three months.Advocate: And what‟s your current problem?Tenant: Two weeks ago was my thirtieth birthday. My friendsthrew me a surprise party. They showed up with a ton of food and a keg of beer, and they even had a live rock and roll band. It turned into an all-night party, and—Advocate: And your neighbors started complaining about the noise.Tenant: No, everyone in the building was there. It was a great party. Unfortunately, at one point, things got a little out of control, and a couple of guys started throwing around a football and accidentally broke the living room window.Advocate: Was anyone hurt?Tenant: No, we cleaned up the glass and covered the open window with a board. The first thing the next day, I got a repair person to come over and fix the window. Since he was already there, I had him fix the broken stove which I had been complaining to the landlord about for over two months. I figured I‟d kill two birds with one stone. Then, last week, when I mailed in the rent check, I deducted the repair costs. Of course, I remembered to include copies of the receipts. But this morning, my landlord called me and said that he won‟t pay for the repairs. He said I owe him the amount that I deducted from the rent check. That doesn‟t seem fair. What should I do?PART FOUR FOCUS: AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE YES/NO QUESTIONSExercise 1Example: Isn‟t the rent due on the first day of the month?1.Can‟t a landlord throw you out without 30 days notice?2.Don‟t‟ you own your own home?3.Did you complain to the housing authority about your brokentoilet?4.Didn‟t you have a view from the apartment on Main Street?5.Are the utilities included in the rent?6.Can‟t the landlord evict you because you complain to the housingauthority?7.Aren‟t you going to stop paying your rent until the landlord fixesyour sink?8.Don‟t you have a two-bedroom condominium?9.Isn‟t Pete‟s apartment under rent control?10.Did Barbara just refinish her hardwood floors?Exercise 21.Can‟t a landlord throw you out without 30 days notice?2.Don‟t‟ you own your own home?3.Did you complain to the housing authority about your brokentoilet?4.Didn‟t you have a view from the apartment on Main Street?5.Are the utilities included in the rent?6.Can‟t the landlord evict you because you complain to the housingauthority?7.Aren‟t you going to stop paying your rent until the landlord fixesyour sink?8.Don‟t you have a two-bedroom condominium?9.Isn‟t Pete‟s apartment under rent control?10.Did Barbara just refinish her hardwood floors?Exercise 3ACindy: Well, I‟ve just moved here from Chicago. I don‟t know anyone in this city yet, but the people at work are very friendly. I work downtown and don‟t have a car, so I‟d really like to find a place that has a bus line that goes directly downtown. Even though I‟m single, I would like a two-bedroom apartment, but I can only pay $600 a month. Since I‟m new in this city, I don‟t have any furniture, so I‟ll need a furnished place. Now, I won‟t need a very big kitchen. I don‟t really like to cook. But I must have a bathtub. Exercise 3B1.Now, let‟s see. Don‟t you need a one-bedroom apartment?2.Didn‟t you say you wanted to drive to work?3.Didn‟t you tell me you found a job?4.Can‟t you pay $700 a month?5.Don‟t you live with someone?6.Didn‟t you live in Chicago before?7.Don‟t you have some friends in this city?8.Won‟t you need a garage?9.Didn‟t you want a furnished apartment?10.Don‟t you prefer a place with a bathtub?PART FIVE LISTENING PRACTICEExercise 11.Haven‟t you moved in yet?2.What‟s your new apartment like?3.When will the landlord fix the stove?4.Where is all of that noise coming from?5.What seems to be the problem?6.How do you like your new house?Exercise 21.He suggested that I deduct the cost from next month‟s rent.2.Doesn‟t this city have rent control?3.Poor Mr. Thompson. His heater is broken again.4.There‟s a one-bedroom apartment with a garage, and a studio witha view.5.I don‟t want Jeffrey to move in with me because Edward says he‟sa real pig in the kitchen.6.My bathroom sink is broken again.7.Sam is looking for a studio apartment near his office.Exercise 31.QUESTION: Where is this conversation probably take place?Advocate: How can I help you?Tenant: The heater in my apartment is broken. I asked the landlordto fix it four weeks ago, but he still hasn‟t done it. He says thatsince my rent is so low, I have to pay for a new heater. Is thattrue?Advocate: No, it isn‟t. The law in this city says that your landlordmust make sure that your heater works.Tenant: But, I‟ve asked him many times to fix it, and he won‟t doit. I don‟t have the money to move to another apartment! And, if Imake trouble, he might make me leave!Advocate: Don‟t worry, that wont‟ happen. We will help you dealwith your landlord. First, We‟ll write him a letter, and if thatdoesn‟t work, we‟ll take legal action.2.Question: How many rooms are there in this house?Agent: Come right this way, Ms. Lindeman. Take a look at theview from that window. Isn‟t it spectacular?Ms. Lindeman: Oh my, yes, it is quite lovely, but this room isn‟t big enough for my desk. I do need a large space for my desk.Agent: No problem. It‟s just you and your husband, right? So you could use the second bedroom as an office.Ms. Lindeman: Yes… But what if we have guests—I really don‟t like having guests sleep in the living room.Agent: No, I agree, but you could put a sofa bed in the dining room. You know the dining room has a really lovely picture window–the sofa bed would go very well under that window.Ms. Lindeman: Oh I don‟t think I want a sofa bed in the dining room.Agent: It‟s really a very big room. And speaking of big, you have got to see the kitchen. It‟s the most modern updated kitchen I‟ve shown anyone in a long time…3.Question: Who is causing noise problems in the building?Rob: Yes?Adele: Hi. My name‟s Adele. I‟m your downstairs neighbor.Rob: Oh, hi. My name‟s Rob; Rob Adams.Adele: yeah, well listen, Rob, we need to talk about the noise problem.Rob: I‟m glad you stopped by, Adele. I‟ve been having a problem with noise myself.Adele: Well, I‟m sure it‟s not coming from my apartment. I never play my stereo after nine at night because I go to bed early.Unfortunately, you don‟t…Rob: I didn‟t realize my stereo was waking you up.Adele: I don‟t think you‟re playing it that loud, Rob. It‟s just that I can feel the vibrations through the ceiling. All that thump-thump-thumping drives me crazy.Rob: Yeah, I guess it would. Stereo are almost as annoying as the sound of a TV bright and early in the morning.Adele: You can hear my TV?Rob: It wakes me up all the time.Adele: Gee, these walls are a lot thinner than I thought…Rob: Uh-hum; and since our schedules are so different, we‟re going to have to make some changes.4.Question: What kind of place will Alice probably get?Frank: So Alice, how do you like where you‟re living?Alice: Well Frank, the neighborhood is very safe and shopping is really convenient. But I‟m kind of getting ready to look for a new place.Frank: Why? What‟ s the matter?Alice: I don‟t know. I guess it‟s just such an old house. There‟s always something going wrong. Last week it was the water heater.This week the sink got stopped up. And there‟s always the lawn.Frank: Yeah, I guess it must be difficult. Having your own homeis a lot of work. If something breaks you have to fix it. How aboutselling your house and buying a condo? They just built thosebeautiful new condos over by the golf course. I bet you can get agreat place with two bathrooms and a private deck for good price.Alice: I‟m just not crazy about condos. They feel like apartment,but you pay almost as much as you would for a house.Frank: Well, now that your kids are grown, you rally don‟t needthat much room. Maybe you should rent a small apartment. Youcould rent a four-room place at a pretty reasonable rate. If you hadany trouble, all you‟d need to do is call the landlord to come andfix it.Alice: Oh, I‟m too used to having privacy and not worrying aboutnoise. No, I just need a place tha t‟s in better condition. I don‟t‟want to spend all of my time fixing things. Still, I want my ownplace. But next time I want a place that‟s in perfect condition. Nomore fixer-uppers.Exercise 31.Don‟t forget to sign your complete name and add the date.Otherwise, it won‟t be legal.2.I‟m warning you. If you don‟t pay the rent by Friday, you‟re outof here.3.My landlord‟s fantastic. Every time I have a problem, he‟s therethe next day.4.My neighbors were at it again until 7 AM this morning.5.I‟m looking for an apartment that‟s not too expensive, but I amwilling to pay enough for a nice place.6.In my new apartment, I‟ll have my own room, where I can keepmy computer, and where no one will bother me.7.My landlord just raised my rent from $800 to $1200 a month.8.Sam spilled a glass of red wine one the couch and I can‟t get itout.9.Oh boy! The kitchen sink is full of water and the plunger won‟twork.10.The total for my electric, gas and water bills was over $250 lastmonth.。
（完整word版）新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说学生用书听力原文上
（完整word版）新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说学生用书听力原文上LESSON ONEMusic1. M: By the way, Jane, did you talk to the consultant顾问about our new health program?W: I contacted联系his office but his secretary said he would （be out for）试图得到lunch until two.Q: What does the woman mean?2. W: We need to let everyone know about the charity[?t??riti] n. 慈爱concert, but we don't have much money for advertising.M: How about using the school radio station? They broadcast free public service服务announcements.通告Q: What does the man suggest they do?3. W: I don't understand why this self-study自学book doesn't have answers to the questions.M: But it does. You can find them at the back of the book.Q: What does the man say about the self-study book?4. M: The new sales manager says he has never met you before.W: We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful.Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager?5. M: Have you had the brakes[breik] n制动器; 闸; 刹车. and tires checked? And do you have enough money?W: I have taken care of everything. And I'm sure it's going to be a wonderful极好的, 精彩的, 绝妙的trip.Q: What's the woman going to do?g. M: I've had my new stereo立体声for a whole week, but Ihaven't yet figured out想到how to record music.W: Didn't an instruction manual[?m?nju?l] 手册形式的，像手册的；教范性质的come with it?Q: What does the woman imply?7. W: I want to pay you for that long-distance call I made. But,I suppose you haven't gotten your phone bill yet,M: Oh, but I have.Q: What does the man mean?8. M: Professor Smith assigned us three more novels to read.W: He must think you don't have any other classes.Q: What can be inferred about Professor Smith?9. M: Let's go watch the fireworks烟花tonight.W: I have tickets to the theater.Q: What does the woman mean?10. M: I am exhausted筋疲力尽的. I stayed up熬夜the whole night studying for my history midterm exam.W: Why do you always wait till the last minute?Q: What can be inferred about the man?11. M: I'll be coming straight from work, so I'll have to pack 包装；捆扎a change of clothes.W: It's only a barbecue[?bɑ:bikju:] (常用于室外的)金属烤架. Jeans and T-shirts will be fine.Q: What does the woman imply?12. W: I'm going to the snack [sn?k] 小吃; 点心; 快餐bar for a cup of coffee. Would you like me to bring you back something?M: Not from the snack bar, but could you pick up a paper for me? Q: What does the man mean?13. M: I don't understand how this budget was calculated[?k?lkjuleit]计算, 估计, 核算.W: Let me have a look, OK?Q: What does the woman mean?14. W: We need a fourth player for tennis this morning. Do you want to join us?M: I've got a class at nine, but Carol is free and she is really good.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?15. W: Have you saved enough to buy that new printer for your computer yet?M: You know, money seems to be burning a hole in my pocket lately. Maybe next month.Q: What does the man mean?Passage 1 American MusicOne of America's most important exports is her modern music. American music is played all over the world. It is enjoyed by people of all ages in every country. Although the lyrics are in English, people who don't speak English can enjoy it too. The reasons for its popularity are its fast pace and rhythmic beat.Music has many origins in the United States. Country music, coming from the rural areas in the southern United States, is one source. Count music features simple themes and melodies describing day-to-day situations and the feelings of country people. Many people appreciate this music because of the emotions expressed by country music songs.A second origin of American pop music is the blues. It depicts mostly sad feeling reflecting the difficult lives of American blacks. It is usually played and sung by black musicians, but it is popular with all Americans.Rock music is a newer form of music. This music style, featuring fast and repetitious rhythms, was influenced by the blues and country music. It was first known as rock-and-roll inthe 1950s. Since then, there have been many forms of rock music: hard rock, soft rock and others. Many performers of rock music are young musicians.American pop music is marketed to a demanding audience. Now pop songs are heard on the radio several times a day. Some songs have become popular all over the world. People hear these songs sung in their original English or sometimes translated into other languages. The words may differ but the enjoyment of the music is universal.Passage 2 Music in Different CulturesIn western culture, music is regarded as good by birth, and sounds that are welcome are said to be "music to the ears". In some other cultures, for example, the lslamic culture, it is of little value, associated with sin and evil, In the West and in the high cultures of Asia, it is said that there are three types of music. First classical music, composed and performed by trained professionals originally under the support of courts and religious establishments; second, folk music, shared by the population at large and passed on orally; and third, popular music, performed by professionals, spread through radio, television, records, film, and print, and consumed by the mass public.Music is a major component in religious services, theater, and entertainment of all sorts. The most universal use of music is as a part of religious rituals. In some tribal societies, music appears to serve as aspecial form of communication with supernatural beings, and its prominent use in modern Christian and Jewish services may be the leftover of just such an original purpose. Another less obvious function of music is social adherence. For most social groups, music can serve as a powerful symbol. Members of mostsocieties share keen feelings as to what kind of music they "belong to": Indeed, some minorities including, in the U.S.A., black Americans and Euro-American groups use music as a major symbol of group identity. Music also symbolizes military, patriotic and funerary moods and events. In a more general sense, music may express fifes central social values of a society. In western culture, the interrelationship of conductor and orchestra symbolizes the need for strong cooperation among various kinds of specialists in a modern industrial society.Passage 3Music comes in many forms; many countries have a style of their own. Poland has its folk music. Hungary has its czardas. Argentina is famous for the tango. The U.S. is known for just a type of music that has gained worldwide popularity.Jazz is American's contribution to popular music. While classical music follows formal European tradition, jazz is a rather free form. It is full of energy, expressing the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz sounded like America. And so it does today.The origins of jazz are as interesting as the music itself. Jazz was invented by black Americans, who were brought to the southern states as slaves. They were sold to farm owners and forced to work long hours in the cotton and tobacco fields. The work was hard and life was short, When a slaver died his friends and relatives would gather and carry the body to have a ceremony before they buried him.There was always a band with them. On the way to the ceremony, the band played slow solemn music suitable for the situation. But on the way home, the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Everyone was happy. Death had removed one of their members,but the living were glad to be alive. The band played happy music. This music made everyone want to dance. This was an early form of jazz.Music has always been important to African-Americans. The people, who were unwillingly brought to America from West Africa, had a rich musical tradition. In the fields, they made up work songs. Singing made the hard work go faster. And when they accepted Christianity, thesesongs became lovely spirituals, which have become an everlasting part of American music.LESSON two1. M: Do you still want to go to the graduate研究生的school after you get out of college?W: I've changed my mind about that. I want to start working before I go back to school.Q: What does the woman mean?2. M: We've got a whole hour before the Browns come by来串门, 来访to pick us up安排接取; 使搭乘; 搭救.W: Yeah. But we'd better get moving赶快；快些开始.Q: What does the woman suggest they do?3. M: I'm thinking of getting a new printer.W: I'd invest in在…上投资, 在…投入(时间、精力等) a laser[?leiz?激光] printer. The print quality is much better.Q: What does the woman mean?4. W: I've got a coupon[?ku:p?n]配给券；（购物）票证；（购物）优惠券for half-off五折dinner at that new restaurant down the street. I think I'll use it when my cousin[?k?zn]堂[表]兄弟[姊妹] comes for a visit this weekend.M: Where did you get it? I wouldn't mind（trying that place out too）试验.Q: What does the man want to know?5. W: What's Laura doing here today? I thought she was supposed 料想; 猜想; 以为to be out of离开了the office on Mondays.W: She decided she'd rather have Fridays off instead.Q: What can be inferred about Laura?6. M: I need to find a new roommate <英>室友,住在同室的人.W: So John's going to California after all.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?7. M: My math assignment's工作, 任务due 到期的tomorrow morning andI haven't even started it yet.W: I'll miss想念, 惦记you at the party tonight.Q: What does the woman imply?8. W: Those packages包, 包裹, 包在一起的东西took forever长久地；（与动词进行时连用）老是，没完没了地to arrive.M: But they did arrive, didn't they?Q: What does the man say about the packages?9. M: My parents are coming to see our apartment一套房间, 一户this weekend.W: Looks as if I'd better lend you my vacuum[?v?kju?m]〈口〉真空吸尘器cleaner 净化器then.Q: What does the woman imply?10. M: Sarah, did you have a chance to buy that new novel you wanted?W: No, but I had Doris get it for me.Q: What does Sarah say about the novel?11. M: I've been waiting all week for this concert. The philharmonic [filɑ:?m?nik]交响乐团is supposed to be excellent and with our student discoun[?diskaunt]数目, 折扣t the ticketswill be really cheap.W: Uh -- uh, I'm afraid I left my student ID in my other purse 钱包.Q: What does the woman imply?暗示, 暗指12. M: The university bookstore opens at 9 in the morning.W: Oh, dear. I need a textbook教科书, 课本for my eight o'clock class today.Q: What does the woman mean?13. M: The storm暴风雨[雪] last night damaged some of the neighbor's roofs.W: no wonder不足为奇.Q: What does the woman mean?14. M: You've certainly无疑地; 确定地；肯定地been reading that one page for a long time now.W: Well, I'm being tested on it tomorrow.Q: What does the woman imply暗示?15. W: Another thing we need to do is show the new students around town. You know, show them all the sights视野；风景of the area.M: I don't see why we need to do that ourselves. I understand the visitors' center offers a wonderful bus tour旅行, 观光.Q: What does the man suggest they do?Lesson TwoPassage 1 Holidays in Britain and the UsPeople in the US get a two-week paled vacation from their job every year. Most British people have four or five weeks paid holiday a year. Americans often complain that two weeks are not enough, especially when they hear about the longer holidays that Europeans enjoy. In addition, there are eight days in each European country, which are public holidays (the British call themBank Holidays) and many of these fall on a Monday, giving people along weekend.What do people do in Britain and the US when they are on holidays? In the US, outdoor vacations are popular, for example, at the Grand Canyon, Yellowstone or other national parks and forests. Young people may go walking or camping in the mountains. Many people have small trailers in which to travel, or if they have a car, they may stay at motets on the journey, Disneyland and Disneyworld are also popular. In addition, people can go skiing in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Wyoming and Montana. Some children go to summer camp for a holiday during the summer vacation from school, where they do special activities, such as sports or crafts. WhenAmericans want a holiday for fun in the sun, they usually go to Florida, Hawaii, Mexico or the Caribbean. They may go to Europe for culture, for example, to see art, plays, and places of historic interest.In Britain, many people like to go to the seaside for holidays. There are places near the sea, such as Black pool, Scarborough and Bournemouth, where there is plenty to do, even when it rains. People also like to go to the countryside, especially to walk, in places like Scotland, Wales and the Lake District. When the British go abroad they usually want to go somewhere warm. Spain and the Spanish islands of Majorea and Lbiza are popular, as are other places in southern Europe. For skiing, people often go to the Alps.Passage 2 Welcoming the New YearEvery country in the world celebrates New '(ear but not everyone does it on the same day. The countries of North and South America and Europe welcome the New Year on January l, This practice’ began with the Romans. Julius Caesar, a Ramanruler, changed the date of the New Year from the first day of March to the first day of January. In the Middle East, New Year is on the day when springbegins. People in China celebrate it on the Spring Festival, which is the first day of their lunar calendar. The Spring Festival usually comes between January 21 and February 19. Rosh Hashanah, which is the Jewish New Year, comes at the end of summer.In all of these cultures, there is a tradition of making noise. People made noise in ancient times to drive away the evil spirits from home. Today many people do it with fireworks. In Japan, people go from house to house making noise with drums and bamboo sticks. Young people in Denmark throw broken pieces of jars or pots against the sides of friends' houses.In the United States, many people stay up until midnight on New Year's Eve to watch the clock pass from one year to the next. Friends often gather together at a party on New Year's Eve, and when the New Year comes, all ring bells, blow horns, blow whistles, and kiss each other.In many European countries, families start the new year by first attending church service, which is followed by paying calls to friends and relatives. Italian boys and girls receive gifts of money on New Year's Day.New Year's Day is more joyful than Christmas in France and Scotland. In these countries Christmas is a religious holiday only, while the New Year is the time for gift-giving, parties, and visits. Passage 3 The Spring FestivalThe Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese. It comes on the first day of the first month according to Chinese lunar calendar. It marks the beginning of a new year. It isalso an occasion for family reunion. Family members and relatives get together to say goodbye to the old year and greet the new one. Guonian means "passing the year. People start preparing for it half a month before it comes. They clean their houses thoroughly, decorate them and even paint them; they buy new clothes for children, and they prepare food for the big feast on the eve of the festival. On the eve of the festival, the whole extended family comes together for a big dinner. Dumplings are a must for this festival dinner in northern China, while for southerners niangao - a sticky sweet rice pudding - is the traditional food for this occasion. People stay up until midnight chatting, playing mahjong or watching TV. At the turn of the old and the New Year, people used to let off firecrackers to greet the arrival of the New Year, In the old days people believed setting off firecrackers could drive away the evil spirits. But now, people makephone calls or send messages on mobile phones to exchange New Year's greetings. Early in the morning, children greet their parents and are given Hongbao - cash tucked inside red envelopes. The Lantern Festival, on the 15th of the first month according to the lunar calendar, is considered the formal end of the Spring Festival. It is an occasion of lantern displays and folk dances everywhere. One typical food is Yuanxiao - dumplings made of sweet rice rolled into balls with all sorts of filling. The Spring Festival is a national holiday. For most people, it lasts seven days. In the past, people stayed with their families at home. Few traveled during the holiday. Nowadays things have changed.Lesson three1. W: The report says all departments are making a profit except the Asian department.M: Well, Mr. Smith seems to be the wrong person to head that department. One more step wrong and he will be removed from that office.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?2. W: During the last thunderstorm, I noticed several leaks in my bedroom ceiling and they really caused a mess.M: Maybe you have some broken tiles. I have the phone number of a good roofing company that could do a good repair job for you at a reasonable price.Q: What can we conclude from this conversation?3. W: How did you do on the math exam, John?M: I barely made it. It was just a passing score but better than I had expected.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?4. M: I wonder what makes Mother so upset these days?W: Father is canceling his vacation trip. He promised to take her abroad last year, but the company is again asking father to postpone his vacation. Q: Why is their mother unhappy?5. W: Friday's speaker is supposed to be wonderful. Are you going to attend the seminar that day?M: Yes, but I haven't been able to get a ticket yet. Since the lecture is open to the public, I imagine the tickets may have already been sold out.Q: Why is the man afraid he won't be able to attend the seminar? 6. M: Could you lend me your biology notes?W: Do you think you'll be able to make out my handwriting?Q: What does the woman imply about the notes?7. W: Did you pick up my books from Ron's house?M: Sorry. It slipped my mind.Q: What does the man mean?8. W: Would you like to go to the movies with us tonight?M: To the movies? Tonight is the biggest concert of the year.Q: What does the man mean?9. M: Just one person in the whole class got an A on the test! YOU! W: ALL RIGHTQ: What does the woman mean?10. W: We are having a party at our house on the weekend of the 30th. Would you like to join us?。
研究生英语试听说原文+翻译全
sentence=410|3.944|How do your current designs and your current collections4|7.944|fit in with your manifesto or are they two separate entities?您当前的设计和当前的收藏如何适合你的宣言，还是两个独立的实体？8|18.347|My manifesto applies to my gold label but it applies particularly to "World's x18.36|21.100|That's the shot where I did punk rock and everything我的宣言适用于我的黄金标签，但特别适用于“世界末日”，因为我想。
这是我做朋克摇滚和一切的镜头21.109|25.347|and I thought what would I tell young people these days and I wanted to activate it.我想我今天会告诉年轻人，我想激活它25.482|29.256|I wanted to get a great look in there that was cheap enough to buy 我想在那里买东西很便宜，29.266|32.656|and yet you looked great good quality all this stuff但是你看起来很好，所有这些东西都很好32.682|37.656|and put also lots of my old favourites in there that never will date 还把我那些从来不会约会的很多我最喜欢的东西放在这里37.682|40.956|and you can just wear them forever and get a real look in there.你可以永远穿着它们，并在那里得到一个真正的外观。
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A:Yes, I believe they do respect me. It’s one of the reasons I like my job.
三：
Annie Griffiths is famous for her beautiful photographs. The photos come from countries all over the world, so it’s just a normal part of life for Griffiths to travel. Living in other countries is not for everyone, but for Griffiths and her children, it’s an adventure. Her children especially love the Middle East, and their experiences in that part of the world helped them to learn about other cultures. Griffiths’ work can also be dangerous. Traveling is not always safe. In the Galápagos Islands, Griffiths found herself in the water withsharks one day! Besides writing and taking pictures, Griffiths teaches photography skills to people who want to become photographers. They know they are learning from one of the best photographers in the World.
A:Well, there are many kinds of engineers. I’m an industrial engineer. I look at our processes here at the factory, and I search for any problems.
Q:What do you do is of people makegood nurses?
A:Well, you have to be organized. For example, I’m in charge of my patients’ medicine. I have to give them the correct medicine, so I write everything down in a chart. I get the medicine. Then, I check on my chart that it’s the correct one. Nobody gets the wrong medicine that way.
A:Sometimes it is. Although the students are wonderful, the school has a rule I don’t like.
Q:What kind of rule?
A:Well, I teach math and science, and I think they’re very important subjects. But students here don’t have to take both subjects. They can take one or the other and still graduate.
Now, he is using the camera to study lightning. With the help of money from National Geographic, he changed how the camera works. He replaced the film technology with digital sensors designed for deep space exploration. He also added new software written specially for the camera.
第二单元
一
I’m Miranda. I don’t have much free time because I have a full-time job as a sales manager. I also have children, so I like to spend time with them. Sometimes we go to the beach, and sometimes we go to the park. For me, playing with my children has some important
The burst of light comes from close to the ground and moves up to the sky. It is traveling at a third of the speed of light and the start of this flash takes as little as 200 milliseconds.
第一单元
一：
In 1980, Tim Samaras was working at the University of Denver Research Institute when he first saw the camera. Weighing 1,600 pounds and standing six feet high, the Beckman & Whitley 192 camera was hard to Miss. The camera was used to take pictures of nuclear tests, and it was part of Samaras’ job to look after it. Samaras left the research institute and had other jobs, but he never forgot that camera. Twenty-five years later, he saw it was for sale. He bought it for just $600, the value of its metal parts.
Q:Do you mean they can finish school and never take math, for example?
A:Yes, they can. It’s not a good idea, in my opinion.
2:Is teaching a difficult job?
He hopes the camera will help him take a photograph of the moment lightning starts. This is very difficult and he has been trying to get that shot since 2006.
benefits: It makes me feel young and gives me great joy.
It is possible that he is right about how to photograph the start of lightning, too. “I’m still in hot pursuit of that image,” he said in 2012, adding, “And I won’t stop until this is done.”
Q:What kind of physical work do you do?
A:I stand or walk all of the time, and sometimes I have to lift patients up from their beds.
:Is teaching a difficult job?
A:Sometimes it is. Although the students are wonderful, the school has a rule I don’t like.
Q:What kind of rule?
A:Well, I teach math and science, and I think they’re very important subjects. But students here don’t have to take both subjects. They can take one or the other and still graduate.
A:I give a presentation to my managers. We have a meeting, and I explain the problem to them. We try to find ways to solve it.
Q:What happens next?
A:They usually follow my suggestions.
The camera is fast enough to take the picture, but he must alsoknow where to point it and also “click” at the right time. Some people think he has no chance of getting the shot he wants. But Samaras is used to people telling him that what he’s trying can’t be done. Before he started to study lightning, he spent several years chasing after tornadoes. People didn’t think it was possible to record what it looks and feels like inside a tornado, but Samaras managed. He got some of the most accurate readings ever of wind speed, barometric pressure, temperature, and humidity.