朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》笔记和考研真题详解-上册-第11章 爱尔兰地理、人文和历史【圣才出品

爱尔兰

第11章爱尔兰地理、人文和历史

11.1 复习笔记

I. The island of Ireland

1. Location

2. Constituents

II. Geography

1. Land

2. Climate

3. Environment

III. Population

1. Features

2. The Great Famine

3. Emigrations

IV. History

1. The Celts

2. The coming of Christianity

3. Viking invasion

4. English invasion

5. Irish independence

I. The island of Ireland（爱尔兰岛）

1. Location（地理位置）

The island of Ireland is situated off the northwest coast of Great Britain, divided from Scotland by a narrow strait of water.

爱尔兰岛位于英国西北海岸，同苏格兰仅一水之隔。

2. Constituents（组成）

The whole island has two jurisdictions: one is the Republic of Ireland and the other is Northern Ireland.

整个爱尔兰岛分为两个区域，爱尔兰共和国和北爱尔兰。

3. Differences between the two jurisdictions（爱尔兰与北爱尔兰的区别）

①The present Republic of Ireland is an independent nation of its own right, while Northern Ireland is a province of Great Britain.

②The Republic of Ireland covers about five times that of Northern Ireland.

③The Republic of Ireland has a mainly Catholic population while Northern Ireland is inhabited by a majority of Protestants.

①爱尔兰共和国是一个有主权的国家，而北爱尔兰是英国的一个省。

②爱尔兰共和国的面积大约是北爱尔兰的五倍。

③爱尔兰公民多为天主教徒，而北爱尔兰以新教徒为主。

II. Geography（地理）

1. Land（地表）

(1) The first impression of Ireland is an intense green and the grasslands flourishing

in all seasons.

(2) The island of Ireland resembles a tea saucer. It has a large central lowland

comprised of limestone and an occasional relief of hills which rises at the coastline.

(3) Ireland has a smaller range of native flora and fauna than that is found

elsewhere in Europe.

(1) 爱尔兰地表给人的第一印象是浓重的绿色，而且四季常青。

(2) 爱尔兰岛的地表像一个茶碟。中间是大片的石灰石低地，海岸线附近不时有高低不同的

山形成地表的起伏。

(3) 爱尔兰的原生动植物较欧洲大陆种类更为稀少。

2. Climate（气候）

Ireland has a temperate climate.

(1) It does not change much from one season to another.

(2) Snow and ice are rare.

(3) The frequent rain makes it always damp.

爱尔兰为温带气候。

(1) 不同季节气候变化不明显。

(2) 冰雪稀少。

(3) 雨水频繁，导致气候常年潮湿。

3. Environment（环境）

The environment has been under threat of the economic development.

(1) The economy of Ireland has been booming in recent years and thus it has become the “Celtic Tiger”.

(2) Over-development of many resorts has led to a despoliation of many landscapes.

(3) The new methods of intensive farming have led to pollution of springs and lakes.

爱尔兰环境受到经济发展的威胁。

(1) 近年来爱尔兰的经济繁荣发展，被称为“凯尔特之虎”。

(2) 许多旅游景点遭到过度开发，造成环境掠夺。

(3) 集约的农业经营方式导致对泉水和湖泊的污染。

III. Population（人口）

1. Features（特点）

(1) A young nation（年轻的国度）

According to the 1996 Census, Ireland is a young country with more than half of the people under the age of 25.

1996年的人口普查显示，爱尔兰是一个年轻的国度，半数以上的公民年龄在25岁以下。