句子成分精讲精练
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第二讲:写作专题一句子成分
(主语、谓语、宾语)
I.课前检测
写作离不开句子,要写好英语句子,首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成,能充当这些成分的各是什么词?
1.你知道一个英语句子中,一般都有哪些句子成分吗?
2.请分析下面这个短文中句子的句子成分。
(只找出句子的主
语、谓语、宾语)
My favorite subject is Chinese. I think it is interesting. I also like English. But it’s a little difficult for me. I can speak only a little English. History is interesting, too. I like it. Match is difficult. Mr. Wang is our math teacher. He is very strict. I’m usually tired after his class. But I work hard. I think I can study it well.
II.句子成分
句子主要成分:主语、谓语、宾语
句子的组成部分分为:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语,其中主语与谓语是主要成分,一般不可缺少;其他成分可根据具体的句子加以选择。
本次主要认识并学习句子的主要成分:主语、谓语、宾语。
一、主语
含义:说明句子的主体,表示句子所说的是谁或是什么。
练习:请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么(词,短语或句子)可以充当主语。
1. The boy comes from American.
2. He usually went to school alone.
3. Studying English is every important.
4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.
5. That he won the prize excited everyone.
6. It is important for us to have our dreams.
7. It is obvious that he was wrong.
8. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
归纳:主语一般由名词、_______,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括_____,______还有_______)。
另外,当句子的主语为_______,_________或_________时,主语部分太长,为使句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语。
二、谓语
含义:说明主语动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词词组充当。
除了倒装等情况外,谓语总是位于主语的后面。
句子最主要的两大成分位置是:主语谓语。
动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。
实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语,助动词与动词的适当形式(如:原形、现在分词、过去分词)共同构成谓语部分。
注意:谓语与主语在人称和数方面要相互照应。
练习:请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成:是实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式?
1. His parents are teachers.
2. The sun rises in the east.
3. We have finished reading the book.
4. You ought to work harder.
5. I felt cold.
6. He doesn't like music.
三、宾语
含义:表示动作的对象,跟主语的性质差不多。
一般由名词、宾格代词(me ,he等)或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句)。
宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做,直接宾语则是动作的承受着或结果。
一般情况下,宾语都是在动词的后面,它的顺序是:主语谓语宾语练习:请找出下列句子的宾语并指出充当宾语的词(是名词、宾格代词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词还是宾语从句)?
1. He has never met her in person.
2. She handed him a book.
3. He likes to play basketball.
4. We enjoy listening to the music.
5. She said that she felt sick.
6. They sent the injured to hospital.
7. I find it possible to believe her any longer.
8. We consider it no good getting up late.
9. They believed it strange that he should have done that.
注意:当句子的宾语为_________、______、或_______时,常用形式宾语it,以保持句子的平衡。
III.回顾复习
回顾复习,告诉老师“你今天的收获是什么?”或“你都学到了什么东西?”
IV.试分析下列句子的主语、谓语和宾语。
1.I am happy.
2.I love music.
3.She loves dancing.
4.He has never met her in person.
5.She handed his a book.
6.Listening to music makes me relaxed.
7.I feel it easy to get along with her.
V.这周在学校,英语上,你都有什么收获?
VI.基础知识摸底卷情况(批阅并得分)
第三讲:写作专题二句子成分
(表语、定语、状语)
I.复习
i). 检查整理的笔记
是否将所讲重难点根据自己的理解有条理地整理;
是否在笔记中整理了“意外收获”,特别是自己陌生的词汇、短语、句型甚至是心得体会!
ii).试分析下列句子的主语、谓语和宾语。
(带翻译)
1. I am happy.
2. I love music.
3. She loves dancing.
4. He has never met her in person.
5. She handed him a book.
6. Listening to music makes me relaxed.
7. I feel it easy to get along with her.
iii).简评摸底卷
首先给予肯定,排除畏难情绪,增强英语学习信心,提高英语学习兴趣。
其次,针对错题予以简单讲解。
单词拼写4. Social______(风俗,习俗) are different in different countries.
单词拼写5. I ______ (毕业) from a junior middle school last year.
选择填空6.He doesn’t _____(do) his homework these days.
完成句子2.Different countries have different ways greeting people.
完成句子5. People, are, family, there, four, my, in
佳琦错误的写为:There are four in people my family.
正确的应为:There are four people in my family.
写作中的错句:My family have are six people.
II.句子成分
(表语、定语、状语)
一、表语
含义:系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动词,如:be, get, sound, look, seem, feel等,系动词后面的部分叫表语。
作表语的典型词类是形容词,也可以是名词、数词、极少数副词(如here, there)、介词短语、不定式、v-ing形式、v-ed形式、从句等。
系动词与表语共同构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质等。
练习:请找出下列句子的表语,指出表语是由什么充当的。
并翻译。
1.He is Mr. Wang.
2.He is an English teacher.
3.The book isn’t mine.
4.I am sixteen.
5.The leaves turn yellow in fall.
6.To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.
7.Is everybody here?
8.My wallet is on the desk.
9.He has become a successful businessman.
10.H is story was interesting.
11.We are studying English at present.
12.T he whole class got excited at the exciting news.
13.M y suggestion is to leave at once.
14.M y suggestion is that we should start at once.
二、定语
含义:限定修饰名词或代词的句子成分。
作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词,也可以是冠词、数词、名词、介词短语、to do 不定式、V-ing形式(短语)、V-ed形式(短语)、从句等。
定语一般位于被限定修饰的词之前(注意:something等不定代词除外),但定语若是介词短语、to do 不定式短语、V-ing形式短语、V-ed形式短语、从句等时,一律置于被修饰词之后。
练习:找出下列句子的定语,指出定语是由什么充当的。
并翻译。
1.The wallet on the desk is mine.
2.The excited boys burst into cheers.
3.What a lovely day!
4.I have a lot of work to do.
5.This is a swimming pool.
6.There are two butterflies.
7.The woman police officer was praised for her good work.
8.I know the girl under the tree.
9.The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every day.
10.H e is one of the students that have been late.
二、状语
含义:是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的。
一般表示动作或状态发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,作状语的典型词类是副词、也可以是介词短语、to do不定式、分词短语或从句等。
练习:找出下列句子的状语,指出状语是由什么充当的,并翻译。
1.He gets up early every morning.
2.She works very hard.
3.I started out early to catch the No.1 bus this morning.
4.My mother has many friends in the City of Weinan.
5.Most people love reading story books when they are children. III.回顾复习
回顾复习,告诉老师“你今天的收获是什么?”或“你都学到了什么东西?”
IV.这周在学校,英语上,你都有什么收获?
在学校,你预习过英语吗?如果有,你是怎样预习的?
预习的好习惯你养成了吗?
V.总结复习(作业)
翻译下列句子,并根据句子结构和汉语意思指出划线部分的句子成分。
1.He is angry.
2. Jane is going home from school.
3. The man is wearing a black jacket.
4. The text is very difficult.
5. He has become a successful businessman.
6. She put the dishes on the table.
7.It is an easy problem.
8. Though it was raining heavily, we still went to school.
9. To learn English well is important.
10.There are many women teachers in our school.
11. We go to Britain once a year.
12. Look at the blackboard.
13. I used to go to work on foot
14. You mustn’t go out now.
15.My brother looks cute.
第四讲:写作专题三句子成分
(宾语补足语)
及写作专题四五种基本句型
I.复习
i). 检查整理的笔记
是否将所讲重难点根据自己的理解有条理地整理;
是否在笔记中整理了“意外收获”,特别是自己陌生的词汇、短语、句型甚至是心得体会!
ii). 处理作业
II.句子成分
宾语补足语
一、含义:宾语补足语,顾名思义,补充说明宾语的状况的。
有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外,还必须要加上一个补足语,否则句意就不完整。
例句1.I'm going to paint it pink.
译文:我打算把它涂成粉红色.
句子中的“it”显然是宾语。
但是主语将要做的并不是it,而是“paint it pink”。
“pink”是句子中的宾语补足语。
它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是pink呈现了it的状态,让句子
意思更加完整。
例句2. My friend encouraged me to work hard that day.
二、练习:找出下列句子的状语,指出状语是由什么充当的,并翻译。
练习:给出例句予以强化巩固。
III.五种基本句型
1. 主语 + 系 (link-v.) + 表语
2. 主语 + 谓语(vi.)
3. 主语 + 谓语 (vt./vi.+介词) + 宾语
4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
练习:请从第一、二讲中,替以上五种基本句型找出相应例句。
也可写出属于自己的英语句子。
1. 主语 + 系 (link-v.) + 表语
2. 主语 + 谓语(vi.)
3. 主语 + 谓语 (vt./vi.+介词) + 宾语
4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
IV.回顾复习
回顾复习,告诉老师“你今天的收获是什么?”或“你都学到了什么东西?”
VI.这周在学校,英语上,你都有什么收获?
在学校,你预习过英语吗?如果有,你是怎样预习的?
预习的好习惯你养成了吗?。