无机化合物命名

1.金属氧化物，碱和盐的命名：

原则：先说正离子名（对于有变价的金属后面要有价态标志，如I、II、III等），后说负离子名即可。

负离子的命名：（按照负离子的组成分为三类）

1)All monoatomic anions have names ending with “ide”for

example, F- (fluoride), Cl- (chloride), Br- (bromide), S2- (sulfide)

and P3- (phosphide).

2)Two polyatomic anions which also have names ending with “ide”

are OH- (hydroxide) and CN- (cyanide).

3)Many polyatomic anions contain oxygen in addition to another

element. The number of oxygen atoms in such oxyanions is

denoted by the use of suffixes “ite” and “ate”, meaning fewer and

more oxygen atoms, respectively. In cases where it is necessary to

denote more than two oxyanions of the same element, the prefixes

“hypo”and “per”, meaning still fewer and still more oxygen

atoms, respectively, may be used.

许多的多原子阴离子（polyatomic anion）除了氧原子之外

还有另外一种元素。这类含氧阴离子（oxyanion）中所含氧的

数目由后缀“ite”和“ate”来表示，分别意味着较多的氧原子

和较少的氧原子。在有些场合下，需要表达更多的氧原子和

更少的氧原子时，分别用前缀“hypo”和“per”来表示。（例如

ClO-(hypochlorite), ClO2-(chlorite), ClO3-(chlorate),

ClO4-(perchlorate) and MnO4-(permanganate)

2.非金属氧化物的命名

1.老式命名方法：

在非金属和氧的前面分别加表示数字的希腊前缀，例如CO2(cabron dioxide), CO(carbon monoxide), SO3(sulfur trioxide), N2O3(dinitrogen trioxide)等。

2.斯托克命名体系：

只包含非金属和氧的名称，但是在非金属元素名称后加罗马数字。例如CO2(cabron(II) oxide), CO(carbon(IV) oxide), SO3(sulfur(VI) oxide), N2O3(nitrogen(III) oxide)等。

3.酸的命名：按酸根离子的命名来给出相应的命名。

Ion Corresponding acid

——ate ——ic acid

——ite ——ous acid

——ide hydro ——ic acid

例如：ClO3-(chlorate)，HClO3（Chloric acid）

ClO2-(chlorite)，HClO2（Chlorous acid）；

Cl- (chloride)，HCl （Hydrochloric acid）

CN- (cyanide) HCN (Hydrocyanic acid)

4.作业答案：

HClO Hypochlorous acid HClO2Chlorous acid HClO3Chloric acid HClO4Perchloric acid HCl Hydrochloric acid HBr Hydrobromic acid H2SO4Sulfuric acid H2SO3Sulfurous acid

H3PO4Phosphoric acid H3PO3Phosphorous acid NaOH Sodium hydroxide KOH potassium hydroxide

Ca(OH)2Calcium hydroxide Ba(OH)2Barium hydroxide CuSO4Copper (II) sulfate or Cupric sulfate

NaCN Sodium cyanide Na2S Sodium sulfide NaClO Sodium hypochlorite NaBr sodium bromide KMnO4 Potassium permanganate KF Potassium fluoride FeS Iron (II) sulfide or Ferrous sulfide

FeCl3Iron (III) chloride or Ferric chloride

KH2PO4Potassium di-hydrogen phosphate

NaHSO4Sodium hydrogen sulfate

Bi(OH)2NO3Bismuth dihydroxynitrate

P2O5Phosphorous (V) oxide or Diphosphorous pentoxide

Al2O3Aluminum oxide Al(OH)3Aluminum hydroxide