基于单片机控制的智能小车

学年论文设计

题目基于单片机控制的智能小车Based on single-chip microcomputer

control of the car

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学年论文（论文）学生开题报告

课题类型：

（1）A—工程实践型；B—理论研究型；C—科研装置研制型；D—计算机软件型；

E—综合应用型

（2）X—真实课题；Y—模拟课题；（1）、（2）均要填，如AY、BX等。

摘要

课题的主要任务是设计并制作一辆基于单片机控制的智能小车，要求实现小车的声控和避障两大功能。设计以凌阳16位单片机为控制核心，应用超声波传感器。

语音处理技术是一门新兴的技术，它不仅包括语音的录制和播放，还涉及语音的压缩编码和解码，语音的识别等各种处理技术。以往做这方面的设计，一般有两个途径：一种方案是单片机扩展设计，另一种就是借助于专门的语音处理芯片。普通的单片机往往不能实现这么复杂的过程和算法，即使勉强实现也要加很多的外围器件。专门的语音处理芯片也比较多，如ISD 系列、PM50 系列等，但是专门的语音处理芯片功能比较单一，想在语音之外的其他方面应用基本是不可能的。

SPCE061A 是一款16位μ'nSP结构的微控制器。该芯片带有硬件乘法器，能够实现乘法运算、内积运算等复杂的运算。它不仅运算能力强，而且处理速度快，单周期最高可以达到 49MHz。

SPCE061A 内嵌32K 字节的FLASH 程序存储器以及2K 的SRAM。同时该SOC 芯片具有ADC 和DAC 功能，其MIC_ADC 通道带有AGC自动增益环节，能够很轻松的将语音信号采集到芯片内部，两路10位的电流输出型DAC，只要外接一个功放就可以完成声音的播放。以上介绍的这些硬件资源使得该SPCE061A 能够单芯片实现语音处理功能。

超声波传感器是利用超声波的特性研制而成的传感器。以超声波作为检测手段,必须产生超声波和接收超声波。超声传感器的核心是其塑料外套或者金属外套中的一块压电晶片。超声波传感器主要材料有压电晶体(电致伸缩)及镍铁铝合金(磁致伸缩)两类。电致伸缩的材料有锆钛酸铅(PZT)等。压电晶体组成的超声波传感器是一种可逆传感器,它可以将电能转变成机械振荡而产生超声波,同时它接收到超声波时,也能转变成电能,所以它可以分成发送器或接收器。

课题完成了超声波传感器的选择、采购、各传感器的接口电路设计和制作，以及各传感器和电路的安装位置和方式的安排，并完成了整个硬件的制作工作。

此外，对整个控制软件进行设计和程序的编制以及程序的调试，并最终完成软件和硬件的融合，实现小车的预期功能。

关键词：智能小车，单片机，语音识别和播放，超声波传感器

Abstract

Subject of major task is to design and produce a revivification control of the car for the implementation of the car from the great barrier voice control and functions. Designed to lingyang 16 monolithic integrated circuits to control the use of ultrasonic sensors.

For dealing with technology is a new technology, it includes not only the sound recording and play, but also involves voice compression encoding and decoding, the voice of the past such as processing. do the design, there are two channels ： a monolithic integrated circuits design scheme is expanded, the other is specialized for the processing.16 monolithic integrated circuits are not able to achieve such a complicated process and algorithms, even just to many of the peripheral device to add special handling. the voice of the chips are also many isd, special pm50 series, but the voice capabilities to chip in a single voice in addition to the other aspects of the application is basically impossible.

Spce061a is a 16-bit μ 'nsp structure of the controller. The chip with a hardware multiplication, can achieve in a multiplication operation, such as complex operations. it is not only of operation, and processing speed and a cycle. The highest attainable 49 MHz.

Spce061a built-in flash memory 32k of procedure and 2k sram the soc. The chip is the DAC ADC and function, mic with enormous ADC channel agc automatically gain, can easily be a signal to chip in, two ten of the current type of output, as long as the dac a power amplifier can finish

the sound. The above information wills of the hardware resources that spce061a to chip with the voice capabilities.

Ultrasound is a use of ultrasonic the characteristics of the development of sensors. ultrasound tests, as a means to generate supersonic wave and receive an ultrasound. ultrasound at the core is the plastic jacket or coat of metal a piezoelectric crystal.

Ultrasonic sensors of the major materials have a piezoelectric crystal (electricity to nickel and iron expansion) aluminium (magnetic) two types of expansion. The result of the materials have the titanium sour zirconium (pzt), etc. a piezoelectric crystal of ultrasonic sensor is a reversible sensors, and it can be transformed

into electricity mechanical vibration and generate supersonic wave.

It receives of ultrasonic, can also be transformed into electricity, so

it can be divided into transmitters and receivers.

Key words ： intelligent car single-chip microcomputer voice recognition and play an ultrasound sensors